Catherine Palace. Main staircase

Her magnesium scope -
Solid dizziness;
She gets the first: "Ah!"
And the first exclamation of admiration.

Carrara marble, mirrors,
Baroque gilding lines,
Sunset burning dotley -
Everything breathes with light, as if someone

There, on "Olymp", where the union
Pagan gods and music,
Lit fire ... and this he
Violated physics law.

Here from Nikolaev time
Guests of the Palace met the retinue
Pairwise built-in columns
From Serdobol granite;

Winged Sonm Caryatid:
"Power", "Merciful", "Reason" -
Other flight, outlook,
Another reality is Orudye.

Here the procession began,
Monarch with family and all the people
With Metropolitan at the head
Walked to Jordan on the Neva,

And all the sucks of all stripes
To holy water carried prayer ...
Here, the Russian king has met guests,
From here - I kept on the battle;

Here everything was nearing: Carnival,
And memorial and oath;
And every service started
From an unforgettable step

On this staircase ... she
Rastrelli themselves created!
There is an ambassador of other powers
Walked, pressing the heart of the diplomas;
Feldmarshals and kings ... and even Pushkin with Natalie!

Reviews

Reader Skup for Warm Words
Where they are truly, relevant,
But from the poems poetess,
I came to amazement first.
Everything, gradually, fell into place, -
Museum world - a source of inspiration,
And we write our poems,
With an open soul, with a clean leaf ...

Marina, I am glad to our second acquaintance, I really liked everything, I will definitely meet new verses. Do not judge strictly my simple poetry, I know little, but I feel sharply))) See you, with warmth, Lena

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Find the desired hall in the Hermitage is a whole art, and even more difficult to be able to find a suitable staircase to move from the floor to the floor. We tell five stories about the central Ermitage stairs in order to better remember their names and skillfully use in a conversation with a caretaker when drawing up a route.

Embassy (Jordanian, Home) Staircase

The majestic and beautiful main staircase of the Winter Palace in the XVIII century played a very important executive role, including in the Avfiladu of the front halls, where the solemn ceremonies and court festivals were held. According to it, ambassadors of foreign countries rose to the central rooms for audiences, so it was called the Embassy. After the revolution, when the palace became a museum, the guides gave her the name of Jordanian, since the royal family and other participants of the cross move, starting from the Big Church and who went to Jordan, a special hole in the frozen Neva, was descended for the feast of baptism on it, which was held by the Baptism.

Main Staircase of the New Hermitage (Terrabnevskaya Staircase)

This staircase is associated with the construction of a new Hermitage - a building created specifically under the museum for the resulting collections of art objects. It was built in 1850 by architect N.E. Efimov under the leadership of V.P. Stasova on the project L. von Klenza. The staircase became the main entrance to the building of the new Hermitage and was similar to the one that led to Athenian Acropolis. Her entrance from the street is decorated with granite sculptures of ten Atlanta, created by Academician A.I. Terebenev, hence another name - the Terebenev staircase. If you look at the staircase from the ground floor site up, you can notice one curious architectural solution: in each next span the number of steps decreases to one, which creates the illusion of an endless road to swell.

According to the main staircase of the new Hermitage, the first visitors of the museum opened on February 7, 1852.

Hermitage opened to a public visit under Nicolae I only in 1852.
With Catherine II, Paul I and Alexandra I, the Hermitage was the likeness of the palace museum, where few people were in the way. D.in order to get to the Hermitage, a special permission was required, which was given only to the chosen. So, for example, the great poet A.S. Pushkin L.iS in 1832could get a permanent museum pass only on recommendation V.A. Zhukovsky, Mentor Children of the Emperor. Famous artists who needed to work in the halls could not always achieve such permission.

Soviet staircase

No relation to the Soviet Union does not have this staircase. Soviet staircase built in the middle of the XIX century by architect A.I. Schuckenshneider, received his name due to the fact that through its entrance was members of the State Council, sent to the meetings that took place under the chairmanship of the king. The staircase is also unique in that it connects three buildings of the museum complex at once: it is reported by the transitional corridor with a small hermitage, from the opposite side along the embankment line there is old Hermitage, the door in the center (opposite windows) lead to the halls of the new Hermitage.

