Geographical map heights. Determination of the height of the vertices above sea level or the depths of the oceans and seas

Geographical map heights. Determination of the height of the vertices above sea level or the depths of the oceans and seas
Geographical map heights. Determination of the height of the vertices above sea level or the depths of the oceans and seas
11.10.2019

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Hello. Is it possible to determine the heights (above sea level) of the route (ymaps.RUTE) standard tools?

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Hello. Is it possible to determine the heights (above sea level) of the route (ymaps.RUTE) standard tools?

Hello. Is it possible to determine the heights (above sea level) of the route (ymaps.RUTE) standard tools?

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Hello. Is it possible to determine the heights (above sea level) of the route (ymaps.RUTE) standard tools?

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Hello. Is it possible to determine the heights (above sea level) of the route (ymaps.RUTE) standard tools?

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When it comes to viewing Google Cards, it is sometimes mentioned "Map / Relief" mode, in which sushi irregularities are highlighted by changing the color tones. In this mode, the valleys and mountain ranges are clearly distinguished, with printed height levels. But if you need to determine the drawing on a map of height at a specific point, or height above sea level in the valley - it is quite difficult to do it.

Therefore, we use the auxiliary program for which defines not only geographical coordinates (longitude and latitude), but also height above sea level. This card can be switched to the "relief" mode, find the desired vertex and determine its height.

With this online program, you can not only determine the height of the mountain peaks. If you have never been interested before, at what height above the sea level is the terrain in which you live, then you will be surprised by the results of your measurements on the map.

Like Google Map Program Google Earthalso knows how to determine the height of the terrain above sea level. In this program, the height definition occurs dynamically for the coordinates under the mouse pointer.

For information. It is possible to determine the height above sea level using a barometer-aeroid, which will show 760 millimeters of a mercury pillar on zero height at 15 ° C. At an altitude of 500 meters above sea level, the barometer will show 720 mm, 1000 meters - 670 mm RT Art and so on. The Atmospheric Pressure (The Atmospheric Pressure) drops with an increase in the height above sea level. Art. For every 100 meters of lift. And the greater the height, the less atmospheric pressure and oxygen concentration in the air. For example, at an altitude of 3500 m. The atmospheric pressure is 1.5 times less than on zero height, respectively, less air saturation with oxygen.

For some people, a height of 800 meters is already reflected in well-being. Therefore, planning on the map from the satellite route travel, you must pay attention to the height of the terrain. On the other hand, there are many highland resorts located higher than 1,500 meters above sea level.

In the google of Google, the location on the display of the current information about the height above the sea level is displayed. In the program options, the 3D / Units of Measurement block contains a choice of meters / kilometers or feet / miles.

Of course, you can determine the height using a barometer-aryeroid, GPS navigator, or at the same time use both both two different devices or two devices in one, for example, the Samsung Galaxy Nexus smartphone, which is built in and the GPS navigator and barometer. But the lack is that such needs to be done directly in the measured area and have these devices. And if you only have a trip or you do the height measurements to expand your own horizons, then the easiest way to use Google Earth or. After all, in this case, in order to determine the height, it is enough just to click in the point found on the satellite map.

Another argument in favor of measuring on the map - to determine the geographic coordinates and heights above sea level, there is no need for self-definition and calculating values \u200b\u200busing a barometer, tables or formulas. After all, for a person who is not associated with the need for accurate metrological dimensions, the result determined by the satellite map is quite enough.

But if you need to specifically determine the height on which the office is located, an apartment or a roof of the house above sea level, then you have to do measuring yourself. It is possible to determine any terrain on the ground on the satellite map above the sea level on the satellite map, but it is impossible to determine the height of structures. Even if a specific building is chosen, you will receive information only about the height of the area. And further. If a point on the planet is found, which in the Google service does not have altitude data above the sea level, then the program calculates the average value calculated from the four nearest coordinates for which the height is defined. But the deviation from the actual value may be insignificant. It should also be paid to the fact that with the help of the specified service, the depths of the oceans and the seas can also be determined. In this case, the calculated height will be presented with negative values, that is, the depth is determined.

