Should a reasonable person live with the feelings of the bazaars? Essay on the topic: Reason and Feelings in Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons

Final (final) essay-reasoning on the topic: Sense and Sensibility.

Reason and feeling ... What is it? These are two most important forces of a person's inner world that need each other. The human soul is very complex. There are situations when feelings prevail over the mind, and sometimes the mind takes over the feelings. No wonder Luc de Clapier Vauvenargue said: "Reason cannot comprehend the needs of the heart." Indeed, a person, with all his desire, is not able to control real feelings, which overshadow the mind that contradicts them.

We can observe such a plot in the novel by Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev "Fathers and Sons", where the protagonist Yevgeny Vasilyevich Bazarov, being a nihilist, denied literally everything up to love. His inner principle was against all romance, feelings. He considered it "rubbish, unforgivable nonsense ...". The decisive feature, contrary to his views, was a meeting with Anna Odintsova, a woman who was not like everyone else. The hero sincerely falls in love with her, but these feelings were unacceptable and scary for Eugene. Anna, on the other hand, did not have such heartfelt inclinations as Bazarov had. He tried to hide it in every possible way, because previously only reason could manage his life. The hero could not control everything that happened, because the struggle of mind and heart was doing its job. But finally, having confessed his love to Madame Odintsova, she is rejected. This leads Bazarov to the original principles, where emotional impulses are simply nonsense compared to reason. But there is no such thing that love simply extinguished, although before death, but in Eugene it still flares up and stands up against his mind, eventually winning. He again recalls his love for Anna, since the mind can never comprehend the heart.

Another striking example of the confrontation between reason and feeling is the work of NM Karamzin "Poor Liza". The main character of the story is the sentimental poor peasant woman Liza, who falls in love with the rich nobleman Erast. It seemed that their love would never end. And now a sensitive girl completely surrenders to her lover, her heart takes up over her mind. But, unfortunately, the feelings of the young nobleman gradually grow cold, and soon he leaves for a military campaign, where he loses his entire fortune and, under duress, marries a rich widow. At this, Lisa's patience can not stand it, and she jumps into the pond. Indeed, for the girl, the act of her beloved was a strong blow, bringing mental pain, which she wanted to get rid of only by suicide. Her mind contradicted this course of events, but he could not overpower the ardent feeling.

Thus, the struggle between the two most important forces of the inner world of a person is one of the most difficult processes in the soul of everyone. Or the feeling is superior to the intelligence or the intelligence of the feeling. Such contradictions are an endless duel. But still, the mind can never comprehend sincere feelings.

> Compositions based on Fathers and Sons

Sense and Sense

In the novel Fathers and Sons, Ivan Turgenev showed a new social phenomenon that arose in Russia in the middle of the 19th century - nihilism. Since then, this concept has become a household name. In fact, nihilists are people who do not accept the relationships that have developed in society and deny all outdated dogmas. Along with nihilism and the problem of two generations, the writer touched on another topic that is relevant at all times - the theme of love.

From the very beginning of the work, we observe complex relationships between the characters and personal problems. A young student Arkady, returning home to his father, notices that another member of the family lives on their family estate - a young kept woman Fenechka. Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov was a widower and could afford to shelter another woman, especially since Fenichka had a difficult life. In fact, the landowner took pity on her and took full responsibility for her maintenance. Now they had a child together. The elder brother of Nikolai Petrovich, an ardent aristocrat and a convinced bachelor, was not happy about this.

Pavel Petrovich also had a difficult life. He left a brilliant military career after being defeated in the fight for the heart of the secular beauty Princess R. However, the Kirsanovs managed to keep peace in the house, since Nikolai Petrovich was kind to all members of his family and adhered to friendly diplomacy. As for the younger generation, Arkady and his friend Yevgeny Bazarov found their happiness in the person of the Odintsov sisters. However, the former managed to turn good friendly relations with Katya into a prosperous union, while the latter did not. Bazarov, as a vivid representative of nihilism, tried not to fall under the spell of women and denied the very essence of love.

For this hero, reason came first, and then feelings. But this was his main mistake. Having abandoned Anna Sergeevna, he suffered all his life. He knew that he could make Odintsova happy, because she was so acutely worried about her loneliness after the death of her husband, but the hero decided to remain faithful to his views. In response to her frankness, Anna Sergeevna demanded to reveal his soul, which he was incapable of. At the end of the work, when he was already seriously ill, Bazarov greatly regretted the unspoken feelings. He conveyed them in a letter in which he also asked to take care of his elderly parents.