October staircase

The name "Oktyabrskaya" staircase got into memory of the revolutionary events of October 1917, when the troops of the storming penetrated her in the Winter Palace. On the October Stairs, on the night of September 25, 1917, the captured ministers of the Interim Government was displayed.

Neither in one guidebook does not find the exact date of the appearance of this name, and the famous memorial board was installed on it after the new name has taken root. Before that staircase was called "HIE Imperial Majesty", because it was adjacent directly to the apartment of Empress - Spouses (later widow) Paul I Maria Fedorovna and Spouse Alexander II Maria Alexandrovna.

Church staircase

The church staircase is located in close proximity to the Small Church of the Winter Palace, where services were held with the participation of members of the royal family. Several years ago, an amazing case took place in the Hermitage: during the planned electrical work on the site of the second floor of the church staircase, a gypsum sculpture was discovered in the wall.

Sculpture depicts a slave and is called "white slave". In the process of restoration, finding it turned out that he created her famous sculptor Vladimir Beklemishev at the end of the XIX century. And in 1893 it represented Russia at the World Exhibition in Chicago. How and why she fell into "imprisonment" - it is unknown, but she spent over 60 years. There were no such discoveries in the museum more than a century.

Source: Fiesta · City

A source https://vk.com/spb.welcome?w\u003dwall-60191095_74818.

About the front stairs

Parade stairs - The main stairs leading to the frontal entrance of the palace. The main staircase is most often all the central place in the palace. This is a monumental, enriched with finishing a structural element of the interior. It uses elite, noble wood species, natural stone, finishing with gold and silver.

Majestic and beautiful main staircase of the Winter Palace (Embassy (Jordanskaya)) - Main attractions of the Northern Capital. Beautiful and majestic interior, about which an expert of architecture A.P. Bashutsk wrote that this staircase is "decisively the only one in Europe on the beauty of the location and extensity." It is she who is called to the first to show that the Palace is the imperial residence, that is, not only the place of residence of the head of state and holding a different kind of celebrations, but the "face of the country": the testimony of its power, wealth, high culture.

Soviet staircase , main entrance to the building of the old Hermitage. The official decoration of the stairs emphasizes the emblem of the Russian Empire, a double-headed eagle, located at the level of the second floor site under the imperial crown.
The white gramist staircase was built on the spot, which had previously occupied the oval hall. One of the preserved reminders about the early decoration of the hall is the picturesque painting of the ceiling, on the allegorical plot "Virtues are represented by the goddess Minerwe Russian Youthful", performed by the French artist of the eighteenth century, Gabriel-Francois Duien. An outstanding element of the decoration of the Soviet staircase is a large size of a malachitic vase, made in Yekaterinburg in the technique of Russian mosaic. The Soviet staircase is undoubtedly an architectural masterpiece of the State Hermitage

The main staircase of the new Hermitage (Terrabnev Staircase) . This staircase was the main entrance to the building of the new Hermitage. Her entrance from the street is decorated with granite sculptures of ten Atlantov, created by Academician A. I. Terebenev (1815 - 1859). The design of the staircase is constructed in the spirit of late classicism - using elements of classical art, with clarity characteristic, symmetry, predominance of clear and straight lines. A wide staircase of sixty nine marble white steps on both sides is limited to smooth, without any jewelry, planes of walls covered with a smooth shiny layer of yellow pokko. Its warm tone effectively contrasts with a cold gray tone of porphy-level monolithic columns, towering two parallel rows high above the walls of the stairs.

The Ermitage Embassy staircase is the main front staircase of the Winter Palace. According to it, ambassadors of foreign states rose to the palace. The name "Jordanian" staircase received due to the fact that the royal family on the feast of the baptism of the Lord descended her to Jordan - a special hole in a frozen Neve, where he passed the rite.
The staircase is made by Francesco Bartolomeo Rastrelli in Baroque style. The front staircase was restored after the fire of 1837. V.P. Stasov, preserved in general terms. F.B. Rastrelli.

