What does new Russian mean? Who are new Russians? "New Russians" as a phenomenon

17.07.2019

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- The concept arising for the designation of the new social layer, which appeared in Russia at the end of the restructuring, against the background of the collapse of the Soviet society and the formation of a market economy. In the most general sense, the concept of "new Russians" absorbs a layer of medium and large entrepreneurs and major management. Distinctive features of new Russians - the presence of a "business" (or highly paid work in a large corporation), high (according to Soviet standards an incredible) income level and specific, Novorusian lifestyle.

For the first time, the phrase "new Russians" appeared in the publication of the Kommersant newspaper in 1992. The prehistory of the concept of "new Russians" is associated with the name of the American journalist Handrick Smith, who wrote in the late 1980s the book with the same name. Translated from English, the concept of "new Russians" was picked up and firmly established in modern Russian. The successful entry of the image of "new Russians" in the domestic culture indicated that this concept was responsible for the needs of society in the designation and awareness of a new important phenomenon that marked the onset of post-Soviet reality.

In the advantage, the phrase "new Russians" refers to a publicistic context. It does not constitute a strict scientific concept. This is a fairly blurred, collective image that carries a significant estimated component. At the same time, the image of "new Russians" was established in domestic culture. Therefore, by giving a tribute to cultural tradition, specialists considering the processes of the formation of entrepreneurship in the post-Soviet Russia (philosophers, sociologists, economists, culturalists, psychologists, political scientists), use the image "new Russians" most often in popular publications.

Two measurements of the described phenomenon differ significantly. "New Russians" as a collective concept, expressing some social, economic and cultural reality (or the phenomenon of "New Russians") and the mythological image of "new Russians", which has developed in Russian society.

Vladimir Pastukhov. New Russians. Evolution of Soviet Nomenclature. Megapolis Express, February 24, 1993
Valentina Fedotova. "New Russians." What's new in them? What is Russian? - Russian Federation, 1994, No. 18
Kratshtan Olga. Portrait of modern elite. - Satellite digest, 1995
Kratshtan Olga. Elite "New Russians" works hard, including over. - Izvestia, August 12, 1995
Boguslavskaya Z. Windows south. Sketch of the portrait of "New Russians". - New World, 1995, № 8
Jokes about new Russians. Minsk, 1998.
Barsukova S. Who are "new Russians"? - Knowledge - Strength, 1998, №1
Cherednichenko T. Russia 1990s: in slogans, ratings, image(current Lexicon Culture History). - New Literary Review, M., 1999
Semenova-Andrievskaya E. Diagnosis: "wife of a new Russian"? - Arguments and facts. Internet version, № 45 (1046), November 8, 2000
Musienko Yu.I. "Stylish" "disassembly" in the interior. - Project Siberia, 2001, No. 11
Kara-Murza S.G. Soviet civilization. Second book. From the Great Victory to this day. M., 2002.
500 jokes about the difficult life of rich people. - Eksmo, M., 2003

Find "New Russians" on

"Stupid Kiss, and smart all fishers" "Who rescued, he ate" (refers to those who know how to risk.)

Russian folk proverbs

Who are these "new Russians"? Usually their appearance is explained
only the features of the shadow economy in Russia. Among
They have two groups: the first is entrepreneurs, actively
employed in financial and economic activities; Second -
Real estate owners who secretly participated in the beginning
le 90s in the privatization of major state
using their team positions in the nomenclature of the former
State system of the USSR. ""

In general, we can say that the most painful and negative transition to the market affected the situation of previously relatively prosperous groups of the population - teachers, cultural figures and scientists. During the reforms, there was a change of leaders and outsiders. Representatives of previously prestigious professions have lost their high (or acceptable) financial situation, and with it the role of leaders. Forward from the shade, previously very modest "techinari", the villages, to which the humanitarian intelligentsia referred to the Humane. It can be said that the situation of the 20s of the 20th century literally repeatedly repeatedly repeatedly repeated: "Who was nothing, he became - to all" .Thow a quick change of roles in society affects the level of social tensions in society, on the severity of the situation perception in previously prosperous groups.

