Borodin was the author of a symphonic musical picture. Alexander Borodin

Alexander Borodin. Bogatyr Russian music

Borodin was a unique talented composer and an outstanding scientist. Its not such an extensive musical heritage, however, puts it in one row with the greatest Russian composers.

Biography

Alexander Borodin was born in St. Petersburg in 1833 from the extramarital connection of the Georgian Prince Luke Stepanovich and Evdokia Antonova. To hide the origin of the boy, he was recorded by the son of the fortress servant of Prince - Porphyria Borodin. Alexander was brought up by her mother, but his nephew was represented in society.

As a child, the boy learned three foreign languages \u200b\u200b- French, German and English.

In 1850, Borodin entered the Medical and Surgery Academy, but, studying medicine, continued to engage in chemistry, which became the matter of his life.

In 1858, Borodin received the title of Doctor Science and went abroad for three years - to German Heidelberg, and then to Italy and France. In Heidelberg, Borodin met with the talented Russian pianist Catherine Protopopova, on which he later married. In 1869, they adopted a 7-year-old girl.

During the next two decades, Career Borodin in the Academy developed brilliantly: in 1864, he became a professor, and in 1872 he played an important role in the founding of female medical courses.

Distremely engaged in science, Borodin at the same time did not leave music, although he believed her just his hobby. And, despite the fact that Borodin was really a successful scientist, it was Music did an immemor name.

Upon returning to Russia in the life of Borodin, there were big changes, thanks to the acquaintance with Mile Balakirev and his circle, which also included composers Modest Mussorgsky, Caesar Kyui and Nikolai Roman-Korsakov. Borodin also became a member of this mug, known as the "mighty hand". Composers of the "Mighty Cup" were seen as the development of Russian national music.

The main works of Borodin are three symphonies, two string quartets, a symphonic picture, 16 romances and songs and several writings for piano - not such a scarce heritage for the composer who wrote from time to time. And besides, all these works are excellent samples of classical music.

However, about 18 years old, all the thoughts of Borodin as the composer were associated with the main work of his life - the brilliant opera "Prince Igor", which was never completed.

Talk that ...
Sister M. I. Glinka L. I. Shestakova recalled: "He loved his chemistry most, and when I wanted to speed up the end of his musical things, I asked him to do it seriously; He asked instead of an answer: "Did you see on the foundry, near Nevsky, a toy store, on the sign of which it is written:" Fun and it's? " On my comment: "What is it?" "He answered:" But you see, for me, music is fun, and chemistry is a matter. "
Friends of Borodin were very concerned that in the work on the opera "Prince Igor" a break came again. Roman Korsakov came and spoke to the composer that "Igor" must be finished by anything.
"You, Alexander Porfiryevich, are engaged in trivia, which in different charitable societies can make any face, and you can finish" Igor "only one.

The Great Composer and Scientist died during the Carnival evening 15 (February 27) of 1887. He was only 53 years old. He was buried at the cemetery of Alexander Nevsky Lavra next to his friends: Mussorgsky, Dargomyzhsky, Serov.

"Prince Igor" finished Roman Korsakov and Glazunov, and the premiere took place on the stage of the Mariinsky Theater in 1890.

Music Music from this Opera has gained popularity abroad, when the Kismet musical was put on Broadway, which used fragments of the work of the Great Russian composer.

Sounds of music

"Prince Igor"

The plot for the opera suggested the composer V. Stasov, he also sketched the first version of the libretto, based on the work of the ancient Russian literature "Word about Igor's regiment". In the "Word" described about the unsuccessful campaign of brave prince Igor vs. Polovtsev - nomadic eastern tribes. The plot came to the composer in the shower. However, he was forced to constantly disappear from the creation of the opera in favor of scientific activities, so work on the work was stretched for years. The composer himself wrote a libretto, and wishing, as best to recreate the era, pre-examined the monuments of the ancient Russian literature, as well as the works of scientists who had any attitude to the story chosen.

