History of the Moscow Region: from the Moscow Principality to the province. The historic cities of the Moscow region: the newest story

This kind of one of the surrounding hills can be admired for a very long time, without breaking.
Laurea is a real museum of history of Russian church architecture, here you can find most of the famous styles, and their brightest samples.

Outside the laurel there are also picturesque places, although I, confess, while I studied the neighborhood very poorly:

Second place - Kolomna, a large historic city at a distance of about 100 km. From Moscow, which is unofficially called the "capital of the Moscow region". In the 16th century, it was the main outpost against regular invasions of the Crimean Tatars, so there was built here before Ivan the Terrible, a huge brick Kremlin, only a little conceded by Moscow. During raids, tens of thousands of residents from surrounding volosts were hidden in it.
Now only a few towers and small fragments of the walls remained from the Kolomna Kremlin, but they also produce an indelible impression:


Inside the former Kremlin preserved the magnificent ensemble of the old city, which was given the status of the reserve. It is rarely seen in Russia in Russia - everything is licked, cleaned, painted, people continue to live in small old houses. But there is also the opposite effect - the feeling of some sterility, the voids and the unnaturalness of the situation. There is not enough that makes up the soul of a museified historical center in any country of the world - filled with people with thousands of cafes, restaurants, lavages, workshops, street musicians, artists, etc.
But still great, beautiful:


The other day came to Kolomna for the third time since 2005 and I hope to come back.

Third place - Dmitrov 65 km. north of Moscow. I visited this city since childhood and saw it again, he changed in the last 20 years. It seems that there is a real economic boom and right in front of the new infrastructure - shopping and sports centers, extensive residential arrays, landscaped central streets. I do not remember that somewhere else in Russia for several years was completely reconstructed the historic center, the main street was blocked and turned into a pedestrian zone, decorative trading rows were built, a lot of street sculptures were established. More precisely, the example is only one - the above-mentioned Kolomna.
The same landscaped and indentured, as in Kolomna, the historic center of Dmitrov is still very different in itself. Its core make up the high earthen shafts of the former Wooden Kremlin, inside which the impressive Assumption Cathedral of the 16th century was concluded:


Outside the shafts, the area of \u200b\u200bprivate development has been preserved, and behind it is one more attraction in the ensemble of the historic center, Borisoglebsky Monastery:


This monastery is striking with its fantastic well-kept, not to say, backed. Temples and walls are shining in white, the whole area will rise in colors and represents a monument of modern landscape-park art, there are even peacocks. In general, the visit causes a sense of complete delight and respect for Dmitrovskam.

Fourth place - Zaraysk, the city's most remote from Moscow. He is almost not mastered by tourists and impresses some reserve, a real Russian province with chickens on the streets and mass wooden buildings in the center, which is not threatened by the demolition in the coming years, despite the lather.
The main attraction is the fully preserved stone Kremlin of the 16th century correct rectangular shape:


The city gradually restore the surviving temples.
I would say that throughout the spirit Zaraysk - Antipode of the Musified Historical Center Kolomna.

Fifth place - Serpukhov.
I only had only once in 2007 and was fascinated by an atmosphere. It was the impression that this pretty big city is not located in a hundred, and a thousand kilometers from Moscow and the yard there are still the 90s. A huge contrast with Kolomna and Dmitrov, although, perhaps, my impressions in this case are very subjective.
The compact historical center in Serpukhov is not observed. Ancient Kremlin Hill stands somewhere on the knocker. There is a rather modest species of the cathedral on it and a quiet rustic life flows around it:


A very tragic story happened to the stone Serpukhov Kremlin. In the 1930s. Local authorities either in their idiotic initiative, or on demand from the center decided to disassemble the ancient walls to the foundation and the resulting stone to send to the decoration of the Moscow metro under construction.
For memory, descendants were left only a small fragment:


Well, where else in Russia today, you can see grazing horses at the Kremlin wall?

Sixth place - Podolsk. This large city is worth visiting at least in order for his outskirts in the estate of Dubrovitsy to see one of the wonders of Russia - the Znamensky Church:

In its architecture, this temple has no analogues in Russia. It was built during the reign of Peter I invited from Switzerland Masters, so the decoration corresponds to more of the Catholic tradition:

Seventh place - Zvenigorod. A small town with a tempting is 30 km away. To the west of Moscow. The main attractions are outside his modern center. On the old town of the town (town) costs one of the most ancient temples of the Moscow Earth - the White Assumption Cathedral of 1399


2 km. From Zvenigorod is the famous Savvino-Storozhevsky monastery with the Christmas Cathedral of the 15th century.

The eighth place is the town of Vereya, 95 km south-west of Moscow, the once of the capital of the independent Belief Principality.
I was conquered me with my painter if it descends from a high hill where urban life boils, and go through a pedestrian bridge, then you get to some fabulous world of the village childhood at once:


Right on the banks of the river hostess are fed by cows, on the surrounding streets - almost no soul.
View of the district from the citysrevsky Hill:


There are several fairly interesting temples in the city, including the Christmas Cathedral of the mid-16th century (very rebuilt), but still the main thing is for which it costs to come here - a picturesque landscape.