Coordinates for information:
Sushi section, which is below sea level

Card Description:

Before you, the world map from Google, open on Novosibirsk. On top of the card, the coloring of heights above sea level may be superimposed, the grid in the latitude / longitude / longitude or QTH-locator, the shading indicating the day / night. The search string allows you to find the place of interest to the QTH-locator, address, or geographic coordinates.

First click on the map sets the first (" N."- initial) point. The second click on the map sets the second (" TO"- finite) point. After the task of both points on the map, the Red Radio distribution route will be held, the height profile schedule between the specified points will be displayed below the map. Left - the initial point, on the right - the end point, vertical height above sea level.

In the place of interest on the map of the height you can make click, this will lead to the installation of a special marker (" ! ") In the appropriate site of the main card. By moving the mouse to the primary map area, you can explore the surroundings near the installed marker. Leading the head of the profile of heights You see the parameters of the current point, and the marker is displayed in the corresponding geographic location (" X."). You can change the map scale for better object details, the card will automatically be positioned so that the marker is displayed in the center of the screen.

In addition to the profile of heights on the map, a straight line of the radiole is drawn connecting the antenna suspension, the ellipse of the first Fresnel zone, and the power of the received signal across the entire route is calculated.

The calculated power values \u200b\u200bare conventionally designated by the surfaces of the earth's surface:

  • red - 7-9 or more, scores on the s-meter scale;
  • orange - 4-6 points;
  • yellow - 1-3 points;
  • green - less than 1 point;
  • the black - no signal.

On the profile of the height, you can choose and increase any area you are interested in - for this you need to click on the left mouse button, stretch the rectangle appeared on the desired map fragment, then release the mouse button. To restore the original map, you need to make the right mouse button right.

At any time, making a click on the main map, you will specify a new end point, the height map will be rebuilt to display the profile to the newly selected point.

This service also allows you to construct a radio signal coating zone of radiated from point 1 (" N."). By installing the starting point and setting the source data, click the "Calculate" button - you will see the coverage area draws in real time. The "Stop / Hide-show" button allows you to stop the occurring calculation of the coating zone or "hide-show" coverage zone. The greater the selected number of samples, the higher the accuracy of the calculation of the coverage area, but the more and more time will be required to hold it. (And the calculation time is more dependent on the power of your computer, but from the speed of issuing topographic information by Google servers.)

Change automatically selected width of the lines denoting the signal level using the buttons " + "And" – ", And after fixing them permanent - daw in the FIX field.

Button on the main map " Clear markers"Deletes all installed markers and the results of calculating the coating zone, it is advisable to use it if you want to set a new starting point and produce a new cycle of calculations. Button " Full Screen."Puts a map display to full screen mode, repeatedly pressing returns standard window mode.

For ease of use, the Cursor Coordinates are constantly displayed on the map: Latitude (LAT), Longitude (LNG), QTH Locator, Height (EVAL).

How to determine the height of the city above sea level?

The other day I was asked about how the height above the sea is the Crimean cities of Yalta, Alushta and Simferopol. At first I wanted to dismiss this issue, but curiosity pushed me to check me what the Internet writes on this topic.

It turned out that the network is almost impossible to find references to the height of most cities of the former union. Amazed by this fact, I decided to correct the situation.

To begin with, climbed in Wikipedia and brought references about what is the height above sea level and from what sea should be considered. That's what they write there:

Height above sea level - The coordinate in three-dimensional space (two others - latitude and longitude), showing at what level of the sea level adopted for zero is one or another object.

Baltic height system (BSB) - the system of absolute heights adopted in the USSR in 1977, whose counts from zero of the feat in Kronstadt. From this mark, the height of the support geodesic items are counted, which are marked with different geodesic signs and are applied to cards. Currently, BSB is used in Russia and a number of other CIS countries.

In the theory, everything is clear - you need to take a detailed topographic map and see what heights there are marked. But where does it take this card?

