The classical definition states that the tempo in music is the speed of movement. But what is meant by this? The fact is that in music there is its own time measurement unit. This is no second, as in physics, and not the hours-minute, to which we are accustomed to life.

Musical time most resembles the beat of the human heart, measuring pulse blows. These strikes and measure time. And precisely which they are fast or slow, the pace is dependent, that is, the total speed of movement.

When we listen to music, we do not hear this ripple, unless, of course, it is not specifically shown by shock instruments. But each musician is hidden, inside himself necessarily feels these blows of the pulse, it is they help to play or sing rhythmically without deviating from the main pace.

Here is an example. Everyone knows the melody of the New Year's song "A Christmas tree was born in the forest." In this melody, the movement is mainly eighth (sometimes there are other). At the same time, the pulse beats, it just does not hear it, but we are specially voiced by a shock tool. Listen to this example, and you will begin to feel the beat of the pulse in this song:

What are the rates in music?

All the pace, which only is in music, can be divided into three main groups: slow, moderate (that is, medium) and fast. In music records, the pace is made to designate special terms, most of which are the words of Italian origin.

So the slow pace includes Largo and Lento, as well as Adagio and Grave.

The rates are moderate to the Andante and the derived from it andantino, in addition - Moderato, Sosentuto and Allegretto.

Finally, they will list the rapid rates, this: funny allegro, "live" vivo and vivace, as well as fast Presto and the most last Pestissimo.

How to set an accurate pace?

Is it possible to measure the musical pace in seconds? It turns out, it is possible. To do this, use a special device - metronome. The inventor of the mechanical metronome is the German mechanical physicist and the musician Johann Melzel. Now the musicians in their daily rehearsals use both mechanical metronomas and electronic analogues - as a separate device or application on the phone.

What is the principle of action of the metronome? This device after special settings (move the load on the scale) beats the pulse blows at a certain speed (for example, 80 shots per minute or 120 beats per minute, etc.).

Metronoma clicks resemble loud clock ticking. This or that frequency of the beat of these blows corresponds to one of the musical pace. For example, for a rapid pace of Allegro, the frequency will be about 120-132 shock per minute, and for a slow pace ADAGIO - about 60 shots per minute.

These are the main points relating to the music tempo, we wanted to convey to you. If you still have questions, please email them in the comments. To new meetings.

How many mechanisms and wonders of the equipment are invented by man. And how many are borrowed to them in nature! .. Sometimes you unwittingly, the diva is given that things from different and seemingly not interconnected areas obey the general laws. In this article, we will conduct a parallel between the instrument asking the rhythm in the music - metronome, and our heart, which has a physiological property to generate and regulate rhythmic activity.

This work is published as part of the competition of popular science articles held at the Biology Conference - Science of the 21st Century in 2015.

Metronome ... What is this for the thing? And this is the same device that is using musicians to install rhythm. The metronome is evenly retreated by strikes, allowing you to accurately adhere to the necessary duration of each tact in the performance of the entire musical work. Also nature: both "music" and "metronome" has a long time ago. The first thing that comes to mind is when trying to remember that in the body can be like a metronome, is a heart. This metronome is not true? Also evenly rebuilds the blows, even though taking the music play! But in our heart metronome, there is not so much the high accuracy of the intervals between blows, how much the opportunity is constantly without stopping, maintaining rhythm. It is this property and will be our main topic today.

So where in our "metronome" is hidden responsible for all the spring?

And day and night without stopping ...

We all know (even more - we can feel) that our heart works constantly and independently. After all, we absolutely do not think about controlling the work of the heart muscle. Moreover, even completely isolated from the body, the heart will rhythmically shrink if the nutrients admission to it (see video). How does this happen? This is an incredible property - cardiac automatism - Provided by a conductive system that generates regular pulses propagating throughout the heart and process control. That is why the elements of this system are called drivers Rhythm, or paisMakers (from English. racemaker. - asking rhythm). Normally, the cordial orchestra is conducted by the main pacemaker - the synoatic node. But the question still remains: how do they get it? Let's deal with.

