F about rung paintings. Runge
Germany at the beginning of the XIX century. Survived the socio-political rise, the resistance to the conquests of Napoleon and the liberation war of 1813 did the German patriotism to the universal, and the considered three hundred of German dwarf states realized themselves with a single people.
In a fragmented country, almost every city was the capital or university center. German sovereigns often sought to fill their political weakness by the patronage of science and art.
The Bavarian King Ludwig I was the most passionate and generous of these patrons on the throne.
In those years, in Germany, the passion for the medieval was strong, an interest in national history and culture increased. In Nuremberg, the festivities of the memory of the German Master of the Renaissance of Albrecht Dürer periodically took place. Brothers Boussre - Sulpicia (1783-1854) and Melchior (1783-1859) - collected monuments of antique art. Their gallery in Stuttgart numbered over two hundred of the works of the XIV-XVI centuries., Most of which in 1826 went into the collection of Munich Pinakoteki (now this museum is called old Pinakotek, unlike a new one, where the works of painting XIX-XX centuries are stored).
Germany played an exceptional role in the history of romanticism - directions in the European culture of the late XVIII - the first half of the XIX century. It is the German writers and critics that were his first theorists. Wilhelm's book Henry Wakenoder (1773-1798) "The heartstand of the monk - an art lovers" (1797) became a manifesto of romanticism in visual art: she proclaimed a decisive refusal of any "beauty rules" and declared the basis of creativity sincere feeling. The term "romanticism" himself was introduced by Friedrich Schlegem (1772-1829), German criticism, philosopher and writer.
Philip Otto Runge
(1777-1810)
Philip Otto Runge can be called one of the brightest representatives of romanticism in the German painting of the first half of the XIX century.
The artist was born in Wolgasta (city in the territory of modern Poland) in the family of the shipowner. In eighteen, he came to Hamburg to study the trade case, but felt a tendency to painting and began to take private drawing lessons. In 1799-1801. Runge studied at the Academy of Arts in Copenhagen, then moved to Dresden, where he entered the local Academy of Arts and met the poet and thinker Johann Wolfgang Goethe. Returning in 1803 in Hamburg, he was engaged in painting and at the same time served in the trading firm of his older brother Daniel.
Most of the creative heritage runs make up portraits. Careful study of parts, the rigidity of the lines and the undispical purity of the paints of some of his works resemble the creations of self-taught painters. These are the portraits of children of the Hulsentbeck family (1805) and the parents of the artist with grandchildren (1806).
The painting "Threesome" (1805, in 1931 died in a fire) depicted an artist with the bride and brother Daniel. Each of them is immersed in their thoughts, but it does not disarm young people: they do not need words to understand the experiences of each other. This mood of the "silent fraternity" enhances the forest landscape, written in a clear, dry manner; The characters of the paintings are as inseparable as the trees of one forest.
Back in 1802, Runga conceived a picturesque cycle, depicting the days of day. Morning, day, evening and night, replacing each other, were for romantics symbol and human life, and earthly history; They embodied the eternal law, according to which everything in the world is born, grows, agitates and goes into oblivion - to revive again. Runga deeply felt this universal unity, like the inner relationship of different types of art: he assumed to expose "time of day" in a specially designed building, accompanying them with music and poetic text.
Runga did not have enough life to embody his plan: only one, "Morning" (1808) is finished out of four paintings. It is naive and light like a fairy tale. Baby lying on a yellow-green meadow symbolizes a newborn day; Women's figure amid the Golden Sky and Siren Dalea - the ancient Roman goddess of the morning dawn of Aurora. According to the freshness of the paints and the ease of the tone transitions, this picture is much superior to the old works of the artist.