The top ten most interesting cities of the Moscow region, of course, includes Mozhaisk, 110 km west of the capital. Once it was the outpost of Moscow from the invasion from the West, the border fortress (hence the expression "drive for Mozhai"). Mozhaisky Kremlin existed since the 12th century, at the beginning of the 17th century he got stone walls, which, unfortunately, were disassembled long before the revolution.
Now the historic center, the Kremlin Hill is the most outskirts of Mozhaisk. At the entrance to the city from the West over the entire terrain, the new Nikolsky Cathedral of the early 19th century in the style of gothic romanticism is dominated:


To the left of him, the old Nikolsky Cathedral is visible, much more modest sizes.
In the city there is an interesting poezhetsky Ferapontov Monastery with the Cathedral of the time of Ivan Grozny.

Finally, in the top ten I would include the city of Bogorodsk (better known under the Soviet name Noginsk), which leads its origin from the village of Rogodh from 1389:


Although this city does not shine architectural masterpieces and such a rich history as the previous ones, and did not save the most part of the old center environment, there are many interesting and picturesque corners. The efforts of local authorities for the improvement of the most attractive places, the creation of local areas, where the townspeople would have been nice to rest for recreation.

Of course, in the Moscow region there are still many interesting and beautiful historical cities, I hope that over time I will tell you about them.

The Moscow region in 2014 celebrates the 85th anniversary. Meanwhile, many near Moscow cities are much older - they were founded in the Middle Ages, in 12-14 centuries. The most ancient cities of the region can be found in the preserved walls of the Kremlin, temples and monasteries, ancient "settlements" and earthworks. The correspondents of the portal "in the Moscow region" chose the ten most ancient cities in the Moscow region, learned what they were wonderful, and found out what Moscow city is older than Moscow.

Volokolamsk

The most ancient city of the Moscow region isVolokolamsk , or Wolf Lamb, as it was called in antiquity. In Russian chronicles, this city is mentioned back in 1135. It is believed that he is older than Moscow for 12 years. It was an important trading path from Novgorod to Moscow and Ryazan lands. Novgorod Wolf remembered the trial with a commodity from the Lama River in Volosher - from here and the name went. The oldest construction of the Volokolamsky Kremlin, preserved to the present day, is the Resurrection Blonde Cathedral, erected in the 15th century. The Kremlin himself, like most buildings of that time, was wooden, so the tower and walls were not preserved to our days.

Under Volokolamsky there is an Iosifo-Volochsky monastery, founded in the 15th century. Here, the walls with the seven tower buildings of the 17th century are preserved. The oldest part of the monastery ensemble is preserved - the Epiphany Church, built in 1504, the ruins of a unique bell tower, Petropavlovsk Church, Assumption Cathedral.

Kolomna

For the first time about Kolomna Mentioned in the annals in 1177 as the border fortress of the Ryazan and Moscow Principality, and it was founded for another a few decades earlier. This city was a traditional place of collecting Russian troops before the campaigns against Tatar-Mongol and the richest city after Moscow, and during the time of feudal wars in the middle of the 15th century - and the capital of Muscovy. No wonder for him was the struggle of the prince of fragmented Russia - Kolomna occupied a profitable commercial position between the three rivers - Moscow-River, Okoy and Kolomenka.

The monument of the Old Russian defensive architecture is partially preserved here - the Kolomna Kremlin, built in the 16th century. Today it accommodated a large museum complex. Thanks to the Kremlin, the enemies could not take the city to the attack. The most famous tower is Marinkin. It is believed that the name comes on behalf of the Great Uznage - Marina Mnishek, who, according to the legend in 1614, was sharpened to the tower and died here. Guides are called Kolomna by Suzdalem near Moscow. Now it is one of the most attractive tourist centers, with many fashion projects.

Zvenigorod

Zvenigorod It was founded in the middle of the 12th century, presumably in 1152. According to one of the versions, Moscow and Zvenigorod have one founder - Prince Yuri Dolgoruky. At the same time, the cities with the same name in Russia were several. Historians argue about the origin of the poetic name of the "ringing" city. Versions are different - from the word "ringing", which was notified by the population of danger, to Savenygorod, that is, the "city of Savva" - in honor of the St. Savva of Storozhevsky, the founder of the monastery. The city also glorified the famous Soviet actress Lyubov Orlov, born here.

Savvino-Storozhevsky Monastery is the main attraction of Zvenigorodsky seats. The abode was founded at the very end of the 14th century on the mountain of worse than the Holy Savoy, the student of the famous Russian St. Sergius of Radonezh, and in the 17th century, at the first king from the dynasty of Romanov Mikhail Fedorovich was actually rebuilt again. On the territory of the monastery, one of the oldest temples in the Moscow land is preserved - the Nativity Cathedral of the Virgin of the early 15th century. The ancient fortress walls with the towers, the Palace of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich and the Chamber of His wife of the queen Mary Miloslavskaya, brotherly corps with celias have reached this day.

Dmitrov

Dmitrov - Another city on the Moscow Earth, founded by Yuri Dolgoruk in the middle of the 12th century. In the village on the Yakhroma River, along the way from Kiev, the son of Olga was born a son - Vsevolod is a big nest, and in baptism - Dmitry, in honor of which it was decided to name the new city - Dmitrov.

The Kremlin in Dmitrov was wooden and not survived to this day. About the ancient fortress fortifications are evidenced by high, up to 15 meters, earth shafts surrounding the ancient Posad. They are a monument of history and culture of federal significance. The Dmitrovsky Kremlin Museum-Reserve has been opened on the Kremlin.

