The story of the Russian character heroes. A.N. Tolstoy Russian character creative work of students in literature (grade 11) on the topic

The work of A. Tolstoy "Russian character", a summary of which is given in the article, has a subtitle "From the" Stories of Ivan Sudarev ". Thus, the author uses the “story within a story” technique, in which his friend, a fellow soldier, told the reader about the Russian warrior. And although the action takes place in the early forties, the focus is not on the valiant exploits of the protagonist, but on what happened to him after being seriously wounded. The author's task is to show how powerful and amazing the character of the Russian person is.

An ordinary guy - Egor Dryomov

A. Tolstoy begins the story "Russian character", the summary of which you are reading, with an acquaintance with the main character. This is a quiet, simple tanker who lived on a collective farm before the war. Perhaps he differed from his comrades in appearance. Tall, with curls and certainly with a warm smile on his face, he resembled a god. Dremov loved and respected his parents very much, spoke with respect about his father, who was an example for him. Yegor also had a girlfriend, whose feelings he did not doubt at all: he would wait, even if he came back on one leg.

Dremov did not like to boast of his military exploits. Such is the real Russian character. A summary of the stories of his driver, meanwhile, shows that they were not uncommon for him. Chuvilev recalled with pride how their tank had fought against the German tiger and how Lieutenant Dremov was able to defuse the enemy.

So everything went on as usual, until misfortune happened to the hero. It showed how strong and firm the Russian character can be.

The crew had a chance to participate in the Battle of Kursk. By the end of the battle, the tank was knocked out. Two were killed immediately, and the driver pulled the burning lieutenant out of the car just before the explosion. Yegor received big burns: bones were visible in places under the charred skin. The face was badly damaged, but the vision was preserved. The guy underwent several plastic surgeries, and when the bandages were removed, a completely unfamiliar person was looking at him from the mirror. But he reassured his sister, saying that you can live with it. And he himself often felt his face, as if getting used to a new look - continues the story "Russian character" by Tolstoy.

The summary of the conversation between the lieutenant and the general, to whom the tanker came after he was recognized as fit only for combat, comes down to the following. Yegor asked to return him to the regiment and specified that he was a freak, not an invalid: "... This will not interfere with the matter." Trying not to look at him, the general accepted the arguments and ordered him to be given twenty days of leave to recover. Then the hero went home.

Meeting with relatives

He came to the village in the evening. Having made my way through the snow to the window, I saw how my mother, leisurely, kind, but thin and aged, was gathering on the table. And then she thought, folding her arms over her chest. Yegor realized that he could not frighten her with his appearance, and knocking on the door, called himself a friend of his son, Lieutenant Gromov. He entered the house where everything was painfully familiar. The mother looked at him and asked about her son. Their father soon joined them. And the more Dremov sat, the harder it was for him to admit to the old people that he was their son.

This is how the first meeting of the hero with his parents in the story "Russian Character" is described. Summary (Alexey Tolstoy in every possible way emphasizes how hard it was for both the hero and the mother) conversations at dinner can be reduced to questions about what spring will be like and how the sowing will go when the war ends. The old woman was also interested in when they would give her son a vacation.

Meeting with the bride

The next day, Yegor wanted to meet with their son's bride, Katya, to convey his bow. The girl came running instantly: joyful, radiant, beautiful ... She came very close to the guy, looked at him and staggered back. At that moment, Yegor decided: he needed to leave today. Then they ate millet pancakes, and the lieutenant talked about Dremov's exploits (it turned out, his own). And he himself tried not to look at Katya, so as not to see the reflections of his ugliness on her beautiful face.

So ended the meeting with the past, pre-war life, for the main character of the story "Russian character". The summary of the meeting suggests what decision Yegor made: hide the truth from his mother for as long as possible and try to forget Katya forever.

Letter from home

Meeting with his comrades in arms, Dremov felt relief. And two weeks later he received a letter about his mother, forcing him to change his decision. Such is the Russian character. The summary of the letter is as follows. Marya Polikarpovna told how a man came to them. A mother's heart suggests that it was Yegor himself. The old man scolds, says that if there were a son, he would certainly open up. After all, you need to be proud of such a face. Therefore, she asked to judge whether she was right or crazy.

Yegor came with a letter to Sudarev, who advised him to give an answer as quickly as possible and confess everything.

The story "Russian character" gets an unexpected denouement, the summary of which you have read. After some time Dremov was summoned by the captain, and Sudarev went with him. So the narrator witnessed Yegor's meeting with his mother and Katya. The latter was really a beauty, and to the lieutenant's words that she should not wait for him like that, she replied: "... I am going to live with you forever ...".

"It seems that a simple man, but a severe misfortune will come ... and a great power rises in him - human beauty," Tolstoy ends the story "Russian character".

“Russian character! Come describe it ... "- with these amazing, heartfelt words begins the story" Russian character "by Alexei Tolstoy. Indeed, is it possible to describe, measure, define what is beyond words and feelings? Yes and no. Yes, because to speak, to reason, to try to understand, to know the very essence of all one thing is necessary. These are, if I may say so, those impulses, impulses, thanks to which life spins. On the other hand, no matter how much we talk, we still can't reach the bottom. This depth is endless. How to describe what words to choose? It is possible and on the example of a heroic deed. But how to choose which one to prefer? After all, there are so many of them that it is difficult not to get confused.

Alexey Tolstoy, "Russian character": analysis of the work

During the war, Alexei Tolstoy creates an amazing collection of Stories by Ivan Sudarev, consisting of seven short stories. All of them are united by one theme - the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945, one idea - admiration and admiration for the patriotism and heroism of the Russian people, and one main character, on whose behalf the story is being told. This is the veteran cavalryman Ivan Sudarev. The story "Russian character" becomes the last one to complete the whole cycle. Alexey Tolstoy with his help summarizes what was said earlier. It is a kind of result of everything that was said before, all the reasoning and thoughts of the author about the Russian man, about the Russian soul, about the Russian character: beauty, depth and strength are not “a vessel in which there is emptiness”, but “fire, flickering in a vessel ".

Theme and idea of ​​the story

From the first lines, the author indicates the topic of the story. Of course, we will talk about the Russian character. Quote from the work: "I just want to talk with you about the Russian character ..." And here we hear notes not so much doubts, but rather regrets that the form of the work is so small and limited - a short story that does not correspond to the one chosen by the author scope. And the theme and the name are already very "meaningful". But there is nothing to do, because I want to talk ...

The ring composition of the story helps to clearly clarify the idea of ​​the work. Both at the beginning and at the end we read the author's reflections on beauty. What is beauty? Physical attractiveness is clear to everyone, it is on the very surface, you just have to reach out. No, she does not care about the narrator. He sees beauty in something else - in the soul, in character, in actions. It is especially manifested in war, when death is constantly spinning around. Then they become, from a person, "all kinds of nonsense, husk, like skin, dead after a sunburn, peel off from a person," and does not disappear, and only one thing remains - the core. It can be clearly seen in the main character - in the silent, calm, strict Yegor Dremov, in his elderly parents, in the beautiful and faithful bride Katerina, in the tank driver Chuvilov.

Exposure and setting

The story is set in the spring of 1944. The war of liberation against the fascist invaders is in full swing. But she is not a character, but rather a background, dark and stern, but so clearly and vividly showing the amazing colors of love, kindness, friendship and beauty.

The exposition provides brief information about the main character of the story - Yegor Dremov. He was a simple, modest, quiet, reserved person. He spoke little, especially did not like to "rant" about military exploits and hesitated to talk about love. He only once casually mentioned his bride - a good and faithful girl. From this point on, you can begin to describe the summary of Tolstoy's "Russian character". It is noteworthy here that Ivan Suzdalev, on whose behalf the story is being told, met Yegor after his terrible injury and plastic surgery, but in his description there is not a single word about the physical disabilities of his comrade. On the contrary, he sees only beauty, "spiritual affection", peeps in them when he jumps from the armor to the ground - "the god of war."

We continue to reveal a summary of Tolstoy's "Russian character". The plot of the plot - this is a terrible wound of Yegor Dremov during the battle, his face was practically planted, and even bones were visible in places, but he survived. His eyelids, lips, nose were restored, but it was already a completely different face.

Climax

The culminating scene is the arrival of a brave warrior home on vacation after the hospital. A date with his father and mother, with the bride - with the closest people in his life, turned out not to be a long-awaited joy, but to bitter inner loneliness. He could not, did not dare to admit to his old parents that the man standing in front of them with a disfigured appearance and a strange voice was their son. The mother’s old face must not tremble desperately. However, he had a glimmer of hope that his father and mother would recognize him themselves, guess without explanation who had come to them, and then this invisible barrier would be broken. But that did not happen. It cannot be said that Maria Polikarpovna's mother's heart felt nothing at all. His hand with a spoon while eating, his movements - these seemingly minute details did not escape her gaze, but she still did not guess. And here there is also Katerina, Yegor's bride, not only did not recognize him, but at the sight of a terrible face-mask, she leaned back and was frightened. This was the last straw, and the next day he left his father's house. Of course, there was resentment, and disappointment, and despair in him, but he decided to sacrifice his feelings - it is better to leave, to fence himself off, so as not to frighten his loved ones. The summary of Tolstoy's "Russian character" does not end there.

Decoupling and conclusion

One of the main features of the Russian character, the Russian soul, is sacrificial love. It is she who is the true, unconditional feeling. They love not for something or for the sake of something. This is an irresistible, unconscious need to always be with a person, take care of him, help him, sympathize with him, breathe with him. And the word "near" is not measured by physical quantities, it means an intangible, thin, but incredibly strong spiritual thread between people who love each other.

Mother, after Yegor's early departure, could not find a place for herself. She guessed that this man with a disfigured face was her beloved son. The father doubted, but still said that if that visiting soldier was really his son, then here one should not be ashamed, but proud. This means that he truly defended his homeland. Mother writes him a letter to the front and asks him not to languish and tell the truth as it is. Moved, he confesses to the deception and asks for forgiveness ... After some time, both his mother and the bride come to his regiment. Mutual forgiveness, love without unnecessary words and loyalty - this is the happy ending, here they are, Russian characters. As they say, a person is seemingly simple in appearance, there is nothing remarkable in him, but trouble will come, severe days will come, and a great power immediately rises in him - human beauty.

Which of the statements correspond to the content of the text? Enter the answer numbers.

Indicate the numbers in ascending order.

1) The main character - Yegor Dremov - was a tanker, took part in the Battle of Kursk, he has many military victories on his account.

