Biography of Nikolai Leontovich. Leontovich, Nikolai Dmitrievich

Public figure, teacher.

Nikolay Leontovich Mikola Leontovich
basic information
Full name	Nikolai Dmitrievich Leontovich
Date of Birth	1 (13) December
Place of Birth	Monastic, Monasticomic parish [D], Lipovetsky county, Kiev province, Russian empire
Date of death	January 23(1921-01-23 ) […] (43 years)
Place of death
Country
Professions
Genres	opera
Audio, photo, video on wikisklad

The author of the well-known treatments of Ukrainian folk songs for the Choir "Shhechrik", "Dudarik", "Cossacks are carrying." His processing "Shchedrik" is known worldwide as a Christmas carol "Carol of the Bells".

Biography

At that time, created a lot of choral treatments, in particular the famous "Shchedrik", as well as "pіyut pivnі", "Mala Mati one daughter", "Dudarik", "Oh, Zіyshla Zorya" and others. In Tulchin gets acquainted with the composer Kirill Stetsenko. In 1916, together with the Church of the Kiev University, he performs its processing "Shchedrika", which brought him a great success from the Kiev public.

Creation

The basis of the musical heritage of Leontovich makes choral miniatures - processing Ukrainian folk songs, which are still unsurpassed and are fulfilled by all Ukrainian choirs of Ukraine and the diaspora. These are marked by the big talent of the composer of the pearl of National Melosa "Shchedrich", "Kozak to carry", "Dudarik", "Iz-for Gori Snіzhok flies", "Zemenka-Brenchik", "Gai, Gai, Green Rose" and many others. On the basis of Ukrainian folk melodies, Leontovich created quite original original choral compositions, comprehensively, artistically rethinking them, giving them a unique sound. Leontovich was one of the first among masters of Ukrainian music, which in a new way interpreted folklore, using musical achievements of European musical and choral culture. At the same time, the handwriting of Leontovich is allocated among other limit flexibility and naturalness of the movement of votes, jewelry grinding of parts. Leontovich successfully used the traditions of improvisation in the work of Ukrainian cobrands, which each new stroke of the lyrics was interpreted in a new way. Leontovich applied the timbre variability of people's rhapsodies in its treatments, providing the chip with an opportunity to reveal a huge variety of harmony, counterpoint. Consistently embodying the idea of \u200b\u200bharmonization and polyphonicity, Leontovich, having a deep and versatile musical education, has widely used the best achievements of world choir technology.

The topics of choral miniature composer is extremely diverse. These are ritual, church, historical, chumatki, comic, dance, game songs. One of the central places in the work of Leontovich is occupied by choirs for household topics. This, in particular, "Oh, in the road", "oh, a dark and invisible noise", "Mala Mati one daughter", "Oh, z-for burning Kam'yano". They are characteristic of the dynamic deployment of the plot, active dramatization of events and images. A sample of such a high dramatic lift can serve the folk song "Sitting", in which Leontovich reached the level of tragic ballad.

In the songs-requiem "Kozak to carry", "Iz-for Gori Snіzhok flies", "Death" Leontovich talentedly rethought the melody of popular crying, using the specific sound of individual votes and entire choral groups, applying various choral sound effects, such as singing with a closed mouth .

The highest achievements of the composer are the songs "Shchedrich" and "Dudarik", in which Leontovich reached the maximum rhythmic organization. The "Shchedrian" remained especially popular, in which the techniques of folk polyphony with the achievements of the classical polyphony are organically combined, and each voice plays a completely independent expressive role, reproducing the finest changes in the song, feeding every artistic image at the limiting end.

Memory

• On February 1, 1921, a significant group of cultural workers, professors and students gathered at the Kiev Music and Drama Institute named after Nikolai Lysenko, to celebrate the Christian custom, to celebrate 9 days after the death of Nikolai Leontovich. Quickly, but with great responsibility, a concert was organized from the works of Leontovich, they spoke with the words of regret and grief. At this meeting, the Committee of Memory of Nikolai Leontovich was created, who later took shape as a music society named after N. D. Leontovich. This society included such well-known Ukrainian artists as Boris Lyatoshinsky and Paul Puchina, many of the members of society, such as the Kombas and Gnat Hotkevich, later divided the tragic destiny of Leontovich, killing from the hands of state security bodies of the USSR. The very name of Leontovich was "recognized as irrelevant for the Soviet era," and actually remained such until the mid-1950s [ ] .
• Today, Leontovich's name is Ukrainian musical groups, in particular Kapella Bandurists and educational institutions (in particular, Vinnitsa School of Arts and Culture, Donetsk Music School No. 1, Pokrovskaya Music School, Kharkov School of Arts No. 4).
• The name of Leontovich is named

ukrainian composer, choir conductor, teacher. He worked as a teacher, he taught choral singing in Vinnitsa, Tulchin, Kiev. Created classic samples of Ukrainian choral music. It owns over 200 processing of Ukrainian folk songs (and Chapel), Russian songs, several original choirs. Choral miniatures - an outstanding phenomenon in the field of treatment of a folk song; They are widely performed by professional and amateur groups.

