Impressionism Examples in painting. French Impressionism: general characteristics, main masters

Today it is difficult to meet a cultural person who does not know the elegant degi ballerinas, the magnifted beauty of Renuara or landscapes with the water lilies of Claude Monet. Impressionism originated in France at the end of the XIX - early XX century and subsequently spread throughout the world. Now the impressionists rose in one row with the classics against which they were once rebuilding, but at one time it was a progressive and revolutionary direction in painting.

Art crisis in the XIX century

In the middle of the XIX century, three styles were fighting in painting - classicism, romanticism and realism. They all demanded from the artist of great skills in the figure and accurate copying of the item depicted. Meanwhile, classicism and romanticism showed the world too idealized, and realism, on the contrary, too landed.

A novice artist in France to succeed, certainly needed to study at school of fine arts or well-known artists and exhibited in the salon - an exhibition charged by the state in the person of recognized academicians. If the painter wanted to be sold and have success among the public, he needed to get a salon award, that is, to please the tastes of the Declaring Commission. If the jury rejected the work, the artist could put a cross as recognized as recognized.

In 1863, after the jury of the salon rejected about 3000 paintings, the indignation of artists reached its limit. Complaints reached the emperor Napoleon III, and he commanded to organize an exhibition of unsuccessful work, which was called "Landscreen Salon". The exhibition was attended by the authors as Edward Mana, Camille Pissarro, Paul Cesanne. An alternative exhibition had a deafening success. True, the bulk of the public went there to undelivered over the "unformatted" artists.

As Eduard Mana for a long time was considered such a renegone. His paintings "Breakfast on the grass" and "Olympia" caused shock from the honorable public. Avalanche of criticism and indignation of overgrowns of morality collapsed on the author.

What is this in these works? From the point of view of modernity, the canvas are quite traditional, naked women wrote and earlier. For the spectator of the same time, Mane has a challenge. In "breakfast on the grass", they were embarrassed by the image of a completely naked woman in the company of dressed men. A similar plot is in Georgeon in the painting "Rural Concert", and Olympia is a rethinking copy of Venus Urbinskaya Titian. Nude Ladies Georgeon and Titian are idealized, they are somewhere far away in other worlds. And the pictures of Manne depicted the curtains, modern and satisfied life. This has plunged into the shock of the bourgeois public, accustomed to the drawn goddess and queen.

All this testified to the uranial crisis in the art of France the second half of the XIX century. Impressionism was an attempt to find a new way, although it turned out to be for many akin to shock therapy.

Excressionism backgrounds

It cannot be said that impressionism arose in itself. By the time of its first exhibition, many of the participants were already in a mature age, having a long year of learning painting by long years.

The prerequisites for this new current, if desired, can be found from the Masters of the Renaissance of Velasquez, El Greco, Goya, Rubens, Titian, Rembrandt. But the immediate impression on the impressionists had such contemporary artists as Delacroix, Kourbe, Korota, Koro.

The Japanese painting, the exhibitions of which were constantly conducted in Paris on Manera Impressionists. The sophisticated works of Utamaro, hocus, Hiroshig was poeticized every moment of life that it was typical of the Mentality of the East. Simplified form, offset composition, color purity on Japanese engravings conquered young artists and opened up new horizons them.

In addition, the creativity of the Impressionists had the effect of photography. With it, it was possible to make unexpected angles, close-ups, image in motion. The photo has become the art of capturing the moment, this is what was close to artists-innovators. With the advent of photography, it was possible not to follow the accuracy of the image, but to give preference to its internal state, emotional color. Spontaneity has become one of the rules of new painting.

Features of impressionism

Creations of critics were not only to the plots of paintings, but also to the manner of drawing impressionists. She was fundamentally different from the fact that they were taught in the Paris School of Fine Arts.

Impressionists did not adhere to a clear contour, they put the smears casually, without worrying about a thorough drawing of each subject. The paints were mixed immediately on the canvas, achieving the purity of the shade. The perspective was built not by geometrical law, but due to the depth of the colors, the decrease in the color intensity as the subject removal.

They abandoned the contrast image of lighting. From their palette disappeared black, white, gray, brown colors in pure form. Shadows could be green, and blue, and purple, depending on how the artist saw them.