From the ancient buildings in the city, the Borisoglebsky Monastery of the 15th century has been preserved, with a stone fence and turrets. The oldest temple of the monastery is the Cathedral of Saints Boris and Gleb, erected in the 16th century. In the Soviet years, the construction of the construction of the famous Canal of Moscow Volga was placed in the monastery.

Ruza

This small town in the west of the Moscow region was founded in the first third of the 14th century, about 1328. Only earthy shafts remained from the city fortress, which still have to explore archaeologists, now there is a park "Town" - a place of rest of the citizens.

Of the architectural monuments in the city, several churches are preserved: the Resurrection Cathedral of the early 18th century, the Pokrovskaya and Dmitrievskaya Church (end of the 18th century), the Borisoglebsky temple of the early 19th century. By the way, in the oldest local lore Museum of the Moscow Region, open inRouze In 1906, they created a rich exposition on the ancient residents of the Moscow region land - Eastern Slavs.

Mozhaisk

The first mention of the city on the riverMozhaisk It is found in the chronicles of 1231. In the 14th century, Mozhaisk was one of Russia's religious centers thanks to the miraculous icon of Nikola Mozhaysky, there were about 20 monasteries. Of these, only one is preserved - the Mozhaisy Pubhitsky Monastery in honor of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary, founded by the student of Sergius Radonezhsky - Feraponte Belozersky in 1408. A number of architectural monuments of the 16-19 centuries have been preserved in the monastery, including the chief Cathedral of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary of the 16th century, the bell tower with the tomb of the 17th century, the garment church and the fence with the tower of the 17th century.

The city is also famous thanks to the Borodino battle of 1812. Mozhaisky Historical Museum - branch of the Borodino Military Historical Museum-Reserve.

Sergiev Posad

The main "tourist magnet" of the Moscow region, the only city of the region included in the Golden Ring of Russia, grew around the wooden church in the name of the Trinity on Mount Macoves, where in the 14th century, founded the monastic monastery of Sergius Radonezhsky. The year of the foundation of the city is considered to be the 1337th. Holy Trinity Sergiyev Lavra, where the icons of the great icon painters of Andrei Rublev and Daniel Black, where in the legend came for the blessing in front of the Kulikovsky battle of Moscow Prince Dmitry Donskoy, where the king Ivan Grozny be bonded and where the Moscow Spiritual Academy was now placed on the security list UNESCO World Heritage Site Monuments.

The oldest building of the Lavra is a blonded Trinity Cathedral, built over the tomb of Rev. Sergius Radonezh in 1422-1423. According to the archives of the monastery, from 1575, the world-famous icon of Andrei Rublev "Trinity", written in memory of the Great Holy and Wonderworker, held the main place of the iconostasis of the Trinity Temple - to the right of the royal gates. And the Assumption Cathedral of the Lavra (1585), with bright blue domes in the golden stars, was created on the command of Ivan the Terrible and on the sample of the Assumption Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin. The laurel bell tower is the highest in Russia - 88 meters.

In the Sergiev Posad Historical and Art Museum, the Equestrian Dvor (former monastic stables) is kept unique and one of the largest meetings of the 19th and 2nd centuries in Russia.

Serpukhov

Serpukhov On the Nare River, it is presumably from 1339 - it was a fortress at the borders of the Moscow Principality during the period of long-term struggle with Mongol-Tatars and Lithuanian-Polish conquerors. The chief architectural monument of the city is the Vysotsky Male Monastery, one of the oldest in the Moscow region, founded in 1347 by Serpukhov Prince Vladimir Brave. This is the center of pilgrimage to the miraculous icon of the Blessed Virgin "Inspromandable Bowl", which is considered to save away from the ailments of drunkenness and drug addiction.

Among other antiquities of the city - the Lord Women's Monastery of the 14th century, fragments of the Serpukhov Kremlin of the 16th century at the Cathedral Mountain, the Troitsky Cathedral of the 17th century at the Cathedral Mountain. From later attractions - trading rows of the 19th century and a number of churches and temples.

Wedge

Wedge First mentioned in the annals in 1317. The fortress was destroyed at the very beginning of the 15th century with a raid of Tatar-Mongol. Klin Kremlin did not have stone structures and fortifications. Earth trees are not preserved, but a deep ravine is visible, which defended the approach to the city.
The oldest monument of the Klin Kremlin is the Resurrection Church of the early 18th century.

Kashira

One of the oldest cities in the Moscow region is first mentioned in the spiritual letter of Moscow Prince Ivan Red in 1356. The unique monument of archeology speaks about the antiquity of these places - the Kashirskim settlement related to 7-4 centuries to our era. Traces of an ancient settlement can be seen on the banks of the Oka River. According to research, the settlement inKashire it was strengthened with a shaft, a moat and oak tys. Archaeologists have discovered more than 20 dumplings with stone lesions in the center, clay products, dishes, bone arrows, harpuna, iron tools and bronze ornaments.

Based on: InmosReg.Ru

• 14 cities-district centers;
• 43 cities of regional subordination;
• 1 Closed city - Krasnoznamensk;
• 12 cities of the district subordination, which are in administrative submission of the districts;
• 3 cities that are in administrative submission of cities of regional subordination.