The most interesting and promising is the first group, i.e. Actually entrepreneurs. Usually these energetic people are not older

45 years with high intellectual abilities. They can solve not only professional problems, but also diagnose the situation, quickly and quickly make decisions, to keep a huge amount of information in memory, to make the initiative, risk (Pan or disappeared), to take responsibility not only for money , but also for the fate of employees entrusted to them.

Given that it is necessary to act in fairly uncertain and unstable economic reality, it is these psychological and personal qualities of people who helped them take a leading position in society. They became pioneers not due to hereditary capital, family tradition or parental choice, not thanks to appropriate education or special training, but only by virtue of their personal qualities and conscious choice.

Here is one of typical examples. The wife of "New Russian" is tired of sitting at home and wait for the forever busy husband from work. It ceased to arrange her role of a decorative element in the life of a rich husband. She knew how to sew and engaged in this seriously. But not for yourself, but for sale. It took money from her husband with a promise to return with interest, bought fabrics, drew the models and styles, acquired the equipment, removed the room and hired assistants. A few years later, she became the owner of a large sewing production with a serious clientele, is responsible for fate and earnings 2000 employees - and this is not a joke!

It would seem why she had such troubles? If you are rich, then why not "live for ourselves", arrange a "beautiful life"? The nature, it means that. An example of this woman shows the appearance of a completely new type of people. After all, such enterprising people had to hide from the law and all-seeing OK state, since such activity was regarded as criminal and was punishable. The social role of this group of people is all the more significant, if we take into account the traditional Russian "pofigism", the habit of sitting back, hoping for a miracle, express your discontent with the situation and look for the guilty. All this goes also from conservative syndrome in the Russian archetype (see h. II, ch. 3, § 1 and 2).

So, the separation of a single earlier society occurred not only for objective reasons, but also on psychosocial parameters. The appearance of the layer of entrepreneurs is not yet much appreciated. It is impossible not to be surprised by the speed, with which an entrepreneurial layer appeared in Russia. After all, only 10 years ago everything

they grown together that from all the historical losses of pre-revolutionary Russia, it was the loss of a layer of business and active people irreversible.

Where in the Soviet space, people who know what "collateral law", "stock exchange rate" or "shares" can appear! After all, no one ever taught them. The legislation of the USSR, with which Russia entered the market did not provide for market relations. Business pioneers, violating all laws, moved ahead as an mineral field. It is not surprising that the first cohort of entrepreneurs amounted to people the most foolish, fast and daring, those in the people they say that he "will not give herself to eat", "knows all moves and exits", "Fire and water passed, copper pipes And wolf teeth. " These always respected. In the shortest historical terms, they have established the market infrastructure: engaged in the shuttle business, opened the stores, created exchanges, banks, holdings, began to drive loads across the borders, open advertising and producers, produce stocks and bills, to get rising and rising again. At the beginning, they learned to trade and mediate. Now gradually learn to produce, grow, build and extract.

Of course, in the Russian business from the very beginning there was a criminal component. However, those who have come to a legal economy will no longer want to conflict with the law. Do not underestimate their flexibility, the ability to learn and the desire for respectability. After all, it is dangerous and troublesome to manage the criminal business. This claims to think that in the future the economic situation in Russia cannot not stabilize.

Made little into the past jeepy types of "new Russians", primitive, dreaming about one thing - to take out their capital abroad and "quietly live" somewhere in Cyprus. It must be assumed that the dreams of the latter were already implemented. Their image is spilled in a series of jokes (see chap 1, § 4). But people who in adulthood deliberately chose the way, are undoubtedly the least configured to primitive mealing their wealth. More and more economically responsible people configured to create. Often they call themselves "new" new Russians ". For this group of entrepreneurs, the desire not to climb the eye, demonstrating their wealth and broad gestures, but on the contrary, is a secret donation, for example, in orphanages.

Of course, a group of Russian entrepreneurs, who managed to break through forward? Objectively for

the next 10-12 years first of all won and broke out those who managed to go to the newly emerging enterprises of the private sector. It depended on the profession, age and region of residence. In depressive areas of the country, the probability of going to work in the private sector, of course, was lower than in Moscow, St. Petersburg or in Nizhny Novgorod. It was also a factor as a position: leaders, mainly retained their privileged positions, but the average workers were confused.