The first thing that occurred to - look into Oziexplorer.. This is a special program for working with GPS (satellite navigator). One of its functions allows you to determine the height simply pointing the cursor space on the map. With her help, I easily found out that Alushta is located at altitudes from 0 to 130 meters above sea level. Yalta - from 0 to 200 meters, Sevastopol - from 0 to 100, Simferopol - on average 250 meters above sea level.

However, this method is not too universal. After all, the question is still the question "where to get the card?", This time digitized. I had the Cards of Crimea, but with the rest of the world I did not work out ...

The answer was literally lying on the surface, that is, on the Internet. No first year there is a service Google Earth. - A kind of digital globe glued from the photographs of the earth's surface with the "cosmic" height. There must be a function of determining the height. I downloaded the Google Earth distribution (a free version), installed it and started learning the menu. There were no altimeters there. Strange ... Maybe you need to read a certificate? I also did not find.

Almost desperately, I suddenly noticed at the bottom of the screen there is a quick running differ. Eureka! This was the altimeter.

On joy, I began to run around the map and measure the height of all cities in a row.

  • Ekaterinburg height above sea level - 250 meters.
  • Moscow height above sea level - 130 meters.
  • Saratov - 40.
  • Makhachkala - 15.
  • Krasnoyarsk - 140.
  • Perm - 150.
  • Chelyabinsk - 250.
  • Ufa - 125.
  • Kazan - 90.
  • Nizhny Novgorod - 70
  • Ivanovo - 130.
  • Yaroslavl - 98.
  • Voronezh - 104.
  • Petersburg - 13.
  • Arkhangelsk - 7.
  • Novgorod - 28.
  • Murom - 105.

Height above sea level of some cities of Ukraine:

  • Kiev height above sea level - from 90 (level of the Dnieper) to 190 (famous Dnipro Kruch) meters.
  • Kharkov - 122.
  • Chernivtsi - 240.
  • Khmelnitsky - 299.
  • Ternopil - 336.
  • Vinnitsa - 294.
  • Cherkasy - 80.
  • Krivoy Rog - 85
  • Zaporizhia - 75.
  • Kherson - 50.
  • Donetsk - 241.
  • Dnepropetrovsk - 68.
  • Sumy - 125.
  • Poltava - 150.
  • Chernigov - 117.

In the western part of Ukraine, I was interested in the height of such settlements:

  • Lviv - 270.
  • Ivano-Frankivsk - 343
  • Uzhgorod - 187.
  • Mukachevo - 181.
  • Rakhov - 430.
  • Yasina - 650.
  • Yablovsky Pass - 930

I hope you understand that all the data obtained is not too accurate. Google Earth is not a professional instrument with guaranteed accuracy and reliably known errors. She has completely different goals.

In addition, the term "city height above sea level" is very conditional. After all, the city is not a point, but a huge object, different areas of which have different heights.

Konstantin Konovalov:

I have long wanted to make a convenient map of Moscow heights to comfortably ride a bike in unfamiliar parts of the city. Yes, and to friends who begin to use a bike as a transport, it was easier to explain how it is better to build a route. Not many are aware that the cyclist is more important than height differences than the shortest path. In this post, I will tell a little about the cards of heights and how to change the Red Square to become convenient for people.

OpenStreetMap with altitude data

I tried to work with different unloading data on altitudes from various cartographic services. But these data were not accurately accurate and the horizontal step was too large, and not accurate, preventing ideas about sharp rise and descents, such as the Christmas boulevard.

This summer came the idea that it makes sense to look for data not in modern web services, but in the old maps of the city. Before the revolution, the quality of the cards was quite high. And at the same time there was still no car movement. Cares, carts and compets people rolled themselves or with horses. So the question of the height of heights in such a hilly city as Moscow stood very sharply. I quickly found a map of 1888, exactly describing the relief of the capital.