Impressionists widely used an optical mixing technique: the canvas are put on the smear of two colors, which when considering the viewer gives the effect of the third. For example, green and yellow turn into blue, blue and red - in purple, etc.

The plots of paintings were not mythology or historical events, but landscapes, portraits, still lifes - all this was considered a "low" genre. Artists tried to depict nature or subject at a certain point in time, having transferred bright emotion. So there were a series of works when the same motive was depicted, but at different times of the year or day with different lighting. For example, the works of Claude Monet: "Hay Stacks", "Poplar", "Ruran Cathedral", etc.

For this, the impressionists often painted from nature, at the plenier, to accurately capture seen. Academi was the main time in the studio, honing the drawing technique.

This approach did the paintings by more emotional, poetic, gave the opportunity to see the beautiful thing in the most ordinary things, was valued simplicity of moment, every moment of life. An image of ordinary things through the prism of the artist's perception made each picture unique.

History of current

On April 15, 1874, the company from young artists-innovators arranged its exhibition in the cabin of Photographer Felix Nodar on Kapuchin Boulevard in Paris.

The very idea of \u200b\u200ban independent exhibition bypassing the official salon was already the Bunlet, but the picture shown by the public caused even more indignation. After all, they walked against all academic canons and were unlike the idealized works of representatives of popular classicism or romanticism in France.

30 artists and 165 works participated in the exhibition. They included Monet, Renoir, Pisserro, Sisan, Mana, Degas, Cesanne, Berta Morizo. After some time, there will be whole conditions for their paintings, but then a flurry of critics collapsed on the brave. They were accused of clutching, with the aim of attracting the attention of the public, reproached in "rusty", "incompleteness" of work and even in immorality.

Famous critic and journalist Louis Lerua, describing the picture of Claude Monet in a satirical article. "Impression. The rising sun, "will call artists by impressionists (from the French Impression - impression). I myself unaware, he will give a name to whole flow in world painting.

The second exhibition took place two years after the legendary first - in April 1876 it caused even greater rejection of critics and the public. Artists compared with mentally ill. One can only be fed by courage and confidence in their rightness of these bravery, which continued to create, despite the lack of money, in the atmosphere of constant ridicule and bullying.

In March 1875, the auction of the works of Sisley, Monet, Renuara and Berth Morizo \u200b\u200btook place. He passed with a scandal, the audience wrote down the picture presented for sale. Many cloths were sold for a scentual. Some works of artists and their friends had to buy out themselves, just not to give away at a very gift.

However, the impressionists had devotees of fans. They had a gallery party and a collector Paul Durane-Ruele, invariably helped artists in organizing exhibitions and selling paintings. As well as a collector Victor Shoche, who fell in love with the work of impressionists at first glance.

From 1877 to 1886, 6 more exhibitions of impressionists passed in France. All of them, besides the last, were exposed to a squall of criticism and ridicule.

Meanwhile, there were differences among the artists themselves. So, Mane and Renoir took part in the exhibitions of the salon in 1879 and 1880. Their paintings were selected by the constructive jury. Claude Monet also represented his work for the cabin, but his paintings were not accepted. It met the contempt of degas and condemnation of other artists.

In the autumn of 1885, Durane Ruel received an offer to organize an exhibition of impressionists in New York. At first, artists skeptically reacted to this venture. But in March 1886, Durane Ruel left France to America with a collection of pictures of his protege. In the United States, the work of impressionists took care of interest, the exhibition was very popular. The press had both positive feedback and negative. Several paintings managed to sell local collectors.

Meanwhile, disagreements among the impressionists increased. Monet began to swear with Durane Ryulele and sell his paintings through other art dealers. Pissarro and Renoir joined Mona. Conflicted artists and among themselves.

The group of impressionists have once united in the fight against Akademism lost a common idea and ceased to exist.

In the last exhibition in 1886, artists who will be called by postimigressionists are involved. This is Georges Sere and Paul Signac. The wizards as Vincent Van Gogh, Paul Gajan, Henri Matisse, and others also belong to the post-acceptances.

The idea of \u200b\u200bimpressionism has outlived herself, but opened the way another, even more innovative art of the late XIX - early XX century.

Artists-Impressionists

It is impossible to consider impressionism in the separation of the fate of the masters. Consider brief biographies of several artists.