List of cities near Moscow estate from Moscow

They head the list of city Lyubertsy, Kotelniki and Reutov, they are located 2 km from the capital, Dzerzhinsky and Khimki - 3 km, Krasnogorsk - 4, prominent and Odintsovo - 5 km, Dolgoprudny - 6, Balashikha and Shcherbinka - 8 km, Mytishchi - 9 km , Jubilee - 10, Moscow - 11 km, Railway, Lytkarino and Korolev - 12 km, Lobnya - 14 km, Domodedovo - 15 km, Podolsk - 16 km, Troitsk - 18 km, Ivanteevka, Pushkino and Schelkovo - 19 km, Dedovsk - 20 km, Zhukovsky, Old Kupavna and Elektrougli - 23 km, Klimovsk - 24 km, Aprelevka - 25 km, Fryazino - 27 km, Golitsino and Ramenskoye - 28 km, Krasnoznamensk and Losino, Petrovsky - 29 km, Istra - 36 km, Noginsk - 37 km, Krasnoarmeysk - 39 km, Blizers and Zvenigorod - 41 km, Elektrostal - 42 km, Chernogolovka - 43 km, Solnechnogorsk - 44 km, Dmitrov, Yakhroma and Kubinka - 48 km, Chekhov - 50 km, Khotkovo - 53 km, Sergiev Posad - 55 km, Naro-Fominsk - 57 km, Pavlovsky Posad - 59 km, Elektogorsk - 64 km, Wedge - 66 km, Peresvet - 71 km, Dresna - 72 km, Serpukhov - 73 km, Krasnosavodsk - 74 km, Voskresensk - 76 km, Vysokovsk and Orekhovo-Zuevo - 78 km, Kurovskoe - 79 km, Likino-Dulyovo - 86 km, Ruza - 87 km, Stupino - 88 km, Mozhaisk - 89 km, Kolomna - 91 km, Volokamsk - 94 km, Pushchino - 96 km, Dubna - 98 km, Vereya, Protvino, Kashira - 99 km, Yegoryevsk - 100 km, Necklace - 105 km, Taldom - 107 km, Lukhovitsy - 112 km, Ozers - 119 km, Zaraysk - 137 km, Shatura - 138 km. The list of cities near Moscow is the most remote city of Roshal, its distance to Moscow is 147 km.

K belongs to the territory and city of Moscow, located from the Moscow Ring Road at a distance of 40 km in the direction of the region. What are the city near Moscow? List of small: Mytishchi, Kotelniki, Lyubertsy, Lobnya, Zhukovsky, Podolsk, Odintsovo, Domodedovo, Khimki, Krasnogorsk, Dzerzhinsky, Balashikha, Reutov, Korolev, Pushkino and others. All these cities are known to almost any resident of our country.

The largest cities of the Moscow region: a list of cities in population

The list of 20 largest cities in the Moscow region in terms of population living in them, included:

• Balashikha - 215 350 people;
• Khimki - 208 560 people;
• Podolsk - 187 960 people;
• Korolev - 183 400 people;
• Mytishchi - 173 340 people;
• Lyubertsy - 171 980 people;
• Elektrostal - 155 370 people;
• Kolomna - 144790 people;
• Odintsovo - 139 020 people;
• Railway - 132,230 people;
• Serpukhov - 126,500 people;
• Orekhovo-Zuyevo - 121 110 people;
• Krasnogorsk - 116,740 people;
• Schelkovo - 108 060 people;
• Sergiev Posad - 105 840 people;
• Pushkino - 102,820 people;
• Zhukovsky - 102,790 people;
• Noginsk - 102 080 people;
• Ramenskoye - 101 200 people;
• Wedge - 93 420.

The most ancient cities

In the era of ancient Russia (the period to the Tatar-Mongolian invasion), about 17 ancient Russian cities were located on the territory of the modern capital region. But only 9 of them is mentioned in ancient written sources and only they retained their names and did not turn into dead cities. List of ancient cities Moscow region: Moscow, Zaraysk (Ostr), Mozhaisk, Dmitrov, Volokolamsk, Dubna, Zvenigorod, Lobynsk, Kolomna.

Most cities of the ancient Moscow region are mentioned in chronicle sources since the XII century. The very first mention of Dubna city - 1134, the second is mentioned Volokolamsk - 1135 year. The list of the ancient cities of the Moscow region and the year of their first mention in the chronicle:

• Dubna - 1134;
• Volokolamsk - 1135;
• Moscow, Lobyansk - 1147;
• Dmitrov - 1154;
• Kolomna - 1177;
• Zaraisk (Ostr) - 1225;
• Mozhaisk -1231

Tourist attractive towns of Moscow region

1. Sergiev Posad. One of the main attractions and decoration of the city is the temple of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul. Also famous Voznesenskaya Church, Pyatnitskaya, Uspenskaya, Intraved, Vintage Trading Rows and Monastery Hotel.

2. Wedge. Tourist interest causes an old church in the territory of the former Assumption Monastery, the Resurrection Church, trading series, Demyanovo's manor. In the village of Boblovo - Museum D.I. Mendeleeva.

3. Cube city. Invites guests to the famous military historical armored museum.

4. Old Kupavna. The Holy Trinity Temple attracts many pilgrims.

5. Mozhaisk. Majestic earthy Kremlin, Yakiman and Nikolsky Cathedral - all this is the sights of a small town.

The most favorable for the life of the city of Moscow region

Analytics of cities located at a distance of 30 km from MKADA. 21 criteria were taken into account when drawing up the rating: the development of infrastructure, accessibility in the acquisition of housing, the availability of jobs, the quality of services provided to the population, the quality of medical care, social protection of the population, ecology and purity of the city and MN. Dr. The first place in the list of the most favorable population of the population of the Moscow region took Klimovsk, in the top five of the leaders entered Ivanteevka, prominent, Dolgoprudny, Lobnya.