Unfortunately, the love of Bazarov and Odintsova was doomed from the very beginning, because the hero was too proud and arrogant. He himself understood that their feelings would not have stood the first test. Thus, Turgenev wanted to show that everyone is capable of love, but not everyone can keep it. In the case of Bazarov, the author endowed the hero with a destructive mind, which did not leave him an opportunity for personal growth and spiritual development.

You can be the master of your actions
but in feelings we are not free
Gustave Flaubert

Love is a feeling inherent in a person, a deep affection for another person or object, a feeling of deep sympathy. Everyone at least once in his life experienced this cherished feeling, and something new and beautiful appeared around him. But can it melt the ice in the heart of a person hiding behind a mask of strong convictions? The author of the novel "Fathers and Sons", IS Turgenev, could certainly have raised such a question.
The protagonist of the novel, Evgeny Vasilyevich Bazarov, is a young, intelligent and self-confident man of about thirty years old, the son of a staff doctor. Eugene is a nihilist by conviction, a man who denies everything and does not admit anything. He laughs at love and art, at worshiping nature. He believes only in science and work and does not at all understand those men who are ready to throw themselves at the feet of their beloved, putting their own lives on the card of female love. About love in general, Eugene expresses itself as rubbish and unforgivable foolishness. However, even such a cold and calculating, self-confident and firm person did not pass the test of love.
Bazarov first met Anna Sergeevna Odintsova at the governor's ball. But the more the plot of the novel develops, the more Bazarov is revealed. At first, it turns out that their interests are similar, then they begin to spend a lot of time together, walking all day on the Odintsova estate. Bazarov, who lived only by reason, lost his usual composure, falling in love with Anna Sergeevna. Feelings for Odintsova transformed Bazarov, and he himself resigned himself to what was happening in his soul, but his chosen one did not want to sacrifice peace for him, therefore both love and Bazarov's life end tragically.
Deadness was in Bazarov's philosophy, in his striving to subordinate living life to the laws of inanimate matter. Eugene's desire to assert his personality, to oppose himself to others by preaching complete impersonality was ridiculous. Death was in him, it is not for nothing that he dies of cadaveric poison.
Knowing that he will die, Yevgeny behaves courageously, and it is at this moment that the reader sees the real Bazarov, in which the best qualities of a person are revealed. Before his death, Eugene wanted to see Anna Sergeevna, love for whom lived in his heart. His wish was fulfilled, and he left, overcome by feelings.
On the example of Evgeny Bazarov, we were convinced that a feeling like love can change a person for the better, make him more open and sincere. Bazarov at the end of his life leaves in the world not denial, but love, therefore Turgenev's words "about eternal reconciliation and about endless life" are true.

The image of Bazarov is central to Turgenev's novel Fathers and Sons. In only two out of twenty-eight chapters, this man is not the main character. All other characters described by the author are grouped around Bazarov, help to see more clearly certain traits of his character, and also reveal themselves. Bazarov is fundamentally different from the people around him: he is smart, has tremendous mental strength, but among the representatives of the district aristocracy he feels loneliness. This is a commoner, adhering to democratic views, opposing the serfdom, a materialist who has gone through a difficult school of hardship and labor. The image of Bazarov attracts attention with its independence and ability to think independently, freely.

The collision of free consciousness and the old order

The plot of Turgenev's novel is based on Bazarov's clash with the aristocratic world of that time. The author reveals the character and life position of the hero in his conflict with the “damned barchuk”. In the work, the writer actively uses contrasts: Bazarov is opposed to Pavel Petrovich. One of them is a convinced democrat, and the other is a typical representative of the aristocratic class. Bazarov is consistent, purposeful, possesses. In turn, Pavel Petrovich is soft-bodied, in a state of some kind of “duality”. His beliefs are random, he has no idea about his goal.