Reducing the heart of the rabbit without external incentives.

Pulses are electricity. Where electricity comes from us, we know - this is the membrane resting potential (MPP) *, which is an indispensable attribute of any live cell on Earth. The difference in ionic composition on different sides of the selectively permeable cell membrane (called electrochemical gradient) Determines the ability to generate pulses. Under certain conditions, channels open in the membrane (which are protein molecules with a hole of a variable radius), through which ions pass to align the concentration on both sides of the membrane. There is a potential of action (PD) - the same electrical impulse propagating the nervous fibers and ultimately leading to muscle reductions. After passing the wave of the potential of the action, the gradients of the concentrations of ions are returned to their initial positions, and the diaphragmal potential of rest is restored, which allows generating pulses again and again. However, the generation of these impulses requires an external incentive. How then it turns out that pacemakers alone generate rhythm?

* - figuratively and very clear about the junctions through the membrane of the "relaxing" neuron, intracellular arrest of negative public elements of ions, the orphanage share of sodium, the proud independence of potassium from sodium and unrequited love of cells to Kalia, seeking quietly comfortable, - see the article " Formation of the diaphragmal potential of rest» . - Ed.

Be patient. Before answering this question, you will have to recall the details of the mechanism for generating the potential of action.

Potential - where does the capabilities come from?

We have already noted that there is a difference of charges between the inner and outer sides of the cell membrane, that is, the membrane polarized (Fig. 1). Actually, this difference is the membrane potential, the usual value of which is about -70 mV (minus sign means that inside the negative charge cell is greater). The penetration of charged particles through the membrane does not occur, for this it contains an impressive range of special proteins - ion channels. The classification of them is based on the type of ion transmitted: allocate sodium , kaliva , calcium, chlorine And other channels. Channels are able to open and close, but they do it only under the action of a certain incentive. After completing the stimulation, the channels like the door on the spring are automatically closed.

Figure 1. Polarization of the membrane. The inner surface of the nerve cell membrane is negative, and the outdoor is positive. The image is schematic, the details of the structure of the membrane and ion channels are not shown. Figure from the site dic.academic.ru.

Figure 2. Distribution of the potential of action by nerve fiber. Blue is designated depolarization phase, green - repolarization. The arrows show the direction of movement of Na + ions and K +. Figure from cogsci.stacckexchange.com.

Stimulus - as a call of the welcome guest at the door: He calls, the door opens and the guest comes. The stimulus can be a mechanical effect, and a chemical substance, and an electric current (by changing the membrane potential). Accordingly, the channels have mechanical, hemo- and potential-sensitive. As doors with a button, you can only find the favorites.

So, under the action of changes in the membrane potential, certain channels open and skip ions. This change can be diverse depending on the charge and direction of the movement of ions. In the case when positively charged ions enroll in cytoplasm, occurs depolarization - A short change of the sign of charges on different sides of the membrane (the negative charge is established on the outside, and on the inner - positive) (Fig. 2). The prefix "de" means "movement down", "decrease", that is, the polarization of the membrane decreases, and the numerical expression of the negativity of the potential of the module is reduced (for example, from the initial -70 mV to -60 mV). When the cage includes negative ions or outward positive, occurs hyperpolarization . The prefix "hyper-" means "excessiveness", and polarization, on the contrary, becomes more pronounced, and the MPP becomes even more negative (from -70 mV to -80 mV, for example).

But small MP shifts are not enough to generate a pulse, which will spread along the nerve fiber. After all, by definition, action potential - this is the excitation wave propagating on the living cell membrane in the form of a short-term change of the potential sign on a small area (Fig. 2). In fact, it is the same depolarization, but in a larger scale and wave-like spreading along the nerve fiber. To achieve this effect, serve potential-sensitive ion channelswhich are very widely represented in the membranes of excitable cells - neurons and cardiomyocytes. The first at the start of the action potential of the action opens sodium (Na +) channels, which leads to the entrance to the cell of these ions by gradient concentration: After all, outside them were significantly more than inside. Those values \u200b\u200bof the membrane potential under which depolarizing channels are opened are called threshold And act as a trigger (Fig. 3).

