Igor Fedorovich Stravinsky. Creative way

Igor Stravinsky was born on 05.06.1882 (under Art.) In Oranienbaum (now Lomonosov) under St. Petersburg, and died on 04/06/1971 in New York. Stravinsky is a composer of Russian origin, whose creativity had a revolutionary impact on the musical environment directly before and after the First World War. His writings remained the standard of modernism for most of its long creative life.

Igor Stravinsky: a brief biography of the early period

The composer's father was one of the leading Russian opera bass of his time, and a mixture of music, theater and literature in the family had an undoubted impact on Igor. However, his abilities did not appear immediately. In childhood, he took the lessons of playing the piano and the theory of music. But then Stravinsky studied the right and philosophy at the University of St. Petersburg (graduated from 1905) and only gradually realized his calling. In 1902, he showed some of his early works to the composer Roman Corsakov, whose son Vladimir also studied at the Faculty of Law. He was quite impressed to agree to take Stravinsky to his students, at the same time advising him not to enter a conservatory for ordinary academic preparation.

Roman Korsakov basically taught Igor Orchestra and performed as a mentor who was discussing every new job. He also used his influence so that the music of the student was executed. Several student work of Stravinsky sounded at the weekly collections of the Roman Corsakov class, and the two works for the orchestra - the symphony of the Mi-Bf Major and the cycle of songs on the words of Alexander Pushkin "Favn and Cowlushka" - were played by the court orchestra in the year of the death of his teacher (1908) . In February 1909, a short, but brilliant orchestral scherzo was performed in St. Petersburg. At the concert, Impresario Sergey Dyagilev was present, which was so impressed by the prospects of the Stravian composer, which quickly ordered orchestral arrangements for Russian ballet in Paris.

Stravinsky Igor Fedorovich: Composer biography, young years

By the 1910 season, the entrepreneur appealed to the composer again, this time to create musical accompaniment of the new ballet "Firebird". The premiere of the ballet took place in Paris 06/25/1910. His stunning success glorified Stravinsky as one of the most gifted representatives of the young generation of composers. The essay showed how fully the orchestral palette and the bright romanticism of his teacher were learned. "Fire-Bird" was the beginning of a series of fruitful cooperation of Stravinsky and Dyagilev troupe. The following year, the Russian season opened on June 13 ballet "Parsley" with Vaclav Nizhinsky in the lead role and musical score of the talented composer. Meanwhile, he conceived to write a kind of symphony pagan ritual called the "Great Victim".

The work that Igor Stravinsky wrote, "Spring sacred", saw the light in the theater on the Champs Elysees 29.03.1913 and provoked one of the most famous unrest in the history of the theater. Restricted by the unusual dance of Nizhinsky, many-valued choreography, creative and bold music, the audience was welcomed, protested and argued between themselves during execution, creating such a hum that the dancers did not hear the orchestra. This original composition, with its displaced and bold rhythms and unresolved dissonances, became an early milestone of modernism. From this point on, Igor Stravinsky became known as the Spring Composer Sacred and Destructive Modernist. But he himself has already moved away from such post-romantic delights, and world events of the next few years only accelerated this process.

Voluntary emigration

Stravinsky's successes in Paris caused he left St. Petersburg. In 1906, he married his cousin Ekaterina Nosenko and after the premiere of "Fire-Birds" in 1910 transported her and his two children to France. The beginning of the war in 1914 seriously affected the "Russian seasons" in Western Europe, and Stravinsky could no longer rely on this troupe as a permanent customer of his new compositions. War also caused the move to Switzerland, where he and his family regularly spent the winter months, and it was there he spent most of the war. The October Revolution of 1917 in Russia finally deprived Stravinsky hopes to return to his native land.

Russian period

By 1914, the composer Igor Stravinsky had already created more restrained and ascetic, although no less rhythmic music. His creativity in the following years was filled with short tool and vocal works, based on Russian folk songs and fairy tales, as well as on the regtext and other styles of the Western pop and dance. He expanded some of these experiments to the level of large-scale theatrical productions.