Despite the fact that composers of the "mighty bunch" were full of enthusiasm relative to the "Prince Igor", Borodin suddenly completely cooled to the opera and did not touch her for a long time, ignoring his friends. Instead, he began for the second symphony, which he also composed with urabs, in between his scientific activities. Ironically, the person who convinced the composer again to begin for the forgotten opera, became a friend of Borodin - a young doctor of Schonorov, and at all composers "mighty bunch". For example, N. Rimsky-Korsakov repeatedly tried to push Borodin to completion. But to no avail. He called for the composer to return to the orchestration of Polovtsy dance, literally stood over him, while he worked with a pencil score (to speed up the process), and covered it with a thin layer of gelatin, so that the music strings were not erased.

As Borodin did not have time to complete the opera, composers of glazunov and Roman korsakov were completed. The premiere took place in 1890. Glazunov in memory restored an overture, which heard more than once performed by the author. This opera, albeit unfinished, has become an exceptional musical product based on a large-scale plot, telling about both fierce struggle, and sincere love.

The action begins in the ancient Russian city of Putivle, where Prince Igor, leaving his wife, together with his son and a friend going to campaign on Polovtsy led by Khan Konchaka. Against the background of military events, the plot is complicated by the love relations between the son of Igor, Prince Vladimir, and the daughter of Khan - Konchakovaya.

Overture begins in a pensive mood, which blooms by violent rebellious paints, anticipating contrasting paintings and events unfolding in Opera. Together with the sounds of military appeals, this sounds and spicy oriental topics are sounded here, associated with the image of Khan Konchaka, and the expressive lyrical ringtone of strings reflects the mental experiences of a loving heart, woven into a music canvas.

Polovtsy dances sound at the moment when the operation of the opera is transferred to the Polovtsy Stan. Where in captivity, the Khan Konchaka languages \u200b\u200bPrince Igor with her son.

Surprisingly, Khan handles the prisoners hospitably. He is even ready to let go of Igor, if he gives the word not to raise a sword against Polovtsy. However, Igor boldly declares that, having gained freedom, he will again gather his shelves on Khan. To dispel the gloomy Duma of the prince, Konchak makes slaughters sing and dance. First, their song, full of sadness and gentle charm, is heard, but the wild mitchard dance of men is replaced here. Powerful drum sounds explode, as if the storm, starting a frantic dance: everyone glorified the valor and the power of the Khan. Following that we are as if hearing the hopot hoofs - Dichy riders will jump on horseback - this rabid rhythm is again inferior to the tender ringtone of the small girls, until finally breaks with the new force of an unbridled dance. Previous topics replace each other, accelerating the pace, preceding the grandiose, violent, unbridled and militant finals.

String Quartet number 2

Cashier, Borodin wrote music mainly for modest chamber ensembles. In the middle of the creative path, Borodin will return to his favorite form - the string quartet number 2 will be created in 1881.

Despite the mood of light sadness, penetrating the whole work (the quartet is written immediately after the death of his friend - M. P. Mussorgsky), it is dedicated to his beloved wife. The 3rd part (sounds in the arrangement for the string orchestra) opens with a delicate expressive melody of cello supported by a delicate accompaniment. Then the melody picked up by other instruments and, developing, brings us to 3 parts, more agitated. Soon the lyrical melody will sound again, returning a thoughtful mood, in which the last sighs of strings subsidize.

Symphony number 2 "Bogatyr"

The dawn of the creative forces of Borodin is associated with the composition of the second "Bogatyr" Symphony and the opera "Prince Igor". Both works were created in the same years, so they are strongly connected with each other in content and musical warehouse.

The second symphony - his greatest work Borodin created for 7 years.

According to Stasov's testimony, which called the symphony of "Bogatyrskaya", Borodin represented in the third, slow part The image of the button accordion, in the first - the image of Russian warns, and in the final - the scene of the deprivable Russian pyr.

The first musical motive of symphony, decisive and persistent, from which the music grows up the entire 1st part, creates a mighty image of Russian warns.