Similarly, the potential and applies: when the threshold values \u200b\u200bare reached, the adjacent potential-sensitive channels open, generating fast depolarization, which extends further and further on the membrane. If the depolarization was not sufficiently strong and the threshold was not achieved, the mass opening of the channels does not occur, and the shear of the membrane potential remains a local event (Fig. 3, notation 4).

The potential of action, like any wave, has a downward phase (Fig. 3, notation 2), which is called repolarization ("Re-" means "restoration") and is to restore the initial distribution of ions on different sides of the cell membrane. The first event in this process is the opening of potassium (k +) channels. Although potassium ions are also charged positively, their movement is directed outward (Fig. 2, green plot), since the equilibrium distribution of these ions is opposite to Na + potassium a lot inside the cell, and there is little in the intercellular space *. Thus, the outflow of positive charges from the cell balancing the number of positive charges entered into the cell. But in order to completely return the excitable cell into the initial state, the sodium-potassium pump must be activated, which is transporting sodium outwards, and potassium inside.

* - The sake of fairness should be clarified that sodium and potassium are the main, but not the only ions participating in the formation of the action potential. The process also involves a stream of negatively charged chloride (CL -) ions, which, as well as sodium, more outside the cell. By the way, in plants and mushrooms the potential of action and is largely based on chlorine, and not on the cation. - Ed.

Channels, Channels and Channels

The tedious explanation of the details ended, so we will return to the topic! So, we found out the main thing - the impulse really does not occur just like that. It is generated by opening ion channels in response to an incentive in the form of depolarization. Moreover, depolarization should be of such a value to open a sufficient number of channels to displace the membrane potential to threshold values \u200b\u200b- such that will launch the opening of the neighboring channels and generate the present potential of the action. But after all, the rhythm drivers in the heart cost without any external incentives (see the video at the beginning of the article!). How do they do it?

Figure 3. Changes in the membrane potential at different phases of the potential of action. MPP is equal to -70 mV. The threshold value of the potential is -55 mV. 1 - ascending phase (depolarization); 2 - downward phase (repolarization); 3 - trace hyperpolarization; 4 - Dorporate displacements of the potential that did not lead to the generation of a full impulse. Figure from Wikipedia.

Remember, we said that there is an impressive diversity of channels? They really do not consider: it's how to have separate doors in the house for each guest, and even manage the entrance and the yield of visitors depending on the weather and day of the week. So, there are such "doors", which are called low rigging channels. Continuing an analogy with a guest inlet to the house, you can imagine that the call button is located quite high, and to call, you must first get up on the thresholds. The higher this button is, the higher the threshold should be. The threshold is the magnitude of the membrane potential, and for each type of ion channels, this threshold has its value (for example, for sodium channels is -55 mV; see Fig. 3).

So, low-threshold channels (for example, calcium) are opened at very small displacements the value of the membrane care potential. To get to the button of these "doors", it is enough to stand just on the rug in front of the door. Another interesting property of low-rolled channels: after the opening / closing act, they cannot open again immediately, but only after some hyperpolarization, which displays them from an inactive state. And hyperpolarization, except for those cases that we talked above, it also occurs at the end of the potential of action, as its last phase (Fig. 3, notation 3), due to the excessive yon of K + ions from the cell.

So what do we have? If there are low-row calcium calcium (Ca 2+) channels (NKK), generate a pulse (or the action potential) becomes easier after the passage of the previous pulse. A minor capacity change - and the channels are already open, the CA 2+ cations are passed inside and depolarize the membrane to such a level so that the channels with a higher threshold and launched the scale development of the PD wave. At the end of this wave, hyperpolarization again translates the inactivated low-rolled channels into the readiness state.