Mainly this group consists of a man. Women engaged mainly in the humanitarian spheres of the public sector (doctors, teachers, engineers, scientists, etc.) have suffered more than men. Those who in families at that moment were dependents in the families at that moment were minors children. In short, almost all who remained outside the "market sector" lost.

But besides objective factors, at least when dealing with Russians, they have their meaning and subjective factors that have influenced the dynamics of well-being. For example, the traditional conformist installation of Russian archetype was provided to "be like everyone else". Those who were in the power of this installation and lived on the principle of "do not lead", lost, being on the side of life, and bright, non-standard personalities with the aspirations of the individualist, characteristic of Western societies, broke forward and occupied the leading positions.

So, according to the results of 10 years of reforms, the dynamics of the material situation of Russians is rigidly related to the types of their mentality: each person provided to him used in different ways. A sharp change of leaders and outsiders is not an accident, it depends on the mentality and type of human behavior.

How do Russians belong to rich? The most common stereotype, according to which Russians with suspicion and dislike are wealth, in the mirror of sociological research looks contradictory. On the one hand, the proportion of those who refer to people quickly in the past 10 years as well as everyone else, or with respect and interest - 58% 80. On the other hand, 30% of Russians are just as stably relate to them with suspicion and dislike. It is not even so much envy, how much time is arrogant, desire to demonstrate their success and wealth (all these "tricky" jeeps with toned glasses, huge houses

among the empty fields, etc. things). These are traditionally talking to contempt: "Raven flew to high choirs", "From the mud in the prince" ...

It should be noted that the "American Dream" is not quite popular among Russians - rapidly get rich. In Russian Cinema, you will never see the scene in which the hero (heroine) rises in the bliss of the eye, giving through a bunch of money, raiding them with the rain or in Euphoria is lying on them, as it is shown in Hollywood film strokes.

It is interesting to say the head of the head of Yukos oligarch M. Khodorkovsky (AIF, 2003, No. 5) that he is in the matter of wealth, even with his parents finds a common language with difficulty. Such is the tradition: in Russia for hundreds of years, successful people were not perceived positively. In Siberia, it was still easier (such a historical situation has developed), but in the European part, in his opinion, is just a catastrophe. And the situation will change only with the change of generations when old people go and with the help of new technologies and the Internet will grow and will be brought up a new generation of normal Europeans. People lought up in the former system will never be able to become successful in business or refer to this activity positively. Despite explicit extremism, it seems that in this opinion there is a reasonable grain ...

For 10-12 years, a few percent declined the number of people who were attributed to entrepreneurs such qualities as "indifference to government interests", "Insection in the means", "Ranchildism". But at the same time, the number of people who put in the guilt of the businessmen "ruthless, consumer attitude towards people" increased by 10%.

Maybe there is a hidden reproach? Hidden waiting for help from rich: they say, they are obliged to share, since they took the place at the top and selected this place from the state.

But even those who are satisfied with the income difference and the presence of rich "new Russians", is not entirely indifferent, what is this difference in material terms. There is a border on which the income in earnings oppresses even the most competitive spirit. Studies at the Institute of Psychology argue that the Russian is ready to expire if the income difference between the richest and the most poor will be 5-7 times, but not more. A greater gap is perceived as injustice, people begin to think that the rich is immediately getting their money.

And now, according to the director of the Population Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician Natalia Rimashevskaya, the richest Russians are 14 times richer than the poorest. For comparison: in the US, it is 7-8 times, in Europe - 4 times 93. This data cannot but disturb.

Recall the same way that the method of which the money was earned is very important, it is very important that the person worries, straightened. Equally important is that he spent money, "with the mind," without throwing to the wind, but "for the benefit of society." For example, the engineer agrees with the fact that some academic receives much more of him, but he does not forgive this to the television dictator: what kind of job is to be a "talking head"? Economic difficulty will restore him against a banker who does not produce anything concrete.

The content of the article

New Russians- The concept arising for the designation of the new social layer, which appeared in Russia at the end of the restructuring, against the background of the collapse of the Soviet society and the formation of a market economy. In the most general sense, the concept of "new Russians" absorbs a layer of medium and large entrepreneurs and major management. Distinctive features of new Russians - the presence of a "business" (or highly paid work in a large corporation), high (according to Soviet standards an incredible) income level and specific, Novorusian lifestyle.