In terms of transport accessibility, among near Moscow cities, you can allocate such cities like Khimki, Lobnya, Reutov, Lyubertsy, Mytishchi, Kotelniki, Krasnogorsk, Dolgoprudny and prominent.

List of cities near Moscow with the highest level of atmospheric pollution: Elektrostal, Railway, Orekhovo-Zuyevo, Wedge, Serpukhov, Mytishchi, Noginsk, Balashikha, Kolomna, Yegoryevsk, Podolsk, Lyubertsy.

Cities with a high level of radioactive pollution: Troitsk, Dubna, Khimki, Sergiev Posad.

Of the most built-in cities of the Moscow region in the first place of Reutov, on the second - anniversary, then railway, Podolsk, Krasnoznamensk, Fryazino, Lyubertsy, Dolgoprudny, Ivanteevka.

Mastering Land Masters

The territory of the modern Moscow region is located in the central part of the Eastern European Plain in the Basins of the Volga rivers, Oka, Klyazma and Moscow River - according to archeology, it was populated by a man 20 thousand years ago. The primitive society lived here hunting, collecting and fishing.

The ancient and most important archaeological monument of the era of the Upper Paleolithic (early Stone Age) on the territory of the Moscow region is Zaraway Parking, located in the center of Zaraysk. It refers to the Kostenkovo-Avdeevsky archaeological culture dating from 22-19 thousand BC. e. The culture left a lot of richly ornamented bone products, among other things, famous anthropomorphic and zoomorphic figures - "Kostenkovsky Venus". Parking of Neolithic (late Stone Century) found in the village of Fishermen Dmitrovsky District, Sele Zhabki Yegoryevsky District, Village Belivo Orekhovo-Zuevsky District, village of Nikolskoye Ruz district and other places.

In the III-I millennium BC. e. The described region comes the era of bronze. The man learned to make workers from copper alloys with other non-ferrous metals. This period is represented here by the Fatyan culture of the Volzhsky-Oksky interfluid, migrating from the southeastern steppes in the middle of the II millennium BC. e.

The Iron Age came to shift bronze at the end of the II - early I millennium BC. e. People made iron from marsh ore, whose field is often found in the suburbs. The archaeological monument of the early Iron Age was found in Domodedovo, so on. Sherbinsk city fortune is located on the right bank of the Pahra River. In I thousand n. e. The territory of the Moscow Region inhabited mainly Finno-Ugric peoples of Meshchera and Meriana. And the Slavic tribes of Vyatichi and Krivichi penetrated here since the IV century.

History of the Moscow region in the I millennium AD. rich and diverse. A monument of the federal value of the Lukovnya is found on the territory of Patolsk in the umbrella of the Pahra River. There were settlements from the V century to N. e. by the XVII century n. e. Not far from Domodedov, on the left bank of the Pahra River, the Starosjianovskoye settlement of the VI-XV centuries is located. The cultural layer of the settlement contains ceramics of the Dyakovsky culture - the ancestors of the tribes Mary and Weigh. It is worth noting the mounded necropolis of venical XII-XIII centuries. Near the estate "Gorki Leninsky"; Monument of the archeology of the federal value Akatovskaya Kurgan Group of the XII-XIII centuries. near Balashikha associated with the population of the Pekhork Valley; Curvich's population disappeared by the city of the XI-XII centuries of Island, who was standing on the same river in the territory of the modern Mozhaisk district.

The period of the formation and development of statehood

The history of the formation of the state in Russia is inextricably linked with the lands of the modern Moscow region. So, from the middle of the XIII century, they were part of the great Vladimir-Suzdal Principality. In 1236, the Grand Duke Vladimir Yuri Vsevolodovich allocated the Moscow Principality in Son Vladimir's lot. The center of the principality was the city of Moscow formed by Yuri Dolgorukin allegedly in 1147.

During the period of fragmentation, rivalry with neighboring principles occurs against the background of resistance to the Mongol-Tatar invasion. In 1238, Northeast Russia was broken by the invasion of Khan Batya, the territories near Moscow were repeatedly subjected to a plunder. Later, Kolomna, Mozhaysk, Serpukhov, Zaraysk and other cities of the current Moscow region became cities-fasteners in the fight against Horde, Lithuania and the Crimean Tatars. In addition to cities, near Moscow Monasteries - Iosifo-Voloqsky near Volokolamsk, Savvino-Storozhevsky in Zvenigorod and Trinity-Sergiev, played a significant defensive role.

It was Moscow from the specific principalities of the Vladimir-Suzdal land that was at the head of the fight against the Mongol-Tatar Igi and the Center for the Union of Russian Land and received the greatest development. At the beginning of the XIV century, the Moscow Principality expanded, Kolomna, Pereslavl-Zalessky and Mozhaisk, entered the staff. In Dmitry Donskoy, in 1376, the principality approved its influence in the Volga-Kama Bulgaria. And in 1380, the troops of the already united Russian lands led by the Moscow Prince advocated the army of Maymia, who came to Russia. The Kulikovsky battle ended with the defeat of the Horde, which became a turning point in the invasion of Mongol-Tatars.

The pronounced internecine war in the principality in the second quarter of the XV century ended with the victory of the Grand Duke Vasily Dark. Then the territory of the Moscow principality was 430 thousand square kilometers with a population of 3 million people.