And if there were no these low row channels? Hyperpolarization after each PD wave would reduce the excitability of the cell and its ability to generate pulses, because under such conditions to achieve the threshold potential it would be necessary to let in a cytoplasm much more positive ions. And in the presence of the NCC, only a small displacement of the membrane potential is enough to run the entire sequence of events. Thanks to the activity of low-rolled channels increased excitability of cells And the state of "combat readiness" is restored faster to generate an energetic rhythm.

But that's not all. The threshold of the NCC although small but there is. So what does the MPP displays even to such a low threshold? We found out that PaisMakers do not need any external incentives?! So here the heart has for this funny canals. No, really. They are called - Funny Channels (from English. funny. - "funny", "funny" and channels. - Channels). Why are funny? Yes, because the majority of potential-sensitive channels opens when depolarization, and these are eccentrics - with hyperpolarization (with de, on the contrary, closed). These channels include the family of proteins, penetrating the membranes of the cells of the heart and CNS and wearing a very serious name - cyclic nucleotides controlled hyperpolarization-activated channels (HCN - hyperPolarization-Activated Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated), since the discovery of these channels is facilitated by interacting with CAMF (cyclic adenosine monophosphate). So there was a missing fragment in this puzzle. HCN-channels, open at the values \u200b\u200bof the potential close to the MPP, and transmitting inside Na + and K +, shifted this potential to the low threshold values. Continuing our analogy - the missing rug. So the entire cascade of opening / closets of the channels is repeated, docked and rhythmically self-sustained (Fig. 4).

Figure 4. Paismaker action potential. NPK - low-row channels, MIC - high-pressure channels. The dashed line is the threshold value of the potential for MIC. Different colors show the sequential stages of the action potential.

So, the conductive heart system consists of pacemeter cells (rhythm drivers), which are capable of autonomously and rhythmically generate pulses by opening and closing a whole set of ion channels. The peisker cell feature is the presence of such types of ion channels, which shift the rest potential to the threshold immediately after the cell reaches the last phase of the excitation, which allows you to continuously generate the action potentials.

Thanks to this, the heart is also autonomically and rhythmically declining under the action of pulses propagating in myocardium on the "wires" of the conductive system. Moreover, the actual reduction in the heart (systole) falls on the phase of rapid depolarization and repolarization of pacemeters, and relaxation (diastole) - for slow depolarization (Fig. 4). Well, the overall picture of all electrical processes in the heart we see electrocardiogram - ECG (Fig. 5).

Figure 5. Electrocardiogram diagram. Teeth P is the spread of excitement of atrial muscular cells; QRS complex - the distribution of excitation on muscle cells of ventricles; ST segment and Tusk T - the repolarization of the muscles of the ventricles. Figure.

Calibration metronoma

It's no secret to anyone that is like a metronome, the increment frequency of which is in the power of the musician, the heart can beat more often or less. With such a musician-tutorial, we have a vegetative nervous system, and its regulatory wheels - adrenalin(towards the increase in abbreviations) and acetylcholine (up to reduction). I wonder what changing the heart rate is mainly due to shortening or renewal of diastole. And it is logical, because the response time of the heart muscle itself is pretty hard to speed up, much easier to change the time of her rest. Since diastole corresponds to the phase of slow depolarization, then the regulation should be carried out by influencing its flow mechanism (Fig. 6). In fact, it comes out. As we have discussed earlier, slow depolarization is ensured by the activities of low-rolling calcium and "funny" non-selective (sodium-potassium) channels. "Orders" of the vegetative nervous system is addressed mainly to these performers.

Figure 6. Slow and fast rhythm change potentials of pacemaker cells. With increasing duration of slow depolarization ( BUT) Rhythm slows down (shown by the stroke line, compare with Fig. 4), whereas its decrease ( B.) leads to increased discharges.

Adrenalin, Under the action of which our heart begins to be pounding like a crazy, opens additional calcium and "funny" channels (Fig. 7a). Interacting with receptors β 1 *, adrenaline stimulates education from ATP CAMF ( secondary intermediary), which in turn activates ion channels. As a result, even more positive ions penetrates the cage, and depolarization develops faster. As a result, slow depolarization is reduced, and PD is generated more often.