The lyric-epic character is most brightly embodied in the third part - leisurely Andante. It is perceived as the narrative of the folk careman of the accordion about the glorious root exploits of Russian warriors and the ancient princes. The solo song of the clarinet on the background of soft chord overflows of the harp reminds the sound of the hussley. Accompanying a calm speech of the singer.

Great historical meaning of the second symphony. She became the first sample of epic simphonism, which, along with genre-painting and lyrical dramatic, became one of the types in Russian symphonic music.

Read more about Borodin

Borodin loved chamber music, unlike some members of the "mighty bunch", regarding her as Western, academic genre. However, in his youth, Borodin wrote the piano quartet of La Minor, to the creation of which Mendelssohn and Schumann inspired him. Later in this genre, he will write two more beautiful string quartets.

The romances and songs of Borodin are very expressive. "Sleeping Princess" immerses us in the mood of rest and thoughtfulness, so favorite Raveme, Debussy and Stravinsky. In the "Marine Tsarevna" sounds the call of the legendary Lorelei, gently lubricating the traveler in the bunch of waters. The "Dark Forest Song" is a real epic picture.

In addition to the symphony of Borodin, there is another orchestral product, which is distinguished by outstanding skill - a symphonic picture "In Central Asia". It is written by Borodin on the occasion of the 25th anniversary of the reign of Emperor Alexander II. This work brought European fame Borodin. He never used Russian folk songs in his works, but their melody shaped the features of his own style.

Check your knowledge

At what instrument Borodin learned to play in childhood?

1. Piano
2. Violin
3. The flute

What profession began to study Borodin in 1850 in St. Petersburg?

1. Composer
2. Violinist

Who was Borodin in the profession?

1. Doctor
2. Surgeon
3. Scientist

Who was the wife of Borodin by profession?

1. Pianist
2. Teacher
3. Chemist

Who suggested Borodin plot for the opera "Prince Igor"?

1. Stasov
2. Gogol.
3. Pushkin

What works did Borodin work with the opera "Prince Igor" at the same time?

1. String Quartet number 2
2. Symphony number 2.
3. Symphony number 3.

To Borodin dedicated his string quartet number 2

1. His wife
2. M. P. Mussorgsky
3. Caesar Cui

To whom Borodin dedicated a symphony picture "In Central Asia?

1. Nikolai I.
2. Alexander II.
3. Alexander I.

Which of the composers-contemporaries Borodina contributed to the development of Russian music?

1. M. P. Mussorgsky
2. M. A. Balakirev
3. A. K. Glazunov

Which collapse belonged to Borodin?

1. "French Sixer"
2. "Mighty hand"
3. "Free artists"

What is the name of the most famous opera Borodin?

1. "Prince Igor"
2. "Prince Oleg"
3. "Princess Yaroslavna"

What character is the second symphony?

1. Lyroe
2. Dramatic
3. Epic

Presentation

Included:
1. Presentation, PPSX;
2. Music sounds:
Borodin. "Polovtsy dances" from the opera "Prince Igor" (fragment), mp3;
Borodin. Overture from the opera "Prince Igor", mp3;
Borodin. Symphony number 2:
I h. Allegro (fragment), MP3;
III h. Andante (fragment), mp3;
Borodin. Quartet number 2. III h. Andante, Mp3;
3. Accompanying article, DOCX.

Borodin Alexander Porfiryevich

Date of Life: 10/31/1833 - 02/15/1887
Place of birth: St. Petersburg

A.P. Borodin is a Russian composer, a chemist scientist and medic. The founder of Russian epic simphonism.

Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin was born in St. Petersburg on October 31, 1833. From the extramarital connection of the 62-year-old Prince Luke Stepanovich Gedianov and 25-year-old Avdoti Konstantinovna Antonova and at birth was recorded by the son of a fortress servant of Prince - Porphyry Ionovich Borodin and his wife Tatyana Grigorievna. In the first half of the XIX century, the extramarital connections did not advertise, so the names of the parents were hidden and the boy was represented as the nephew of Avdoti Konstantinovna.