Ballet Cantatant "Wedding" Stravinsky began to create in 1914, but completed only in 1923, after several years of uncertainty in relation to its instrumentation, based on rustic wedding songs of Russia. Baik-Pantomimima in the renards (1916) is written on the reasons of folk fairy tales, while the "History of the Soldier" (1918), speech mixing, facial expressions and dance, accompanied by seven instruments, eclectically incorporates Right, Tango and other modern musical The language in the sequence of particularly bold instrumental movements.

After the first global Russian Stravinsky style began to fade, but he made another masterpiece - "Symphony for the wind" (1920).

Transformation style

The first mature works of Igor Stravinsky - from the Spring Spring in 1913 to the "Symphony for Wind" in the 1920s - use a tone based on Russian sources and are characterized by very complex sensations due to an irregular meter and syncop and shiny orchestration skills. But voluntary expulsion from Russia prompted the composer to revise its aesthetic positions, and as a result, an important change occurred in his work - he refused the national flavor of his early style and moved to neoclassicism.

The works of the following 30 years are repelled, as a rule, from the old European music of a particular composer, a baroque or any other historical style, in order to in their own way and unconventional interpretation, which, nevertheless, for the most complete impact on the listeners, demanded from the last knowledge of the Borrowed Stravian material.

The period of neoclassicism

The composer left Switzerland in 1920 and lived in France until 1939, spending a lot of time in Paris. He adopted French citizenship in 1934. Having lost its property in Russia during the revolution, Stravinsky was forced to earn a living as a performer, and many works written by him in 1920-1930 were intended for their own use of both a pianist and conductor. His instrumental essays began 1920. Include "Ocet for the wind" (1923), "Sonata for Piano" (1924), "Concerto for Piano and Wind" (1924) and "Serenad for Piano" (1925). These works unites the neoclassical approach to style with the lines of lines and texture. Although the dry sophistication of this approach softens in such later instrumental work as "a concert for violin with the orchestra of D Major" (1931), "Concert for 2 Piano Solo" (1932-1935) and the "violin concert Mi-Beleol for 16 winds" (1938), a certain cold separation remained.

Appeal to religion

In 1926, Igor Stravinsky experienced a spiritual transformation that had a noticeable impact on his stage and vocal music. Religious stress can be detected in such major writings as the opera oratorio "Tsar Edip" (1927) with Libretto in Latin, Cantata "Symphony of Psalms" (1930), a religious work based on biblical texts is open. Religious motifs are also manifested in Persephone ballet (1934) and Apollo Musaget (1928). During this period, national motives were periodically returned to the work of Stravinsky: the ballet "Fairy kiss" (1928) is based on the music of Tchaikovsky and "Symphony of Psalms", despite Latin, based on the asceticism of the Orthodox manner.

Work and Personal Tragedy

At the end of the Communication War, a composer with Dyagilev and "Russian Seasons" were resumed, but at a much lower level. "Pulcinell" (1920) is the only ballet of Igor Stravinsky, who entrepreneur ordered during this period. "Apollo Musaget", the last ballet of the composer, delivered by Dyagilev, saw the light in 1928, a year before the death of the entrepreneur and the decay of his troupe.

In 1936, Stravinsky writes his autobiography. However, as for six later options written in collaboration with Robert Kraft, a young American conductor and scientists who worked with him since 1948, it is completely impossible to rely on it.

In 1938, the eldest daughter of Stravinsky died from tuberculosis. This was followed by the death of his wife and mother in 1939, a few months before the beginning of World War II.

Marriage and moving to the USA

In early 1940, he married the Belief de Bosse, with which he was familiar for many years. In the autumn of 1939, Stravinsky visited the United States to read Lectures on Charles Eliote Norton at Harvard University (published in 1942 called "Poetics of Music"), and in 1940 he and his new wife were finally moved to Hollywood (California) . They received US citizenship in 1945.

Creativity in the United States

In the years of World War Igor Stravinsky composed two important works: "Symphony in C" (1938-1940) and "Symphony in 3 movements" (1942-1945). The first is neoclassicism in a symphonic form, and the second successfully combines the last elements of the concert. From 1948 to 1951, Stravinsky worked on his only opera of the "adherence of the Hard", a neoclassical essay, based on a series of moral artists of the XVIII century English artist William Hogart. This is a parody-serious stylization of the Grand Opera of the late XVIII century, but nevertheless endowed with the authentic author of the brilliance, wit and sophistication.