* - structures and conformational restructuring of activated G-white-represented receptors (including adrenoreceptors) participating in a variety of physiological and pathological processes described in articles: " New frontier: a spatial structure of β 2 -adrenoreceptor» , « Receptors in active form» , « β-adrenoreceptors in active form» . - Ed.

Figure 7. The mechanism of sympathetic (a) and parasympathetic (b) regulation of the activities of ion channels involved in the generation of the effect of the effect of peismaker cells of the heart. Explanations in the text. Figure.

Another type of reaction is observed when interacting acetylcholina With its receptor (also in cell membrane). Acetylcholine - "Agent" of the parasympathetic nervous system, which, unlike the sympathetic, allows us to relax, slow the heartbeat and calmly enjoy life. So, the muskarine receptor activated by acetylcholine launches the transform reaction of the G-protein, which inhibits the opening of low-rolling calcium channels and stimulates the discovery of potassium (Fig. 7b). This leads to the fact that the cell of positive ions (Ca 2+) goes less, and it comes out (K +) more. All this takes the form of hyperpolarization and slows down the generation of impulses.

It turns out that our paissemakers are autonomicious, but not freed from the regulation and adjustment from the body. If necessary, we mobilize and be fast, and if you do not need to run anywhere - we will relax.

Break - do not build

To understand how "the" Dong "the body of those or other elements, scientists learned to" turn off ". For example, blocking low-rod calcium channels immediately leads to noticeable violations of the rhythm: on the ECG recorded on the heart of such experimental animals, the lengthening of the interval between abbreviations (Fig. 8a) is noticeable, and there is also a decrease in the frequency of pacemaker activity (Fig. 8b). PaisMakers are heavier to move the membrane potential to threshold values. And if you "turn off" channels that are activated by hyperpolarization? In this case, the embryos of mice at all will not be formed by the "mature" pacemaker activity (automatism). Sadly, this embryo dies on 9-11 days of its development, as soon as the heart makes the first attempts to decline independently. It turns out that the channels described play a critical role in the functioning of the heart, and without them, as they say, nowhere.

Figure 8. Consequences of blocking low-row calcium channels. BUT - ECG. B. - The rhythmic activity of the cell-pacemaker cells of an atrioventricular node * of the normal mouse heart (WT - Wild Type, wild type) and the mouse of the genetic line with the missing subtype of Ca V 3.1 of low row calcium channels. Figure.
* - Atrial and ventricular assembly controls the conduct of impulses, normally generated by the sinus-atrial node, in the ventricles, and in the pathology of the synoatroitrial node, becomes the main driver of the heart rhythm.

This is such a small story about small cogs, springs and weights, which, being elements of one complex mechanism, ensure the coordinated work of our "metronome" - the driver of the heart rhythm. It remains only one thing - to climb out the nature that I made such a wonderful device that serves as faithfully and the truth every day and without our efforts!

Literature

1. Ashcroft F. Spark Lifestyle. Electricity in the human body. M.: Alpina Non-Fikshn, 2015. - 394 p.;
2. Wikipedia: "Action potential"; FUNCTIONAL ROLES OF CA V 1.3, CA V 3.1 and HCN CHANNELS IN Automaticity of Mouse Atrioventricular Cells. Channels.. 5 , 251–261;
3. Stieber J., Herrmann S., Feil S., Löster J., FEIL R., Biel M. et al. (2003). The Hyperpolarization-Activated Channel HCN4 IS Required for the Generation of Pacemaker Action Potentials in the Embryonic Heart. Proc. NATL. ACAD. SCI. USA. 100 , 15235–15240..

The one who does not engage in music can be considered a metronome useless device, and many do not even know what it is and what is his purpose. The word "metronome" has a Greek origin, and it was formed after the merger of two words "law" and "measure". The invention of the metronome is associated with the name of the Grand Composer Beethoven, which suffered deafness. The musician focused on the movement of the pendulum to feel the pace of the work. The "parent" of the metronome is the Austrian inventor Melzel I.N. The brilliant creator managed to construct the metronome so that it became possible to install the desired pace of the game.