2 White marble sculptures and balustrades, gray marble columns, luxurious gilding gypsum stucco - everything causes admiration. Let's go through it?

3 The white plastry staircase branches in different directions: to the right and left, diverges two wide solemn marches, which are again connected at the top platform. It takes the entire height of the building (height is 22 meters). Wide staircase with convenient low steps - on them well climb in chic ballroom dresses

4 During the restoration of the staircase after the fire of Stasov, the gilded carved bales of heavy marble balustrade was replaced. Balyasits are made from Carrarsky marble sculptors F. Trisorni and E. Modern

5

6 Walls decorate the decorative sculpture of the era of ancient Rome. Atlant.

7 Caryatida

8

9 Sculptures "Justice" and "Mercy"

10 On the top platform of the stairs - monolithic columns from gray (serdobolsky) granite - Petersburg stone. Ten monolithic columns of the Corinthian order decorate and maintain stairs

11

12

13 In the central niche, the statue of "Lady", brought from the Tavrichesky Palace

14

15

16 central plafof stairs area of \u200b\u200babout 200 square meters. It shows the picturesque composition of Olympus, the work of the Italian artist of the XVIII century Gasparo Ditiani, which rests on the hollows decorated with figure-ornamental paintings in the "Griezail" manner. Choosing a 18th century plane in the storage room with the image of Olympus, Stasov included it in the ceiling composition, and since the new ceiling turned out to be somewhat less than the old, the remaining space of the artist A.I. Solovyov painted stasova sketches

17 In 1898-1901, electric lighting devices in the form of a chandelier and heron made of non-ferrous metal, gold-plated galvanic, were used to illuminate the stairs.

18 They were made in erectural stylistics under the direction of architect L.N. Benoit in drawing by artist V. Emme at the St. Petersburg Plant A. Moragan

The Catherine Palace got into the Chinese hall - the indispensable interior of the baroque palace Chinese room is one of the most beautiful premises of the palace. The decorator talent of Rastrelli fully manifested itself in its design, destroyed in Catherine II, when in her place, in the center of the building, a new front staircase was built.

When Rastrelli, the hall was illuminated with six double windows. The lower windows also performed the functions of the doors that were on the balconies of the two front porches.

The walls of the room were partially decorated with real Chinese carved varnishes, and partly - gilded carvings depicting Chinese under umbrellas, pagodas, baskets, palm trees and other exotic plants. The space above the door to the ceiling itself was occupied by gilded desesytems, over which the cornice painted painted by Chinese motifs. Bracket shelves were located on the walls of the hall, on which the rarest products from the Chinese and Japanese porcelain were blocked.

The impression of exotic luxury enhanced four composite mirrors inserted into gilded frames; They reflected intricate carving, bright porcelain paints, dark boards of Chinese varnishes and flickering candles. The ceiling of the Chinese room decorated the ceiling, written by a French artist J.L. Selly with the participation of I. Velsky on the plot of a luxurious "Chinese wedding".

Chinese motives were in great fashion throughout Europe XVIII century. Fancy and elegant shapes sparkling paint shine, amazing thoroughness of the decoration of Chinese things admired Europeans. The courtyard of the Russian Empress, which fed the weakness to dazzling beauty and luxury, was no exception. Interest in "Chinese" was stimulated by the influx of precious products, annually brought to Russia merchants. These products were so in demand at the courtyard of Elizabeth Petrovna that special auctions were arranged in the palace, which all the highest aristocracy came.

Under Catherine II, in 1752-1756, with the restructuring of the Bolshoi Tsarskoye Palace, there was a parade staircase at a distance from the entrance gate, in with a spire (on the site of the current Zubovsky Flygel).

Later, the parade staircase of Rastrelli was destroyed: on April 16, 1778, funds were allocated to break the Big Palace, together with the one-story flibeme, which was adjusted to it from the courtyard, and on the construction of a new flaghel on the project.