Serial period

The success of these late compositions hides a creative crisis in music that Igor Stravinsky experienced. His biography was on the threshold of a new period marked by creating wonderful works. After World War II, an avant-garde emerged in Europe, rejected neoclassicism and declared the commitment of serial 12-tone techniques of Viennese composers, such as Arnold Schönberg, Alban Berg and Anton von Webern. This music is based on repeating the sequence of sounds in an arbitrary, but fixed order without regard to traditional tonality.

According to Kraft, who visited the Stravian house in 1948 and remained his close friend to death, the realization that he was considered creatively exhausted, plunged the composer into a major creative depression, from which he with the help of Kraft came to the phase of serial technology in a purely individual His manner. Behind the series of caution and experimental work ("Cantata", "Septhet", "Memory of Dilan Thomas") followed hybrid masterpieces: Ballet "Agon" (1957) and choral work of Canticum Sacrum (1955), which are only partially atonal. This, in turn, led to the choral work of Threni (1958) dedicated to the Biblical Book of "Plachy Jeremiah", in which the strict 12-tone method of the composition applies to monotonous singing, resembling such early choral works of Igor Stravinsky as "wedding" and " Symphony of psalms. "

In the "movements" for piano with orchestra (1959) and orchestral "variations" (1964), he comes even further, pursuing various arcane techniques in support of intensive and economical music with fragile diamond gloss. The atonal work of Stravinsky, as a rule, is much shorter than its tonal works, but have a more dense musical content.

Last years

Full-scale creative work continued until 1966, despite the stroke, which in 1956 suffered Igor Stravinsky. The biography of the composer was marked by the creation of its last major work - Requiem Canticles (1966), deeply exciting adaptation of modern serial techniques at an angle of personal creative vision, which was deeply rooted in the Russian past. This work was evidence of the amazing creative energy of Stravinsky, which was already 84 years old.

Composer in cinema

In the Cannes Film Festival in 2009, Jan Kunen's tape "Coco Chanel and Igor Stravinski" was shown. According to the plot, the French fashion designer got acquainted with the composer on the scandalous premiere of Spring sacred. Coco Chanel Igor Stravinsky was impressed personally, and his music.

Seven years later, they met again. Although her business flourished, she mourned the death of Kaipela's lover. Chanel invited the composer with his family to live on her villa near Paris. Igor Stravinsky and Coco loved each other. Relations between lovers and legitimate spouse are glowing. As a result, the Frenchwoman, together with the perfumer Ernest Bo, creates its famous spirits "Chanel number 5", and the composer begins to create in a new, more free style. He rewrites the Sacred Spring, which this time expects artistic triumph and universal recognition.

Stravinsky worked in almost all existing genres: it is opera, ballet, chamber-instrumental and chamber-vocal music, symphony, vocal symphonic music, instrumental concert. In different periods of creativity, the picture of the genres changed. In the early period (until 1908), the choice of genres was not independent, he dictated to the imitation of the teacher. From 1909 to 1913, an exceptional position occupied the ballet. Later, from the 10s, other genres of the musical theater are put forward. In the neoclassicist period, along with ballet and opera, instrumental writings play a prominent role. During the years before World War II, and during its Stravinsky appeals to the Symphony, which reflects the general aspiration to the concept Simphonism, which is characteristic of those years for the leading composers of Europe - Oneguger, Barthok, Hindemete, Shostakovich, Prokofiev. In the late period of its creativity, cantal-oratorical writings prevail.

Special place in the legacy of the author "Parsley" occupies musical Theatre. Stravinsky is generally distinguished by the bright theatricalness of thinking, which affects the gesture of the gesture and plastic "intonations", in the sound characteristic, sense of stage time, changes in the degree of action. Specific visual images often led the imagination of the composer. Stravinsky loved to see the playing orchestra (it was not enough for him to hear), while he enjoyed the peculiar "instrumental theater."

His own music theater combines tendencies coming from Russian folklore - the playful fairy tales, squamous acts, games, rite, doll theater - and at the same time reflects the receptions of the Comedy del Arte, Operas-Seria and Opera-Buffa, Medieval Mysteries and the Japanese Kabuki Theater . He takes into account the theater aesthetics of the "World Peace", Meyerhold, Craga, Rainhardt, Brecht. The Theater of Stravinsky in nature is sharply different from the Chekhov-Ibsenov "Experience theater". His nature is different. This show theater, presentation, theater conditional, only at times, as a special reception that allows open experience. That is why Stravinsky sharply (up to injustice) rejects versions, as well as the Wagner Theater.