Eduard Mana

Mana was born in 1832 in the respectable family of a lawyer and daughter of the diplomat. In school, the boy was not strong, but he showed interest in drawing. However, parents did not support his passion. Father wanted Eduard to go to his footsteps. Junior helped Uncle, he paid for art courses.

In 1847, a young man decides to enter the nautical school, but fails the exam. As a jungle, he goes on the ship to South America. During the trip, he makes many drawings and sketches.

After returning to France, Eduard decides to engage in painting. He is 6 years old studying in the workshop of Tom Kutur. In parallel, travels in Europe, getting acquainted with art monuments. Among the impressionists, Mane will be considered the most "academic" artist. Creativity of the Masters of Renaissance, he will not rethink in his works. Favorite his painters were Velasquez, Titian, Goya.

Mane has been offering his work to the jury of the cabin many times and invariably receives a refusal. As a result, he participates in the exhibition "Salon of the looting". There, his picture "Breakfast on the grass" caused a big scandal. In the same 1863, the artist wrote another his booty picture of Olympia. Mana invariably turned out under the squall of criticism. On the defense of the artist, his friend Emil Zola got up. Another close companion was Charles Baudelaire.

In 1866, Manne came out with impressionists, as rejected academicians. He himself never rank herself. He used his black color in his palette and did not recognize the Drawing aklinist manner. But it was Eduard Mana that is considered the hedge of impressionism.

Mana, not accepting Academism, nevertheless, invariably sent his work in the salon. He was seriously worried about the refusals and indifference of the audience to their work. The artist writes many portraits and genre scenes, his palette is not so cheerful, like the rest of the impressionists. He also works at the plenier and draws still life.

By the end of the 70s, the work of Eduard Mana gradually acquires recognition. His works are exhibited in the salons, on one he will even get a medal. In 1881, Manne will hand the Order of the Honorary Legion. By this time the artist was already sick ataxia (lack of consistency of movements). He could no longer draw large canvas.

In 1883, Manne amputated to the leg due to gangrenes, but the operation did not help. After a few months, the artist died.

Claude Monet

Claude Monet was born in 1840 in the family of Grocery trader. The boy became famous in his native hav, thanks to drawing cartoons and cartoons. At 17, the fate brought him to the artist Eugene Buden. Budywa took a young monna with himself to the plenuir and instilled his love for painting.

In 1859, Claude goes to Paris. He starts studying at the Suis Academy, and then takes lessons from Charles Gleira. In 1865, Monte is exhibited in the cabin. His works are perceived quite favorably. Then he meets his future wife Camilla.

Monet with Renoir and other impressionists often travels to the captivity, drawing landscapes captures it all more.

In 1870, Monet leaves to London. In England, he meets the Paul Durane Ruelem. After 2 years, returning to France, Monet settles in Argene. For 4 years, the Monte has written many works in this cozy place.

In 1874, Claude Monet participates in the first exhibition of impressionists. His paintings were criticized as the work of the rest of the participants.

In 1878, the Monet family settles in the town of Vitue. There he creates many paintings. But in a year, his wife Camilla dies. For a while, killed by Grief Monet refuses landscapes, drawing a still-life workshop.

In 1883, Monte finally finds a place where 40 years will live. This place is the house in the givernie. The new owner breaks a wonderful garden there and will make a famous pond that will not be tired at sunset days.

In 1892, Claude Monet takes a widow of his friend Alisa Oshda.

Monet draws a series of works, depicting the same view at different times of the year and day, with different lighting. There are quite a lot of such series: "Stack of Sena", "Poplar", "Pond with water lily", "Ruran Cathedral" and others. Claude Monet is virtuoser in the transfer of different color shades, it depicts an ambiguous moment through the prism of his perception. His canvas are successful, they are happy to buy collectors, including outside France.

All his life Monet wrote nature. By the end of his life, he focused on his garden in the giver, who turned into another work of art. The master tirelessly writes his types: flowers, shady alleys and a famous pond. In 1919, Monet gives the state of 12 large paintings from the Nymfei series. For them allocated two pavilions in the Oranger Museum.

Meanwhile, the artist began to blind. Having survived the eye operation in 1925, he was able to return to work. Claude Monet died in 1926, while still becoming a classic. He not only was the founder of impressionism, but also the predecessor of abstract art, ahead of his time and opening a whole era of his work.

