Biography of Rubens. Baroque painting style in Rubens

Rubens (Ruubens) Peter Powel (1577-1640), Flemish painter.

Born on June 28, 1577 in Siegen (Germany) in the family of a lawyer - an emigrant from Flanders. In 1579, the family moved to Cologne; There was a childhood of Rubens.

After the death of the Father in 1587, the mother with children moved to Antwerp. Rubens studied at the School of Rhobut Verdonka, then it was determined in a fragment for the Countess Margarita de Lin. At the same time, Peter Pawell took drawing lessons from Tobias Verchaht artists, Adam Van Norta and Otto Van Veen.

When Rubens turned 21 years old, he was taken by the master in the Holy Luke Guild - the Antwerp Association of Artists and Artists. At this time, Rubens participates in the design of the residence of new rulers of the Netherlands - Ersgertzoga Alberta and Ertzgerini Isabella.

In May 1600, the artist went to Italy, where he entered the service for the Duke of Mantuan Vincenzo Gonzag. In March 1603, the duke sent him with the embassy to Spain. Rubens Vez Spanish royal family gifts, including several pictures of Italian masters. He enhanced them with her canvas. Rubens's work was honored with high marks in Madrid, and it was in Spain for the first time he became famous as a painter. After returning from the trip, Rubens, eight years traveled in Italy - took advantage of Florence, Genoa, Pisa, Parma, Venice, Milan, lived in Rome for a long time.

In the fall of 1606, the artist received one of the most tempting orders - the painting of the main altar of the Church of Santa Maria in Wallecell.

In 1608, Mother died, and Rubens went home. He received the position of the court painter in Brussels at Infanta Isabella and Ersgertzog Alberta.

In 1609, Rubens was married with 18-year-old Isabella Brandt, the daughter of the secretary of the city regency. The artist bought a mansion on Watter Street, which now carries his name. In honor of the marriage of Rubens wrote a double portrait: They with a young wife, taking each other by hands, sit against the background of a sprawling bush of the honeysuckle. At the same time, the artist creates a huge cloth of "worship of the Magi" for the City Hall in Antwerp.

In 1613, Rubens commissioned Alberta "Ascension of Our Lady" for the Church of Notre Dame de la Chapel in Brussels. An extraordinary success was his painting of the Altar of the Antwerp Cathedral: "Removing from the Cross" (center), "Kara of the Lord" (left), "presentation in the temple" (right) (1611-1614). Rubens brushes belong to the "Hunting for Lviv" canvas, "Battle of Greeks with Amazons" (both 1616-1618); "Perseus and Andromeda", "Abduction of the daughters of Levkippa" (1620-1625); Cycle of paintings "History of Mary Medici" (1622-1625).

In the late work of the painter, the central place occupies the image of his second wife Elena Furmen, which he portrays in mythological and biblical compositions ("Versavia", about 1635), as well as portraits ("Shubka", about 1638-1640).

The feeling of cheerfulness and fun is embodied in scenes from folk life (Kermesa, about 1635-1636). By the 30th. The most of the best landscapes of Rubens ("Landscape with Rainbow", about 1632-1635).

Rubens artistic legacy is unbesting. Hundreds and hundreds of works are mythological and religious compositions, portraits, landscapes, small sketches and huge decorative canvases, drawings and architectural projects - all this would not have enough for one human biography.

Peter Paul Rubens, path in painting

The work of the Flemish Master seems to be a grand book telling about the beauty of a person, the power of the power and the greatness of nature. The art of Rubens is a song of health and joy.

The great painter was born on a foreign land, in the German city of Siegen, where his parents emigrated, fleeing from the terror of Spanish enslavers. When after the death of the Father in 1587, the future artist, together with his mother, moved to Antwerp, he found this rich city in complete launch. Flanders, the remaining, unlike Holland, near Spanish dominion, slowly restored his strength. The dependent position of the country contributed to the stormy raising of the national identity. But in the years of the teachings of Rubens, Flemish art also just sought to find the soil under their feet.

The twenty-five-year-old artist commits a decisive step - he is going to Italy for a long time, Leonardo, Rafael, Michelangelo, Titian, Caravaggio are becoming his real teachers, he studies their work, copies the paintings, makes sketches of sculptures, since that time the secular career of Rubens begins. We see him at the courtyard of the Duke Mantu, then in Rome. In 1603, he commits the first trip to Spain.