Stravinsky appeals to various scenes in its origins and nature: a fairy tale ("fire-bird", "nightingale", "bike", "Tale of a soldier"), rite ("Spring Sacred", "Wedding"), ancient Greek myth (" Tsar Edip "," Orpheus "," Persephone "," Apollo Musaget "), plots connecting reality and fiction (" Petrushka "," Breakfasts of Hangs "," Kiss Fairy "). You can designate the topics passing through his musical theater: a person in the cycle of the forces of nature, man and rock, man and temptation.

Stravinsky worked a lot in instrumental genres. His Peru belongs to symphonies, concerts for soling tools (piano and violin) with orchestra and concerts for the orchestra, chamber instrumental music, works for solo tools - almost exclusively for piano, which really appreciated Stravinsky, using it and as a solo tool, and in The composition of the orchestra, and in ensembles. Almost all the instrumental works of the composer were written after 1923, that is, starting from the neoclassicist period of creativity. And here it is necessary to say about the peculiarities of his instrumental thinking, manifested in different genres, not only instrumental. This is, above all, about concertness as a radical property of the musical thinking of Stravinsky. In this case, this term (derived from Concertare, which means competition, rivalry, as well as consent) indicates not to oppose the soloist Orchestra, typical of the concert of the Romantic Epoch, but on the principle of development through instrumental dialogues and comparison of sound volumes. Such an understanding comes from the Baroque era (from Handel, Bach, Vivaldi), and at the same time it is not just a restoration of the baroque principles. The introduction and development of concertness moved the possibility of a sonate form and a seen cycle, contributed to the individualization of the tools.

For the first time with this principle, Stravinsky got in touch in the "Faiport of Soldiers" (1918) and "Pulchinell" (1919). Found there He secured in Octet (1923). The principle of concert is manifested in all subsequent compositions of the composer. He fully approved in concerts, penetrates the ensemble writings, interacts with symphonic thinking in symphony.

Vocal creativity Stravinsky includes chamber compositions - for voice from piano, voices and chamber ensemble or orchestra - and essay vocal symphonic. The first is relatively few, they are unevenly distributed throughout the creative path, although their value in some periods is very important; The emergence of the second first seems no more than an episode, but at the later period they fall on them the center of gravity of the composer work of Stravinsky.

Igor Stravinsky, whose biography presented in this article, is an outstanding Russian composer, a pianist and conductor. He is a representative of musical modernism. Igor Fedorovich is one of the largest representatives of world art.

Biography

In 1882, June 17, Igor Stravinsky was born. The brief biography of the Parents of the composer gives an idea of \u200b\u200bwhere the boy has such a thrust for music. His father - Fedor Ignatievich - was an opera singer, a soloist of the Mariinsky Theater, a deserved artist of Russia. Anna Kirillovna's mother was a pianist. She took part in the concerts of her husband as a concertmaster. The family took in the house of artists, musicians and writers. The frequent guest in Stravinsky was F. M. Dostoevsky. Since childhood, he was acquired to music and Igor Stravinsky. Pictures of the composer's parents are presented in this article.

At 9 years old, the future composer began to take the lessons on the piano. When Igor Fedorovich graduated from the gymnasium, the parents insisted that he would receive a legal education. The future composer studied at the University of St. Petersburg and in parallel with this independently studied musical and theoretical disciplines. His only composer school was private lessons that Igor Fedorovich took Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov. Under the guidance of this great man I. Stravinsky wrote the first works. In 1914, Igor Fedorovich left his family to Switzerland. Soon the First World War began, because of which Stravinsky did not return to Russia. A year later, the composer moved to France. Since 1936, Igor Fedorovich began riding in the US on tour. After the Second World War began, he moved to permanent residence in America. In 1944, I. Stravinsky made an unusual arrangement of the US anthem and fulfilled the work at the concert. For that, he was arrested. He was made a penalty for the distortion of the hymn. The composer himself preferred not to advertise what happened and always said that in fact there was nothing like that. In 1945, the composer received American citizenship. Igor Fedorovich passed away in 1971. The cause of death is heart failure. A composer is buried in the Russian part of San Michele cemeteries in Venice.