Auguste Renoir

Augusted was born in a large familiar family in 1841. Being a teenager was engaged in painting dishes. In 1862 he entered the school of fine arts, as widely attended the lessons from Charles Gleira. In 1864, his paintings approve to participate in the cabin. Together with the Impressionists of Renoir goes to the plenu. The artist appears its unique handwriting - bold wide strokes, a cheerful game of light and colors.

After the first exhibition of Impressionists, Renoir underwent a merciless criticism. Subsequently, he participated in 3 exhibitions. In 1879, exhibited in the cabin, despite the reproaches of friends. His picture "Madame Sharpate with children" received recognition, and the artist's affairs went to the mountain. He began to give orders for portraits provided by citizens. Renuar was especially successful for female images, he wrote a lot of children's portraits. They feel special heat and ease.

The 1870-80s are the flourishing of artist's creativity. He writes complex large canvas with many heroes. To this period include its famous paintings "Ball in Moulin de La Gaette", "breakfast of rowers". Renoir believed that painting should decorate the lives of people. His art was bright, sincere, sunny, like France itself.

In 1890, he marries his model Alina Sharigo, they will have three children. In 1881, Renoir rides in Italy. Returning, he changes the style of painting, on a more "academic". This period includes pictures of "umbrellas", "big swimsters". Renoir paid a lot of attention naked nature. Returning to the principles of impressionism, he writes a series of paintings with swimsters - ODU women's beauty and grace.

Renoir, unlike many impressionists, a recognition was honored during his lifetime. His critics praised, he had a lot of customers, the paintings were well bought. In old age, Renoir suffered from arthritis. He wrote, tieting a brush to disfigured rheumatism. "The pain passes, and the beauty remains," the artist said. Auguste Renoir died in 1919 from the lung disease.

Camille Pisserro

Born on the island of St. Thomas in the Caribbean in 1831. In the age of 25, he moved to France, to Paris, he studied at Suisa and Coro. Participated in the "outcast salon". At the same time, he met Mana, Cezanne, Monet, sisyla. Pissarro wrote landscapes, paying a lot of attention to lighting objects. In 1868, exhibited in the cabin. Next year, due to the beginning of the war, it was forced to leave to London. There, Pissarro met his friend Claude Monet. Together they went to the captivity, studying the nature of England.

Upon returning to France, Camille Pissarro settles in Pontoise. In 1872, Cesann with his family arrives. Artists become inseparable friends. And in 1881, Paul Gauguen joins them. Pissarro willingly helped young artists, shared with them his experience. He called for not paying a lot of attention to the drawing of the objects, the main thing is to pass the essence. You need to write what you see and feel, not focusing on the accuracy of the equipment. Only Nature can be a teacher with whom you should always be advised.

During his life in Pontoise, Pissarro was able to work out his special painting manner. The artist lived there for 10 years. He often applied to the plots from rural life. His works are filled with light and lyrics.

However, Pissarro's canvases were sold poorly, and it was difficult for him to provide his large family. In 1884, the artist settled in the village of Euras, occasionally visiting Paris in the hope of selling his paintings or to find a patron. In such a person, Paul Durane Ruele became the secretal right to redeem the work of the master.

In 1885, Camille Pissarro decides to join the post-acceptances of George Sere and the Xinyak field, he tries a new direction - Pointelism. Because of the participation of sulfur and Xinyak at the eighth exhibition of Impressionists, Pissarro quarrels with Monte, Renoir, sisyl. As a result, Pissarro with his new friends was exhibited in a separate room. However, the audience did not appreciate the new direction.

In 1889, Pissarro refuses Pointertism and returns to his old manner. Painting points could not satisfy his desire to transfer the viability and freshness of the inner sensation. His paintings start buying again. Durane Ruele organizes several artist's exhibitions.

In recent years, Pissarro has seriously carried away graphics, lithography and etching. The artist died in Paris in 73 years. In life, he did not receive awards from the state. Pissarro always helped young artists and tried to reconcile warrant Impressionists. He was the only one participated in all their exhibitions.

Edgar Degas

Degi was born in 1834. The father-banker with difficulty gave the permission of Edgar to the training of painting. At 21 A young man entered the school of graceful arts. In 1865, the picture of the degiousness of the "scene from the life of the Middle Ages" approve for the exhibition in the cabin. Acquaintance with impressionists is changing the worldview of the artist. He departs from Academism. Degi gives preference to genre painting, portraying the surrounding ordinary people.