2) Yegor Dremov managed to independently leave the tank knocked out by the enemy.

3) In the hospital, Yegor Dremov could not completely restore his previous face, although several plastic surgeries were performed.

4) Yegor Dremov was able to internally overcome his misfortune - external ugliness - and considered it necessary to continue his military service, to defend the Motherland.

5) Yegor Dremov was seriously wounded at the very beginning of the war.

(1) Russian character! (2) Go ahead and describe it ... (H) Should I talk about heroic deeds? (4) But there are so many of them that you are at a loss as to which one to prefer.

(5) In war, constantly revolving around death, people do better, all nonsense peels off them, like unhealthy skin after a sunburn, and the core remains in a person. (b) Of course, for one it is stronger, for another weaker, but those with a flawed core stretch, everyone wants to be a good and loyal comrade.

(7) My friend, Yegor Dremov, and before the war he had strict behavior, he respected and loved his mother, Marya Polikarpovna, and his father, Yegor Yegorovich, fulfilled his behest: “You will see a lot in the world, son, and you will go abroad, but Russian title - be proud ... "

(8) He also did not like to rant about military exploits: he would frown and light a cigarette. (9) We learned about the combat affairs of his tank from the words of the crew, in particular, the driver Chuvilev surprised the listeners.

- (10) You see, he drives the tiger with the trunk, and the comrade lieutenant will give him in the side, as he will give it to the tower - he lifted his trunk, as he will give in the third - smoke poured from all the cracks in the tiger from all the cracks, the flame would burst out of him one hundred meters up ...

(11) This is how Lieutenant Yegor Dremov fought, until misfortune happened to him. (12) During the Battle of Kursk, when the Germans were already bleeding and trembled, his tank - on a hillock, in a wheat field - was hit by a shell, two of the crew were immediately killed, and the tank caught fire from the second shell. (13) The driver Chuvilev, who jumped out through the front hatch, again climbed onto the armor and managed to pull out the lieutenant: he was unconscious, his overalls were on fire. (14) Chuvilev threw handfuls of loose earth on the lieutenant's face, on his head, on his clothes in order to bring down the fire. (15) Then I crawled with him from funnel to funnel to the dressing station ...

(16) Yegor Dremov survived and did not even lose his sight, although his face was so charred that bones were visible in places. (17) For eight months he was in the hospital, he underwent one after another plastic surgery, and his nose, lips, eyelids, and ears were restored. (18) Eight months later, when the bandages were removed, he looked at his and now not his own face. (19) The nurse, who handed him a small mirror, turned away and began to cry. (20) He immediately returned the mirror to her.

- (21) It can be worse, - he said, - but you can live with it.

(22) But he no longer asked the nurse for a mirror, only he often felt his face, as if he was getting used to it.

(23) The Commission found him fit for non-combatant service. (24) Then he went to the general.

- (25) I ask your permission to return to the regiment.

- (26) But you are disabled, - said the general.

- (27) No way, I'm a freak, but this will not interfere with the matter, I will fully restore my combat capability!

(28) The fact that the general tried not to look at him during the conversation, Yegor Dremov noted and only grinned with purple lips, straight as a slit.

(29) Yes, here they are, Russian characters! (30) It seems that a person is simple, but a severe misfortune will come, in big or small, and a great power rises in him - human beauty.

(According to A. N. Tolstoy *)

* Alexei Nikolaevich Tolstoy (1882-1945) - Russian Soviet writer and public figure, author of socio-psychological, historical and science fiction novels, novellas and short stories, publicistic works.

Which of the following statements are true? Enter the answer numbers.

3) Sentence 18 provides a description.

4) Proposals 22-24 present the reasoning

Explanation.

1) Proposals 1-6 present the reasoning.

2) Sentences 11-15 contain a narrative.

3) Sentence 18 is a narrative, not a description.

4) Sentences 22-24 are narrative, not reasoning

5) Proposals 29-30 contain reasoning.

Answer: 125.

Answer: 125

Write out the antonyms from sentences 27-30.

Explanation.

Antonyms are words with the opposite meaning.

In sentences 27-30, the antonyms are the words: big - small.

Answer: a big little.

Answer: large small | small large | large small | small large

Among sentences 11-15, find the one (s) that are related to the previous one using the possessive pronoun. Write the number (s) of this offer (s).

Sentence 12 has the possessive pronoun ITS, which connects the sentence with the previous one.

Answer: 12.

Answer: 12

Rule: Task 25. Means of communication of sentences in the text

COMMUNICATION ENVIRONMENT PRE-LOCATION IN TEK-STA

Several pre-loops, connected into a whole by the theme and the main thought, are called text (from Latin textum - fabric , communication, co-unity-not-ning).

It is obvious that all the propositions, separated by a point, are not isolated from each other. Between two neighbors, there is a semantic connection, and there can be more than just a -zhe-nia, ras-lo-feminine-ny, but also separated from each other by one or more-ki-mi pred-lo-same-ni-me. The meaningful relations between the pre-same-not-I-are different: the content of one proposition can to be pro-te-in-in-become-le-but with-support-zha-ni-th; the content of two or more prepositions can be one with the other; the content of the second sentence can reveal the meaning of the first or clarify one of its members, and the content -th third-th-th - the meaning of the second-ro-th, etc. The purpose of the assignment 23 is the definition of the type of connection between the pre-lo-same-not-me.

The form-mu-li-ditch of the assignment can be as follows:

Among the pre-lodges 11-18, find-di-those such (s), which-swarm (s) are connected with the previous one with the help of uk -for-the-place-name, in-speech and one-root words. Na-pi-shi-te number (s) pre-lo-zenia (s)

Or: Define-de-do-those kind of connection between pre-lo-same-ni-mi 12 and 13.

Remember that the previous one is ONE ABOVE. In this way, if the pro-between-me-current 11-18 is indicated, then the source of my preposition is found in pre-de-lah, about -valued in the assignment, and the correct answer may be 11, if this sentence is connected with the 10th that -but in the assignment. Ot-ve-tov can be 1 or more. The score for the successful completion of the task is the task - 1.

Let's go to the theoretical part.

Most often, we use such a model of construction-e-text-hundred: each pre-lo-g-is linked with the next -shchim, this is na-zy-wa-et-sya chain connection. (We will say about the connection parall-noy below). We go-to-rome and write, co-unite-nya-e-m-n-t-tel-ni-tel-ni-tel-ni-tel-ni-ni-ni-ni-ni-ni-ni-nii in the text according to non-complex rules. Here's the gist: in two adjacent pre-lo-e-no-y, the speech should go about the same sub-ek-those.

All types of communication should be done on lex-si-che-skie, mor-pho-lo-gi-che-skie and syn-tak-si-che-skie... As a rule, in the case of co-unification, pre-lo-s-ny in the text can be used one-but-time-men-but-several types of communication... This is essential, but it makes it easier to search for the original preposition in the indicated fragment. Osta-no-vim-Xia de-tal-but for each of the species.

23.1. Communication with the help of lexical means.

1. Words of one theme-math-group.

The words of one the-ma-ti-che-group are words that are about-la-da-yu-yu-yu-yu-yu-yu-yu-yu-yu-yu-yu-yu-yu-yu-yu-yu-yu-yu-yu-yu-lek-si-che-s-th-th meaning and designation -similar, but not alike.

Examples of words: 1) Forest, path-pin-ka, de-re-vya; 2) buildings, streets, tro-tuares, square-di; 3) water, fish, waves; sick, nurses, emergency room, pa-la-ta

Water was clear and transparent. Waves na-ba-ha-li to the shore slowly and noiselessly.

2. Ro-do-vi-do-o words.

Ro-do-vi-do-vye words - words related to-n-she-no-it genus - species: genus - wider-ro-something in-ny-ty, type - narrower.

Examples of words: Ro-mash-ka - flower-tok; birch - de-re-in; av-to-mo-bil - transport-port etc.

Examples of pre-lo-s: Still growing under the window Birch... How much vos-in-mi-na-ny-for-but I have with this de-re-vom...

Po-le-vie ro-mash-ki hundred-but-vyat-Xia rare. But this is no-pri-hot flower.

3 Lek-si-che-skiy on-vt

Lek-si-che-sky in-sec - repetition of one and the same word in the same word-in-form.

The closest connection is the pre-ls-ny v-ra-zha-e-Xia, first of all, in the second. The repetition of this or that member of the preposition is the main feature of the chain connection. For example, in the background Behind the garden there is a forest. The forest was deaf the connection is built according to the model "under-le-zha-shchee - under-le-zha-shchee", that is, called at the end of the first pre-lo-zhe- the subject of the second-rya-sya in na-cha-le next-du-yu-shche-go; in pre-lo-same-n-y Fi-zi-ka is science. Science must-use-to-be-Xia dia-lek-ti-che-skim me-to-house- "mo-del ska-zu-e-mine - under-le-zha-shchee"; in the example The boat at-cha-li-la to be-re-gu. The shore was a mustache-pan small pebble- the model "about-st-i-tel-stvo - under-le-zha-shchee" and so on. But if in the first two examples the words forest and science stand in each house of a number of standing pre-lo-s in the same pas de the same, then the word Coast has different forms. Lek-si-che-skim in the second-rum in the-yes-no-yah USE will be counted in the second word in one-on-one word-in-form, use-pol -zo-van-ny with the aim of enhancing the impact on chi-ta-te-la.

In the texts of the xy-do-zeal and pub-li-qi-sti-ch-ch-ley, the chain connection by means of lex-c-ch-ch-ch-a-second has not-rarely-to-ex-press-sive, emo-qi-o-nal-ny ha-rak-ter, especially-ben-but when the repetition is on-going at the junction of pre-lo- same:

Here is the source from the map of the Fatherland Aral sea.

Whole sea!

Use-use-zo-va-va-va-va-va-ra is used here-use-zo-va-but to increase the impact on chi-ta-te-la.

Ras-smot-rome examples. We do not take into account the complete communication means yet, we look only at the lexical repetition.

(36) I heard a very brave man who went through the war once said: “ Used to be scary, very scary. " (37) He spoke the truth: he used to be scary.

(15) As a teacher, I happened to meet young people who yearn for a clear and precise answer to the question of higher values life. (16) 0 values, allowing you to distinguish good from evil and choose the best and most worthy.

Note: different forms of words are related to another type of connection. For more details about the difference, see the paragraph on the forms of the word.

4 One-root words

One-root words - words with the same root and a common meaning.