Creative way

As mentioned above, under the leadership of Nikolai Andreevich, Rimsky-Korsakov wrote his very first works Igor Stravinsky. The composer represented them to the court of the public, and at one such speeches he was present a high assessment of the music of Igor Stravinsky. Soon the famous impresario offered Igor Fedorovich cooperation. He ordered him writing music to the ballet for his "Russian seasons" in Paris. I. Stravinsky collaborated with S. Dyagilev for three years and during that time wrote three ballet for his troupe, which made him famous: "Spring sacred", "Parsley" and "Firebird". In 1924, Igor Fedorovich his debut as a pianist. Own work - a concert for piano and a brass orchestra - Igor Stravinsky performed on stage. The conductor manifested itself in him before. In such capacity, he spoke from 1915 to 1926. Basically conducted the execution of its own works. It was very demanding to musicians. In the 50-60 years, an audio recording of most of its writings was performed. In 1962, I. Stravinsky came to tour in the USSR.

Personal life

In 1906, the composer married a cousin - Ekaterina Nosenko. It was a marriage of great love. Four of the Stravinsky had four children were born: Milena, Lyudmila, Svyatoslav and Fedor. Sons became famous artists. Fedor is an artist, and Svyatoslav - a pianist and composer. Lyudmila's daughter was the wife of the poet Yuri Mandelstam. Due to the fact that Catherine suffered from CHAKHOTKA, Stravinsky left for the winter in Switzerland, the crude air of St. Petersburg had a detrimental effect on her health. In 1914, Igor Fedorovich had for a long time to stay in Switzerland for a long time, they could not return to Russia because of the override World War, followed by the revolution. All your property and money that remained in Russia, the family has lost. This fact perceived as a catastrophe Igor Stravinsky. The composer's family was rather big, and all of them needed to feed. In addition to his wife and four children, there was another sister, nephews and mother. I. Stravinsky during this period ceased to receive the author's fees for the execution of their works in Russia. It happened due to the fact that he emigrated. All his works published in our country were allowed to fulfill the author without paying money. To correct the financial situation, Igor Stravinsky made the new editions of their writings. The personal life of the composer did not cost without legends. He was attributed to the novel with Coco Chanel. When I. Stravinsky almost did not have a means of existence, Mademoisel helped him. She invited the composer and live his family on her villa. Igor Fedorovich lived in two years. She sponsored the organization of concerts I. Stravinsky and contained his family. When the composer no longer lived on her villa, still 13 years old Coco monthly sent him money. All this and gave rise to rumors about their novel. In addition, Coco was a woman loving. But hardly these rumors corresponded to reality. I. Stravinsky was interested only by the funds of the Frenchwoman.

In 1939, the spouse of Igor Fedorovich died. After a while I. Stravinsky married again. His second wife became a long-fashioned acquaintance of the composer - Vera Arturovna Sudyikin.

Russian period in creativity

Igor Stravinsky, whose photographs are presented in this article, at the first stage of the development of their career - this is 1908-1923 - wrote mostly ballets and operas. This period of his creative path is called "Russian". All works written by him at this time have a lot in common. In all there are motives and themes of Russian folklore. In the ballet "Firebird", the stylistic features inherent in the works of N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov are clearly traced.

Neoclassical period in creativity

This is the next stage in the development of the creative path of the composer. He lasted until 1954. The beginning of him was the Opera Mavra. The basis of this period was the rethinking of styles and directions in the music of the 18th century. At the end of this period in the development of his creativity, the composer appeals to antiquity, to the mythology of ancient Greece. The ballet "Orpheus" and the Opera Persephone were written. The last essay of I. Stravinsky, belonging to neoclassicism, is the "Breet of Hope." This is an opera on the sketches of W. Hogarth.

Serial period in creativity

In the 50s, Igor Stravinsky began using the principle of seriality. The transitionatic work of this period was Cantata, written on the verses of unknown English poets. It appreciates total polyphonization in music. The subsequent works of this time were completely serial, in them the composer abandoned the tonality completely. "Plach of the Prophet Jeremiah" is an essay of completely dodecafon.