In 1887 Entered Nemirovskaya gymnasium. In 1888, for the lack of funds, the father transferred it to the Shargery primary spiritual school, where the pupils were held in full board. In the school, he mastered singing on notes, and could freely read complex parties in church choral works. In 1892 he entered the Podolsk spiritual seminary in Kamenets-Podolsky, where he studied the theory of music and choral singing, the violin seduced, piano, some brass instruments, began to process folk melodies, taking for a sample processing N. Lysenko . In 1898 he graduated from the spiritual seminary, and decided to work as a teacher in rural schools and at the same time independently improve his musical education. In the village of Chukow, he organized a amateur symphony orchestra, who performed the Ukrainian melodies and plays of Russian and Ukrainian composers. In 1901, he published the first collection of songs with Podolia. In 1903, a second collection of Podolish songs with dedication by N. Lysenko was released.

In the fall of 1904, he left Podolia and moved to the Donbass, where she got a teacher of singing and music at a local railway school. During the revolution of 1905, organized the choir of workers who spoke at rallies. The activity attracted the attention of the police, and he was forced to return to Podolia, in Tulchin, where he taught music and singing in the Tulchinsky Diocesan Women's School for the daughters of rural priests. From 1909 he studied under the guidance of the famous music theorist B. Yavorsky which he periodically visited in Moscow and Kiev. At that time, created many choral treatments, in particular the famous "Shchedrik", as well as "PIUT PIVNI", "Mala Mati one daughter", "Dudarik", "Oh, Zіyshla Zorya" and others. In Tulchin meets the composer K. Stetsenko . In 1916, together with the Church of the Kiev University, he performed his processing "Shchedrika", which brought him a great success from the Kiev public.

With the establishment of the Ukrainian People's Republic, he moved to Kiev, where he began active activity as a conductor and composer. A number of his works included professional and amateur teams of Ukraine in their repertoire. At one of the concerts, a great success had a "legend" N. Voronogoin the processing of the composer. After the arrival of Bolsheviks worked for some time in the music committee at the People's Commissariat of Enlightenment, taught at the music and drama institute. N. Lysenko, together with the composer and conductor G. Rope He worked at the People's Conservatory, at the courses of pre-school education, organized several choral circles.

During the seizure of Kiev on August 31, 1919, Denikins were forced to flee to Tulchin. He founded the first music school in Tulchin. In 1919-1920 He worked on the first large symphonic work - a fantastic opera "For the holiday of mermaids" in the same name, the fairy tale B. Grynchenko . In the autumn of 1920, tulchine took place a tour of the choral chapel under the leadership of K. Stetsenko and P. Tychina as a second conductor. During the concerts of Chapels, the works of the composer were performed. In recent months of life, I finished the opera "For the holiday of mermaids". On the night of January 22nd to January 23, 1921, the composer was located at his father in the village of Markovka, where the agent of the Gaysinskaya county CC A. Grishchenko was killed. The text of the report revealing the name of the agent was made public in the 1990s.

Ukrainian pedagogy in faces - XIX century / edited by A.V. Sukhomlinsky / Tutorial for students of higher educational institutions, in two books / / "Lybid", K., 2005, KN. 1. P. 545 - 551.

Leontovich

Nikolai Dmitrievich

Composer,

Choral conductor

Public figure

Nikolay Dmitrievich Leontovich was born on December 1, 1877 in the village of Selevinti (according to the latest archival data, it was a pretext of the village of Monaskere, who was previously considered the place of birth of the composer) of the Brazlav district of the Nemirovskiy Podolsk province (now Vinnitsa region). He was the firstborn later a large family of a rural priest and teacher. Father, Dmitry Feofanovich Leontovich took place from the family of informants of the Church, but, like his grandfather-great-grandfather, combined the fulfillment of spiritual services with teaching. In the family, Leontovich was brought up for educated and not indifferent to the life and culture of Ukraine people.