Examples of words: Ro-di-na, ro-dit-sya, birth-de-nie, genus; tear, break, tear-tear-Xia

Examples of pre-lo-s: I'm lucky ro-d-xia healthy and strong. Is-to-riya of mine birth nothing of note.

Even though I am not small, what attitude is needed rip, but could not do it myself. This rip would be very painful for both of us.

5 Si-no-no-we

Si-no-no-we are words of the same part of speech, close in meaning.

Examples of words: bore, frown, sad; ve-se-lye, joy, li-ko-va-nie

Examples of pre-lo-s: For goodbye, she said that will bore... I knew that too I will be sad according to our pro-hum-kam and raz-go-in-ram.

Joy wow-ti-la me, wow-ti-la and do-n-la ... Li-ko-va-niyu, ka-za-elk, there were no boundaries: Lina from-ve-ti-la, from-ve-ti-la to-end!

It should be noted that si-no-ni-we are hard-but-ok in the text, if we need to search for a connection only with the help of si-no-ni -mov. But, as a rule, vi-lo, along with this way of communication, others are used. So, in example 1 there is a union too , this connection will be discussed below.

6 Kon-text-si-no-no-we

Con-text-si-no-ni-we are words of the same part of speech, which are brought closer together in meaning only in this context st, since it is related to one subject (sign, action).

Examples of words: kitten, be-do-la-ha, mischievous; de-wush-ka, student-ka, beauty-sa-wit-tsa

Examples of pre-lo-s: Kitty lives with us with everything not long ago. Husband took off be-do-la-gu from de-re-va, where he took, spa-sa-yas from dogs.

I do-ha-gave-Xia that she student. Young woman keep quiet, do not look at all the efforts from my side to tell her.

It is even more difficult to find these words in the text: after all, the author de la si-no-ni-ma-mi them. But along with such a method of communication, other connections are used that make it easier to search.

7 No-no-no-we

An-that-no-we are words of the same part of speech, anti-in-false in meaning.

Examples of words: laughter, tears; hot Cold

Examples of pre-lo-s: I pretended that I would receive this joke and gave me something out of myself. laughter... But tears do-shi-li me, and I quickly left the room.

Her words were go-ry-chi-mi and oh-zhi-ha-li... The eyes le-de-n-li ho-lo-house. It was as if I was caught in a counter-shower ...

8 Con-text an-to-no-we

Con-text an-to-no-we are words of the same part of speech, anti-false in meaning only in this context.

Examples of words: mouse - lion; house - ra-bo-that green - ripe

Examples of pre-lo-s: On ra-bo-those this man was gray mouse. Houses but it is about-s-fell-sya a lion.

Special berries can be safely used for getting-to-le-niya va-re-nya. And here green it is better not to put it, they are usually hot-chat, and can spoil the taste.

Pay attention to non-random co-pa-de-no ter-mi-nov(si-no-ni-we, an-to-ni-we, including context-ny) in this assignment and assignment 22 and 24: it is one and the same lexical phenomenon, but see-smat-ri-va-e-mine from a different angle of vision. The lexical means can serve for the connection of two standing next to each other, or they may not be a connecting link. At the same time, they will always be a means of expression, that is, they have every chance of being an object for 22 and 24. So this is advice: you -complete task 23, pay attention to these tasks. More theo-re-ti-che-go ma-te-ri-a-la about lex-c-ch-means, you will learn from the right-vi-la-help to assignment 24.

23.2. Communication with the help of morphological means

Along with lek-si-che-ski-mi means of communication, use-use-zu-ut-sya and morphological

1. Location

A connection with the help of place-names is a connection, for which ONE word or NOT-HOW-TO-KO words from the previous preposition me-nya-Xia place-name. In order to see such a connection, you need to know what a place is, what kind of discharges are in terms of meaning.

What not-about-ho-di-mo know:

Place-names are words that are used instead of a name (noun but-ho, num-n-n-n-n-th), they denote the faces, they indicate the items, the signs of the items, to -liness of items, without naming them specifically.

According to the meaning and gram-ma-ti-che-skim, you-de-la-e-xia are nine times-row-dov of me-hundred-names:

1) personal (I, we; you, you; he, she, it; they);

2) return-gate (yourself);

3) welcome(mine, yours, ours, yours, yours); as a priest-use also personal: him (pi-jak), her work),them (for-servant).

4) pointers (this, that, such, such, this, such);

5) definite(himself, himself, all, every, every, different);

6) ot-no-s-tel-nye(who, what, what, what, who-ry, how much, whose);

7) in-pro-s-tel-ny(who? what? what? whose? who-ryy? how much? where? when? where? from where? why? why? what? what?);

8) from-ri-ts-tel-nye(nobody, nothing, nobody's);

9) undefined(someone, something, someone, someone, someone, someone).

Do not forget that place-having-from-me-nya-Xia on pas de jams, therefore, “you”, “me,” “about us,” “about them,” “no-one,” “every-one” are the forms of place-names.

As a rule, in the assignment, it is indicated, KA-KO-GO, there should be a place-name, but this is not-obligatory -but, if there are no other places-names in the indicated per-ri-o-de, you-complete the role of SVYA-ZU-YU-SHCHIH ele-men- Comrade It is necessary to clearly realize that NOT ALL of the place-name, which is met in the text, is -shim link.

Ob-ra-tim-sya to examples and definition-de-lim, as the pre-lodges 1 and 2 are connected; 2 and 3.

1) In our school, not long ago, did a re-mont. 2) I finished it many years ago, but sometimes I went, wandered around the school floors. 3) Now they are some kind of stranger, others, not mine ...

In the second pre-lo, there are two places, both personal, I am and her... Which one is that scratch, which-paradise co-one-nya-ets the first and the second proposition? If this is a place I am what it is za-me-no-lo in pre-lo-ny 1? Nothing... And what is-me-nya-is-place-having her? Word " school»From the first preposition. De-la-em conclusion: communication with the help of a personal location her.

In the third preposition, there are three places: they are somehow mine. With the second connection, only the place they(= floors from the second supply). Rest in no way with the words of the second sentence... Conclusion: the second proposition with the third connection they.

What is the practical importance of understanding this way of communication? In the fact that it is possible and necessary to consume the place-possession instead of the nouns, the appli-cations and the numbers. To-demand, but not evil-to-demand, since the abundance of the words "he", "him", "them" sometimes leads to no not-once-ber-ri-he.

2. Speech

Communication with the help of the speech is a connection, especially for which the swarm is dependent on the meaning of the speech.

In order to see such a connection, you need to know what a word is, what kind of discharges in terms of meaning.

Na-re-chiya are not-from-me-nya-e-words that denote a sign by action and refer to go-lu.

As a means of communication, the following can be used:

Time-me-no and space: below, left, next, vna-cha-le, from-to-na and similar.

Examples of pre-lo-s: We come-to-pee-whether to work-bo-those. Initially it was tough: it wasn’t good to work in the team, there were no ideas. Later drawn in-well-fox, in-feeling-va-whether their strengths and even went into excitement.Note: Propositions 2 and 3 are connected with pre-lodging 1 with the help of the indicated in-speech. This type of communication is na-zy-wa-et-Xia pa-ra-lel-noy connection.

We climbed to the very top of the mountains. Around we were only tops-shi-ny de-re-viev. Nearby with us pro-ply-wa-whether ob-la-ka. An analogous example of a parallel connection: 2 and 3 are connected with 1 with the help of the indicated in-speech.

Indicate names. (Their sometimes na-zy-va-yut place-name-us-mi na-re-chi-i-mi, since they do not call, how or where the action takes place, but only indicate it): there, here, there, then, from-to-yes, to-to, so and similar.

Examples of pre-lo-s: Last summer I left-ha-la in one of the sa-na-to-ri-ev Be-lo-rus-sii. From-to-yes practically it was not-possible-but it was possible to-ring-thread, not talking about the work-bo-those in the in-ter-not-those. In-speech "from-to-yes" replaces the whole layer-in-so-che-ta-t.

Life went on in its own four-house: I was studying, my mother was working with her father, my sister got married and left with her husband. So three years have passed. In-speech "so" summarizes all the content of the previous sentence.

It is possible to use-use-zo-va-tion and other discharges in-speech, for example, from-ri-ts-tel-ny: V school and university I didn’t have a relationship with ro-wes-ni-ka-mi. Yes and nowhere do not cry-dy-va-lis; nevertheless, I did not suffer from this, I had a family, there were brothers, they made me friends.

3. Union

Communication with the help of so-u-call is the most widespread type of communication, blah-go-da-ry to-that-ro-mu between there are different personal relationships associated with the meaning of the union.

Communication with the help of so-chi-no-tel-so-u-calls: but, and, but, but, also, or, one-on-one and others. In the assignment, the type of union may be indicated, or it may not be indicated. Therefore, it follows to repeat ma-te-ri-al about so-u-zh.

In detail-but about co-chi-no-tel-so-yu-zah ras-ska-za-but in special-tsi-al-raz-de-le

Examples of pre-lo-s: By the end of the day, we are not-ve-ro-yat-but tired. But the tuning was really shaking! Communication with the help of the "but" union.

It was like this all the time ... Or this is so ka-za-moose to me ...Communication with the help of the time-de-li-tel-th union "or".

I draw your attention to the fact that very rarely only one union participates in the formation of communication: as a rule, at one time -men-but-use-use-sy-are-lex-si-che-skie means of communication.

Communication with the help of sub-chi-no-tel-so-u-calls: for, so... It is a very un-typical case, since the sub-unions are connected with repaired. In our opinion, with such a connection, there is an intentional rupture of the structure of a complex proposition.

Examples of pre-lo-s: I was in full o-cha-i-nii ... For did not know what to pre-accept, where to go and, most importantly, who to turn to for help. The union for it has a meaning because, in what way, it points to the reason for the hero's identity.

I didn’t pass the ek-za-me-me, I didn’t do it at the institute, I couldn’t ask for it from ro-di-te-lei and I wouldn’t do it ... So only one thing remained: to find a job. The union "so that" has the meaning of the consequence.

4. Parts

Communication with the help of particles always cooperates with other types of communication.

Parts after all, and only, here, there, only, even, they add up to full ointments to the pre-lo-zenie.

Examples of pre-lo-s: By-ring-no-those ro-di-te-lyam, by-go-in-ri-those with them. After all it's so simple and one-time-difficult-but-love ...

Everyone in the house was already asleep. AND only ba-bush-ka quietly bor-mo-ta-la: she always before going to bed chi-ta-la mo-lit-you, you-great-shi-vaya from the forces of not-infinite best-share for US.