What is the metronome?

Metronome - This is a device that reproduces regular sounds at a specific pace. By the way, the number of blows per minute can be installed on your own. Who uses this rhythm machine? The beginners trying to master the game on the guitar, piano or other instrument, the metronome is simply necessary. After all, learning the solo party, you can run the metronome to adhere to a certain rhythm. Music lovers, students of music schools and schools, professionals do not cost without a metronome. Despite the fact that the sounds of the metronome resemble the loud "ticking" of the clock, this sound is perfectly audible when playing on any instrument. The mechanism counts the share of the clock and play becomes very convenient.

Mechanics or electronics?

Previously, everyone appeared mechanical metronomeMade of plastic or wood. The pendulum knocks off the beat, and with the help of the slider set a specific pace. The movement of the pendulum is well caught laterally vision. It is worth noting that the main "monsters" of musical art prefer mechanical metronometers.

Sometimes found metronometer with a bell (in the figure on the left), which emphasizes a strong share in the tact. Accent can be set according to the size of the musical work. Clocks of a mechanical pendulum are not particularly tightened, and perfectly combined with the sound of any tool, and each can configure a metronome.

Indisputable plus mechanical devices - Independence from the batteries. Often, metronometers are compared with the clockwork: in order for the device to earn, it must be started.

Device with the same functions, but with buttons and display - this electronic metronome. Such a device can be taken with you on the road, thanks to a compact size. You can find models with headphone entrance. Such a mini-metronome can be fixed on a tool or clothing.

Artists playing on electronic tools choose electrometrics. The device has a mass of useful functions: accent displacement, tuning, and others. Unlike the mechanical "fellow" electronic metronome, you can configure the "squeak" or "click" if you do not like the "knock".

Metronome - now with dance rhythms!

You do not have an ordinary metronome? Our will allow you to learn and rehearse musical plays to a more comfortable way than with the usual metronome!

If you do not see the metronome above this inscription, you need to download and install Adobe Flash Player

Pleasant news: Today I received a letter from a friend of childhood, a classmate, Ivan Lyubikov, with whom they played in the school rock band (Siberian Siberian, Irkutsk Region, 1973-1975). Here is a line: "... Hello Alexey. Yes he constantly uses this metronome … " - Ivan writes about one of his sons - Aleksa. Bass-guitarist of the legendary group "" Beasts "" Alexey Dipper rehearses with metronome Virartek , and Alexey is a very high musician. So equal to the masters!

An online metronome is very easy to use:

• First left button for choice size from the list: 2/4, 3/4, 4/4, 5/4, 7/4, 3/8, 5/8, 6/8, 9/8 and 12/8
• Temp you can set in different ways: Moving the slider, buttons " + "And" - ", Moving Georgic, making a few clicks on the button. Set Temp"
• volume You can configure the slider
• can disable sound and use visual indicators Shares: Orange- "Strong" and blue- "weak"
• you can choose any of the 10 sound sets: Tree, leather, metal, time-tick, e-a tones, tones G-C, chik-chik, shaker, electro, ai sounds and several shock loops for different dance styles as well loops for learning trioles.

To the drums played at the original pace and the size of pressing the button "Reset the pace and size"

Please note that the rate value is indicated for the share, i.e. For size 4/4, 120 quarters will mean 120 quarters per minute, and for size 3/8 - 120 eighth per minute!

You can forcibly "make" play a loop "not in the native" size it will give you additional variations of rhythmic drawings.

Sound sets "E-A Tones", "Tones G-C" can be useful to configure a string tool or for a vocal grinding.

A large selection of sounds is convenient when using the metronome for learning works in different styles. Sometimes you need clear, sharp sounds, such as "AI Sounds", "Metal" or "Electro", sometimes soft, as in the "Shaker" set.