Instead of her, by the will of the centered hostess of the royal village, Cameron elevated (mahogany) in the center of the palace, on the site of the designed Rastrelli of the Chinese hall.

In 1860-1863, the staircase again underwent restructuring

From the end of the 1850s, Architect I. A. Monighetti is working on a project for the reconstruction of the front staircase in the central part of the Big Tsarskoye Palace.

In 1860, the old wooden staircase was disassembled, after which, under the new stone walls, they summed up a ray foundation and erected six marches of a new staircase with carved marble railings: two lower ones lead to an intermediate wide platform, from which the upwards are still two pairs of marches "compositely fixed ornamented snubs "crowned marble vases.

The parade staircase, created by I. A. Monigretti in marble, in Rococo style, takes all the height and width of the palace and illuminated from the East and the West by windows located in three tiers. White marble steps rise from two sides to the middle platform, with which four march leads to the second floor, to the front halls.

On the walls of the interior decorated with a stucco ornament, decorative vases and dishes of the Chinese and Japanese porcelain of the XVII-XVIII centuries are placed in memory of the Chinese hall in the middle of the 18th century.

On the walls, hollow and the ceiling was made; Four doors are decorated with stucco decorations from cardboard Pierre, desesyports and Caryatids; On the south and northern walls are arranged.

On the walls in the stucco ornament are made of colossal clock and calendar.

Above the middle ladder under the "bra-figures" of the Amurov in the frame of the garlands is established in bronze gilded frames with enamel dials, made in the St. Petersburg workshop of Mozer.

The six top windows are decorated with cast-iron lattices with bronze "gilded through the fire" decorations.

In the lower floor, a sleek mosaic floor "from the Venetian Taras" was arranged, under the arch of the stairs - slab, and the staircases are smelted with white marble plates.

The entrance to the staircase was drawn up two zinc candelars with decorations made of gold-plated bronze "On five lamps", twelve bronze lamps were located at the pilaster in the Belfare. Demports and window lattices were supplemented.

All work was performed from the best white carrarsky marble released from the treasury.

According to the contract, P. T. Dylev was supposed to "write three paintings of the allegorical image and Fresco on a ceiling", but when submission to the highest statement of sketch of painting for Plafon, Alexander II instructed the Vice-President of the Imperial Academy of Arts by Prince G. Gagarin, along with . A. Bruni and Moniggetti to inspect the pictures stored in the storage room of the Hermitage and the Tauride Palace "to select decent for this Plafon." In the Tauride Palace, three paintings were selected and sent to the royal village: "Galatia" of the school of Reni, "Venus Triumph" J.-M. VIENA and a copy of the "abduction of Europe" of the same Reni. On May 10, 1860, the paintings were placed on the view of the emperor in a large dining room and received approval.

The staircase has access to the park and the area where the large outdoor balcony is facing. From Him, Empress Catherine II looked at the shelves who returned from parades or maneuvers held by the ceremonial march. On the steps of the indoor entrance of the staircase formed by this balcony, later the Lodge was arranged, in which Alexander Fedorovna was present with children during the highest reviews. The entrance of the front staircase from the park is preserved by the form in which Rastrelli built it.

During the Great Patriotic War, the fire destroyed the decorative decoration of the front staircase: overlapping and roofing were collapsed, excellent figures of Caryatid were completely destroyed; Marble steps, facing of sites and adorning their VAZ were broken.

From the letter OT. April 27, 1944: The front staircase without ceiling, the modeling is very damaged. Marble marches are broken, Vases are reset, lie among the burntable beams; It is dangerous to walk: it is assumed that the foundations are laid ... behind the stairs, the burned failure on the site of a silver dining room ...

Partially preserved only a collection of porcelain, exported to evacuation, as well as fragments of marble VAZ and balustrades found among the ruins. Until 1941, the platform emerging in the park was decorated with a marble sculpture of the Unknown Master of the late XVIII century, depicting Empress Catherine II (now - in the Museum Meeting).