"Sometimes," said Runge, "the color worries with his pallor, and sometimes attracts its depth. When a meadow greens, a rosy grass saturation, a delicate foliage of a young beech forest or a transparent green wave attract you more? Then, when are they in the sparkling rays of the sun or in the peace of the shadows? " In the variety of paints, in complex color ratios, light and shadows, the artist saw the key to the secrets of the Universe, the revelation of the world spirit - so some romantics called God, which seemed to them dissolved in nature. "We are not able to express how every color touches us," said a friend of Runge, the German writer-romantic Ludwig Tik, because the paints speak with us on a more gentle adverb. This is the world spirit, and he rejoices that it can give a concept about himself by thousands of ways, at the same time hiding from us ... But the secret magical joy covers us, we will learn ourselves and remember some ancient, immeasurably blessed spiritual union. "
Runge died of tuberculosis at the age of thirty-three years: all his work falls on the last seven years of life. In his picturesque myths, he embodied the multi-faceted unity of God, peace and humans is the main idea of \u200b\u200bGerman romantic philosophy.
Philip Otto (Runge, Philipp Otto) 1777, Valgast, Pomerania - 1810, Hamburg. German painter, draftsman. He studied in 1799-1801 in the Copenhagen Academy of Arts in N. Albigor, then in Dresden (1801-1803). From 1804 he worked in Hamburg. In the early work of Runge, the triumph of love (1801, Hamburg, Kunsthall) appeal to the monochrome composition in the form of relief from Putti, strict academic manner of the figure indicate the effect of his teacher of Professor of the Copenhagen Academy of Albigor. As in the drawings of Albigor, the plot is interpreted by a young artist deeply emotionally. Under the influence of albigor, an ancient art that was in Italy, an artist's interest in classical heritage will be formed. In 1800, Runga meets with copies of the drawings of J. Flaksman to the works of Homer and Eshil, who sent him to Copenhagen from Germany Brother Daniel, reads about them Article A. V. Schlegel in the journal Ateneneum (1799). The effect of the linear pattern of the flaxman, as well as illustrations of the Cornelius to the cargo cavity (1808) is noticeably in the ruged illustrations of the Homer or Homer and works on the themes of Osian songs. However, the artist creates his drawing style with pen and brush, in which a significant role is assigned to the effects of lighting. Runge drawings reflected the foreronant moods of the turn of the XVIII-XIX centuries. Significant place in the work of Runge was held by a portrait. In the portrait, we threesome (1805) and two autoports of the artist (1805, 1806, all - Hamburg, Kunsthall) expressed concept of a romantic portrait. He depicts himself at the time of various mental movements - deep emotions or melancholy, immersed in the world of thoughts, as if alone with him. Actually a self-portrait with Brother Daniel and his wife, Polina and the portrait of us are three, where the feeling of the melancholic harmony of the general mood is consistently intensified by the poetic mountain landscape, against the background of which three figures are depicted. As an artist-romantic, Runge often elects the form of a pair portrait (my parents, 1806, Hamburg, Kunsthalle), allowing the world of human feelings in comparison of characters, temperaments, moods. Portraits of the artist with the image of children (Children of the Hulsenebek family, 1805-1806; Portrait of a son, Otto Sigismund Runge, 1805, both - Hamburg, Kunsthalla) The immediacy of the images, the specificity of the reproduction of nature and landscape background, anticipate the work of German worst of early realism - Bidermeyer. For German churches were created by the artist of the canvas rest on the way to Egypt (1805-1806) and Christ, walking along the waters (1806-1807, both - Hamburg, Kunsthalla). In the smooth Abris of figures, the scrupulous reproduction of the parts of the bright landscape background with fantastic plants, restrained, but deep inner the character of the characters there is an influence of the art of the masters of the Northern Renaissance, the study of the works of Durera. In late years, the artist under the influence of the teachings of the German Mysticism Ya. Beeom is fond of symbolism, the problem of communication between color and musical harmony. These ideas Runga expressed a color circle in the treatise. The cloth conceived in 1807 four-party cycles (morning, noon, evening, night) were to be demonstrated to the music and reading poems. The artist assumed to express the idea of \u200b\u200bcontinuous movement in the life of nature and man, harmony of their coexistence. In the Created Runge of the Cycle (Morning, 1808, the Small Option; Morning, 1808-1809, a great option, both - Hamburg, Kunsthall) Blue, White and pink spectrum colors symbolize the awakening of nature. Farming female figures surrounded by Putti and spring colors create the illusion of dance movements for musical accompaniment. Many drawings of the artist (Hamburg, Kunsthall) are also dedicated to the same romantic topic. Creativity Runge as the largest romance artist has had a significant impact on the subsequent development of the German and European arts of the XIX century.