In the XV-XVI centuries under Ivan III and Vasili III on the lands of Russia, with the exception of the Polish Lithuanian and King, the Russian State, including Yaroslavl, Rostov, Tver Principles and the Novgorod and Pskov Republic, were formed. At this time, agriculture continues to develop on the Moscow lands, especially three-poly crop rotation. The value of feudal, landlord land in land increased, the reservoir economy was developed. Unnemedial classes also undergo positive changes, trading flourishes. Moscow Region Cities are known since the crafts, for example, Serpukhov - leather production and metalworking, Kolomna - brick production.

The events of the troubled time, the first and second folk militia also unfolded on the territory of the modern Moscow region. It is worth noting the unsuccessful siege of the Trinity-Sergius Monastery for the troops of Falsmitria II, which lasted 16 months - from September 1608 to January 1610. At that time, the monastery was already an influential religious center and a powerful military fortress from 12 towers.

Another famous abode, originating in the XVII century: Novojerusalem Monastery - based on the territory of the current Istra in 1656 by Patriarch Nikon. The idea of \u200b\u200bthe monastery was to recreate the Palestine Saints Saints. In the XIX and at the beginning of the twentieth century, the monastery became a popular pilgrimage center. In 1920, a museum was created in the monastery. In 1991, he was named "Historical and Architectural and Art Museum" New Jerusalem ". Today the museum is one of the largest in the Moscow region. The stock assembly includes archaeological, historical, ethnographic and artistic collections and has more than 180 thousand storage units.

During the empire

The new period in the history of the Moscow region comes under Peter I Alekseevich. Decree of the Tsar All Russia in 1708, all Russia is divided into eight provinces, including Moscow. In addition to Moscow region, the province included the territories of modern Vladimir, Ivanovo, Ryazan, Tula, Yaroslavl, Kaluga and Kostroma regions, only 50 counties. Since 1719, Moscow Province is divided into nine provinces. The land of the suburbs entered the Moscow province managed by the governor. The head of the rest of the provinces stood governors.

The first Moscow governor was appointed in 1708 by Boyarin Tikhon Nikitich Streshnev, a relative of the royal family, the teacher of Peter I. In his hands, an administrative, police and military authorities focused. In 1711, Streshnev became a senator, and the vice-governor V. S. Ershov was appointed by the User Governor. The following governors became MG. Romodanovsky and K. A. Naryshkin. After the Moscow province was headed by Sanovniki as a Governor General. Among them are S.A. Saltykov, who played a prominent role in the top of Anna Ioannovna, Z.G. Chernyshev, Hero of Smolensk War, Vicer of Belarus.

In the XVIII century, with the transfer of the capital to St. Petersburg, the economic significance of the Moscow region decreased. Now the light industry came to the fore in the economy. In the cities of the Moscow region, manufactory develops, and later the factory. Silk and cotton production work, finishing, spinning factories are erected. Handicrafts are also gaining great importance, for example, Ceramics Gzheli. Schelkovo's village and Zuyevo become centers of fishing. Waterways, among them the Oka River, contributed to the development of trade, significant trade turnover had the ports of Serpukhov and Kolomna.

In order to establish the exact boundaries of land tenurements in the Moscow province in 1766, the general survey was launched; The first general plans appeared near the towns of Moscow region in the second half of the XVIII century. In Catherine II, the country was divided into 50 provinces and governments and one area. In 1781, Vladimir, Ryazan and Kostroma vicarity were allocated from the former territory of the Moscow province, and the remaining territory, a little less than modern Moscow region, was divided into 15 counties: Bogorodsky, Bronnitsky, Veresky, Voskresensky, Volokolamsky, Dmitrovsky, Zvenigorodsky, Kolomensky, Klin, Mozhaisky, Moscow, Nikitsky, Podolsky, Ruza and Serpukhovsky. Subsequently, Nikitsky and Voskresensky counties were abolished. Therefore, in the XIX and at the beginning of the 20th century, the Moscow province had only 13 counties. Kashirsky County is formed in the territory of the Tula province, Zaraysh and Yegoryevsky - as part of Ryazan, they later entered the limits of today's Moscow region.

Before the reform of 1775, there were only ten cities in the suburbs. Later on the Vladimir road from the village of Rogodhov, the city of Bogorodsk, the city became the village of Bronnitsa. Two more cities appeared on the polar river: Podolsk (earlier the village of Podol), and Nikitsk (previously village Kolychevo). In addition to them, a large village Voskresensky near the Novojerusalem Monastery became the city of Voskresensky.

In the XVIII-XIX centuries, Bogorodsk, Pavlovsky Posad and Orekhovo-Zuyevo became important centers. From the first half of the XIX century, a large porcelain-faience production was formed in Gzheli on the basis of local ceramic fishery; In the 1830s, another porcelain factory opened in the Moscow province - in Dulely.

On the Moscow region, the Earth occurred the most important events of the Patriotic War of 1812. It is enough just to remember the Borodino field under Mozhaisk, where on September 7, one of the largest battles of that war took place.

A strong economic rise in the Moscow province survived in the second half of the XIX century, especially after the peasant reform of 1861. The formation of the railway network is occurring, in 1850-1860, it was already possible to get from Moscow to St. Petersburg, Nizhny Novgorod, Sergiev Posad, Ryazan, Kursk and Next. And before the First World War, the 11th beam of the Moscow node "Lyubertsy - Arzamas" was completed. Accordingly, the presence or absence of railways near the settlements affected their economic development.