Childhood Nikolai Leontovich was held in the village of Horshive Tyvrovsky parish, where the father was transferred to the new place of service in the summer of 1879. It was in the family circle that he joined the musical folklore and Ukrainian song creativity. Father of the future composer played on several string instruments (citre, balalaica, violin, guitar), and the mother knew many songs and sang well. The house often set up musical evenings. Little Kohl not only got used to listen to listening, and afterwards and perform songs, but also chose folk tunes on musical instruments. From an early age, his creative purpose opened: he organized his younger brothers and sisters in the choir and they organized family concerts to numerous relatives and peasants. Thus, even before studying at school, Kolya had some musical training.

Father, Dmitry Feofanovich Leontovich, dreamed of a thorough secular education for the elder son - in 1887 gave him to the preparatory class of Nemirovskaya gymnasium. But, the burdened family, a poor rural priest was not able to pay for his training, and from January of the next year, the boy moved to the first class of Shargorodsky spiritual school, where Popovsky children studied for free. In 1892, having received high assessments on ton singing, purity, geography, Greek, Yunoye Leontovich finished primary education and continued his studies in the Kamenets-Podolsk spiritual seminary in the same year. From memories and archival sources, it is known that he was not interested in the theological sciences, but he was fond of literature and psychology, and most of all loved and conscientiously studied singing and music. Fortunately, the students, the musical items in the seminary taught a highly educated teacher Y.O. Bogdanov, who received a musical education in St. Petersburg court chapel, was an active collector of folk songs, published a collection of choral treatments More than 100 melodies recorded in the villages of Podolia and Volyni. As a musician enlightener, the teacher tried not only to give his disciples special professional knowledge and instill love for music, but also to raise up good singing teachers from them, who carried art into the people. It was under his leadership Nikolai Leontovich made the first attempts to cross and their own treatment of folk songs ("Gandy", "Sun beyond Siberia"), gradually accumulating the song material for future pedagogical work. Already in 1898, he was instructed to lead a choral chapel of the seminarists, and he was able to master the art of managing chorus and the orchestra. In an effort to expand the framework of the seminary, Nikolay Dmitrievich Leontovich chose the material not the spiritual direction, and secular, for which he was subsequently punished: removed from the Dirgency and left for the second year. Forcedly continuing training, the seminarist was more active for collecting the musical folklore in the villages and towns, preparing for professional work.

The beginning of the teacher's activities of Nikolai Dmitrievich Leontovich fell on the period intensification of the national-democratic educational movement on the Ukrainian lands, when the national conscious intelligentsia led a stubborn struggle for the recognition of the intrinsication of the Ukrainian language and culture, for native teaches. The young Nikolai Leontovich was made to this movement, which was made on September 1, 1899, which "Chukiwsko's Arithmetic and Geography Teacher" of Chukivskyi, which is on Podolia.

In Britain, this song is called "New Year's Serenade", in America - "Cablystrika Bells", in Latin America - "The Song of the Stormy Sea" or "The Song of Great Charm", in Canada - "New-Open Sphinx". And we have "Shchedrich". I wrote, rather arranged it as an archaic folk song, composer Nikolai Leontovich. Very simple melody, a few notes of everything, but as she places in the soul, what light overtones wakes in us. "Shchedrich" call the melody of the twentieth century, as it, indeed, has become an international, executable everywhere and beloved by everyone.

The author, Nikolai Dmitrievich Leontovich, was born on December 13, 1877 in the village of Monastic Podolsk province, was the son of a simple priest, and he himself had to take the San after studying, but deliberately went to work as a music teacher. People's song from childhood captured his heart. Father taught musical literacy, because he played the cello, violin, guitar and led the chorus of seminars for some time. The magnificent nature of Polesia and a mild mother's voice smelled into the soul of Nicholas and later realized in his work.

How did Shchedrich appear?

Leontovich's music knew and heard everywhere. He made processing, or rather, the original versions, more than 100 folk songs. The most famous of them "Shchedrich" and "Dudarik".

The first - became an international christmas melody. Versions "Shchedrik" are now many, they say more than six hundred. "Shchedrik" became, indeed, the international Christmas anthem. Without it, winter holidays are simply inconceivable, at least in Germany, Holland, France, Spain, England, Belgium. Even the bells on the town hall in Brussels knock out "Shchedrich".

But not everything, unfortunately, know that the original source for their creation was the Ukrainian Song-Shchedria in the processing of Nikolai Leontovich. The shredders sang in, on the eve of the old new year, at this time, by tradition, the singers wanted the owners of wealth and peace so that the "sheep stamped, and the sheep were born" so that there was a "all good goods" to "have a measure of a penny" and "Wife of Chernobrovaya " True, in ancient times the new year has fallen in the spring, when swallows from the south returned. Therefore, the song begins with the arrival of swallows.