Education.

At 9, Borodin wrote his first work - Polka "Helen". He studied playing musical instruments - first on flute and piano, and from 13 years old - on cello. At the same time, created the first serious musical work - a concert for a flute with piano. At the age of 10, he was interested in chemistry, which over the years from the passion turned into a matter of his life.

Medicine and chemistry.

Fit in the first St. Petersburg gymnasium, in September 1850, the seventeen-year-old "merchant" Alexander Borodin entered the Volo pilot to the St. Petersburg Medical and Surgery Academy, which he graduated from December 1856. Studying medicine, Borodin continued to engage in chemistry under the direction of N.N. Zinina.

In 1858, Borodin received a doctor of medicine. Since 1859, Alexander Borodin has improved his knowledge in the field of chemistry abroad - originally in Germany. In September 1860, Borodin, along with Zinin and Mendeleev, participated in the international schools of Greaching Chemists in Karlsruhe. In 1862 he received the post of Adjunct Professor of the Medical and Surgical Academy. From 1883 - the honorary member of the society of Russian doctors.

Musical creativity.

A.P. Borodin in 1862 met with composer Mileu Balakirev and entered his circle "Mighty hand". Borodin was also an active participant in the Belyaev mug. The creative heritage of Borodin, which combined scientific and teaching activities with the service of art, relatively small in terms of volume, but made the most valuable contribution to the treasury of Russian music classics.

The Most Significant Work of Borodin is recognized by the Opera "Prince Igor", over which he worked for 18 years, but the opera was never over: after the death of Borodin, Opera completed and made an orchestration based on Borodin's materials Composers N.A. Roman Korsakov and A.K. Glazunov.
A. P. Borodin - one of the founders of the classical genres of Symphony and the Quartet in Russia. The first chamber instrumental works belong to the first and second quartet represented by music connoisseurs in 1879 and in 1881. In recent years, Borodin has worked on the third quartet.

In memory of the outstanding scientific and composer were called:

State Quartet named after A.P. Borodin
- Symphony Orchestra of the Central House of Scientists of the Russian Academy of Sciences. A. P. Borodina, Moscow
- Sanatorium named after A. P. Borodin in Soligalich Kostroma region
- Airbus A319 aircraft (VP-BDM number) Aeroflot airlines

The future behind the program symphonism of Glinkinsky or Berliosovsky type, the classic four-part cycle is hopelessly outdated - all composers of the "mighty bunch" stood at such a position, but only not Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin. It even allowed Vladimir Stasov to express regret that he does not want to accept the "side of indigenous innovators." With all due respect to Stasov, it should be recognized that in this case he was wrong - Borodin in the field of Simphonism was a novient not to a lesser extent than or. He did what he did not - created a Russian classical symphony, and very peculiar.

The top of the symphonic creativity of Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin is Symphony No. 2. The idea arose in 1869, but, as always, numerous duties left a little time for the writing, and only in 1870 the composer showed friends the first part. He proposed to call the symphony of "Slavic heroic", but approved the title proposed by Vladimir Stasov - "Bogatirskaya".

The composer worked in parallel over the symphony and above the opera "", and therefore it does not cause surprise the proximity of their intonational and figurative system. Moreover, sometimes the musical material created for one work was then entered into another - for example, the topic with which symphony begins, Borodin originally intended for Polovtsy Chora in "".

The first part is Sonata Allegro - embodies heroic images. The main part is consigned from two elements - a powerful, "monolithic" unison and a lively naigry. This somewhat resembles the Igor dialogue with a friend in the opera prologue. The side-party conducted by Cello, is close to Russian dance songs. Such a comparison of the Bogatyr and lyrical began can be compared with images of Igor and Yaroslavn. The intonation relationship of two topics allows you to bring them closer in the development. Democracy gives it organions and sequential development. In reprise, the main party - thanks to the chordistic texture - it becomes even more powerful, side - even softer. In the code, the initial element of the main party is increasing.