"New Russians" as a phenomenon.

Since the "new Russians" is a vague social education, there are differences in determining the boundaries of this phenomenon. Sociologists belong to the "new Russian" and the class of entrepreneurs as a whole, and the business elite of modern Russian society, and the so-called "middle class". The new Russian, as a rule, do not include small business and oligarchs.

"New Russians" appear in the depths of the Latestone Society. The first were the so-called, "shopoviki" or owners of illegal underground industries engaged in the release of scarce products. In the late 1980s, in the time of restructuring, private-recommended activities legalize in the forms of cooperative movement. At the same time (1987-1988), the Centers of the Scientific and Technical Creativity of Youth (CSTNTM), which were the first business structures in the USSR, are created on the basis of metropolitan district schools. The TSTTM was laid on the process of sharing the nomenclature authority to property. The business of the party and Soviet workers, officials, energetic business executives, retired officers of the Soviet Army, KGB and the Ministry of Internal Affairs reached out. In parallel with the flow of immigrants from the nomenclature, representatives of all sectors of society rushed into business. Entrepreneurial engineers, scientists, doctors, teachers, athletes who have abilities to commercial activities, energy reserves and ambiguity opened their own business. The next stream, the forming layer of entrepreneurs, is associated with the criminality. The structures of the OrgPrest took on the functions of the protection and patronage of commercial enterprises (the so-called "loofering") having their significant charges. "Lying", as well as trade in illegal goods and services (weapons, drugs, the elimination of competitors, etc.) became a way to accumulate initial capital, which was translated into the form of legal business.

The community of entrepreneurs in 1992 folded from these social flows began to call "new Russians". Further, as the privatization processes are deployed, the entrepreneurs layer concentrated in their hands most of the Russian Federation. So in 10-12 years in the country there was a new, fairly closed social layer with his own vital philosophy, a system of values, a special subculture. The new social category survived all the formation stages and created his own style and lifestyle, formed tastes, forms of communication, recreation model, etc.

The objective characteristics of the community of entrepreneurs are examined by sociologists. In the former socialist countries, the number of suddenly rich people constituting a special subculture varies from 1 to 5-10% of the population. According to Olga Kryshtanovskaya (head of the sector of the Elert of the Institute of Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences) in the mid-1990s, the middle age of a typical representative of the business elite was 42 years. 78% of them are citizens, 93% have higher education or various degrees. These people are absolute workaholics working at 12 o'clock a day six days a week. Rest is no more than one week a year, 87% of respondents prefer to relax abroad.

The fundamental feature of the formation of "new Russians" was that this sociocultural community arose at his naked place. By the end of the 1980s did not exist (three generations were stopped back) a cultural tradition of Russian entrepreneurship. Both the Soviet ideology and the patriarchal cultural tradition (from which most of the Soviet society grew) were equalized. Individual economic activity was not welcomed, entrepreneurial activity was considered as a criminal offense, and the property bundle of society - as an unconditional social evil.

Special rejection of entrepreneurial values \u200b\u200bwas demonstrated by the Soviet intelligentsia, which reproduced inherited from the nobility the barbarial rejection of the rejected Tityschy Titys. The sixtiest cult of impracticality and aspiration to the world of spiritual values \u200b\u200brejected the "New Russian". The intellectual rejection of entrepreneurs was assessed in the same way that the transition to a market economy led to the impoverishment of a significant part of the Soviet intelligentsia, which lost its position and replenished the "new poor" layer.

Therefore, the subculture of new Russians was formed in rejection and confrontation both traditional and Soviet values. The ratio of the new Russian to the traditional Soviet person found its design in the word "scoop". New Russian - Individualist, firmly standing on Earth, alien ethos of impracticality and other intellectual "problems". Prestigious consumption, demonstrative characteristics of the lifestyle of "New Russian" oppose by Soviet traditions. However, with attentive peasement, the connection of the image of a new Russian with traditional characters is found.

First of all, behind the back of the "New Russian" there is a centuries-old tradition of Russian boss. This is a Russian man in a street (to what kind of class it does not belong), firmly standing on Earth, having a taste for a good life, appreciating welfare, comfort and convenience. In all circumstances, with any authorities, it is equipped with its life, seeks to provide a family, children, the closest relative to everyone and in its basic life aspirations precedes the "New Russian".