After leaving the husband, it became empty in the soul and empty in the house. Even a cat, usually no-siv-shy-sya me-theo-rum in an apartment, only sleepily ze-va-e and everything is no-ro-whit take me into my arms. Here on whose hands would I lean ...About-ra-ti-those attention-ma-nie, the linking-the-parts-ts-ts are in the na-cha-le of the pre-lo-zenie.

5. Word forms

Communication in the form of a word so-it-it is that in a number of standing pre-lodges the same word is used in different

• if this su-sh-t-tel - number and pas de same
• if pri-la-ha-tel-noe - gender, number and pas de same
• if place-name - gender, number and pas de same in for-vi-si-mo-sti from the discharge-yes
• if glol in person (gender), number, time

Gla-go-ly and part-part, gl-head and de-part-part count it in different words.

Examples of pre-lo-s: Noise in-ste-pen-but-ra-thal. From this na-ras-ta-yu-shu-go noise a hundred-but-moose was not at ease.

I was familiar with my son ka-pi-ta-na... With myself ka-pi-ta-nom fate was not enough for me, but I knew that it was only a matter of time.

Note: in the assignment there may be na-pi-sa-no "forms of the word", and then this is ONE word in different forms;

"Forms of words" - and these are already two words, second-to-second, in the adjacent pre-lo-w-n-y.

In the difference between the forms of the word and the lex-si-che-sko-second for the key, there is a special complexity.

In-form-ma-tion for the teacher.

Consider the most difficult task of the re-al-no-go USE 2016. We will bring in full a fragment, published on the FIPI website in "Me-to-di-che-uk-z-ni-yah for teachers (2016) "

For-work-not-nia ek-z-me-well-e-myh when you-half-not-n-n-n-d-n-t 23 you-call-va-are there cases when the condition is set-up -nee tre-bo-va-lo of the difference of the form of the word and the lex-si-che-sko-second as a means of communication of the pre-lo-ny in the text. In these cases, during the analysis of the language-to-go ma-te-ri-a-la, it should be noted that the education-cha-yu- on the fact that the lex-si-che-a-second pre-po-la-ha-e-second lex-si-che-a unit with a special style -che-sky-yes-whose.

We bring the condition of the task 23 and a fragment of the text of one of the var-an-tov USE 2016:

“Among the pre-lo-s-nes 8-18, find-di-those, which are connected with the previous one with the help of lex-c-che in a second. Na-pi-shi-te is the number of this proposition. "

Below is pri-ve-de-no na-cha-lo tek-hundred, given-no-go for ana-li-za.

- (7) What an idiot you are, when you don’t love your native land, eccentric!

(8) Maybe that's why Berg did not succeed in drinking-for-zhi. (9) He pre-chi-tal port-ret, pla-kat. (10) He tried to find the style of his own time, but these attempts were full of failures and uncertainties.

(11) One-na-zh-dy Berg received a letter from the hu-dog-nik Yar-tse-va. (12) He called him to come to the Mu-rum forests, where he spent the summer.

(13) Av-dense stood hot and windless. (14) Yartsev lived far from a deserted station, in the forest, on the shore of a deep lake with black water. (15) He rented a hut near the forest. (16) Carrying Berg to the lake is the son of the forest-nik Vanya Zotov, a su-tu-ly and for-sten-chi-chi-chi boy. (17) On Lake Berg lived for about a month. (18) He did not co-bi-ral-sy to work and did not take the oil-colored juice with him.

Proposition 15 connected with preposition 14 with more help personal location "he"(Yartsev).

Proposition 16 is connected with preposition 15 with more help word forms "forester": pre-false-but-pa-dezh-noy form, governing-la-e-my head, and de-pre-false form, governing-la-e-my name su-shche -stvo-tel. These word-forms-we express different meanings: the meaning of the object and the meaning of the attached, and the use of ras-smat-ri-va-e-forms does not carry a sti-l-sti-che-load.

Proposition 17 is connected with preposition 16 with help word forms (“On the lake - to the lake”; "Berga - Berg").

Pre-lo-e-e-18 connected with the previous one with help personal location "he"(Berg).

The correct answer in problem 23 dan-go va-ri-an-ta is 10. Namely, the pre-lo-gi-ness 10 text-hundred is connected with the previous one (pre-lo-lo-ness-9) with the help lek-si-che-sko-go-to-ra (the word "he").

To summarize, pro-qi-ti-ro-vav av-to-ra "Me-to-di-che-skom in a way for teachers (2016)", I.P. Tsi-bul-ko: "Lek-si-che-s-second pre-po-la-ha-et-s-second lex-si-che-si-ni-tsy with a special sti-l-sti-che-z yes-whose. "

Not-about-ho-di-mo to note that among the av-to-ditch of different personalities there is no single opinion, what to count as lek-si-che-skim in the second - one and the same word in different pas-de-jah (persons, numbers) or in the same. Av-to-ry books from the yes-tel-state "Na-tsi-o-nal-nal education", "Ek-za-men", "Le-gi-on" ( av-to-ry Tsy-bul-ko I.P., Vasi-le-vykh I.P., Guest Yu.N., Se-ni-na N.A.) there is not a single example, with which words in different forms would be considered lex-ci-che-skim in the second.

At the same time, very complex cases, with some words, standing in different pas de jah sov-pa-da-yut in form, ras-smat-ri-va- they are in a different way. The author of the books, Se-ni-na N.A., sees the forms of the word in this. I.P. Tsi-bul-ko (according to the ma-te-ri-a-lamas of the book of 2017) sees the lex-si-che-si-sec. So, in the pre-lo-same-n-ya type I saw the sea in a dream. The sea was calling me the word "sea" has different pas-de-ji, but at the same time it is not-doubt-but there is the same style-li-sti-che-sky-da-cha, about which-swarm writes And .NS. Tsi-bul-ko. Do not go deeper into the ling-vis-st-che-solution of this issue, we will denote by the position of the RE-SHU-EGE and give a re-com-men -Yes.

1. All clearly not sov-pa-da-yu-si-s are forms of a word, not lex-si-ci-vos. Note that we are talking about the same language phenomenon as in task 24. And in 24 lex-si-che -skie-second-ry - this is only the second-ry-yu-schi-e-Xia words, in the same forms.

2. There will be no cov-pa-da-yu-shi forms in the zad-da-no-yah on the RE-SHU-EGE: if the ling-v-st-sp-spe-ci-a-l-sts themselves cannot If this is disassembled, then the school is not able to launch it.

3. If on ek-za-me-not-pa-dut-sya-da-da-nia with similar labor-no-stya-mi, look at those half-no tel-nye means of communication, which can be determined with a choice. After all, the co-one-hundred-a-vi-te-lei KIMs may have their own, particular opinion. By the way, it may be so.

23.3 Shin-tak-si-che-ch-cie means.

Introductory words

The connection with the help of the introductory words co-is, completes any other connection, completing from the ten-ka-mi meaning, ha-rak-ter-ny-mi for introductory words.

Finish-but, not-about-ho-di-mo to know what words are input.

This is discussed in detail in the reference to Assignment 17

He was taken to work. Unfortunately, Anton was too am-bi-tsi-o-zen. One side, the team needed such personalities, with the other - he did not yield to anyone and in anything, if something was, as he said, below its level.

We give examples of the definition of communication means in a small text.

(1) Masha and I knew each other a few months ago. (2) My ro-di-te-li have not seen her yet, but not a hundred-and-wa-li on the knowledge. (3) Ka-for-els, she, too, did not strive to get closer, that I was not a little bit upset.

Define-de-lim, how connected are the prepositions in this text.

Proposition 2 is connected with preposition 1 with the help of a personal location her, which-swarm for-me-nya-s name Masha in preposition 1.

Pre-lo-w-ness 3 is connected with pre-lo-w-n-it 2 with the help of word forms she her: "She" is the form of the name-ni-tel-go pas-de-ja, "her" is the form of ro-di-tel-no-go pas-de-ja.

In addition, proposition 3 also has other means of communication: this is a union too, introductory word ka-for-elk, rows of si-no-ni-mich-structures not on-a-a-a-a-wa-whether on a knowledge and did not strive to get closer.

Read the excerpt from the review. It examines the linguistic features of the text. Some of the terms used in the review are missing. Insert the numbers corresponding to the number of the term from the list in the spaces of the blanks.

“Talking about Yegor Dremov, the writer talks to us about the Russian character. Emphasizing the moral foundations of the character of his hero, the author uses the technique: (A) _____ (sentence 7). The moral core of Yegor Dremov was fully manifested during the battles for his native land. Speaking about people like Yegor, the writer uses trope - (B) _____ ("and a great power rises in him - human beauty" in sentence 30) and a syntactic means of expressiveness - (C) _____ (sentence 29). Fortitude, inner strength, love for the Fatherland are especially striking when the writer, using such a form of speech as (G) _____ (sentences 25-27), shows the meeting of Yegor Dremov and the general. "

List of terms:

1) epithets

2) extended metaphor

3) quoting

4) colloquial vocabulary

5) parceling

7) exclamation clause

8) rows of homogeneous members of the sentence

9) comparison

Explanation (see also Rule below).

“Talking about Yegor Dremov, the writer talks to us about the Russian character. Emphasizing the moral foundations of the character of his hero, the author uses the technique: (A) quotation (sentence 7). The moral core of Yegor Dremov was fully manifested during the battles for his native land. Speaking about people like Yegor, the writer uses trope - (B) an expanded metaphor ("and a great power rises in him - human beauty" in sentence 30) and a syntactic means of expressiveness - (C) an exclamation sentence (sentence 29). Resilience, inner strength, love for the Fatherland are especially striking when a writer, using such a form of speech as (D) dialogue (sentences 25-27), shows a meeting between Yegor Dremov and the general. "

2) a detailed metaphor - a hidden comparison

7) exclamation clause - a sentence with a special intonation

6) dialogue - a conversation between two or more persons

Answer: 3276.

Answer: 3276

Rule: Task 26. Language means of expression

ANA-LIZ MEANS YOU-RA-ZI-TEL-NO-STI.

The purpose of the assignment is the determination of the means of expression, used in the re-evaluation by the mouth -new-le-niya co-answers between the pro-let-ka-mi, denoted-chen-mi buk-va-mi in the text of the revision, and the number -mi with opre-de-le-ni-i-mi. You need to write co-answers only in the order in which the letters go in the text. If you do not know what is hidden under this or that letter, do not put "0" in the place of this number. For the task, you can get from 1 to 4 points.