Music theater

List of operas, ballets, fairy tales and scenes that composer Igor Stravinsky wrote:

• "Wedding" (libretto Igor Stravinsky).
• "Ballet scenes".
• Parsley (Libretto
• "Agon".
• "Playing cards" (Libretto Igor Stravinsky).
• "Apollo Musaget".
• "Firebird" (Libretto M. Fokina).
• "Persephone".
• "Fairy Kiss" (Libretto Igor Stravinsky).
• "Pulchinell".
• Moored (Libretto B. Kohno on the poem of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin).
• "The flood".
• "Bike about the Lesu, Rooster, Cat and Baran" (Libretto Igor Stravinsky).
• "Orpheus".
• "The History of the Soldier" (Libretto Sh.F. Lamu, based on Russian fairy tales).
• "Sacred spring".
• "Breakfasts of the Hardware" (Libretto C. Collotman and W. Odin in the pictures of W. Hogart).
• "Tsar Oedip".
• "Nightingale" (Libretto S. Mitusova on the fairy tale of the city of H. Andersen).

List of works for orchestra

• "The funeral song".
• Symphony In C.
• Scherzo in Russian style.
• "Concert dances."
• Congratulatory prelude.
• Symphony ES-DUR.
• Dambarton Oaks.
• Concerto for violin with orchestra D major.
• "Fireworks".
• "Circus polka for a young elephant."
• Divertissement.
• "Fire-bird" - suite from ballet.
• Capriccio for piano with orchestra.
• "Four Norwegian moods."
• Basel concert.
• Fantastic scherzo.
• Suite from the ballet "Pulcinell".
• Variations dedicated to the memory of Oldow Huxley.
• Concerto for Piano, Brass Orchestra, Litavr and Double Bass.
• "Movement" for piano with orchestra.
• Symphony in three parts.

For choir

Igor Stravinsky wrote a lot of choral works. Among them:

• "Interactive Memory.
• "Symphony of Psalms" (for choir with orchestra).
• "Plach of the Prophet Jeremiah."
• Cantata "Sermon, parable and prayer" (for viola, tenor, readers, choir, as well as orchestra).
• "Symbol of faith" (work for choir without musical accompaniment).
• Cantata on poems K. Balmont "Starsolik".
• "Our Father" (for choir without musical accompaniment).
• "Fancy chants".
• "The Mother of God is rejoice."
• Cantata "Babylon" (for readers, male choir and orchestra).
• Sacred chant in the name of St. Mark.
• "Mesa" (for mixed choir, accompanied by an ensemble of wind instruments).
• Cantata to the poems of anonymous poets of England 15-16 centuries.
• "Round-up" - Russian peasant songs for the female choir.
• Anthem to verses T. Eliot.

List of chamber work

• Ebony concert.
• Elegy for Viola.
• Three plays for clarinet.
• "The story of a soldier" - Suite from the opera for violin, clarinet and piano.
• Symphony for wind instruments dedicated to K. Debussy.
• Concert duet.
• Three plays for string quartet.
• Epitaph to the tombstone M. Egon.
• Prelude for jazz gang.
• Concertino for string quartet.
• Ragtime.
• Double canon memory R. Dufi.
• Fanfares for two pipes.
• Septout for string, wind and piano.
• Lullaby for two blocks.
• Ocet for windows.

In memory of the composer

The name of Igor Stravinsky is a music school that is located in Oranienbaum. In honor of the composition, postage stamps and coins were released. In the French city of Montreux there is a music audience named after Igor Stravinsky. On the planet Mercury there is a crater called in his honor. The name "Igor Stravinsky" is a tourist motor ship and aircraft Aeroflot A-319. In honor of the great Russian composer, called: Street in Amsterdam, Fountain in Paris, Alley in Lausanne, Square in Oranienbaum. In Ukraine (Volyn) opened the Museum of Igor Stravinsky. And there since 1994, the International Music Festival named after this composer, Conductor and Pianist is held.

June 17 marks 130 years since the birth of the Russian composer and the conductor Igor Stravinsky.