On the other hand, the traditional Russian robber, a free Cossack, a gold miner, which makes a noisy delight and the approval of comrades to noisy delight and approval of comrades, caps and customers.

In the "New Russian", the famous character of Russian literature is breaking up - a suddenly rich merchant, who came to the courage from the money kicked on his head, bathing the singers in champagne and the masserement waiters mustard, but, in another minute, willingly sissy to the church and the affairs of charity.

Finally, in the image of the "New Russian" we learn from one of the main characters of the Soviet society. This is the enthusiast "Causes", who disappears at work late and gives him all his strength. The only difference is that the new Russian gives all the forces not "our", but "its" business.

For a sociologist, a new Russian is a sample of the extreme manifestation of individualism, demonstrative behavior in general and demonstrative consumption in particular. New Russians do not manifest their worldview, they stand out with style and lifestyle. When it comes to professional activities, new Russians are more often called businessmen or entrepreneurs. But when the conversation comes on the private sphere - about the material situation and a personal environment - then they become "new Russians."

"New Russians" form a fairly closed environment. Friendly relations with representatives of other sectors of society are not welcome here. A typical "new Russian" communicates with their relatives and other "new Russians", their wives, mistresses and children. The language of new Russians, as well as the language of any other subculture, wears demonstrative characteristics and allows you to quickly and unmistakably allocate "your".

The subculture of "new Russians" is very dynamic, focused on Western consumption standards, easily assimilates any technical innovations and new amenities. In general, the layer of new Russians is focused on Western mass culture and the lifestyle of the middle class of Western countries.

According to the testimony of specialists (psychologists, sexologists), family relations in the medium of new Russians are quite intense. Wives are usually in a dependent material situation and live in a constant competitive struggle, since their husband is attractive for many women. According to the calculations of sociologists in wealthy families, 2.5 times more often than in the whole country, husbands apply physical violence towards their wives (the so-called "domestic violence"). Family problems are associated with the unequal position of spouses, chronic fatigue husband, conducting most of the life at work, constant stress, etc.

Mythological image of "New Russian".

The mythological image of new Russians is formed in the culture of the efforts of the whole society and has been reflected in journalism, modern prose, a boulevard novel, in television series, in the sketches of humorists, in an extensive series of jokes. Analysis of these sources indicates a separation distance between myth and reality.

So, according to sociological studies, the overwhelming majority of entrepreneurs have higher education. Education in this environment is value. New Russians teach their children in prestigious universities. Mythological New Russian appears in the image of a person with a low level of education (three classes) and an insignificant total culture. He teaches a child to the millennium and slang.

In order to stay afloat, the real entrepreneur works for 12 hours. Mythological new Russian spends money, having fun and resting. It does not think as the organizer of the production of any goods or services. The source of income of the new Russian - air. This is a speculation, disappointment of state property, all sorts of pyramids, etc.

The real business will keep by the crime, mastering the legal mechanisms for solving emerging problems and protect their interests. Even criminal, according to its origin, large capital is looking for ways of legalization, seeks respect to respectability. Myth does not distinguish the entrepreneur and the bandit. In the anecdotes "Batock" and the new Russian appear as synonyms, and this indicates to us on the presentation on the Society of the income and the lifestyle of the new Russian.

Sociologists confirm the tendency of "new" to prestigious consumption, but mythological new Russian appears as a consumer of a fantastic, roblaseian scale, in the spirit of Arab Sheikh.

There are two new Russians. One says to another:

- I heard now fashionably keep exotic animals.

- Yes, in kind. I just bought myself an elephant.

I heard bro. Its cool!

- Yes, you understand when he wakes up at five in the morning and goes

on the water, it grows loudly, the neighbors wakes up.

- Well, what they will suffer.

- Yes, neighbors is garbage. He is also their hippos

The image of mythological "new Russian" exists in the package of sustainable associations. "New Russians" is fitness clubs, renovation, rest in Brazil and Jamaica, paid school, house in Spain, estate at the Moscow region, servicehouse, personal driver, Security service, prestigious car (six hundred Mercedes), clubs and casino, young wife - Houses and a young attractive secretary at work, violations of laws, bribes to state officials, a brutal struggle with competitors, shot of a car on a country highway, a luxurious monument in a prestigious cemetery.