Starting from the 1870s, degius tries to write pastels. This material came to the artist in the soul, because I united painting with graphics. The degi style was different from the rest of the impressionists who put the light in the first place. In addition, the degi did not go to the plenier, preferring to make sketches in a cafe, on races, in stores. He tried to express expression through a line and drawing, which did not always find an understanding of other impressionists.

Degi always took an active part in the organization of exhibitions of impressionists in France. He missed only one of them in ideological reasons. However, he himself did not consider himself an impressionist.

Dega works are not as joyful as the paintings by his comrades. Often he portrayed life without sticks, as in the painting "Absinthe lovers".

Around the dagie gathered his circle of young artists - Vidal, Cassette, Rafaelli, Tilla, Forene, and others. It made a split into the society of impressionists and led to an inevitable conflict and, in the end, to the collapse of the partnership.

In the 1880s, the degas creates a series of works: "In the store of hats", "naked women behind the toilet". The last series of pastels caused indignation of the public, since women were portrayed realistically, in intimate form for everyday classes.

A series of "jumps" and "dancers" allowed the artist to pass the drawing in motion. The topic of the ballet was close to Degas. No one, as he, could not convey the essence of the dance. Edgar drew fragile dancers on stage and behind the scenes. He often did the drawings in the studio, which was also unusual to impressionists.

DEGA did not create a family. He was famous for his difficult, non-advisory character. His only passion was the art with which he devoted all his time.

After 1890, the degius suffers from the eye and partly loses his eyesight. Master appeals to sculpture. He looked out of clay and wax dancers and horses, but many of his figurines were subsequently died due to the fragility of the material. However, 150 works remaining after the death of the artist, managed to translate to bronze.

Recent years, Degas spent blind. It was a big tragedy for him. Edgar Dega died in 1917 in Paris, leaving behind a big heritage in the form of drawings, paintings, sculptures.

Based on the stories of the life of artists, it can be seen that impressionism has many faces. At one time he became a revolution in the art of France and the whole world, opening the opportunity for the emergence of many new directions. But one united all impressionists. This is the desire for the image of a fragile, elusive beauty of moments, of which life is built.

Everything takes their origins somewhere in the past, including painting changed together with times, and the current flows are not clear to everyone. But all new is well forgotten old, and to understand the current painting, you do not need to know the history of art from ancient times, it is enough just to remember the painting of the XIX and XX centuries.

The middle of the XIX century is the time of change not only in history, but also art. All that was before: Classicism, Romanticism and More More Academism - currents limited to certain frameworks. In France, the 50-60s, the trend in painting asked the official salon, but the typical "salon" art suited not all, it explained the new directions that appeared. In painting of that time, a revolutionary explosion occurred, which broke with age-old traditions and stood. And one of the epicenters became Paris, where in the spring of 1874, young painter artists, among whom were Monet, Pissaro, Sisan, Degas, Renoir and Cesan, organized their own exhibition. The works presented there completely differed from the salon. Artists used another method - reflexes, shadows and light were transferred to clean paints, separate strokes, the shape of each subject seemed to dissolve in the air-light medium. No other directions in painting knew such methods. These effects helped maximize their impressions from forever changing things, nature, people. One journalist called the group "Impressionists", thereby wanted to show his disregard for young artists. But they accepted this term, and he eventually got involved and entered the active use, having lost a negative meaning. So Impressionism appeared, unlike all other destinations in the painting of the 19th century.

At first, the reaction to the innovation was more than hostile. Nobody wanted to buy too bold and new painting, and they were afraid, because all the critics did not accept Impressionists seriously, laughed at them. Many said that artists-Impressionists wanted to achieve quick glory, they were not satisfied with a sharp gap with conservatism and academism, as well as unfinished and "sloppy" type of work. But the artists could not give up his beliefs even hunger and poverty, and they showed perseverance until their paintings were finally recognized. But waiting for recognition had to be too long, some artists-Impressionists were no longer alive.