Although in the second half of the XIX century, mechanical engineering develops a textile industry in the leading industry of the province. At this time, a large Kolomna Machine-Building Plant and Carriage Plant in Mytishchi opened. Then the Klimovskoye Factory of Weaving Machines, the production of agricultural machinery in Lyubertsy. In the same period, gardery, suburban gardening, dairy animal husbandry rose. The population of the Moscow region grew, if in 1847 1.13 million people lived in the province, then in 1905 there are already 2.65 million

From that time in the Moscow region, many estates associated with the names of writers, artists, scientists and statesmen are preserved. Among the most famous - Abramtsevo in Sergiev-Posad district, Murano in Pushkinsky district, Ostafiavo in Podolsky district, Arkhangelsk in Krasnogorsk. Today estates turned into museums and reserves. So the manor of Melikhovo near the city of Chekhov was turned into a literary and memorial Museum-Writer Reserve. And the wedge founded a house-museum of composer P. I. Tchaikovsky. Manor Zakharovo and Large Vyazami in the Odintsovo district are included in the historical and literary Museum-Reserve named after A.S. Pushkin.

Under Soviet power

The economic lifting of the province was facilitated by the transfer of the capital from St. Petersburg to Moscow in 1918. Over time, the enterprises of the heavy industry appear. Electric power industry develops, in the 1920s, Kashirskaya GRES and a large plant "Elektrostal" took place.

In the 1920s and 1930s, administrative conversion of the region occur. In 1929, the Moscow province was abolished, instead of it was formed by the Central Industrial Region with the Center in Moscow, the Moscow, Tverskaya, Tula and Ryazan province entered the region, after a few months the region was renamed Moscow. She shared for ten districts: industrial - Moscow, Orekhovo-Zuevsky, Kolomensky, Kimrsky, Serpukhov, Tula, Tver; Agricultural - Ryazan, Bezhetsky and Kaluga. In 1931, Moscow received the status of an independent administrative and economic unit. In 1935, 26 districts from Moscow were transferred to the newly formed Kalinin region. In 1937, 77 districts of the Tula and Ryazan regions were allocated from the Moscow region. Many settlements assigned urban status, the category of urban-type settlements was introduced. New cities, for example, Krasnogorsk, Fryazino, Elektrostal, Dolgoprudny formed near industrial enterprises.

In the 1931 year, there were 143 districts, consisting of 6,238 village councils, 67 cities, including seven separate administrative and economic units (Moscow, Tula, Tver, Orekhovo-Zuyevo, Serpukhov, Bobikov, Zvenigorod), 60 workers settlements and 37.1 thousand rural settlements. The population of the region was 11,359,300 people.

This decade has changed the sectoral structure of the economy of the region. Heavy industry - mechanical engineering - got the greatest development. The chemical industry acquires, for example, a large plant for the production of mineral fertilizers and a giant cement plant is built in Voskresensk. In the East, the area was carried out peat mining. In the 1930s, with an increase in air transportation volumes, construction and equipment began on new airports in Bykov, Tushina (then as part of the Moscow region) and grandchildren.

The time of the Great Patriotic War left a large mark in the history of the Moscow region, in 1941-1942 the battle of Moscow took place - one of the most significant battles of that war. Then industrial enterprises were evacuated to the East. Tens of thousands of residents went to the militia. In October and November 1941, the army of the invaders entered Mozhaisk. Fights were accompanied by large losses on both sides. Solnechnogorsk, Wedge, Istra, Volokolamsk and other cities of the Moscow region were liberated in December.

Administrative changes occurred in the military period. In 1944, Borovsky, Hydnynichsky, Maloyaroslavetsky and the Labor districts were transferred to Kaluga region from Moscow. The Petushinsky district was departed to the Vladimir region. And the areas translated in 1942 regions returned to Ryazan and Tula regions. In 1960, a number of territories of the Moscow region went to Moscow.

Post-war recovery has passed into the development of new industries. Sciences are based in Dubna, Pushchina, Trinity, Chernogolovka. Now at the head of the industry chemistry, mechanical engineering, accurate instrument making and electric power industry. The population of the Moscow region is growing. Livestock complexes and poultry farms are built to provide its food products. In 1969, Moscow in 1969 was organized one of the largest greenhouse factory in the country. The corresponding level of development has also reached a transport system: gas pipelines and high-voltage power lines, electrification of main railway areas, Moscow Ring Road. The rapid development of the air transport demanded an increase in the capacity of the Moscow aircraft: in 1959, Sheremetyevo Airport was opened, and in 1964 - Domodedovo. In the 1980s, the Sector of the Sector of Services in Moscow is becoming a significant component of the regional economy. As a result, pendulum migration from the region to the capital appears.

the Russian Federation

The crisis of the 1990s mostly affected the manufacturing industry of industry, science. The state of the food industry, the construction industry and mechanical engineering has positively assessed. By 1997, only 32% of industrial production from the 1990 level was preserved in the Moscow region.

Since 1997, the growth of the regional economy has been suspended by the 1998 default, but then it became sustainable, and after the industry of the region and the entire economy as a whole develop accelerated pace. The volume of industrial production of the Moscow region in 2004 amounted to only 77% of the 1990 level (on average in Russia - 71%). But by 2005, the process of reinductrialization of the Moscow region allowed to restore the pre-crisis indicators, and by 2007 the region surpassed them by a third.