Of particular interest are the anecdotes about the new Russian. I must say that anecdotes about New Russian - almost the only and brightest series of jokes that arose in the post-Soviet time. The overall intonation of these jokes is a fantastic, but often benevolent. New Russian appears as a "terrible child", ridiculous and touching, tasteless and soaked. The main property, which determines the sign - the ability and striving prestigiously consume. New Russian knew the power of money and the charm to spend this money. In this sense, he can all:

Caught a new Russian gold fish and tells her:

- What are you needed, fish?

Bikes about new Russians resemble jokes about Vasily Ivanovich Chapaev. The subject in them is one - Russian national character. In other words, the people will know in the new Russian. New Russian is a simple person, as we all, only he was very lucky. Over the collisions of life suddenly rolled the vehicle and frowns the anecdote about new Russians.

Sometimes the situation of collisions of the 600th "Mercedes" with Zaporozhye be played in the bikes. So in the anecdot space, a conflict of a new Russian with a simple person is simulated. It is characteristic that the owner of the Zaporozhets often, unexpectedly, wins. The old man driving the "Zaporozhets" turns out to be the father of the commander of the Special Forces "Berkut". The little man is a storyteller and a joke's listener - trying to conflict with a new social force and is looking for victory, at least in a joke. Exactly also a cunning peasant from Russian fairy tales rejoiled Barin.

Jokes about new Russians - evidence of the most massive, folk development of the phenomenon of the new Russian entrepreneurship, including it into the world of domestic culture.

Results.

As a socio-cultural phenomenon, "New Russians" carry signs and unique-specific, and universal. The specific features of the "new Russians" are given by the peculiarities of Russian culture and the specifics of the transition from state socialism to the market economy. Such a transition occurred in the former Soviet republics, as well as in ex-social, and gave rise to similar processes. Newspapers write about "new Ukrainians", Kazakhs or Bulgarians. You can talk about the universal laws of the formation of a layer of entrepreneurs in society who survived the era of socialism. "New rich" add up from similar social flows. They are characterized by demonstrative characteristics of behavior, creating a special subculture, the closure of this layer, high consumer standards, active, development of the elements of the Western European lifestyle, the inclusion in the global context (frequent business contacts with foreign entrepreneurs, rest abroad, the development of spoken English), expensive education. Universal is also an ambivalent attitude towards the "new" from the rest of society.

In a broader historical perspective, new Russians fit into the endless gallery of economically towering social groups. The birth of "new rich" is a universal phenomenon in world history. Established in ancient Egypt poetic text called Place IpouverRelevant to the era of the invasion of gixos filled with laminations on the comprehensive Egypt of the social coup. The country turned over, like a pottery circle, broadcasts IPUver. The poor became rich, and the people are poor. "Whoever had no boat, became the owner of the courts," the one, "who was not able to make a coffin, became the owner of the tomb, the body of the same tomb owners were thrown into the desert." Such social cataclysms took place in an antique society. Roman satiriki described suddenly rejected freeders. "New Rich" appear in the mature of Middle Ages, and at the dawn of capitalism, and in the era close to us, for example, in England, in the middle of the 20th century. In the modern world, the elevation of "new rich" occurs and beyond the framework of the Socialist Camp disparaged. So the states of Asia and Africa, not so long ago who have received independence, a layer of "new" owners of life is formed in full swing.

The emergence of "new rich" is always fixed by society and causes complex feelings from contemporaries. Ultimately, the historical fate of the rejected depends on which social functions this group of society takes on, what is her responsibilities that it gives society as a whole.

In relation to the culture of the whole society, new Russians perform the function of the group leading in the development of new items of everybody, household technologies, lifestyle models. Such realities of modern life, like a cell phone, a credit card, summer vacation at Antalya resorts, or satellite antenna is first mastered by new Russians, and then gradually become the property of broad masses.

It must be said that the very existence of "new Russians" became a factor, fundamentally changed the mentality and psychology of the whole society. New Russians appeared a visual example of an effective entry into a new economic and social reality. The path proposed by new Russians could be rejected on ethical or cultural considerations, but the fact of their existence cannot be ignored.