The plan of Moscow is compiled on the basis of a trigonometric network for shooting and leveling of the city in 1874-77 N.N. Smirnov and D.P. Rashkov (2nd Edition of the Moscow City Duma 1888)

Someone will say that this is an old card, a lot has changed. On the one hand, yes, the city is no longer known, but the heights almost did not change, of course, bridges moved through Moscow River somewhere, and therefore the relief in these places was slightly corrected, but in fact no major changes in the relief for one and a half The century did not happen. And this is my most cool discovery in this project.

One summer day I got under the tree in the garden Hermitage and on a laptop redesigned heights with an old card. And then squeezed into a three-dimensional model of the relief of the city.

3d model height of Moscow

Seven hills of Moscow

Lighter areas are vertices, dark - lowlands. Frequent ladder horizontal - sharp height differences. This visualization helped me quickly understand myself in some places of the city and distinguish between the main hills and ways to enter the bike with minimal efforts.

By the way about the hills. Until now, many love to repeat that Moscow is a city on seven hills, but few people know where these hills are located.

In fact, it's not true, somewhere from the 16th century, they began to mention seven hills, and even then only to emphasize the connection between Moscow and Rome. I noted on a map of the place where these hills are located. It is easy to see that most of them are only parts of larger hills.

Seven hills of Moscow

I am personally wondering that in reality in the highest points of the main hills inside the Garden Ring there are two architectural monuments. The highest point is the inner side of the Sretensky Boulevard, in this place are the buildings of the Insurance Company "Russia", famous not only by its architecture and tenants, and the fact that the building was built as autonomous with its own power plant in the basement, the prototype of the air conditioner, heating, and even Artesian depletion of 45 meters deep. And at the same time for construction chose the highest point. Maybe in case of complete flooding of the whole city? I do not know. But an interesting coincidence. And on the second highest hill there is a reference house of Sytin, who survived the invasion of Napoleon, and in 1979 it was even moved 33 meters away.

Close of hills

But back to the original cycling topic. Map of heights is needed to build a route and for the design of the cyanofrastructure. How to build a route on a map of heights is not difficult to figure it out. Take, for example, one of the most unpleasant areas of the boulevard rings - Christmas boulevard. This is one of the most notable hills in the city center. Those who constantly ride a bike, know that it is better to stay on the side and immediately think over the route outside this site, although there is a cycle-facing boulevard on the Christmas boulevard.

Red dotted with a sharp rise, white lines - cycles, yellow-lines of the arrow.

In order not to enter into a too sharp mountain, alternative routes can be paved (route 1 or route 2 in the picture), which will have a more uniform distribution of the height difference at its length, which will reduce physical exertion.

White Line - Route in Boulevards, Yellow - Alternative route. The map is oriented to the West.

Height cards can help drive around a small area, and can offer alternative paths by passing multi-kilometer hills. For example, if you are on Kropotkinskaya (point a), and you need to get to the pipe (point B), then the most logical route that comes to mind is a trip along the boulevard ring, yes there is also a bunk field, it seems that The decision is not bad, but in fact there is a calmer movement. You can go along the mouth of the Neglinka River, which is currently flowing in the pipe and thus go around the hill. The movement along the boulevard will lead to the top of one of the highest hills of Moscow, on Pushkin Square. So, most of the path will have to go up, which is not the best solution. Yes, and on the way will have to drag the bike through the underground transition under the new Arbat.

Design of cyanofrastructure

In recent years, Moscow City Hall made a lot for the appearance of bicycle infrastructure in the city. This is a very good undertaking towards an ecological and healthy city. But, unfortunately, there is a reverse side. The city is building a lot of cycles, but they all appear in chaotic order, they are not connected with each other. That is, they do not form a single network with which you can get from point A to the point B. When you eat around the city by bike, you can get caught several bicyclenesses on the way, but the main time you will move on unconvocible to the veligation of the streets.

According to the reports of the City Hall in Moscow, more than 200 kilometers of cycles. And this is one of the main problems and misunderstandings between the mayoria and cyclists. The mayor's office is thinking that the more the tracks will be built, the more bicycle will be the city, but in reality everything is wrong. People will not go on cycles as in Amsterdam, while these tracks are not interconnected into a single understandable network. The tracks from nowhere to anywhere needed, except for people writing reports on kilometers of built tracks in the city.