When you-half-no-ness of the order 26, it follows to remember that you are full of nya-e-those places of pro-starts in re-census, i.e. ... re-sta-nav-li-wa-e-te text, and with it and meaningful, and grammatical connection... Therefore, an analysis of the re-value itself can often serve as an additional sub-tale: or in some other way, co-gla-su-yu-e-sya with pro-pus-ka-zu-e-my, etc. About-easy-cheat you-complete-not-assignment-assignment and division-division-division of the list of ter-mines into two groups: the first includes-cha-et-mi -we are on the basis of the meaning of the word, the second is the construction of the sentence. You will be able to do this, knowing that all means are divided into TWO large groups: the first one includes lex-si-che sky (non-special-ci-al-ny means) and paths; in the second, fi-gu-ry speech (some of them are called sin-tak-si-che-ski-mi).

26.1 TROP-WORD OR YOU-RA-SAME-NIE, UPO-DEMAND-LA-E-MY IN PE-RE-NOS-NOM KNOW-CHE-NII FOR CO-CREATION HU-DO-SAME-STVEN-NO -THE ABOUT-RA-FOR AND DO-STI-SAME-NIYA GREAT YOU-RA-ZI-TEL-NO-STI. To tro-pam from-but-sit-Xia such pri-e-we, as epit-tet, comparison-not-nie, oli-tset-tv-re-nie, me-ta-fo-ra, me-to -ni-miya, sometimes to them from-but-sit gi-per-bo-ly and whether-you.

Note: In the assignment, as a rule, it is indicated that these are TRACKS.

In the re-census, examples of tro-poses are indicated in brackets, as a word-in-so-che-ta-t.

1.Epithet(in the lane from Greek - attachment, addition) - this is a different definition, from a significant feature for this context in the image of the phenomenon. From the simple definition of the epi-tete from-whether-cha-et-Xia hu-to-the-same vy-ra-zi-tel-ness and the but-stu. At the core of the epi-te-ta lies a hidden comparison.

To epi-te-there, all the "beautiful-juicy" definitions, which are most often expressed, are related to pri-la-ha-tel-us-mi:

sad-no-si-ro-te-yu-shchaya land(F.I. Tyut-chev), gray fog, li-mon-ny light, silent peace(I. A. Bunin).

Epi-te-you can also say:

-su-sh-t-tel-ny-mi, you-stu-pa-yu-shi-mi as a pri-lo-zh-niy or say-zu-e-mih, yes-yu-yu-u-u-u-u-u-u-ha-rak-te- ri-sti-ku pre-met-ta: wol-sheb-ni-tsa-winter; mother - damp earth; A poet is a lyre, and not just a nanny of his soul(M. Gorky);

-na-re-chi-i-mi, you-stu-pa-yu-schi-mi in the role of obs-tions: In the se-ve-re it is wild alone... (M. Yu. Ler-mon-tov); The leaves were straightforwardly you-cha-well-you are in the wind (K. G. Pa-u-stovskiy);

-de-e-pri-cha-sti-i-mi: waves not-day-Xia thundering and flashing;

-place-name-ni-i-mi, you-ra-zha-yu-shi-mi pre-re-run-the degree of this or that state of the human soul:

After all, there were fight-ki bo-e-vie, Yes, they say, more what kind! (M. Yu. Ler-mon-tov);

-at-cha-sti-i-mi and at-private-about-ro-ta-mi: Co-lo-vyi-in-word-viem gro-ho-chim read the forest pre-de-ly (BL Pas-ster-nak); I also let it appear ... bor-zo-scribes, who cannot get to where they were yesterday there are no other words in the language besides words, do not remember family(M.E.Sal-ty-kov-Shched-rin).

2. Comparison- this is an pictorial technique, based on the co-occurrence of one phenomenon or on-ness with another ... In contrast to the me-ta-fora, the comparison is always two-member-but: in it, both are co- my subjects (phenomenon, recognition, action).

Auls are burning, they have no protection.

The enemy is the sons of the fatherland of the raz-bi-you,

And for-re-in, as an eternal me-theor,

Playing in ob-la-kah, poo-ha-et gaze. (M. Yu. Ler-mon-tov)

Comparing-not-nia you-ra-zha-are-sya different-ny-ny-s-s-ba-mi:

Form-my-th-th-tel-no-go pas-de-ja sous-tel-tel-ny:

So-lo-viem over the years Youth pro-le-te-la,

Wave in no-go-do Joy from-shu-me-la (A. V. Kol-tsov)

Form-my comparative-ne-tel-noy ste-pe-ni pri-la-ha-tel-no-go or na-re-chiya: These eyes ze-le-nee seas and ki-pa-ri-owls of our the less(A. Ah-ma-to-va);

Comparison-no-tel-mi about-ro-ta-mi with so-yu-z-mi like, word-but, as if, as if, etc.:

Like a beast of prey, to a humble dwelling

Vry-va-et-Xia shty-ka-be-di-tel ... (M. Yu. Ler-mon-tov);

With the help of words like, like, like, these are:

In the eyes of a cautious cat

Similar your eyes (A. Ah-ma-to-va);

With the help of comparatively accurate predictions:

Behind-the-circle-las foliage gold-lo-tha

In the ro-zo-va-that water on the pond,

Exactly ba-bo-check easy flock

With za-mi-ra-niyom flies to the star-doo. (S. A. Ese-nin)

3.Me-ta-fo-ra(in the lane from Greek - pe-re-nos) is a word or expression, which is consumed in the re-nos-nos. che-nii on the basis of the similarity of two objects or phenomena for ka-ko-mu-or sign-ku. In contrast to the comparison, in which it comes, there is something that is comparable, and that with which it is comparable - yes, the meta-fora contains only the second, which creates the compactness and image of the use of the word. In os-no-wu me-ta-fo-ry, there may be some similarity of objects in shape, color, volume, on-knowledge, feel -no-pits, etc.: in-to-fall of the stars, la-vie-na letters, wall of fire, bottomless grief, zhem-chu-zhi-na po-e-zii, spark of love and etc.

All me-ta-fo-ry are divided into two groups:

1) general language("Erased"): golden hands, a storm in a hundred-ka-not water, mountains free-ro-t, strings of the soul, love died out;

2) hu-do-same-nye(in-di-vi-du-al-no-av-tor-skie, in-e-ti-che-skie):

And there are no stars al-maz-tre-pet

V no-pain-ho-lo-de dawn (M. Volo-shin);

Empty heavens transparent glass (A. Ah-ma-to-va);

AND blue eyes, no-don-nye

Tsve-here in the distance, be-re-gu. (A. A. Blok)

Me-ta-fo-ra-wa-et not just one night: it can develop in text, forming whole chains of different expressions, in many cases - wrap-you-vat, as if to call out the whole text. it once-ver-well-thawed, complex me-ta-fo-ra, purpose-ny xy-to-zhestv-ny image.

4. Oli-tset-re-tion- this is a different-kind-of me-ta-fo-ry, os-but-van-naya on pe-re-no-se, signs of a living being on a reality le-niya pri-ro-dy, subject-met-you and p-nyatya. Most often, oli-tset-re-nia is used-used when describing the nature:

Rolling through the sleepy valleys, Tu-ma-us sleepy lay, And only the tramp of lo-sha-di-ny, Sounding, disappearing in the distance. It went out, pale-neya, autumn day, Swer-nouve dou-shi-sty sheets, Vku-sha-yut sleep without dream-vi-de-nii Po-loo-for-vain flowers... (M. Yu. Ler-mon-tov)

5. Me-to-ni-miya(in the lane from Greek - pe-re-name-no-va-ny) - this is the re-ness of the name from one subject to another on the basis of no-va-nii their contiguity. Adjacency can be a manifestation of a connection:

Between the con-tainer-ni-it and the con-tainer: I three ta-rel-ki ate (I.A.Kry-lov);

Between av-to-rum and pro-iz-ve-de-ni: Bra-nil Go-me-ra, Fe-o-kri-ta, But read Adam Smith(A.S. Pushkin);

Between the action and the instrument of action: Their villages and fields for a violent raid He condemned to swords and po-zha-ram(A.S. Pushkin);

Between subject and ma-te-ri-a-lom, from ko-ro-go the subject was made: ... not that for se-re-re, - for gold-lo-those I ate(A.S. Gri-bo-edov);

Between the place and people, na-ho-dya-schi-mi-Xia in this place: The city was noisy, cracking flags, wet roses souring from the bowls of flowers ... (Yu.K. Olesha)

6. Si-neck-do-ha(in the lane from Greek - co-from-not-se-nie) is different-but-visibility of me-to-ni-mi, based on the pe-re-not-se-nition of knowledge from one phenomenon to another according to the sign-ko-li-che- the real-but-th relation between them. Most often, pe-re-nose pro-ex-goes:

From the smallest to the larger: To him, and the bird does not fly, And the tiger she-child ... (A. Pushkin);

From part to whole: Bo-ro-yes, why are you all silent?(A.P. Chekhov)

7. Per-phrases, or per-ri-phra-za(in the lane from Greek - a descriptive expression), is a turnover, which is consumed instead of -th word or word-in-so-che-ta-niya. For example, Pe-ter-burg in the sti-hah

A.S. Push-ki-na - "Petra thy-re-nye", "Full of beautiful countries and a miracle", "city of Pet-drov"; A. A. Blok in the poems of M. I. Tsve-ta-e-voy - "the knight-tsar without reproach" , "Snowy forest", "all-holder of my soul."

8 gi-lane-bo-la(in the lane from Greek - pre-exaggeration) - this is a different expression, containing not-in-measure pre-uve - whether-what-ka-ko-go-or sign-ka-met-that, phenomenon, action: Rare bird to-le-tit to se-re-di-us Dne-pra(N.V. Go-gol)

And in the same mi-well-that along the streets of ku-rye-ry, ku-rye-ry, ku-rye-ry ... thirty five thousands some ku-rye-ditch! (N.V. Go-gol).