The metronome may be useful not only for musical training. You can use it:

• for learning dance movements;
• performing morning gymnastics;
• for quick reading training (a certain number of shots for a term);
• during concentration and meditation.

Guestroom comments:

01.03.2010 Gennady: About metronome correct. I would like to know how the rates that are written in notes (fast, slowly, moderately, etc.) to the frequency setting in the metronome.

01.03.2010 Admin.: Especially for you, we have added a sign of the designation of the pace of musical works. See please.

16.05.2010 Irina: Hello! Grandfather is 6 years old. He learns to music. school. Works mainly in the amount of 2/4. How to use your metronome in this case. Strong share should be time and three?

18.05.2010 Admin.: Exactly!

02.09.2010 Alexander: Good afternoon, very high-quality electronic metronome, I have long been looking for this. Tell me and you can download it as it would be downloaded, whatever the screen (without a browser, etc.) change the background color? It is needed for visual use. Thank you.

21.01.2011 Admin.: While this version is not, but most likely in February 2011 will appear.

23.10.2010 Admin.: Almost all sizes are added !!!

09.11.2010 Valerarv2.: Wonderful, I just lacked!

13.12.2010 Daria: Guys, studying in the 7th grade of the music. Schools. Preparing for exams. Thank you very much! All over the World Wide Web could not find a normal metronome with dimensions! Now finally, I will begin to do it normally :))

20.02.2011 Alex.: Already long-awaited february. How soon will the lifetime version of this miracle metronome appear?

28.02.2011 Svetlana: Super! I really like! I would like to improve the game on the piano for improving the game. How to purchase this metronome?

03.03.2011 Programmer.: Freely affordable metronome - it's great. Thank you! But the belonging "once-and two and three and four and" would be useful too. Then there is a more complex rhythm inside, let's say, the same rhythm 4/4. A strong proportion, it seems to me, does not stand out strongly. It would be good to make an option with a blow to a strong share. Good luck!

05.03.2011 Anton: Thank you for the comfortable tool! It is much easier to run than any professional application only for the sake of the metronome. I often use for rehearsals and learning of parties, working with students. I want to ask to add some sounds (with a sharper attack), as well as loops for training polyrhythmia - triols, duoles, etc. I would still like to have a function of smoothly changing the tempo "from and to" so that you can first learn the party first in slow, and then In the fast pace ...

08.03.2011 Admin.: Thank you all big! We really appreciate all suggestions and comments, and we will definitely continue to develop this application. Regarding the Desktop version: we are unlikely to produce it separately, but the metronome will be included in the Flash Music College Games on the CD, which is preparing for release in the near future. Moreover, applications will work both under Windows and on MAC computers.

23.04.2011 Yulia: Good day! Thank you very much for the metronome. I am a teacher of musical school, mechanical metronometers in the afternoon with fire will not be ourselves, and computers are almost all children. They found you on the Internet. Now the lot of problems disappeared. All students will become rhythmic)))))))))). Thank you, good luck!

In theory, there should be places where visitors are located on this map :-)

Hello! I decided to write to my previous article so to speak, where I want to consider in detail the question of why I need a metronome for a guitarist, as well as tell you the method of metronome, its main types and purpose.

So, for the beginning, we will find out what is the metronome, and then we will move to the varieties of this device.

Metronome - Mechanical or electronic device that refuses (rejects) a certain rhythm with a predetermined speed, in the range from 35 to 250 beats per minute. Used by musicians when performing the composition as an exact rate of tempo and helps on rehearsals when working out various exercises.

Any musical work can be played both in slow and fast pace. When learning a new composition, it is always necessary to start with a slow pace, in order to end up well and beautifully play every note. And such a way to gradually approach its goal to get the original pace specified in the music work, thanks to the metronous assistant.

Metronometers are divided into three families:

• Mechanical
• Electronic
• Software

Each musician for himself chooses that metronome that matches its requirements. Now I will consider each family in detail.