As already mentioned, the image of Bazarov is most fully revealed in the hero's disputes with other characters. Talking with Pavel Petrovich, he demonstrates to us the maturity of the mind, the ability to look at the root, contempt and hatred of the lordly-slave order. The relationship between Bazarov and Arkady reveals the personality of the first from a new side: he acts as an educator, teacher and friend, shows the ability to attract young people to his side, irreconcilability and honesty in friendship. And his relationship with Madame Odintsova shows that, among other things, Bazarov is capable of deep true love. It is a whole nature with willpower and

The origin of Bazarov

Evgeny Bazarov, whose image is the topic of our discussion today, comes from a simple family. His grandfather was a peasant, and his father was a district doctor. The fact that his grandfather plowed the land, Bazarov speaks with undisguised pride. He is proud that he studied for "copper money", and that he has achieved everything he has on his own. Labor for this person is a real moral need. Even while resting in the village, he is unable to sit idly by. Bazarov communicates with people simply, guided by a sincere interest. And this is once again confirmed by the fact that after he visits Arkady, the courtyard boys “ran after the doctor, like dogs,” and during Moti's illness, he gladly helps Fena. Bazarov keeps himself simply and confidently in any company, he does not seek to impress others and remains himself under any circumstances.

Denial as the basis of the hero's worldview

The image of Bazarov is the image of a supporter of “merciless and complete denial”. What does this strong and extraordinary person deny? He himself gives the answer to this question: “Everything”. Bazarov denies literally all aspects of the socio-political structure of Russia in those years.

The protagonist of the novel does not succumb to other people's influence, but knows how to persuade other people to his side. His strong influence on Arkady is obvious, and in disputes with Nikolai Petrovich he is so convincing that it makes him doubt his views. Could not resist the charm of the personality of Bazarov and the aristocrat Odintsova. However, in fairness, it should be noted that not all of the hero's judgments are true. After all, Bazarov denied the beauty of the surrounding wildlife, and art, and the boundless sphere of human emotions and experiences. However, in all likelihood, love for Madame Odintsova made him rethink these views and rise one step higher.

Conclusion

Turgenev depicts a man walking one step ahead of his time in his creation. The image of Bazarov is alien to the world and the era in which he lives. However, simultaneously with the inexhaustible spiritual strength of the character, the author also shows us the “reverse side of the coin” - his ideological, political and even psychological loneliness in an alien environment of the nobility. Demonstrating Bazarov's readiness to change the world around him for the better, to “clear” it for those who will build a new state with new orders, Turgenev, nevertheless, does not give his hero the opportunity to act. Indeed, in his opinion, Russia does not need such destructive actions.

It was not by chance that I chose the theme of the inner conflict between feeling and reason. Feeling and reason are the two most important forces of a person's inner world, which very often come into conflict with each other. There are situations when feelings are against reason. What happens in a situation like this? Undoubtedly, this is very painful, alarming and extremely unpleasant, since a person rushes about, suffers, loses the ground under his feet. His mind says one thing, and his feelings raise a real rebellion and deprive him of peace and harmony. As a result, an internal struggle begins, which often ends very tragically.

A similar internal conflict is described in the work of IS Turgenev "Fathers and Sons". Evgeny Bazarov, the protagonist, shared the theory of "nihilism" and denied literally everything: poetry, music, art and even love. But the meeting with Anna Sergeevna Odintsova, a beautiful, intelligent woman unlike others, became a decisive event in his life, after which his internal conflict began. Suddenly, he felt a "romantic" in himself, capable of deeply feeling, experiencing and hoping for reciprocity. His nihilistic views failed: it turns out that there is love, there is beauty, there is art. The strong feelings that gripped him begin to fight against the rationalist theory, and life becomes unbearable. The hero cannot continue scientific experiments, engage in medical practice - everything falls out of hand. Yes, when such a disagreement occurs between feeling and reason, life sometimes becomes impossible, since the harmony that is necessary for happiness is violated, and the internal conflict becomes external: family and friendships are broken.

You can also recall the work of FM Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment", which analyzes the revolt of feelings of the protagonist. Rodion Raskolnikov nurtured the "Napoleonic" idea of ​​a strong personality who has the right to break the law and even kill a person. Having tested this rationalistic theory in practice, having killed the old woman-pawnbroker, the hero experiences torments of conscience, the impossibility of communicating with family and friends, practically morally and physically ill. This morbid condition arose from an internal conflict between human feelings and fictional theories.

So, we analyzed situations when feelings oppose reason, and came to the conclusion that it is sometimes harmful to a person. But, on the other hand, it is also a signal that it is imperative to listen to feelings, since far-fetched theories can destroy both the person himself and cause irreparable harm, intolerable pain to the people around him.