Returning in 1608 to his homeland, Rubens quickly occupies a leading position in the russian life of the country. His authority is continued. In the workshop of Rubens (where the training, in particular, Yordan and Van Deken) are made hundreds of huge canvas on the order of the yard, nobility and churches. But Rubens is still time and in order to fulfill the diplomatic orders of Spanish governors: Rides in Holland, France, England. In Spain in 1628, he meets young Velasquez.

Place in history

Rubens spent a lot of energy for the establishment of peace between constantly hostile European powers. Frustrated, he was forced and the end to part with a political footprint. But it gave the artist knowledge of people and their weaknesses; Rubens "hated yards."

The modern viewer may, perhaps, to crawl the pompous canvases of Rubens dedicated to the exaltation of the sovereigns. Etienne Fromanten, the author of the book "Old Masters", liked their solemn ODE - it was they who took particular fame during the artist. But for us, the most valuable part of Rubensovsky heritage is the paintings written by him personally, without the participation of the workshop. Art lovers in our country know the work of Rubens in our country: the Hermitage has a rich drawing collection and one of the best collections in the world, which has more than forty paintings. Here, in the Hermitage halls, you can admire the vital energy of the images of the Allegory "Union of Earth and Water", to feel the dramatic expression of the scene "Pier of Simon Pharisay", enjoy the soundness of the colorful palette of Perseus and Andromeda paintings and the emotional Rubens scenery.

It is worth a mansion - not only in the Hermitage Assembly, but also in the work of the artist in general - his small "portrait of the Camericians", one of the greatest masterpieces of world portrait painting. There is no shadow of the affectation in it, everything breathes clear harmony, the colorful system is restrained and noble.

Sooner or later, anyone who is a bit for art will find their way to Rubens. And then, according to Fromanten, in front of him, "a spectacle will appear truly amazing, giving the highest idea of \u200b\u200bhuman abilities."

He did not hesitate the "triumph of flesh", lush forms that decorated his immortal canvas. He portrayed mythological characters bright, juicy, playfully, they had almost earthly creatures that rejoice in life. His work is decorated with our Hermitage, the legendary Louvre, Munich "Old Pinakotek".

Biography Peter Paul Rubens

Italian student

Peter Paul Rubens, Flemandes, which appeared in Germany (it was there that was forced to hide the "Opt" father of the future painter Yang), managed to return to the birthion of the ancestors only in 1587 (in the ten years). Yang Rubens died on a foreign land, Maria came to Antwerp, already being widow with children.

The first drawing lessons Peter took from the Dutch painters, known only to those who studied the Azam great artist. But the in-depth study of the foundations of skill took place from Rubens already in Italy, where high revival flourished. He lived in this solar country as 8 years old, starting from the 1600th. I was pregnant as a court artist at the Duke Gonzago. And he himself absorbed and the luxury of Italian landscapes, and the brilliant techniques of the geniuses of Renaissance.

In Rome, Peter Paul is delighted with the creations of Raphael, and Vinci and Michelangelo, in Venice creates copies from paintings of famous Veronese and Titian. In addition, he fulfills the diplomatic instructions of his patron (he then was the duke of mantu).

Patronage Infanta

Thus, not a green Yurtee returns to his native edges, but the artist took place. It was dominated by Infanta Isabella (ruling then in Flanders) and her husband Albert. It was a period of a truce between the powerful Spain and Holland, so Flanders was recovered from bloody battles. And Spanish Isabella was a good governor, he understood that her goals, favored art representatives, and Rubens became a favorite among them.

The work of that period concern, mainly religious topics. A lot is created by the painter and portraits of the principles of royal blood.

Interestingly, the characters of mythology became on the Flemish canvases with a painful health of beautiful and cheerful people. Catholicism did not welcoming such techniques, but the patronage of the strengths of this world helped Rubens to avoid friction with the church.

The best works of Peter Paul Rubens

Erotism is imbued with the work of "Vakhanalia" and "Abduction of the Daughters of Levkippa".

We have a very famous picture of the "Union of Earth and Water", constructed by many reproductions and copies (the script is stored in St. Petersburg Hermitage).