As a result, the current in Paris during the 60s was of great importance for the development of world art of the XIX and XX centuries. After all, future directions in painting were repelled precisely from impressionism. Each subsequent style appeared in search of a new one. Postpressionism gave rise to the same impressionists who decided that their method is limited: a deep and multivalued symbolism was a response to painting, "lost meaning", and modernity even calls for a new one. Of course, since 1874, many changes occurred in art, but all modern directions in painting are somehow repelled from the fleeting Paris Impression.

Impressionism (Impressionism, Franz. Impression - the impression) is a direction in painting, originated in France in the 1860s. and largely determined the development of the art of the 19th century. The central figures of this direction were Cezanne, Degas, Mane, Monet, Pissarro, Renoir and Sisley, and the contribution of each of them is unique in its development. Impressionists opposed the conventions of classicism, romanticism and academism, they argued the beauty of everyday reality, simple, democratic motives, achieved the lively authenticity of the image, tried to catch a "impression" from what the eye sees at a particular point.

The most typical for impressionists the topic is a landscape, however, they affected their work and many other topics. Degi, for example, portrayed jumps, ballerinas and laundry, and Renoir - charming women and children. In the impressionistic landscapes created in the open air, a simple, domestic motive is often transformed by the all-permissive moving light that makes a festive feeling in the picture. In some applications of imprintsionist construction of the composition and space, the influence of Japanese engravings and partly the photograph. Impressionists first created a multifaceted picture of the daily life of the modern city, captured the peculiarity of his landscape and the appearance of the people inhabiting his people, their life, labor and entertainment.

Impressionists did not strive to affect acute social problems, philosophy or shocking in creativity, focusing only in various ways of expressing the impression of surrounding everyday life. In an effort to see a moment and reflect the mood.

Name " Impressionism"It arose after the exhibition of 1874 in Paris, on which the picture of Monet was exposed." Impression. Ascending Sun "(1872; the picture in 1985 was stolen from the Museum Marmottan in Paris and today is listed in the Lists of Interpol).

More than seven impressionist exhibitions were held between 1876 and 1886; Upon completion of the last, only Monet continued to strictly follow the ideals of impressionism. "Impressionists" are also called artists outside of France, who wrote under the influence of French impressionism (for example, the Englishman F.O. Styr).

Artists Impressionism

Famous paintings of IMDS Impressionism:

Edgar Degas

Claude Monet

It is believed that painting in impressionism takes not such an important place. But impressionism in painting is opposite. The statement is very paradoxical and controversial. But it is only for the first, superficial look.

Perhaps that the entire millennium existence in the arsenal of mankind of artistic visual art is nothing more than new, revolutionary. Impressionism is in any modern artistic canvas. It can be clearly seen in the frames of the film of the famous Matra, and among the gloss of the Lady magazine. He penetrated music and books. But once it was all otherwise.

The origins of impressionism

In 1901, in France, in the Kombarel cave, accidentally discovered rock paintings, the youngest of which had 15,000 years. And it was the first impressionism in painting. Because the primitive artist did not put the goal of reading the viewer Moral. He just painted that life that surrounded him.

And then this method forgot for many, many years. Humanity has invented other and the transfer of emotions by the visual method ceased to be a topical one for him.

In some ways, ancient Romans were close to impressionism. But the part of their efforts fell as asleep ashes. And there, where Vesuviwi did not reach, barbarians came.

Painting has been preserved, but began to illustrate texts, messages, messages, knowledge. She stopped being a feeling. She became a parable, explanation, history. Look at tapestry from Baye. He is beautiful and priceless. But this is not a picture. It is seventy meters of a flax comic.

Painting in impressionism: the beginning

Slowly and greatly developed painting in the world for thousands of years. New paints and techniques appeared. Artists have learned the importance of perspective and the effect of the effects of a colorful hand drawn message on the human mind. Painting has become academic science and acquired all the features of monumental art. She became harsh, prim and moderately pathetic. At the same time, honed and unshakable, as a canonical religious postulate.

The source of plots for paintings served religious parables, literature, staged genre scenes. The smears were small, invisible. The lesser was introduced into the rank of dogma. And the art of drawing in the foreseeable future promised to blame as a primitive forest.

Life has changed, technology has been developing rapidly, and only artists continued to stamp the prim portraits and the united sketches of country parks. This state of affairs has arranged not all. But the inertness of the consciousness of society was with difficulty at all times.