The second part is "Bogatyr Games" - a rapid scherzo in a three-part form, the extreme sections of which have a setonal form without developing. Energetic, the sharp major batch follows the side with its chromatysis and syncopes. These oriental features are still explicitly manifested in Trio, forcing me to remember the Polovytsky scenes "". Nevertheless, the eastern features of the trio theme do not interfere with its intonation relationship with the side part of the first part - the principle of integrity and unity is characteristic of the epic simphonism.

The third is a slow part - also has a setonal form. The main party with her own change and trichorod speakers resembles the epic tunes. The image of the narrator is complemented by the harp, imitating the husli. A side party has greater excitedness. Dramatic is enhanced in the development where the elements of those acquire a formidable sound, recalling now the main batch from the first part. In reprise, both themes pass in one tonality - the contrast disappears, giving way to the synthesis.

The final is also in a sonate form - without a break follows the third part. And accession, and the main parties have the character of the dance of the napless. There are similar features and side, but cantiness brings it closer with dangling songs. Variation of theme - a tonal, orchestral, harmonic - begins in the exposition and continues in development and ultimately leads to their synthesis.

Above Symphony No. 2 Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin worked for several years. It was completed in 1876, and a year later performed in St. Petersburg under the direction of Edward direction.

Music seasons

Aleksandr Porfiryevich Borodin / Alexander Borodin
"Sleeping Princess"; 2 Polki. (Helen)

Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin (October 31 (November 12) 1833, St. Petersburg - 15 (27) of February 1887, ibid) - Russian composer, scientist - chemist and medic. Member of the "mighty bunch". The founder of Russian epic simphonism

Story
Dedicated to Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov

Sleep. Sleeps in the forest deaf,
Sleeps princess magic sleep,
Sleeps under the blood of the dark night,
Sleep sought her hard eyes.
Sleeps, sleeps.

Here and the forest is deaf woken up,
With wild laugh suddenly woke up
Witches and led noisy swarm
And rushed over Prince.

Only princess in the forest is deaf
He sleeps all the same dead sleep.
Sleeps, sleeps.

Rumor passed that the forest is dense
Bogatyr will come mighty
Chairs by force crushes,
Sleep Magic Win
And the princess will free, free.

But there are days in the day,
Years go over the years ...
Nor soul live circle
Everything is an all-dead dream.

So printed in the forest is deaf
Quietly sleeps deep sleep;
Sleep sought her hard eyes,
She sleeps and days, and nights.
Sleeps, sleeps.

And no one knows, soon
An hour will hit the awakening.

A.P. Borodin, 1867.

One day, Little Ghana Litvinenko asked him to play four hands with her.

"But let me," he said, "you can't play anything, baby."

- Yes, there is no, look, I can play here.

And she played in one finger of each hand the simplest motive, the fact that the children called "cutlet poll".

Lifeling to the child's desire, Alexander Porfiryevich simpeted peculiar, fun polka on this motive. He showed her buddies to Roman Corsakov and Lyadov. They laughed a lot and also tried to write variations on this unchanged topic. Joined their check and Cui. In the end, they turned out 24 variations and 14 small piases for the piano, which were published under the name "paraphrase".

"Paraphrase" really liked the sheet. Someone wrote about it in the musical fellow. This is where the real storm rose in the glass of water. Hostile Russian music school critics were delighted by the case to attack Borodin and his comrades. They stated that the sheet could not approve such an essay, which only compromises its authors. Having learned about this, the list wrote Borodin: "Let me compromise me together with you." And he added his introduction to Polka ...

So Borodin, despite all his affairs and care, could remain a cheerful and cheerful man and be the good father of his "numerous receptions of daughter."

Where did he scream for strength!