Lit.: Einem H. Philipp Otto Runge. DAS BILDNIS DER ELTERN. Stuttgart, 1957; Fraeger I. Philipp Otto Runge Und Sein Werk. Munchen, 1975; Jensen J. Ch. Philipp Otto Runge. Leben Und Werk. KOLN, 1977; Betthausen P. Philipp Otto Runge. Leipzig, 1980.
- - the one-step method of the numerical solution of the Cauchy problem for the system of ordinary differential equations of the form The basic idea of \u200b\u200bR.- K. M. It was proposed by K. Runge and developed by V. Kutta and others ....
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- - Runge area of \u200b\u200bthe first kind, - region G in the space of complex variables, which has the property that for any holomorphic in Gfunction F there is a sequence of polynomials converging in G to f ...
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- -, German painter, graph and art theorist. One of the founders of romanticism in German painting. He studied in Ah in Copenhagen and Dresden ...
Artistic Encyclopedia.
- - Philippe Otto 1777, Walgast, Pomerania - 1810, Hamburg. German painter, draftsman. He studied in 1799-1801 in the Copenhagen Academy of Arts in N. Albigor, then in Dresden. From 1804 he worked in Hamburg ...
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Runga Philip Otto
(Runge) (1777-1810), German painter, graph and theoretics of art. One of the founders of romanticism in German painting. He studied at Ah in Copenhagen (1799-1801) and Dresden (1801-03). In the symbolic-allegorical compositions "Days of the day" (1802-03, the "morning" version, 1808, Kunsthalle, Hamburg was preserved to embody the idea of \u200b\u200bthe mystical spirituality of nature, about the merger of the artist-Creator with the universe. Portrates combined close attention to nature with deep emotionality, hidden under the outer contemplation of images (self-portrait, "My parents" - both 1806, Kunsthalla, Hamburg).
Works: Hinterlassene Schriften, TL 1-2, HAMB., 1840-41; Briefe Und Schriften, V., 1981. Literature: Bisanz R. M., German Romanticism and pH. O. Runge, De Kalb, 1970; Betthausen P., pH. O. Runge, LPZ., 1980.
(Source: "Popular Art Encyclopedia." Ed. Polevoy VM; M.: Publishing House "Sovetskaya Encyclopedia", 1986.)
- - the one-step method of the numerical solution of the Cauchy problem for the system of ordinary differential equations of the form The basic idea of \u200b\u200bR.- K. M. It was proposed by K. Runge and developed by V. Kutta and others ....
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- - Runge area of \u200b\u200bthe first kind, - region G in the space of complex variables, which has the property that for any holomorphic in Gfunction F there is a sequence of polynomials converging in G to f ...
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- - Runga Philip Otto, German painter, schedule, poet and art theorist; Representative of romanticism. I received a commercial education, then I studied in the Copenhagen and Dresden Academy ...
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- - Philippe Otto 1777, Walgast, Pomerania - 1810, Hamburg. German painter, draftsman. He studied in 1799-1801 in the Copenhagen Academy of Arts in N. Albigor, then in Dresden. From 1804 he worked in Hamburg ...
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- - Philip Otto, German painter, graph and art theorist. He studied in Copenhagen and Dresden ah. One of the founders of romanticism in German painting ...
- - Runge Philip Otto, German painter, graph and art theorist. He studied in Copenhagen and Dresden ah. One of the founders of romanticism in German painting ...