However, the XIX century had already stood on the courtyard, which had long been over the second half. The processes in society, which previously occupied the century, now occurred in the eyes of one generation. Industry, medicine, economics, literature, society itself were rapidly developed rapidly. This was where painting was shown in impressionism.

Happy Birthday! Impressionism in painting: paintings

Impressionism in painting, like the paintings, has accurate dating of its birth - 1863. And his appearance on the light did not cost without curiosities.

The center of world art then definitely was Paris. In it, large Paris Salons were held every year - world exhibitions and sales of picturesque canvases. The jury, which launched work for the salons, was mired in small internal intrigues, worthless squabbles and stubbornly focused on the senile tastes of the then academies. As a result, new, bright artists did not fall into the exhibition in the salon, whose talent did not match the Zaradnoye Academic Dogmam. In the selection of the exhibition participants in 1863, over 60% of applications were rejected. These are thousands of painters. I called the scandal.

Emperor galleryist

And the scandal broke out. The inability to exhibit deprived the livelihood and closed access to the general public to the huge number of artists. Among them are the names known to the world: Monet and Mana, Renoir and Pisarro.

It is clear that it was not satisfied. And there has been big noise in the press. It turned out to be that on April 22, 1863, the Paris Salon visited Napoleon III and in addition to the exposure, it was purposefully examined by some of the rejected work. And did not find anything reprehensible in them. And even made this statement in the press. Therefore, in parallel to the Big Paris Salon, an alternative exhibition of paintings was opened with works, rejected by the jury of the cabin. In history, she entered the name "Exhibition of Molders".

So, on April 22, 1863, it can be considered the birthday of all modern art. Art that has become independent of literature, music and religion. Moreover: painting itself began to dictate their conditions to writers and composers, to get rid of subordinate roles for the first time.

Representatives of impressionism

When we are talking about impressionism, I mean primarily impressionism in painting. Representatives are numerous and multifaceted. It is enough to name the most famous: Degas, Renouan, Pizarro, Cezanne, Morizo, Lepic, Lepher, Gauguin, Renoir, Tilo, Foreland and many, many others. Impressionists first set the task to catch not just a static picture of life, but snatch feeling, emotion, inner experience. It was an instant cut, the high-speed photograph of the world of the inner, world emotional.

From here, new contrasts and colors, who have not used in painting. Hence large, bold strokes and a constant search for new forms. There is no former clarity and sustainability. The picture is blurred and fleeting, as a mood of a person. This is not a story. These are the feelings visible to the eye. Look at them all are slightly torn off on a half-word, slightly fleeting. These are not paintings. These are sketches brought to ingenious perfection.

The appearance of postpressionism

It is the desire for the first plan to bring the feeling, and not frozen a temporary fragment, and it was for that time revolutionary, innovative. And then it remained only one step before postmingnessism - the flow of art that was not emotion to the first roles, but patterns. More precisely, the transmission by the artist of his inner, personal reality. This is an attempt to tell not about the outdoor world, but about the inner way, as the artist sees the world. perception.

Impressionism and postpressionism in painting are very close. And the division itself is very conditional. Both currents are close in time, and the authors themselves, often the same, as a rule, passed from one manner to another quite freely.

And yet. Look at the work of impressionists. Some unnatural colors. The world is familiar to us, but at the same time a little invented. This is how the artist saw him. He does not give us nature, modern to him. He just takes his soul a little for us. The soul of Bonnar and Toulouse-Lotrek, Van Gogh and Denis, Gaugugen and sulfur.

Russian Impressionism

The experience of impressionism, who captured the whole world, did not leave and Russia. Meanwhile, in our country, habitual to more measured life, not understanding the bustle and the desire of Paris, impressionism could not get rid of academity. He is exactly the bird that rushing on the takeoff, but frozen at half the way into the sky.

Impressionism in Russian painting did not receive the dynamicity of the French brush. But it became acquired a dressed semantic dominant, which made it a bright, somewhat separate phenomenon in world art.

Impressionism is a feeling expressed in the form of a picture. He does not educate, does not require. He claims.

Impressionism served as a starting point for modern and expressionism, constructivism and avant-garde. All contemporary art, in essence, began its report from the far on April 20, 1863. Painting in impressionism - art born in Paris.