9. Lee-that-that(in the lane from Greek - smallness, moderation) is a different expression, containing an inappropriate pre-decrease -shenie ka-ko-go-or-sign-ka-met-that, phenomenon, action: What tiny-hot-ko-dov-ki! There is, right, less boo-la-voch-noy head.(I.A.Kry-lov)

And walking importantly, in the calmness of the rank-nom, Lo-shad-ku leads by the bridle a man-zh-chok In big sa-po-gah, in a half-fur-ke ov-rank -nom, In big ru-ka-wit-tsakh ... and himself with no-go-tok!(N.A.Ne-kra-sov)

10. Iro-nia(in the lane from Greek - pri-creation) - this is the use of a word or vocalization in the sense, against-in-false straight-moo. Iro-nia is a kind of alien-ska-za-nia, with which, for an outwardly not-so-life-like assessment, it is hidden on - laugh: From-to-le, clever, do you delusional, go-lo-va?(I.A.Kry-lov)

26.2 "NON-SPE-TSI-AL-NYE" LEK-SI-CHE-SKI ISOB-RA-ZI-TEL-NO-VY-RA-ZI-TEL-TEL-NI LANGUAGE ENVIRONMENT

Note: In the zad-ni-yah, it is sometimes indicated that this is a lex-si-che-tool. Usually, in the re-census of the task, 24 examples of lexical means are given in brackets either in one word, or in a word so-che-ta-ni-em, in which-rum is one of the words you-de-le-no kur-si-vom. About-ra-t-those attention: it is precisely these means, most often not-about-ho-di-mo find in problem 22!

11. Si-no-no-we, that is, words of one part of speech, different in sound, but identical or close in lexical meaning and from-li-cha-yu-schi-e-Xia from each other or from-ten-ka-mi meaning, or sty-li-sti-che-color ( bold-from-important, run-to-rush, eyes(neutral) - eyes(poet.)), ob-la-da-yut with great expressive power.

Si-no-no-we can be context-us.

12. No-no-no-we, that is, words of the same part of speech, anti-false by meaning ( is-ti-na - a lie, good - evil, from-a-ti-tel-but-for-me-cha-tel-but), also ob-la-da-yut a lot of options.

An-to-no-we can be context-us, that is, one hundred-but-wit-Xia an-to-no-ma-mi only in this context.

Lies wow good or bad,

Gray-to-pain-noy or de-merciless,

Lies wow dexterous and un-foldable,

Inspect-tel-noy and without-looking,

Into-and-tel-noy and no-happy.

13. Fra-zeo-lo-giz-we as a means of language

Fra-zeo-log-giz-we (phra-zeo-log-giz-words, go-oh-we), that is, vos-pro-from-in-di- words-in-so-so-ta-ting and pre-lodging, in which the whole meaning is d-min-ni ru-et over the know-no-I-s of the composition of their com-po-en-tov and it is not a simple sum of such niy ( fall into the wrong-sak, be in seventh heaven, yab-lo-to-time-do-ra), about-la-da-yut a lot of options. You-ra-zi-ness of the phrase-zeo-log-giz-mov is defined-de-la-et-sya:

1) their bright image, including mi-fo-lo-gi-che-sky ( cat na-la-kal, like a squirrel in ko-le-se, thread of Ari-ad-nah, da-mo-klov sword, achil-le-so-va heel);

2) from-not-sen-no-st of many of them: a) to the order of you-so-kih ( voice vo-pi-yu-shche-go in p-st-no, drop into oblivion) or lower-feminine (one-of-a-thief, simple-speech: like a fish in water, neither sleep nor spirit, blow in by the nose, on-we-pour the neck, open the ears); b) to the range of language means with a po-li-e-tel emo-chi-o-nal-but-ex-press-ing-coy ( keep the thread as zeni-tsu oka - torzh.) or with negative emo-tsi-o-nal-but-ex-press-tive color (without tsar in the head - disapproving, small fry - pre-not-shy).

14. Sty-li-sti-che-ski okra-shen-naya lek-si-ka

To enhance the expression in the text, all the discharges of the style of color can be used. noah lek-si-ki:

1) emo-tsi-o-nal-no-ex-press-siv-naya (oce-night-naya) lek-si-ka, including:

a) words with a positive emo-tsi-o-nal-but-ex-press-naya assessment: tor-zhe-tsve-nye, elevated ( including sta-ro-sl-vya-niz-we): breath-no-ve-nie, coming-blowing, fatherhood, cha-i-nia, co-blooded, not swift; way-v-shen-no-e-ti-ti: no-me-tezh-ny, lu-che-zar-ny, charm, la-zur-ny; approving: blah-dear-ny, you-yes-yu-shi-Xia, amazing-tel-ny, ot-important; las-k-tel-nye: sol-nysh-ko, g-lub-chik, do-chen-ka

b) words with negative emo-tsi-o-nal-but-ex-press-naya assessment: unapproved: do-we-sat down, pre-pi-rat-sya, oko-le-si-tsa; pre-not-shy: you-skoch-ka, de-la-ha; pre-spectators: ball-devil, tooth-ri-la, pi-sa-ni-na; abusive /

2) function-tsi-o-nal-no-sti-li-sti-che-ski color-shen-naya lek-si-ka, including:

a) book-naya: na-uch-naya (terms: al-li-te-ra-tion, ko-si-nus, in-ter-fe-ration); ofi-tsi-al-no-de-lo-waya: ni-same-under-pi-sav-shi-e-Xia, pre-treasure; pub-li-qi-sti-che-sky: re-port-tazh, in-ter-view; hu-do-same-but-in-e-ti-che-sky: la-zur-ny, eyes, la-ni-you

b) once-thief-naya (obi-move-but-be-that-wai): dad, boy-chon-ka, hwa-stu-nish-ka, hello-ro-woo-shi

15. Lek-si-ka limited-ni-chen-no-goo-demand

To enhance the expression in the text, all the discharges of the lek-si-ki are limited, but they can also be used. -th use-requirements, including:

Lek-si-ka dialekt-naya (words that are consumed by some locality: kochet - rooster, veksha - squirrel);

Lek-si-ka simple-speech-naya (words with a brightly pronounced lower-feminine style-li-style-che-color: fa-mi-lyar-noy, gru -boy, pre-not-sh-t-noy, abusive, na-ho-dya-schi-e-Xia on the edge or for pre-de-la-mi li-te-ra -tour norm: go-lo-d-ra-netz, for-bul-dy-ha, for-cracking-shi-na, tre-pach);

Lek-si-ka pro-fess-si-o-nal-naya (words that are consumed in professional speech and do not enter dyat in system-ste-mu society-whether-te-ra-tur-no-th language: kam-buz - in the speech of the sea-ry-kov, the duck - in the speech of the journals, the window - in the speech of pre-da-va-te-lei);

Lek-si-ka hot-gon-naya (words peculiar to hot-go-us - mo-lo-dezh-no-mu: so-sov-ka, na-vo-ro-you, cool; com-pew-ter-no-mu: brains - memory of com-pu-te-ra, klava - cla-vi-a-tu-ra; sol-d-sko-mu: dem-belle, black-pack, perfume; heat-go-well pre-stup-nikov: brother-wa, ma-li-na);

Lek-si-ka usta-roar-shaya (is-to-riz-we are the words that came out of the up-demand in connection with the disappearance of the the knowledge of the objects or phenomena they use: bo-yarin, oprich-no-na, horse; ar-ha-iz-we are mouth-roaring words, na-zy-va-yu-yu-yu-yu-yu-yu-yu-yu-yu-yu-yu-yu-yu-yu-yu-yu-yu-yu-yu-yu-yu, for whom new ones appeared in the language na-name-no-va-niya: forehead - forehead, wet-ri-lo - sail); - lek-si-ka new (neo-log-giz-we are words that have not been introduced into the language for a long time and do not yet have their no-visas: blog, slogan, tee-nay-jer).

26.3 FI-GU-RA-MI (RI-TO-RI-CHE-SKI-MI FI-GU-RA-MI, STI-LEE-STI-CHE-SKI-MI FI-GU-RA-MI, FI-GU -RA-MI SPEECH) NA-ZY-VA-YUT-SYA STI-LI-STI-CHE-SKI PRI-E-WE, os-but-van-nye on special so-che-ta-ni-y words that go beyond the usual practical use, and have the goal of enhancing the expression -tel-no-sti and the image-ra-zi-tel-no-sti of the text-hundred. To the main phi-gu-rams of speech from-but-syat-syat-syat: ri-to-ri-che-question, ri-to-r-che-che-cry, ri-to-r-che-r-ha-s-ction, repetition, syn-tak-si-ch-para-l-le-lism, a lot of so-yu-zie, imp so-yu-zie, e-lip-sis, inver-sia, par-cell-la-tzia, anti-te-za, gra-da-tsion, ok-syu-mo-ron. In contrast to lexical means, this is the level of preposition or several prescriptions.

Note: There is no clear form-ma-that of the definition of the definition, the indication of these means: they are -s-va-yut and sin-so-si-che-mi means, and by means of reception, and simply by means of va-zi-tel-sti, and fi-gu -Roy. In task 24, on the fi-gu-ru of speech, indicate the number of the sentence given in brackets.

16.Ri-to-ric-question- this is fi-gu-ra, in which the swarm in the form of in-pro-sa contains a statement. Ri-to-ri-che-question does not require from-ve-ta, it is used to increase the emo-chi-o-neness, you -silence of speech, to draw attention to chi-ta-te-la to this or that phenomenon:

Why did he give his hand to the cle-vet-ni-kam-n-nothing, Why did he believe in the words and las-kam false, He, from a young age, stig-nouveau people?.. (M. Yu. Ler-mon-tov);

17.Ri-to-ri-che-cry- this is fi-gu-ra, in which, in the form of echoing, the statement is contained. Ri-to-ri-che-kh-kl-ts-ts-ts-tsi-tsi-li-va-yut in co-society the expression of certain feelings; they are usually from-whether-cha-are-not only a special emo-ts-o-nal-nal-ness, but also tor-as-n-n-n-ness and pri-n-nya- then:

That was in the morning of our years - Happiness! about tears! Oh forest! oh life! O sun light! About the fresh spirit of be-re-za. (A.K. Tolstoy);

Alas! before the power of a stranger Slo-no-las a proud country. (M. Yu. Ler-mon-tov)

18.Ri-to-ri-che-sh-c-ness- this is a sti-l-sti-che-sky fi-gu-ra, co-standing in an under-dash-well-that-talk to someone-be-or-nothing- be for enhancing the expression. It serves not so much for the naming of ad-re-sa-ta speech, as for expressing the attitude to what flickering in the text. Ri-to-ri-ch-richeskie can create a tor-tality and pa-tic speech, express joy, co- zha-le-niy and other from-ten-ki to-tune-e-niya and emo-ts-o-nal-nal-n-th-s-i-niya:

My friends! Pre-kra-sen is our union. He, like a soul, is not-holding and eternal (A. Pushkin);

Oh, deep night! Oh, cold autumn! Dumb! (C. D. Bal-Mont)

19.Vo-sec (po-zi-chi-on-no-lex-si-ch-ch-v-v, lex-ch-ch-ch-ch-ch-v-v)- this is a sti-l-sti-che-fi fi-gu-ra, which is in the second-re-ni of a member of the pre-lo-zenia (words) , parts of a proposition or a whole proposition, several propositions, stanzas in order to attract special attention to them -mane.