Dynamic and very colorful "Battle of Amazons" and "Return of Diana with Hunting".

In the famous Museum of St. Petersburg, there is a preferred top of the creativity of Peter Paul Rubens (if you take the antique theme) of the "Perseus and Andromeda" canvas. Great work of art!

The creative scope of the painter and his hardworking struck contemporaries. He worked over portraits and hunting scenes with the same ease with which paintings wrote on religious topics or landscapes. He brought a whole Pharay of the students in his own workshop - they helped him in work, participating in the largest orders.

Such, for example, has become a series of panels for the Queen of France Maria Medici. 21 Pre-negotiated with the scene, the scene had to decorate the Luxembourg Palace. Allegories and antique gods are successfully combined in these works with modern artist costumes and entourage.

In the same 20s of the XVII century, famous portraits are born, including those who are stored in the Hermitage "Camerist Infanta Isabella".

The image of the deceased wife was captured by him in a "self-portrait with Isabella Brant". In 1626, when she died, it seemed, the world collapsed for the master and his two children. He left Antwerp and engaged in secret diplomatic missions for infanta. But I could not without creativity and the last decade of life again devoted only to him.

Back to life

Rural idylls Rubens depicted in the "peasant dance", "Kermes", "Landscape with Rainbow" and "Returning Reapes".

Someone will say that these works resemble the masterpieces of Peter Bruegel. But the author himself would not mind this comparison: he never shy to take the best techniques of his colleagues.

He recently married a friend's daughter, Elena Furman, a girl a lot of younger than the artist (at the time of the marriage of the marriage was only 16). She became a model for him and a muse.

Her features we see in Virsavia and Andromeda, late masterpieces of Flemish.

Elena smiles to us from the "fur coat" cloth, it is one of the "three graces".

Gout prevented Rubens, she gnawed it more and more. At the age of 62 years, the genius did not. He was buried almost with the royal honors.

Peter Paul Rubens (Notherl. Pieter Paul Rubens, MFA: [Pitər "Pʌul" Rybə (n) s]; 28 June 1577, Siegen - May 30, 1640, Antwerp) - Netherlands (Flemish) painter, one of the founders of the Baroque art, diplomat , collector. The creative heritage of Rubens is about 3,000 paintings, a significant part of which was made in collaboration with students and colleagues, the largest of which was Antonis Wang Duck. According to the catalog M. Jaffe, there are 1403 authentic canvases. The extensive correspondence of Rubens is preserved, mainly diplomatic. It was built into the noble dignity of the Spanish king Philipp IV (1624) and granted the English king Karl I (1630) with the inclusion of heraldic lion to the personal coat of arms. With the acquisition in 1635, the castle of Steen in Elevole Rubens received the title of senor.

Creativity Rubens is an organic alloy of the traditions of Breyghelevsky realism with the achievements of the Venetian school. Rubens specialized in religious painting (including altar images), wrote pictures on mythological and allegorical plots, portraits (from this genre he refused in recent years of life), landscapes and historical canvases, also made sketches for a steller and book illustrations. Oil painting technique Rubens was one of the last artists who used wooden panels for machinery work, even very large in size.

Peter Paul Rubens (at the local dialect "Peter Puewel Ryubbens") took place from the honorable Antwerp family of artisans and entrepreneurs, mentioned in documents since 1396. Representatives of the family of his father - Jan Rubens - were tangeries, mosquates and pharmacists, the ancestors of the mother of the mother's papelinks - they were engaged in carpet and trade. Both families were wealthy, owned real estate, but, apparently, they were absolutely not interested in culture and art. Schifi Yana Rubens - Jan Lantmether - held a grocery trade and defined a step at the Faculty of Law of the University of Luvan. In 1550, Jan Rubens moved to the Padan University, and in 1554 - to Roman to the division of civil and canonical law. In 1559, he returned to his homeland and almost immediately married Mary Paepelinks, and in 1562 he rose from the Bourgian class, he was elected Eschevel. The position assumed control over the execution of Spanish legislation. By 1568, Ekchena Rubens did not hide sympathies to Calvinism and took part in the preparation of the Orange Rise. The family by that time was already big: in 1562 the son of Yang Baptist was born, in 1564-1565, the daughter of Blondin and Clara, and in 1567 - the son of Hendrik. Because of the terror of the Duke Alba Rubens moved to the relatives of Mary to Limburg, and in 1569 settled in Cologne.