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- - German painter and schedule, art theorist. Representative of early romanticism. True, acutely accurate portraits, the allegorical composition "Morning" ...
- - Philip Egalite Louis Philippe Joseph, Duke Orleans, representative of the younger branch of Bourbon. During the French revolution of the late XVIII century. Refused the title, took the surname Egalit ...
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Runge, Philip Otto(Runge, Philipp Otto) (1777-1810), German artist and theoretics, one of the leaders of romanticism in German pictorial art.
Born in Wolgast (Mecklenburg) July 23, 1777 in the family of the merchant-shipowner. The young men came to Hamburg to learn a trade case, but soon (in 1897) began to draw a picture. Studied in Copenhagen (1799-1801) and Dresden (1801-1803) Academy of Arts; Dane N.Abilgor with its clear classic manner of the drawing provided a special influence on it. He also experienced a noticeable impact of J. Flaxman. From 1804 lived mainly in Hamburg.
Already in the early period there was an outstanding gift of runge-portraitist (painting We are threesome, or Self-portrait with wife and brother, 1805, not survived; portraits of his wife, 1804 and 1809; Children of Hulisenbek, 1805; Son, 1805, and parents, 1806, artist; Self-portraits, 1805 and 1806; All works - Kunsthalla, Hamburg). Several archaic, "naive" sacrifices of poses and gestures, the color of the color of the flavor do not exhaust, but, on the contrary, the poetic, sometimes a little mysterious charm of these things. The traditions of the art of the Northern Renaissance said here also appeared in religious compositions Runga - with their surreal flowering effects ( Holidays in Egypt, 1805–1806; Christ, walking around the waters, 1806-1807; Both work is there in the same place).
The sum of the mystical moods of the master, on the one hand, by the teachings of Ya.bee, and on the other - related to the search for aesthetic absolute, peculiar to romanticism as a whole, was called upon to become a four-part cycle Times day, symbolizing the merge of a person with nature, - he was supposed to demonstrate in the form of wall panels to the music and reading poems, with special lighting. Preparatory drawings to the cycle, with their ornamental-rhythmic emblems, as well as a fabulous fabulous Morning (The only picturesque sketch, carried out in 1808-1809; Ibid) belong to the number of original anticipation of symbolism and modern.
Considering the optics of colors with the key to the art of the future, Runge corresponded about it with Goethe. Highlighting three main colors (yellow, red, blue) and three derivatives (orange, purple and green), he summarized his reflections and experiments in the book. Bowl of colors, or construction of connections between all mutual mixing of paints and their full affinity (Farbenkugel Oder Construction Des Verhltnisses Aller Mischungen Der Farben Zu Einander Und ihrer Vollstandigen affinite, 1810), which was a noteworthy stage in the development of post-etchon optics, still retaining and practical interest.
Died Runge in Hamburg on December 2, 1810. In 1840-1841 two volumes were published (along with A bowl of flowers - Two fairy tales, composed of Rungers on Platdoych, Nizhnenesec dialect, and included in Fairy tales Brothers Grimm: About fisherman and his wife and Juniper, both 1806, coupled with epistolary heritage).
Translation from German Sergey Averintseva
There were days my dulls,
In the hopeless Duma, the spirit of Cineral,
The soul did not have the strength
And no one wanted to hear
How dark and languidly the heart fluttered,
How it is in longing the latter frozen,
How, lean
Chulshily it
For the whole living unbearable zark:
The marrow of the underworld, Tlen, decay and darkness.
But the will survived; in the abyss of trouble
Sick light spilled on my pain.
Per hour when hopes crash
Shy leather blood,
Cute image was in a consolation;
Dislike, I all kept love, -
Up to that time when in the soul
In muddy, dead chaos caught the image cute
And the Supil Spirit
Became I. and deaf;
Bottomless zev sprout; Emptiness Overview:
In my blood - neither sparks, no for the stars.
And how much heart light and sky is neither praying,
Participating it did not find it!
Growth point, marking of all flowering,
Lights clean, the joy of being!