Restoration of the stairs ended in 1964 year. The parade staircase, like most of the halls of the front abrasion, is completely restored. The stucco decor of the walls was renovated by layers of special scientific and restoration workshops (Brigades A. V. Vagina), and the sculptors of E. P. Maslennikov and G. A. Mikhailova.

Now at the site of the stairs, significantly renovated marble and, performed by V. P. Broadz, in 1860.

In the XIX century, the ceiling of the front staircase was decorated with a picturesque plafof Zh.-M. Vieen "Triumph Venus" and two paintings of Reni - "Abduction of Europe" and "Galatia", who died during the war years with the collapsed overlaps. To recreate the decoration of the stairs, the cloths were selected, corresponding to pre-war compositions in style and sizes. The central picture of the "Court of Paris", written by the Italian painter K. Maratti, and the picture "Jupiter and Callisto" Brush P. Liberi were obtained from the collection of the State Hermitage. The composition "Eney and Venus" of an unknown Italian artist of the XVIII century, located on the west, presented the Palace-Museum of Leningrad A. Tikhomirov.

Currently, the collection of the museum has more than 3,000,000 exhibits. This is primarily paintings and sculptures, applied art objects, as well as other works of art. If you consider each exhibit one minute, it will take 8 years to inspect the entire collection. For inspection of all exposures, 20 kilometers must be passed.

Five buildings related to each other on the Palace Embankment make up the Hermitage Museum Complex:

* Winter Palace (1754 - 1762, Architect B. F. Rastrelli)
* Small Hermitage (1764 - 1775, Architects J. B. Vallen-Demotam, Yu. M. Felten, V. P. Stasov). The complex of the Small Hermitage includes the North and South Pavilions, as well as the famous suspension garden.
* Big Hermitage (1771 - 1787, Architect Yu. M. Felten)
* New Hermitage (1842 - 1851, Architects Leo Background Klenzez, V. P. Stasov, N. E. Efimov)
* Hermitage Theater (1783 - 1787, Architect J. Kaprengy)

View from the Neva to the complex of buildings of the State Hermitage: From left to right, the Hermitage Theater - Big (old) Hermitage - Small Hermitage - Winter Palace; (New Hermitage is located for the big)

Buildings and Expositions of the Hermitage in St. Petersburg

The famous building of the museum complex - the Winter Palace. All who comes to the palace area admire this building created by the architect B.F. Rastrelli in 1754-1762. In addition to him, a small complex includes a small Hermitage (architect J.B.M. Wallen-Demotam: Large Hermitage, (architect Yu.M. Felten), Hermitage Theater (architect J. Cvarenging) and New Hermitage (L. Background Klenzse ).

The museum presents the expositions of the department of ancient world, the Western European department, the department of the East, the department of primitive culture, the department of the history of Russian culture (they include palace interiors, Palaces of Menshikov and Winter) ,. "Golden Storeroom", the department of numismatics.

Jordanian staircase in the Hermitage of St. Petersburg

From the lobby on the second floor, the Jordanian staircase leads, which almost unchanged its original appearance. Only after the fire of 1834, wooden gilded sculptures in the niches were replaced with marble. And the columns from artificial marble replaced the granite. The staircase received its name on the ceremony of consecration of water in the Neva.

The central plafof portrays the gods on the mountain Olympus.

Feldmarshal Hall

The hall was created in 1833-1834. Auguste Monferran. After the completion of construction, in 1834, on the walls of the Feldmarsh Hall in six of the seven Niche posted portraits of Russian Field Marshal. In March 2012, the decoration of the hall was fully restored. Portraits of Passevich-Erivansky, Suvorov-Ramnica, Gorelschev-Kutuzov-Smolensky, Potemkin-Tavrichesky, Rumyantsev-Zadunaysky, Dibic-Barokalkanian were returned to the place. The seventh niche, as well as the established tradition in the XIX century, is empty

Field Marshal Hall. Winter Palace. Sadovnikov Vasily Semenovich

Eduard Petrovich Gau.

Zaryanko S.K.