In recent years, the concept of "new Russian" sounds less often. In the culture, there is some fatigue from the image of the "New Russian". The seemingly endless series of anecdotes runs out and comes off. Publists turn to other topics. The phenomenon hiding under the image of the "New Russian" lost the brightness of the novelty and gradually passes into the category of developed realities of modern life. The epic epoch, when, it seemed, it was possible to get rich overnight, went into the past. Entrepreneurial environment is changing. There is a formation of mature forms of sociality and culture of the market society. The class of entrepreneurs is cleaned from random people. Yesterday's "New Russians" lose signs of affecting the imagination of the diva, become solid and familiar element of sociocultural landscape.

Igor Grigorievich Yakovenko

the conditional name of individuals (not always Russians by nationality), privatized mainly illegal, property in particularly large sizes. The basis of "new Russians" is criminal oriented oligarchs and corrupt officials.

Excellent definition

Incomplete definition ↓

New Russians

having extended in the 1990s. Determination for the emerging business elite, quasi-class with its specific language, habits, ethics, way to build interpersonal relationships.

The phrase included in everyday life after published on September 7, 1992, in the weekly "Kommersant" of the sociological portrait of his readers belonged to the "leading group of Russian society", "representatives of which are characterized simultaneously high material security, education, new mentality and, as a result, new Stray life. "

The term "New Russians" is borrowed from the American magazine Newsweek (by other data, it was a tracker with the French "Nouveau Russ" - the Nuvorish punish version). However, the "elite" designation of the elite he stayed for a long time: soon he was granted ironic color. "New Russians" on the six hundred "Mercedes", in raspberry double breeding jackets and with gold chains on the neck became the main characters of class jokes of the 1990s. And the term itself has become more refer to representatives of the "new" criminality (in contrast to the "thieves in law").

In the widest understanding of "New Russians", represent a social group that received capital and power does not thanks to their own work and professionalism, but due to the fact that they turned out to be "at the right time in the right place," namely during the collapse of the USSR and in the space of proximity To power, or complete errands. Hence the installation in relation to everything in the world, like the temporarys, for example, to the money - "it is easy to come, easy to leave", total social irresponsibility, waste, ostentatious consumption, cult of good luck, life one day.

The value system of "new Russians" also implies a conviction of permissiveness ("Money everywhere is trying to me the road"), Sibertism, low level of labor ethics, disregard for education, egoism, antipatriotism and high form of class and national intolerance (hidden or frank Russophobia), in There is no connection with that it is obvious that the idea of \u200b\u200b"liberalism and democracy" among this community, "protection of human rights" is only the subject of political demagogy in the name of protecting their narrow-class interests.

The "new Russians" were obstructions all types of values \u200b\u200bthat are achievable by using socially approved funds, including scientific ranks ("Let the points for me work"), military awards ("How much is the medal?"), Charity ( "I am not a charity society here"), honesty ("Who is honest, that sucker"), stubborn work ("only Loch works"). Success is measured by them only by the amount of money and demonstrative luxury, "Ponta".

For "new Russians", religious eclecticism is also characterized, which implies refusal both from any traditional religiosity, and from the Soviet atheism in favor of a bizarre mix of formal Christianity with parsion scientific (bioenergy, torsion fields, etc.) and pararaligiosis worldview (astrology, occultism, journalism) .

The aesthetic addiction of "new Russians" are located in a narrow niche between the area (Pops and Chanson), etc. Glamor (eye luxury, secrecy, party).

As the social group "New Russians" mostly disappeared by the end of the 1990s.

Excellent definition

Incomplete definition ↓

At the same time not possessing a high level of intelligence, culture and, despite their well-being using vocabulary and possessing the manners of social layers, from which they came out.

Etymology

History

In 2000, the term gradually began to leave active use. So V. A. Buryakovskaya in the monograph "Communicative characteristics of the mass culture in the media discourse" 2014 characterizes the expression "new Russians" as "gradually overlooking the use of phrase", finally leaving in history. In general, in the 2010th, the concept of "new Russians" is used as a retro term from the "Lidi 90s" era. .