Moscow the necessary main bikes, which should bind parts of the city among themselves, be the most straightened and converge in the center. As well as need minor tracks that will penetrate the neighborhoods and connect the main lines among themselves, forming a single continuous network.

Map with major POI

Let's return to the height map. How can it help in the design and justification of the construction of cycles? Let's take a look at the current state of the "network" of cycles in the center of Moscow.

Existing bikes

This is how existing cycles look like in the city. Yes, they help build some routes, but they go from nowhere to nowhere, and even on the hills up down, and sometimes they are simply interrupted by parking. And consequently, the cyclists are not so much on them as I would like.

Therefore, people are not ready to transfer from the car or subway to the bike. In order for many people, the bike can become a real transport alternative to create a smart network of cycles, which will be interconnected, as well as it will also be comfortable to ride sharp relief lifts.

Red Square

Now on Red Square is completely forbidden to ride a bike, no one even knows the causes of this ban. But the police are constantly trying to stop there cyclists.

If you carefully look at the height card, it can be seen that the Red Square is a lowland hill that you can go through it well to go to Novokuznetsk or to the boiler's embankment. But now there is no fact that there is no infrastructure, there is just a ridiculous ban on the movement of bicycles and prohibitive signs hang.

I would like to refer to the mayor of the city, FSO and the management of the transport complex with a proposal for the development of bicycle transport. If from the colored boulevard to Dobryninskaya (through the Red Square) lay a direct trunk cycle, then it will connect two parts of the city. Since in the 1930s built hefty bridges for cars (large stone, large Moskvoretsky and Big Ustinsky) instead of comfortable old bridges, the city burst into two parts, between which the pedestrian can only move on the subway normally. But if you start developing the cyanofrastructure and transfer the veloves between the two parts of the center of the capital, although on these car bridges, then the cycling and pedestrian traffic will increase.

The main cycleway through the city center. White marked existing cycles.

Yellow is highlighted offered by me the first main cycleway through the center. At all its distances, heights are minor, in any case the bike pedals are not very complicating.

Half of this cycleway already exists, you only need to connect pieces of acting tracks together, as well as connect it with embankments. Quays are a very suitable place for cycleheads, because the drops of heights are not yes and the movement is almost impetumous. But they lack infrastructure and cyclists, developing great speed, interfere with walking pedestrians. And also there are no terrestrial transitions because of what the embankments are hard to move.

For the implementation of such a cycle, only political will is needed. On the car movement, this cycleway will almost not affect. To the south, it can continue in Lucinovskaya Street to Tula, where there is already a one-way cycle, and north in the Olympic Avenue to the Festival Park.

After the appearance of such a cycleway, there will be logical to the branch of the new main tracks to the west and east of the Kremlin rings.

City for people

The city is primarily created for people, cars, of course there is a place, but if everyone sits behind the wheel of a car, the city will rise. Yes, in fact, it is in traffic jams all day. So if at least 5% of Muscovites will be repaid on the bike, it will be easier to breathe in the city, and the traffic jams will decrease. I mainly drive a bike that in most cases faster than bus, taxis, and for small distances faster than on the subway. But neither everyone can ride on the roads in the extreme row, the point is accomplished by car hammies. Therefore, the process of transition to the bike is still folded for most citizens. The city does not need bikes, the city needs a knitted well-thought-out network of cycles.

In the meantime, Moscow is sad and waits for the crowd of cyclists.

In addition to the bicycle list, the height card is responsible why the small armor flooded this summer. Yes, the storm canalization of Moscow is not in the best condition, but if you look at the height map, you will see that a flooded piece of small armor, as well as the patriarchy pond is in a small lowline and there is characteristic of water to accumulate. Consequently, the mayor's hall should pay attention to the storm sewer in such places in the first place.

This cartographic study I conducted on my own initiative this summer. I only disassembled the central part of the city, but I think a normal height map can be collected for all Moscow. You only need time.