Impressionism is a direction in painting, originated in France in the XIX-XX centuries, which is an artistic attempt to capture any time in all its variability and mobility. The pictures of impressionists as if qualitatively washed photograph, reviving the continuation of the story seen in fantasy. In this article we will look at the 10 most famous Impressionists of the world. Fortunately, talented artists are much more than ten, twenty or even a hundred, so let's focus on those names that you need to know.

In order not to offend neither artists or their admirers, the list is given in Russian alphabetical order.

1. Alfred Sisley

This French painter of English origin is considered the most famous landscape of the second half of the XIX century. In his collection there are more than 900 paintings, of which the most famous "rural alley", "frost in Luveseyne", "Bridge in Argentee", "Early snow in Luvurezenne", "lawn in spring", and many others.

2. Van Gogh.

Famous to the whole world a sad story about his ear (by the way, he cut off all the ear, but only a lobe), Wang Gon became popular only after his death. And for life was able to sell one-sole picture, 4 months before death. They say he was both an entrepreneur, and a priest, but often fell into psychiatric hospitals due to depression, so all the rebels of its existence resulted in the legendary works.

3. Camille Pissarro

Pissarro was born on the island of St. Thomas, in the family of bourgeois Jews, and was one of the few impressionists, whose parents encouraged his passion and soon sent to Paris for training. Most of all, the artist had to taste Nature, he also depicted her in all colors, and if I say more precisely, Pissarro had a special talent to select the softness of flowers, the compatibility, after which the air appeared in the pictures.

4. Claude Monet

Since childhood, the guinea decided that he would become an artist, despite the bans of the family. Alone moved to Paris, Claude Monet plunged into the gray weekdays of hard life: two years in the service in the armed forces in Algeria, litigation with creditors due to poverty, illness. However, it seems that difficulties did not oppress, but on the contrary, inspired the artist to create such bright paintings as "the impression, the sunrise", the "parliament building in London", "Bridge to Europe", "Autumn in Argenthe", "on the shore Truvillie, "and many others.

5. Konstantin Korovin

It is nice to know that among the French, Impressionism parents, you can proudly put our compatriot - Konstantin Korovina. Passionate love for nature helped him intuitively attach a static picture of a static picture, thanks to the combination of suitable paints, the width of the smears, the choice of theme. It is impossible to pass by his paintings "Pier in Gurzuf", "Fish, wine and fruit", "Autumn landscape", "Moonlight. Winter and a series of his works dedicated to Paris.

6. Paul Gogen

Until 26 years old Paul Gauguin and did not think about painting. He was an entrepreneur and had a big family. However, when I first saw the pictures of Camille Pissarro, I decided that it would certainly be drawing. Over time, the style of the artist changed, but the most famous impressionistic paintings are "the garden in the snow", "at the cliff", "on the beach in Dieppe", "nude", "Palm trees on Martinique" and others.

7. Paul Cesanne

Cezanne, unlike most of his colleagues, became known for life. He managed to organize his own exhibition and cut out considerable incomes from it. People knew the lot in his paintings - he, as no one learned to combine the game of light and shadows, made a loud emphasis on the right and improper geometric forms, the strictness of the subject of his paintings was harmony with romance.

8. Pierre Auguste Renoir

Until 20 years, Renoir worked as a decorator of fans from her older brother, and only then moved to Paris, where he met Monet, basal and sispel. This acquaintance helped him in the future to become an impressionism on the road and become famous for her. Renoir is known as the author of the sentimental portrait, among its most prominent works - "on the terrace", "Walk", "Portrait of an actress Zhanna Samari", "Lodge", "Alfred Sisley and his wife", "on a swing", "Floor" and a lot others.

9. Edgar Degas

If you have not heard anything about the "blue dancers", "ballet rehearsal", "ballet school" and "absinthe" - hurry to learn more about the work of Edgar Degi. Selection of original colors, unique topics for paintings, the feeling of movement of the picture - all this and much more made a degass one of the most famous artists.

10. Eduard Mana

Do not confuse Mane with Monet - these are two different people who worked at one time and in one artistic direction. Mana always attracted a domestic scene, unusual appearance and type, as if accidentally "caught" moments were subsequently imprisoned for centuries. Among famous paintings Manne: Olympia, "Breakfast on the grass", "Bar in Foli-Berger, Fleutist," Nana "and others.

If you have at least the slightest opportunity to see the paintings of these masters live - you will forever fall in love with impressionism!