Yang Rubens continued to fulfill the duties of a lawyer, he did not leave sympathies for Calvinism, which was expressed, in particular, in the fact that he did not go to Messe. The family lived near the residence of Wilhelm Orange, with whose wife - Anna Saxon - Rubens-Sr. entered into close relations, which ended with unwanted pregnancy. In March 1571, Jan Rubens was arrested for illegal communication and held two years in conclusion in Dillenburg, and after the trial was exiled in the small town of Nassau Duchy, Siegen. The spouse followed him, two of her letters were preserved, which, according to V. N. Lazarev, "are wonderful documents of sublime female love and selfless dedication." The family reunited in Trinity Day of 1573, in 1574 the son of Philip was born. It was necessary to live in poverty: Jan Rubens did not have the right to work in the specialty, Maria engaged in gloomy and handed over the rooms in the house provided by relatives. On June 29, 1577, their sixth child was born - Peter Paul. After Anna Saxon died in the same year, the genus Nassau refused to persecute the family of Rubens. In 1581, Rubens were able to return to Cologne, removing a large house on the Sternegass, who was subsequently the residence of Mary Medici. In this house, the seventh child was born - the son of Bartolomeus, who lived for a short time. Yang Rubens repented and returned to the Lono of the Catholic Church, after which he again was able to practice as a lawyer. In addition to his fees, the income of the family still brought the delivery of rooms in Vince.

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Very few artists, even the great, deserve to be honored to be called the founders of a new style in painting. Rubens - an exception. He became the creator of the living and exciting style of an artistic expression, later called Baroque. The unique properties of this letter manner are clearly demonstrated in its early transitional work "Holy George, affecting the dragon" (see below). The woman standing on the left in the frozen pose is extremely detailed, which is characteristic of all the predecessors of Rubens. But the heroic figure of the knight, his horse-up, energetic gestures and bright paints demonstrate a new interest manifested by Rubens to assertive action, movement, emotions. Such pictures such as this, approximately half a century anticipated the widespread use of Baroque style by artists in other European countries.

The bright, lush Rubens style is characterized by the image of large heavy figures in the rapid motion excited to the limit of an emotionally charged atmosphere. Consistent contrasts of light and shadow, warm rich paints seem to endow its paintings by boiler energy. He wrote coarse biblical scenes, rapid, exciting animal hunting, bell-rolling traveling, examples of the highest manifestation of the religious spirit, and all this was done with equal passion to the transfer to the canvas of the highest life drama. One of his greatest fans, the French colorist of the XIX century, Eugene Delakroy, wrote about Rubens: "His main quality, if it preferred to many others, is a shrill spirit, that is, a striking life; Without this, not a single artist can be great ... Titian and Paolo Veronese seem to be terribly humble with him. "

No one has portrayed people and animals in a brutal fight as Rubens did. All of his predecessors thoroughly studied tamed animals and painted them in scenes with people. Such works were usually pursued one goal - to demonstrate the knowledge of the anatomical structure of the animal and was based mainly on biblical or mythological stories. Rubens's imagination fascinated him far beyond the reality of the story, forcing it to create a living world in which people and animals fight each other in the spontaneous struggle. His hunting scenes are characterized by a huge tension: passion is increasing to the limit, excited people and animals fearlessly, with rage pounce on each other. This genre Rubens popularized in the middle of his career of the artist. On the famous painting "Hippopotam" (see below), one of the four ordered by Rubens Duke Bavarian Maximilian for one of its palaces is simply an incredible fight between crocodile, enraged hippopotam, three hounds, three horses and five men. The whole composition of the frame of Rubens masterfully focuses on the figure of the hypopotam. The bending of his back translates the visor to the top. There, in the upper part of the picture, as if fan, there are long horse muzzles, shinking hunters, peaks and swords, which form powerful diagonals, returning the viewer to the center of the canvase, to the center of contractions. Thus, Rubens seeks the diversity of forms in his picture, which, connecting and merging, strengthen the drama playing in front of the viewer, carrying all his attention not to life, but to the death of these animals in the very center of the picture.