Portrait of Ivan Paskovich Russia, Franz Kruger 1834 St. Petersburg, State Hermitage.

Portrait of A.V. Suvorov 1833 N.-S. Phros

P. Basin. Prince M. Kutuzov-Smolensky.

Petrovsky (Small Trone) Hall

The hall was created in 1833.o. R. de Monferran and restored after the fire of 1837g.v. P. Stasov. The hall is devoted to the memory of Peter I -in, the interior decoration includes the Emperor's monogram (two Latin letters "P"), double-headed eagles and crowns. In niche, decorated to a triumphal arch, there is a picture "Peter I Smunerty". In the upper part of the walls, the canvas are placed, representing Peter the Great in the battles of the Northern War (p. Scotty and B. Medici). The throne was performed in St. Petersburg at the end of the XVIII century. The hall is decorated with silver with silver panels of island velvet and silver products of St. Petersburg work.

Eduard Petrovich Gau.

Zaryanko S.K. Petrovsky

Herbal Hall

The Herbal Hall of the Winter Palace, designed for solemn techniques, was created by V. P. Stasov at the end of the 1830s. The entrance to the hall is the sculptural groups of the Old Russian warriors with the signs, on the trenches of which shields with the coat of arms of the Russian provinces were fixed. In addition, the coat of arms of the provinces are located on gold-plated bronze chandeliers. Increased colonnade, carrying balcony with balustrade, frieze with an ornament from acacan leaves, and a combination of gold with white creates the impression of greatness and solemnity. In the center of the hall - a bowl of the Avanturin of the work of Yekaterinburg Kamnezes XIX.

"Big" French coach, 1720s. Tapestry Manufactory, Paris

Eduard Petrovich Gau.
Ladyurner, Adolf Ignatievich - Types of the halls of the Winter Palace

Military Gallery 1812

The gallery is devoted to the victory of Russian weapons over Napoleon. It was built on the project of Karl Ivanovich Rossi and solemnly open on the anniversary of the expulsion of Bonaparte from Russia, on December 25, 1826, in the presence of an imperial courtyard, generals, officers and soldiers, awarded for participation in the Patriotic War of 1813 and in the foreign campaign of the Russian Army 1813 - 14 The portraits of 332 generals of the War of 1812 and foreign hiking of 1813-1814 were placed on its walls on its walls. In addition, portraits of Emperor Alexander I and the King of Prussia Friedrich-Wilhem III, F. Kruger, Portrait of Emperor Austria Franz I work P. Krafts are placed in the gallery. The prototype of the gallery served as one of the halls of the Windsor Palace, dedicated to the memory of the battle at Waterloo, in which portraits of the participants of the Battle of Peoples were concentrated.

Portrait of Alexander I (1838). Artist F. Kruger.

Austrian Emperor Franz I. Artist P. Kraft.

Prussian king Frederick Wilhelm III. Artist F. Kruger.

Feldmarshal M.I. Kutuzov.

Feldmarshal Barclay de Tolly.

Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich.

(http://gallerix.ru) "border \u003d" 0 "\u003e

Military Gallery of the Winter Palace, G.G. Chernetsov, 1827.

(http://gallerix.ru) "border \u003d" 0 "\u003e

Eduard Petrovich Gau.

Pushkin, admired by this gallery, in his poem "commander" dedicated to her a few stanz. They are knocked out on the marble board installed here.

Georgievsky (big throne) hall

The Hall of the Winter Palace was created in the early1840s. V. P. Stasov, who retained the composite decision of his predecessor J. Kaprengy. Two-winged Column Hall is decorated by carrarian marble and gold-plated bronze. Above the throne place is placed the bas-relief "Georgy Victorious, striking the dragon's spear". The Big Imperial Throne was performed by the score of Empress Anna John in London (N. Clausen, 1731-1732). Morning parquet, created from 16 tree breeds. The solemn decoration of the hall corresponds to its purpose: there were official ceremonies and techniques.

Ukhtomsky Konstantin Andreevich

Poles - Throne speech of Nicholas II during the opening of the State Duma in the Winter Palace