A new stage of recovery of the economy fell on the first half of the 2000s. The number of unemployed significantly decreased. The level of common unemployment decreased from 7.9% in 2000 to 2% in 2007. According to this indicator, the region rose to second place in the Central Federal District after Moscow (0.8%, respectively).

Development received investment projects in the field of high technology. The realization of them occurred in Dubna, Krasnoznamensk, Khotkov. Fryazin is based on a scientific and production cluster "Photonics". For the period from 2001 to 2010, the Moscow region became one of the most attractive regions of Russia and retains these positions to the present. At this time, there is an intensive construction of residential buildings in the towns nearest to Moscow. Currently, the area ranks first in Russia in the entry of housing. In parallel with high pace there is a relocation of residents from dilapidated and emergency housing.

As a result of administrative transformations in the 2000s, Moscow, Golitsyno, Kubinka and others formed from the townships of urban type and villages. In 2012, part of the territory of the Moscow region, among them, the Three-Titzk, Moscow and Shcherbinka cities were transferred to Moscow, as a result of which the territory of the region decreased by 144 thousand hectares, and the population was 230 thousand people.

Over the past three years, 122 new enterprises have been built, more than 200 thousand new jobs have been created. The volume of investments also increased and amounts to 59 billion rubles. Of the current 28 industrial parks 12 was created in 2015. At the same time, two special economic zones (SEZ) were created in the region: industrial-production type "Stupino", where five companies invested 5.5 billion rubles at once and created 550 new jobs, as well as the technical and innovative type "source" in the urban district Fryazino. Here, ten companies implement their projects with a total investment of at least 48.5 billion rubles.

Moscow surrounds the real ring from the vintage fortresses. We have collected for you all the preserved Kremlin of the Moscow region. You can visit each of them in one day, along the way, looking at the city itself - all these places are ancient, interesting, with their own unique history and monuments.

1. Brand. Kremlin XIV century, with high earthen shafts. Its walls were always wooden. In the Kremlin Christ Cathedral, the hero of war of 1812, General Dorokhov, was buried. Route M1, 98 km from Moscow Ring Road.
   
2. Volokolamsk. Kremlin XII century. The city of the lamp on the lamp was founded by the Novgorodians, then Moscow, then Vladimir troops precipitated. The city was strengthened: a wooden Kremlin was built on a high hill on earth shafts, the height of the fortifications reached about 25 meters. The Kremlin has preserved ancient Resurrection Cathedral of the XV century. M9, 100 km from the Moscow Ring Road.
   
   
   
3. Dmitrov. Kremlin XII century. The historic center of the city is a Kremlin, an obscured ring of powerful earth shafts. At the end of the XVI century, the trees were strengthened with a high wooden tys. In the troubled time strengthening burned down and no longer restored, but the shaft was left and now serves as a favorite place of rising citizens and tourists. In the center of the Kremlin stands the ancient Assumption Cathedral of the XVI century. Route A104, 54 km from MKAD.
   
   
   
   
4. Zaraisk. Kremlin XVI century. By decree of the Grand Duke Vasily III in Zaraisk in 1528-1531, a stone fortress was built. Even before her, the city was strengthened by shafts and a wooden fortress - an incentive. Powerful walls and 7 towers have been preserved to this day. Route M5, 140 km from MKAD.
   
   
   
5. Zvenigorod. Kremlin XIV century. On the high shore of the Moscow River, Prince Yuri Zvenigorodsky built strengthening - a high shaft and a wooden wall with the towers, and inside the cathedral, preserved and understood. At the foot of the hill there is a spring, where local residents are gaining very tasty water. Route A107 between M1 and M9, 46 km from Moscow Ring Road.
   
   
6. Kolomna. Kremlin XVI century. Initially, Kolomna was reinforced with a wooden wall with shafts. The powerful stone walls of the Kolomna Kremlin with a length of about 2 km, a width of 4-5 meters and a height of up to 20 meters were built in 1525-1531 on the command of the Grand Duke Vasily III. This is the largest area of \u200b\u200bthe Kremlin of the Moscow region, which enlists the 2 acting monastery, the Cathedral complex and several streets, where people live to this day. Route M5, 92 km from Moscow Ring Road.
   
   
7. Mozhaisk. Kremlin XIII century. The city on a high hill over the Mozhaica River was reinforced partially wooden, partially global wall, later rebuilt in stone. In 1802, brick walls were disassembled. But there was a magnificent non-neutic Nikolsky Cathedral on a hill, prominent from afar. Route M1, 93 km from MKAD.
   
   
   
8. Ruza. Kremlin XV-XVII centuries. Ruza was not an independent principality. The high hill, surrounded by the three sides of the rivers, and with the fourth - moat, was an excellent fortification, on which only in troubled time, in 1618 they put a wooden tyne, which allowed the city to reflect the Pole attack. To the Kremlin, this fortification can be attributed with a large proportion. Route A108, between M1 and M9, 93 km from the Moscow Ring Road.
   
   
9. Serpukhov. Kremlin XIV century. Initially, the Kremlin, as in other cities, was a wooden-earthen, built strengthens were with a specific Knyaza Vladimir Herbrom. Stone fortress with wide low sandstone walls was erected in 1556. In the Soviet times, the walls of the fortress were almost completely disassembled - stone blocks went to the construction of the Moscow metro. Route M2, 85 km from Moscow Ring Road.