Russian composer and conductor Igor Fedorovich Stravinsky was born on June 17 (June 5, on the old style) of 1882 in Oranybaum (now the city of Lomonosov), near St. Petersburg. The rank of Stravinsky took place from Polish landowners (the surname was originally Sulima-Stravinsky, by the name of the two tributaries of the Vistols - Bakers and Sulima). Stravinsky's father was famous in St. Petersburg Opera singer Fedor Stravinsky, Mother - Pianist.

From nine years, Igor has studied the game on the piano.

In 1905, Stravinsky listened to the full course of lectures of the Law Faculty, but did not pass the final exams. In April 1906, he received a testimony of listened and courses.

Strojin's serious professional school studies began after 1902, when, being a student of the University of St. Petersburg, for five years he was engaged in a composition with Nikolai Roman-Korsakov, spontaneously replenishing his own knowledge in other areas of musical art.

At the same time, he got close to Sergey Dyagilev, artists of the "World War" (associations based on a circle of young artists and art lovers led by Alexander Benouua and Dyagilev), visited the musical branch of this unification of the "evening of modern music", as well as concerts of new music , arranged by a pianist and conductor Alexander Ziloti.

The first composer experiments of Stravinsky - Sonata for Piano (1904), vocal-symphonic suite "Favn and Cowgirl" (1906), Symphony Mi-Bf Major (1907), "Fantastic Scherzo" and "Fireworks" for the orchestra (1908), noted by influence School of Roman Corsakov and French Impressionists.

Since 1910, Stravinsky lived alternately in Paris (France), Switzerland, Russia. In 1914-1920, he lived in Switzerland.

During this period, the composer turned to the Russian folklore, whose various layers were peculiar in the ballet for the Stravinsky, ordered by Dyagilev for the "Russian seasons".

The first ballet of Igor Stravinsky "Fire-Bird" on the scene of the Paris "Grand Opera". He marked the beginning of the glory of the composer.

Later for Dyagileva Stravinsky wrote music to the ballet men "Parsley" (1911) and "Spring Sacred" (1913).

Elements of Russian folklore with the means of musical modernism were used by the composer in the choreographic scenes of "Wedding" (1914 1923), Opera "Solovy" (1914), "Bike about Lesu, Rooster, Cat yes Baran" (1917), "Soldier's History" (1918 ).

In 1920, Stravinsky moved to France, and in 1934 he accepted French citizenship.

An important milestone in his work becomes "Pulchinell" - ballet with singing, which is based on fragments of music composers of the XVIII century pergoles, Gallo, Kelleri and Parisotti, interopened by Stravinsky, the plot of the ballet was decorated together with Dyagilev and Balletmister Leonid Mezin. For the first time the ballet "Pulchinell" was delivered on May 15, 1920 under the control of the conductor of Ernest Angery, with the scenery of Pabla Picasso.

Among the works of the Paris period - Opera-buff "Maur" in Alexander Pushkin (1922), Ballets "Apollo Musaget" (1927-1928), "Fairy Kiss" (1928), written for the troupe of Ida Rubinstein and provoked a gap with Dyagilev. Stravinsky were written ballets "Playing Maps" (1936) and "Orpheus" (1947), Operator Tsar Edip (1927), Melodrama "Persephone" (1938), Opera "Breakfasts" (1951), Ocet for The windows (1923), "Symphony of Psalms" (1930), a concert for violin with the orchestra (1931) and other works.

In 1939, Igor Stravinsky moved to the United States, in 1945 he accepted the American citizenship.

For the creation of the composer in 1950, the 1960s is characterized by immersion into the music of the Poshovskaya era, appeal to biblical plots, the use of a structural 12 tone (dodecphone) of the composition of the composition. The most significant works of this time "Sacred Honor in Honor of the Apostle Mark" (1955), Ballet "Agon" (1957), "Monument of Jesualdo di Venosa to the 400th anniversary" for the orchestra (1960), Cantata Allegory "Flood" in the spirit of English Mysteries XV century (1962). Straight Stravinsky became more and more ascetic, constructively neutral.

In 1966, when Stravinsky was seriously ill, he wrote Requiem Canticles (Found Chanting) for soloists, choir and chamber orchestra. Essurance-epitaph is imbued with a bright anticipation of God and the trembling human approaching to the otherworldly world.

The last work of the composer is the instrumentation of two spiritual songs of Gogo Wolf - written in German, previously not used.