Mechanical metronome

The oldest and very first type of metronometers, which was once invented. The current older generation, who in childhood, music schools still remembers the wooden pyramids of a small size, stood in glass cabinets or on piano in the cabinets in strict music teachers. These pyramids are the ancestors of all modern metronometers.

This view from those times has evolved quite strongly. Now, mechanical metronometers are produced not only from wood, but also modern composite materials are used, such as plastic, for example. Previously, these devices were stationary, and today they are already made more compact size so that it can be easily put in the pocket of a guitar cover.

Some bells began to appear in the device of some metronomes, which make an emphasis on a strong share, while such an "emphasis" is established depending on the size of the musical composition learned under the metronome. Of course, e-bands for functionality are significantly superior to mechanical metronometers, but the latter has several indisputable advantages, which still should pay their attention. Here are the main of them:

• Visuality. The mechanical metronome has a pendulum, which swings in different directions, so it is difficult not to notice even a musician fully absorbed in his instrument. He will always be able to track the movement of the pendulum.
• Sound. Natural click of the present mechanism does not matter any comparison with electronics. This sound absolutely does not bother and it can be listened to as a serenade, as well as it clearly fits into the overall picture of the sound of any tool.
• The form. The mechanical metronometers it is traditional - in the form of a sophisticated pyramid. Such a design will give the flavor to any room, and will also create a creative atmosphere.
• Simplicity. Metronomers of this type, due to their visibility and ease of treatment, can use all the musicians without exception, and I would recommend them novice guitarists. They do not need batteries, because there is a mechanism like a sentry, i.e. Before use, the instrument must be started as an old mechanical alarm clock.

How is the mechanical metronome?

Metronome device is simple to disgrace. The main details are: steel spring, transmission, anchor descent. Unlike the mechanical clock, the pendulum is not round here, but a long with a moveable cargo, where the axis of the anchor descent comes into contact with the case and clicks on it. In some models there is still a function of strong 2, 3, 5 and 6 shares. Especially for this, the drum is naked on the descent axis, which, as in a scarmer, consists of several wheels with pins, and along it is moving the bell with a lever. The call is issued by the desired share depending on the other drum wheels it will be installed.

Electronic metronometer

This is a new and modern type of metronome, which conquered the hearts of many musicians around the world. Preference to such devices most of all give artists playing in power tools. Electronic metronometers, as a rule, possess small dimensions and therefore easily placed on palm and can be hidden in any, coofer or sacrifice.

Digital metronometers have many useful features, such as: Charton, accent, as well as an accent offset and are able to satisfy almost any "capricious" user. There are also hybrid models that are combined with a digital tuner, but we will talk about it in another article.

Separately, I would like to mention electronic metronomas for drummers, because These devices are perhaps the most sophisticated from this family. Such metronometers besides various accents and displacements have additional features.

It's no secret that the brain drummers is divided into 4 parts, each of which manages a certain limb. Especially for them were invented metronometers that can produce rhythm personally for each finiteness of the drummer. For this, the device has several sliders (faders) in order to interlace for a particular leg or hand, one or another rhythm. This metronome has built-in memory, to record and storing rhythms for each individual composition. At concerts, the thing is not replaceable at all - I turned on the right rhythm and thoughts themselves calmly, being confident that from the randomly surpassed emotions "you will not kill ahead."

From the name it is clear that this is nothing more than a special program installed in a Windows OS environment or an application for Android and iOS. Like real metronometers, the virtual models perform their function using the generation of sound signals at a predetermined pace and / or use visual effects (flashing light bulbs, image numbers). There are quite a lot of such programs and they are not difficult to find on the Internet.

That's all that I wanted to tell you in general terms about metronomas. I think now you understand why you need a metronome for a guitarist, and you make friends with him, because This is a very useful and necessary thing in the arsenal of each musician. You will make a right step towards a competent game of the guitar, because the "smooth" musicians are valued at all times. This is especially valued when working together in a group with other musicians. Therefore, I wish you creative heights and success in music. Until fast meetings on the blog pages!