Attributes of "New Russian" and terminology

Characteristic attributes in the 1990s were considered:

Red or crimson jacket - the distinguishing style of the robes of "steep", his symbol (also a symbol of a beamless), black jeans of a fashion brand, sturdy black shoes. According to the player "What? Where? When? "Andrei Kozlova," New Russians "began to wear raspberry jackets after the emergence of them in this game. According to another version, Sergey Mavrodi became the founder of "Fashion", coming in such a jacket to the TV show. The largest collection of raspberry jackets in Moscow is in Moscow, in a private collection of cultive clothes of the 90s "Real Victim". Collection owner Dmitry Futtikova It was possible to collect more than 150 copies of raspberry jackets. Previously, these things belonged to famous businessmen, politicians, criminal authorities, show business stars and various media characters.
The massive gold chain on the neck ("Gold"), the gold chain of the eye.
Haded golden print-fitting ("Nut"). Usually on several fingers.
Large clock ("boilers") of an expensive brand, preferably gilded and with precious stones.
Thick gold bracelet. [ clarify]
Mercedes-Benz S600 sample machine in the 1991 sample in the body W140 ("Six hundred Merce", "600th Merin", "Suitcase", "Bandit", "Kaban", "Stosoroket"), Jeep Grand Cherokee (Chirik, " Chercan, "Jeep", "Zhep", "Cherokez", "Wide"), Nissan Terrano ("Thianka"), Mitsubishi Pajero ("Supported", pager), Toyota Land Cruiser (Cruzak, "Cukurucher") , Mercedes Geländewagen ("Gelik", "Cube"), Chevrolet Tahoe ("Coffin"), Volvo 940, Mercedes-Benz W124 ("Wolf"), BMW 5 ("Boomer", "Schniter"), Audi 100 (" Selenka »," Cigar "), BMW 7 (" Boomer "), Lincoln Town Car or Lada Samara (" Chisel ").
Mobile phone ("Pipe", "Mobile", "Cellik"), who was considered the subject of luxury and prestige until the end of the 1990s.
Shaved "Hedgehog" head (or only the back) ("repa").
"Uniform": characteristic gestures of hands with bent musings, index and sometimes with thumbs and fit to the center of the palm of the palm and nameless fingers ("Crow", "Multiprovka", "Finger Fan", "Patzanskaya goat").
Fallen hair back.
Leather Jacket
Leather black shoes
The use of a specific jargon (the words "type", "in nature", "purely", "specifically", "in any way", etc.). Bloom Fenia.
"Cabbage" is a lot of cash in US dollars, or money in general ("grandmothers", "loot", "greens", "LAVE").

With the concept of "New Russian" words are closely related:

"Roof" - ensuring business protection, including illegal, on the part of law enforcement or criminal structures ("roofs") for remuneration on an ongoing basis.
"Brutat" ("Brothers", "Brother", "Brotherla") - immigrants from the criminal environment used by force and criminal methods to resolve emerging conflicts.
"Throw" - skillfully fool, "dilute" for money.
"Arrow" - a meeting to solve some conflict, sometimes armed through.
"Throw" - talk, fight or even arrange a shootout.

"New Russians" in mass culture

Picnic in new Russians:
One says to another:
- Vovov, go, ruffle a fire.
He approaches the fire, sits down
squatting and says:
- Well, what a fire, you got!

"New Russians" have become a stamp, heroes of many jokes, their types were repeatedly played in various films, performances and transmissions. The archetype himself was repeatedly transferred to other spheres and phenomena of life (see "New Russian grandmas"). Also in 1996, the character "Vovan Sidorovich Shcherbati" appeared in the Gentleman-Show program, performed by the Ukrainian actor Oleg St School. In the program "Town", jokes about "new Russians" were often staged, even a whole release was "new Russians of our town." Monologists, the main characters of which were "new Russians", were performed by Evgeny Petrosyan, Mikhail Zadornov, Vladimir Vinokur and other artists.

The image of the "new Russians" is to a certain extent beaten in the television series "Brigade", as well as in the film "Zhmurki" and the series "Gangster Petersburg".

Notes

Kostomarov V. G. Language Taste of the Epoch. From observations of speech practice by mass media. Archived on May 5, 2014. - 3rd ed., Act. and add. - St. Petersburg: Zlatoust, 1999. - 319 C - ISBN 978-5-86547-070-0. - (language and time. Vol. 1).