Different-but-vid-but-sty-mi-second-rav-la-yut-Xia ana-fo-ra, epi-fo-ra and under-grip.

Anaphora(in the lane from Greek - ascension, ascent), or one-but-to-cha-t, is a second word or group of words in one cha-le lines, stanzas or pre-lo-zh-niy:

Le-no-vo the hazy half-day breathes,

Le-no-vo ka-tit-sya river.

And in the solid-di-flame-noy and chi-stop

Le-no-in about-la-ka melt (F. I. Tyut-chev);

Epiphora(in the lane from Greek - add-on, final pre-preposition of per-ri-o-da) is a second word or a group of words in end of lines, stanzas, or pre-loops:

Although man is not eternal,

That which is eternal - che-lo-etern-but.

What is day or age

Before that devil-of-nothing?

Although man is not eternal,

That which is eternal - man-eh-eh-but(A. A. Fet);

They got the bu-khan-ka light bread - joy!

Se-god-nya the movie is good in the club - joy!

Two-volume-nickname of Pa-u-stov-sko-go in the book ma-gazin brought-li- joy!(A.I.Sol-same-ni-tsyn)

Under-grip- this is a repetition of ka-ko-go-ka-ka-ka-ka-ka-ka-ka-ka speech (pre-lo-zeni-niya, st-ho-creative line) in na-cha-le next-du-yu- followed by a co-answer to the speech:

Po-wa-lil-sya he on cold snow,

On cold snow, like so-sen-ka,

As if so-sen-ka in raw pine forest (M. Yu. Ler-mon-tov);

20. Pa-ral-le-lism (syn-tak-si-che-sky pa-ral-le-lism)(in the lane from Greek - walking alongside) - the same or similar construction of adjacent parts of the text-hundred: next to the standing lo-zh-niy, sty-ho-creative lines, stanzas, which-rye, co-opting, create a single image:

I look at the future with bo-yaz-new,

I look at the past with a toska ... (M. Yu. Ler-mon-tov);

I was a ringing string for you,

I was your blooming spring,

But you don’t want flowers,

And you have not heard the words? (C. D. Bal-Mont)

Often with use-pol-zo-va-ni-it anti-ti-te-zy: What is he looking for in the country? What did he throw at the edge of his family?(M. Ler-mon-tov); Not a country - for business, but business - for a country (from gazeta).

21. In-version(in the lane from Greek - pe-re-st-nov-ka, pe-re-vo-ra-chi-va-nie) - this is due to the change of the usual order ka words in the pre-lo-ze-nii with the aim of underlining the meaning of the meaning , pre-lo-ze-niya), giving the phrase a special style-l-sty-tish-ting-shen-ness: tor-t-zest-n-th, you-co- ko-th sound-cha-nia or, on-o-bo-mouth, once-thief, a few-to-lower-female ha-rak-te-ri-sti-ki. In-vers-si-ro-wan-ny-mi in Russian, count-ta-h-th-th-th-th-th-th-th-th-th-th:

The co-gla-co-van-ny definition-de-le-ny stands after the definition-de-la-e-my word: I sit behind the lattice in so-ni-tse raw(M. Yu. Ler-mon-tov); But do not run-ha-lo swell on this sea; not stru-il-sya soulful air-spirit: on-dawn-wa-la thunderstorm ve-li-kaya(I. S. Tur-ge-nev);

To-a-half-not-nia and about-I-ts-tstva, you-fe-feminine s-t-t-s, stand in front of the word, to ko-ro- mu ot-no-sit-Xia: Hours one-but-different battle(one-but-a-different chiming of the clock);

22. Par-cell-la-tion(in the lane from French - part-tsa) - sty-lis-t-ch-ch-ch-ch-ch-ch-ch-ch-sy in the calculation of a single syn- so-si-che-t-ry structure of pre-lo-ze-niya on several-in-that-on-tsi-on-but-sense-lo-sing-ness - phrases. At the place of dissection, the suggestions can be used to use a point, an echo-cli-tsa-tel-ny and a something. In the morning, bright as a splint. Terrible. Dol-gim. Rat-nym. The arrow-to-th regiment was smashed. Our. In battle, unequal(R. Rozh-de-stven-sky); Why is nobody doing it? Education and health-protection-not! The most important spheres of society's life! Do not mention-me-well-you in this do-ku-men-those in-general(From newspapers); It is necessary that the go-su-dar-stvo is the main thing: his citizens-da-not are not physical persons. And people... (From newspapers)

23.- sin-tak-si-che-fi-gur-ry, os-but-van-nye on-me-ren-pro-pus-ke, or, na-o-bo-rot, co-know -tel-nom in the second-re-nii so-yu-call. In the first case, when omitting so-u-call, the speech of a hundred-but-wit-Xia compressed, compact, di-na-mich-noy. Pictured actions and events here quickly, instantly, once-ver-you-wa-th-th, change each other:

Swede, Russian - stabs, chops, cuts.

Fight bang bang, clicks, creaks.

The thunder of the cannons, the stomp, the rustle, the groan,

And death and hell from all sides. (A.S. Pushkin)

When many-so-yu-ziya speech, on-against, for-med-la-et-sya, pauses and in the second-rya-yu-sya alliance you-de-la-yut words, ex-press-siv-but under- scribbling their meaning:

But and grandson, and great-grandson, and great-great-grandson

It grows in me, while I myself grow ... (P.G.An-to-kol-sky)

24. Peri-od- a long, multi-member proposition or a very widespread simple proposition, which is from it is, after all, the unity of the theme and the in-and-on-tsi-one ras-pa-de-no-em into two parts. In the first part, the syn-tak-si-che-si-second of one-type attributions (or members of the pre-lodging) goes from ta-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-e-n-t-n-tation, then - one-de-la-y-o-pause, and in the second part, where Yes, there is a conclusion, the tone of the voice is noticeable, but it is not. Such an in-that-na-tsi-on-new design forms a kind of circle:

Whenever I want to restrict my life to-mash-nim for-ho-tel, / When b my family-ny card-ty-noy I have been capturing at least a single moment, then, surely, besides you, one non-ve-sta did not look for another. (A.S. Pushkin)

25.An-ti-te-za, or pro-ti-in-becoming-le-nie(in the lane from Greek - anti-in-in-lo-ze-nie) - this is a revolt, in which-rum is sharply anti-in-po-po against-in-false-ny-tii, po-lo-ze-niya, images. For the creation of anti-ti-te-za, it is usual to use-use-use-sy-u-u-u-u-u-u-u-u-u-u-u-u-l-l-l-e-l -th:

You are rich, I am very poor, You are a pro-za-hik, I am a poet(A.S. Pushkin);

Yesterday, still in the eyes,

And now - everything is in a side-by-side,

Yesterday I sat before the birds,

All zha-in-ron-ki today are crow-ro-ny!

I'm dumb and you're smart

Alive, and I am stunned, not barking.

About the cry of women of all times:

"My dear, what have I done to you?" (M.I. Tsve-ta-e-va)

26. Graduation(in the lane. from lat. - in-ste-pen-nye increase, enhancement) - reception, which is in the after-to-va-tel- nome ras-in-lo-nii-nii-nii, vy-ra-nii, tro-pov (epi-te-tov, me-ta-for, compare-n-nii) in the order of us- le-niya (as-ras-ta-niya) or weakening-le-nia (decreasing-va-nia) attribution. How-ras-ta-yu-shchaya-da-tsion usually it is used to enhance the image, emo-chi-o-nal-noy, and the air -stu-yu-yu-yu-tek-a-hundred:

I called you, but you didn’t look back, I shed tears, but you didn’t come down(A. A. Blok);

Light-ti-fox, go-re-li, shone huge go-lo-bye eyes. (V. A. So-lo-uhin)

Nis-ho-dya-shchaya-da-tsion it is used less often and usually serves to enhance the meaning of the content of the text and to create an image but-sti:

He brought death tar

Yes, a branch with wilted leaves. (A.S. Pushkin)

27. Ok-su-mo-ron(in the lane from Greek - ost-ro-um-no-glu-poe) - this is a sti-l-sti-che-fi-gu-ra, in which-swarm co-uni-nya-yut -somely-but-not-co-n-t-t-t-ty, like the right-v-lo, pro-t-in-re-cha-sh-t to each other ( bitter joy, ringing ti-shi-na etc.); at the same time, there is a new meaning, and speech at-about-re-that-is a special expression: From that hour we started for Ilya weak mu-che-nya, light-lo opa-la-yu-shchie soul (I.S.Shme-lion);

There is longing ve-ce-bark in the crimson dawn (S. A. Ese-nin);

But beautiful-so-you are without them I will soon so-in-stv-stig. (M. Yu. Ler-mon-tov)

28.Al-le-go-riya- ino-ska-za-ny, pe-re-da-cha from-ent-chen-no-ny-ty through a specific image: Foxes and wolves must-watch(cunning, anger, greed).

29. Default- at-a-certain cliff you-say-zy-va-nia, pe-re-da-y-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-e-y and pre-a-la-ha-y-y, that chi-ta-tel do-ha-yes-em-Xia about not-you-said-n-nom: But I wanted ... Perhaps you ...

In addition to the above-mentioned-number-syn-tak-si-si-si-t-si-t-si-t-s-t-s-t-s-t-s-t-s-t-s-t-s, they meet in the tests and then -s:

-re-cli-tsa-tel-ny;

- dia-log, hidden dia-log;

-question-but-answer-old-form from-lo-ze-niya such a form from-lo-ze-niya, with which-swarm-re-du-are-sya in-pro-sy and from-ve-you to in-pro-sy;

-ranks of one-family-members;

-citation;

-introductory words and constructions

-Incomplete suggestions- a pre-statement, in which a member is missed, not-about-ho-di-my for the full-but-you structure and meaning niya. From-day-to-u-u-u-th members of the pre-mission can be restored and con-text.

Including e-lip-sis, that is, ska-zu-e-mo-go skip.