Since 1924, Stravinsky has performed a pianist and conductor of their own works. His concert activity has acquired a wide range after World War II, it was associated with the increasing popularity of the composer and its influence on the development of world musical culture as a whole.

In 1939, the composer was led by teaching activities - he read the course of lectures "Music poetics" at Harvard University in the United States.

In 1962, at the invitation of the Ministry of Culture of the USSR, Igor Stravinsky gave several concerts in Moscow and Leningrad (now St. Petersburg).

In Ukraine, the Museum of Igor Stravinsky was created in Ustilug.

In the Swiss city of Montre, there is a Spring Spring Street, the largest concert hall in the country is the name of the composer - Auditorium Stravinsky. In Paris, in front of the center of George Pompidou, the name of Stravinsky is named Fountain, in the city of Lomonosov (former Oranienbaum), where the composer was born, - a music school. The name of the composer was assigned to Aeroflot A-319 aircraft. On the planet Mercury, one crater is named after Igor Stravinsky.

Material prepared on the basis of RIA news and open sources

Igor Fedorovich Stravinsky Creative Way Igor Fedorovich Stravinsky (born 5 (17) June 1882, Oranienbaum - died on April 6, 1971, New York; buried in Venice in the Cemetery of San Michele) - Russian composer, conductor and pianist, one of the world's largest representatives of the world musical culture of the 20th century.

Biography Igor Fedorovich Stravinsky was born in 1882 on the Swiss street in Oranienbaum at the cottage, which his father bought - the Russian singer of Polish origin, the Soloist of the Mariinsky Theater. According to some Ukrainian researchers, the Rod of Stravinsky comes from Volyn in Ukraine.

From nine years, Stravinsky began to privately to take piano lessons, at eighteen years later, at the insistence of parents, he entered the law faculty of St. Petersburg State University at the same time starting to independently study musical and theoretical disciplines. From 1904 to 1906, Stravinsky took private lessons from Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov, who offered a classes to the composer twice a week, in parallel with his lessons with Calafati Vasily Pavlovich.

Under the leadership of Rimsky-Korsakov, the first essays were written - Scherzo and Sonata for Piano, Suite for Voice with the Favn and Shepherd Orchestra, etc., and so on. At the premiere of the latter, Sergey Pavlovich Dyagilev was present, highly appreciated the talent of a young composer. After some time, Dyagilev offered him to create a ballet for producing in the "Russian seasons" in Paris. For three years of cooperation with Dyagileev's troupe, Stravinsky wrote three ballet, brought him world fame - "Fire-bird ballet" 1910, "Parsley ballet" 1911 and "Spring Ballet Spring" 1913.

During these years, Stravinsky periodically travels from Russia to Paris and back, and in 1914, before the very beginning of the First World War, he travels to Switzerland for the clock, where he remains for the next four years. Among the writings of this time is the Opera "Nightingale" on the fairy tale of Hans Christian Andersen (1914) and the "History of the Soldier" (1918).

After the end of the war, Stravinsky decides not to return to Russia, and after a while moves to France. In 1919, the composer on the order of Dyagileva writes the ballet "Pulcinell", delivered a year later.

Stravinsky lived in France from 1920 to 1940. Here the premieres of his opera "Maur" (1922), "Wedding" (1923) - the final work of the Russian period, as well as the opera-Orator of the King Edip (1927), marked by the beginning of the new period in the work of the composer, who was called " Neoclassical. "

In 1928, new ballets appear - Apollo Musaget and Kiss Fairy, and two years later - the famous and grand symphony of Psalms on the Latin texts of the Old Testament. In the early 1930s, Stravinsky appeals to the concert genre - he creates a concert for violin with the orchestra and a concert for two piano. In 1933-1934, by order, Ida Rubinstein, together with Andre Jolia Stravinsky, writes a melodrama "Persephone". At the same time, he finally decides to adopt French citizenship (received in 1934) and writes the autobiographical book "Chronicle of my life."

Igor Fedorovich Stravinsky died on April 6, 1971, he was buried at the Cemetery of San Michele in Venice (Italy), on the so-called "Russian" part of him, along with his wife faith, not far from Sergei Dyagilev's grave.

Presentation Prepared Anastasia Timofeyev Lecturer: Borodkina Natalia Efimovna 2011