The musical joke, written on the unchangeable theme of the so-called "pittal polka" (A.P. Borodin), or, as it was also called in the Balakirevsky circle, - "Ta-Ti-Ta", was dedicated to small pianists, able to play the topic one finger of each hand. In the final version of "paraphrase" consisted of 24 variations and 15 small pieces. On the topic that any child could play with one finger, composers with wonderful ingenuity and genuine humor wrote a whole series of dances (wals, menuets, polika, hairs, jigs, tarantellas), as well as "lullaby song", "sober" and several other plays . The whole cycle ends with a festive "solemn procession" of Lyadov. Kyu in this essay belongs to "Waltz", which, according to Stasov, "sparkles as champagne, and fascinates its passion."
"Paraphrase" turned out so successful and original that they immediately attracted the attention of the sheet as soon as he met this music. Turning to the letter of June 15, 1879 to the authors of the cycle, the leaf wrote: "In the form of a joke, you created a work of huge dignity. I was fascinated by your "paraphrases" ... Finally, a wonderful arch of science, harmony, counterpoint, rhythm, figurative style, and the fact that in German is called "Formenlehre" - teaching about the form. I willingly offer professors of the composition of the conservatories of Europe and America to take your "paraphrases" as a practical guidance in their teaching. Already on the first page of variations II and III - real jewels; the following numbers are not less valuable, to "comic fugue" and "processions", Which with glory crowned the work. Thank you, gentlemen, for the pleasure delivered to me ... "ending my letter, the leaf stressed:" My sympathies and deep respect, which I feed to you, last for many years. "
The sheet so much had to do this work that he sent his little variation on the same topic that entered the cycle and was published in facsimile reproduction.

Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin (1833 - 1887) - Russian composer and chemical scientist.

The extramarital son of Prince Luke Stepanovich Gedianova, at birth, recorded as the son of the serf servor of the prince - Porfiriya Borodin.

At 9 years old wrote the first product - Polka "Helen". He studied playing Flute, Piano, Cello. Composer art has compiled independently. In the ten-year-old age, he was interested in chemistry, which later turned into the work of his life. He graduated from the Medical and Surgery Academy. Studying medicine, Alexander Borodin began to engage in chemistry under the leadership of Nikolai Nikolayevich Zinin.

All this time, Borodin did not leave music, wrote romances, piano plays, chamber instrumental ensembles. Musical hobbies of Borodin caused discontent of his supervisor, who considered it interferes with serious scientific work. For this reason, Borodin was forced to hide his composer experiences for some time.

Throughout his life, music and chemistry is alternately, they simultaneously presented their rights to him. That is why the creative heritage of the composer Borodin is small in volume. The most famous writings are the opera "Prince Igor" according to the "Word about the regiment of Igor" and the 2nd "Bogatyr" symphony.

In the 1860s, he became a member of the "mighty bunch", where Meliya Balakirev, Caesar Kyui, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, Modest Mussorgsky. Over the "Prince Igor", Alexander Borodin worked for 18 years, but the opera was never finished. Already after the death of the composer, Opera completed and made it orchestration based on the materials of Borodin composers Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov and Alexander Glazunov.

Characteristic features of Borodin's creativity - nationality, national character, monumentality, epic power, emotional Russian full-range and optimism, the color of the harmonic language.

Borodin died suddenly at the 53rd year of life, during the conversation, in his apartment.

He became one of the most famous and popular Russian composers in Europe of the late XIX-early XX centuries. "Prince Igor" and "Bogatyrskaya" Symphony to this day are repertory works of leading world theaters and orchestras.

Among the works of Borodin, three symphonies, a musical picture "In Central Asia", chamber-instrumental ensembles, romances.

Symphony number 2 SI Minor "Bogatyr" - rightly considered one of the best works in Russian symphonic music. With a light hand, the criticism of Stasova Symphony began to be called "Bogatyr". And, perhaps, this is a rare case in musical art when the name perfectly corresponds to the compound content. Symphony was written by the composer in those years (1869 - 1876), when he worked on the opera "Prince Igor". Some materials intended first for the opera were used in Symphony. As a result, the symphony was very close to "Prince Igor" and in spirit, and on the melody.