These understandings are ras-smat-ri-va-sya in the school course sin-tak-si-sa. Namely, in this way, for sure, these means of expression are most often re-centered on na-zy-va-yut sin-so-si-che -ski-mi.

Write an essay based on the text you read.

Formulate one of the problems posed by the author of the text.

Please comment on the formulated problem. Include in your comment two illustrative examples from the text you read that you think are important to understanding the problem in the original text (avoid overquoting). Explain the meaning of each example and indicate the semantic connection between them.

The length of the essay is at least 150 words.

A work written without reference to the text read (not according to this text) is not evaluated. If the essay is a retelling or completely rewritten of the original text without any comments, then such a work is estimated at 0 points.

Write an essay carefully, legible handwriting.

Explanation.

Problems:

1. What is Russian character?

2. What is the true beauty of a person?

1. Russian character in extraordinary strength of spirit, in an incomprehensible "core", which does not allow to break in the face of inhuman trials.

2. Yegor Dremov, crippled by the war, remained true to himself, to his homeland - this is his true human beauty.

Tatiana Statsenko

I think you can.

Explanation.

Answer number 1 is confirmed by sentences 10-12. Answer number 3 - sentences 19-21. Answer at number 4 - sentences 22, 27-28. Answers numbered 2 and 5 do not correspond to the content of the text.

Answer: 134.

Answer: 134

Relevance: Current academic year

In the story "Russian character" A.N. Tolstoy described one of the episodes of the Great Patriotic War. There was still a whole year before victory.

The story is not about the military feat of tanker Yegor Dremov, but about his relationship with his parents and fiancée. The Russian character in this work is made up of the individual traits of the characters of all the heroes, major and minor.

The main character is Yegor Dremov, a tank commander who received severe burns in the battle on the Kursk Bulge. He is rescued from a burning tank by a driver who himself was wounded, but pulled out the unconscious commander. Thus, the tank driver Chuvilev (this minor character will once again appear in the story to describe the military exploits of the tank crew under the command of Yegor Dremov) at a dangerous moment thinks not only about his own life, but, risking himself, saves a comrade in arms. In his conscientiousness, one can see a character trait that is highly valued by Russians.

Yegor Dremov shows a Russian character both in battle and in relations with his parents and fiancée. Arriving home on vacation after being injured, he felt sorry for his old parents, he was afraid to upset them. It seemed to Yegor that his ugly face would frighten them: after all, it had become a lifeless mask, and only his eyes remained the same. Thus, the character of the protagonist manifested modesty, restraint, even sacrifice, which Russian people value: a real person cares least of all about himself, but first of all he thinks about his loved ones, about their happiness.

Yegor Dremov was wrong, thinking that he was sparing his parents when he did not admit that he was their son. His parents are already happy that their son is alive - after all, everyone around receives a "funeral" from the front. Yegor Yegorovich and Maria Polikarpovna love their son not for his appearance, but because he is a son. Of course, old people are proud that their Yegor is a hero, but above all they value in him not beauty, but courage and honesty. Here another feature of the Russian character is manifested - the main attention is paid not to appearance, but to spiritual qualities. After all, the soldier's burnt face testifies to the fact that he took part in terrible battles and did not spare himself, defending his homeland. Such a person evokes respect and admiration among Russians, despite the outward ugliness. Therefore, Father Yegor Yegorovich believes that such a face as the front-line soldier who came to them "should be proud." This idea is formulated by the elder Dremov - a Russian himself.

The mother of the hero also has a Russian character. Maria Polikarpovna recognized her son, although his face changed beyond recognition after operations. With her heart, with some sixth sense, she guessed that her son was visiting her house, and showed extraordinary sensitivity, so dear to the Russian heart. Since the Russian person is usually restrained in the manifestations of his feelings, the attention and observation of others, who themselves must guess about the experiences of a loved one, become very important qualities. It is very good if friends and relatives understand each other without words.

In Katya Malysheva, the bride of Yegor Dremov, the Russian character is also revealed: in a woman, Russians value loyalty and devotion, which is demonstrated by the heroine, who twice (seeing him off to the front and visiting after being wounded) declares to Yegor that she will wait for him from the war and love him faithfully. But Katya is the protagonist's bride, not his wife, that is, so far she is connected with Yegor only by word.

Ivan Sudarev, a friend of Yegor and a benevolent storyteller, himself has a Russian character, reasonable, restrained, thoughtful. He evaluates the actions of all the characters appearing in the small story, and notes the different facets of the Russian character in each character.

Thus, Tolstoy creates a Russian character, combining the features of different heroes, and, thanks to this technique, he presents the image of a Russian person as complete, versatile and generalized-sublime.

This portrayal of the national character distinguishes Tolstoy's story from the works of other Soviet authors who wrote about the war. For example, AT Tvardovsky in the poem "Vasily Turkin" concentrates the traits of the Russian character in one main character.

According to artistic principles - the conflict between the good and the best and edification (instructive) - "Russian character" should be attributed to the leading direction of Soviet literature - socialist realism. In the story, the conflict between Yegor Dremov and his family is far-fetched, because it exists only in the head of the modest protagonist, but in fact, the characters in the story are each better and nobler than the other. The instructiveness of the "Russian character" was expressed in the fact that through Ivan Sudarev, who assesses all the characters in the work, the writer teaches: just like Yegor Dremov, a Soviet soldier should behave; exactly as his parents and fiancée should be done by the soldier's relatives. At the end of the story, the author tells the reader how to correctly understand the idea of ​​the work: “Yes, here they are, Russian characters! It seems that a person is simple, but a severe misfortune will come, in big or small, and a great power will rise in him - human beauty. " So, the story about Yegor Dremov ended happily. There could be no other ending, given that all her characters have noble characters. During a terrible war, such a story becomes necessary: ​​it gives hope, saves from despair, and therefore the "Russian character", one might say, reflects the perception of the war era and in this sense becomes a monument to the era.

But conflict-free stories with a happy ending, if they occur in real life, then only as exceptions. How does a soldier and his family usually meet? Remembering the millions of Soviet people who died at the fronts and during the occupation, one can rather expect tragic dates.

Isakovsky's poem "Enemies burned down his native hut" (1945) depicts the return of the victorious soldier to his native ashes: all his relatives died during the German occupation, the long-awaited meeting with relatives turned into a commemoration at his wife's grave.

Another tragic situation is described by MA Sholokhov in the story "The Fate of a Man" (1956). Returning to his hometown after the Nazi captivity. Andrei Sokolov learns that a German bomb hit his house when his wife and two teenage daughters were there. As a result, the beloved relatives of the protagonist do not even have graves - in the place of the house there is a funnel with rusty water.

It is impossible to equate an entire nation with one, even the correct model. A dramatic version of the meeting of a soldier with his family is presented in the story of A.P. Platonov "The Return" (1946). After the victory, Captain Aleksey Alekseevich Ivanov arrives in his hometown, where his wife Lyuba, eleven-year-old son Petrushka and five-year-old daughter Nastya are waiting for him. On the very first evening at dinner, the victorious warrior demands from his wife an account of how she lived without him. The writer does not talk about Ivanov at the front, although his orders and medals testify to military exploits. But the author describes in detail the life of the Ivanov family in the rear: Lyuba worked at a brick factory for all four years of the war, took care of two small children, was constantly worried about her husband at the front and, in order to escape from everyday melancholy, once succumbed to the tenderness of some trade union instructor ... Captain Ivanov cannot forgive his wife for this, although he easily forgives such liberties: he himself, a couple of days ago, on his way home, stayed at a friend of the front-line soldier Masha. The ending of the story about Yegor Dremov is predetermined in advance, given the wonderful Russian characters of all the characters in this story. What will the imperfect Platonic hero do? Outraged and offended by Lyuba's confession, Alexei wants to go to Masha the next morning, but seeing from the window of the carriage his children Petrushka and Nastya running towards the train, he suddenly softens his soul and gets off the train: yesterday he assessed his family circumstances from the point of view of “pride and self-interest, "and now I understood them with a naked heart." There is no teaching in Platonov's story, and the happy ending is explained not by Ivanov's exemplary nobility, but by the feelings of a normal person - love for his family. Therefore, the story "Return" is closer to life than "Russian character": Plato's story shows the real world as complex as it is, and not as correct as it should be, according to the writer A. N. Tolstoy.

Yegor Dryomov is being rescued in the war. He's covered in burns. His face is disfigured. Egor goes to his parents in the guise of a friend of their son. He decides to abandon his beloved and leave his relatives forever, just not to frighten them with his appearance. The letter to the mother, and the confident attitude of the bride, make him change his mind. Thanks to his strong and invincible character, the hero manages to regain the joy of life.

The main idea of ​​the story Russian character of Tolstoy

The Russian character is so strong and invincible that it can withstand all troubles and ailments.

Yegor Dryomov is the simplest and most ordinary tanker. He lives in an ordinary life. Egor is a very handsome guy. He is tall, strong, and has curly hair. Parents take a huge place in the hero's life. He loves and respects them. Yegor has a chosen one. Leaving for the war, he is sure that his beloved will wait for him and accept him in any condition. In the war, Dremov performed a lot of feats and brave deeds, however, he himself did not say a word to anyone about the yute. The war continued and Dremov fought bravely, but a terrible misfortune happened to him.

During the next battle, Yegor's tank was knocked out. He was pulled out in a burning state a minute before the explosion of the tank. His friends were killed. The tanker's burns were so severe and severe that in some places, under the burns and swollen skin, bones could be seen. After the burns, Yegor had to go through numerous plastic surgeries. His face has been completely changed. It's good that at least the poor man's eyesight was preserved. Yegor looked in the mirror for a long time and tried to recognize the stranger looking at him from the mirror. The hero asks to return him to the regiment, but receives an order to remain on vacation for another 20 days.

After resting, he returns home. Egor meets with his parents. He does not want to frighten them with his disfigured appearance. He comes up with the idea of ​​calling himself a friend of their son. Parents warmly welcome him, feed him, give him drink and ask him about his beloved son. The next day, the hero meets his girlfriend - Katya. She immediately joyfully meets him, but, seeing the disfigured face, shies away. Dremov talks about the exploits of her fiance, and he decides to leave her life and forget about her forever.

Returning to the front, Yegor receives a letter from his mother, where she writes about her doubts that the son himself is coming to them. She wrote that she was proud of her son's face and wanted to know the truth. Egor meets with his mother and bride. The mother accepts him, and the bride says that she wants to live only with him all her life.

Picture or drawing Russian character

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