Ajet for anticipation,
Future was my future.
But the living flame of the focus has cooled,
He cold ashes, all around Nemilo,
I. Zev
Empty nurses,
I asked myself: if I was born,
Is the lot in the world sentenced?
God, there is no peace, there is no quench;
Reduce the deadlines for my tomgeret!
Or really, I am left by God,
I roped daring and jam,
Not might in the sentence of strict
Breeding incomprehensible accept?
I failed to shit every mig bliss1
Whether the image of perfection is then taken
Cute image of mine
No longer with me?
Taken with him destined to me,
Eternity of OTN; The soul is imperceptible burden.
In a word, you called me from Chaos,
All you gave, and all, and you all took!
Not! Love without measure and limit
God really is my heard moan?
It's not a blindness of my blindness:
All giving, I will be healed?
What I prayed, I am given to giving?
Your mercy, good, I want to tell.
Gave you spirit light,
Gave you to Oku color!
In the angry days, when the mind was shy,
Tremen became the transparent meaning of the flower,
But now I see: refraart in paint,
The beam and things in God are drowning with affection.
Is the heart of the heart overshadow
And scared as a vision of evil?
Before me the beloved became,
And the soul in the eyes lived.
Per hour when heavenly beam opened me
With the fullness of the globe, my combined.
All one: Dar
Horny, Dolia Fire.
The one who does not know the light of the world
There is no point in this life.
Dark Your eyes: Hold down moisture
Storehouses, we carry out the power and courage.
The world, the rays of the secret is wonderful,
All in the color in front of me lies.
I see the gaze, a loved one,
And the gentle fever of your lines,
Blood quickly flows, the veins come to life,
The whole composition of the body in power is filled!
Oka Your
Firmly magic;
Whether I will make your hand - leaving a living spring,
In the mystery of eternity perceived a quick moment.
So for the fact that faith is faithful without faith,
I love your love without a measure.
Poetry of German romantics / Sost., Prepared. and comments. A. V. Mikhailova. - M.: Art. Lit., 1985. - P. 247-249.
Commentary by A. V. Mikhalova:
"Philip Otto Runge
The wonderful Northelese artist Philip Otto Run (1777-1810) was born in the city of Wolgast in Pomerania, at the times of the Swedish territory. His teacher was G.L.-T. Kozhertenten, Poet-Sentimentalist and Ossianist, who had a strong influence on Caspar David Friedrich. An acquaintance with Tikov subsequently had some impact on the mindset Runge, but even earlier the artist who studied painting in Hamburg and Copenhagen was so imbued with romantic, as if we were sent in the air, and so peculiarly prevented them that TIC was struck by his drawings To graphic conciseness and hieroglyphicity in the transfer of the most distracting romantic fantasies. The graphic cycle "Days of the day" was disassembled by the geerres in an inspired review (1808), not reminiscent of ordinary samples of this genre; Runge studies in the field of color theory were approved and highly estimated by Goethe, sparkling sympathetic runging and warmly responded about him. In prior to the death of the artist, the artist who died from the tuberculosis he wrote a long, the heartfelt letter to Brentano, who also occupied the problem of graphically-miser and deep in the meaning of the image, - almost the same days the artist himself wrote a letter to Brentano, their letters met on the way, but the letter of the poet already Did not catch runs alive. Runga constantly attracted the need to speak out in the Word, explaining the essence of their images in it, and he did not succeed in literary creativity. One of his (written on the Nizhnenenecksky dialect) of fairy tales - "About the Almond Tree" - Appeared in the "Gazette for Hermitts" Arima, along with the other - "About the fisherman and his wife" - she came into the "fairy tales" of the Grimm brothers. Both remained in the memory of German readers the second of fairy tales - the source of Pushkin's "Fairy Tale about Fisherman and Fish." Runge wrote a lot of poems, but did not seek them to print. They entered the capital edition of his letters and literary writings published by His Brother Daniel in 1840-1841 "(p. 476).