It would seem that such a bright harmless song, which is dangerous in it? And as she could generally appear in the darkness of the terrible time of the Red Terror. In what conditions did Leontovich work? The beginning of the twentieth century, war, revolution, nonsense, dictatorship. These were the conditions of hungry, cold and constantly dangerous existence. In the old coat, a thin hat, torn boots walked a great composer. The priests in the village lived poorly. Even when he became a teacher and wrote music, wandered and thought every day about how to feed the family.

As an artist, Leontovich was unusually demanding. He was ashamed to call himself a composer, all his life he was a teacher of music and singing, the head of the choir. Even working in Kiev conductor and composer in 1918-1921. His works included musical groups of Ukraine in their repertoires. After the fall of UNR and the establishment of the Soviet power, Leontovich works at the Music Committee under the National Commissariat of Enlightenment, teaches at the Music and Drama Institute. N. Lysenko, together with the composer and the conductor Gregory Rope in the People's Conservatory, on courses of pre-school education, organizes several choral circles. Because of the high demands for himself, Leontovich destroyed his first collection of his songs, although Nikolai Lysenko believed that this modest provincial teacher was a genius. "A man will come from this teacher!" - Somehow said about Leontovich K. Stetsenko. And Nikolai himself did not consider himself a composer, said his wife: "When I become a composer, then heal!"

Once a well-known music theorist Professor Boleslav Yavorsky, who taught Leontovich the composition, gave his student a task to write an exercise based on the ancient folk melody "Shchedrich". So the exercise turned into work, over which Leontovich worked for more than twelve years, rewriting and improving it infinitely. And brought to the highest level. So no one else approached the processing of folk songs, it was something completely new and unique.

Triumph "Shchedrik"

For the first time, "Shchedric" was performed by students of Kiev University under the leadership of Composer Koshitsa in 1916, and it shocked Kievans. Later, Simon Petlyra, who was in 1919 by the head of the Directory of the Ukrainian People's Republic, decided to organize a choral chapel and send it to touring the world. Capella had to surprise Europe and America by the songs and voices of Ukraine. For the last money, the choir goes to a distant tour. It was very bold, but, as it turned out, a win-win solution. Ukraine heard all over the world. And it was to blame for this simple song-genering in the processing of Leontovich, which became the crown number of Chora A. Koshitsi. Everyone fell in love with this melody and were amazed by an incredible polyphonism and the perfection of the work, some listeners even looked after the scene after the concert, thinking that this was buzzing, such low and slender were at Horist Basy. And the high female voices resembled the bells.

In 1921, Shchedrich was first sang at the concert in Carnegie Hall in New York. The song conquered and. Americans also wanted such. Want - so nat to you! The English version of Carol of The Bells was created in the thirtieth year by Music Teacher Peter Wilkhovsky (American of Ukrainian origin). Khommester Peter Wilkhovsky created the British version of the poem, translating the archaic generous to the American manner. And she acquired another meaning already associated with Christmas. Americans Ukrainian generaries perceive as a card, that is, a Christmas song. They called her "Bells" song ("Carol of the Bells") - after all, the melody is very similar to the chime of bells. It turned out an interesting genre metamorphosis: a generrorification turned into a card and became associated with the birth of Christ.

But only three notes within one and a half tones - and here you have real sound magic. The song becomes world famous, although the other, no less perfect, called Dudarik, does not receive a hundredth of this glory. Why? There is a large proportion of luck, and the fact that in the face of the composer Koshitsi Leontovich found a congenial performer. Alexander Koshitsa knew how to file text so that he fascinated the public.

In addition, in the European Cultural Context, this music fell just for the period of Formism, one of the varieties of avant-garde art. Such bright folk motives were very valued and appeared in the works of Prokofiev, Stravinsky, Bartok as the actualization of ancient folk reservoirs. It was a new look at the folklore, finding such living parties in it, which could be fertilized by the music of the 20th century and create a strong folk direction in it, capable of opposing themselves as speculative musical systems. Paganism was part of, Leontovich responded to the needs of the public. Plus a brilliant performance. As a talented promoter and musician, Koshitsa presented the melody of Ukraine at its best. And the world supported her favorably. The fragment of live matter from the amazing Ukrainian steppes created a strange phenomenon, despite the fact that this uncomplicated ritual song was one of the oldest folklore forms, but was perceived as a unique musical archetype, which woke up in the melody from the magical touch of Leontovich.

What did Leontovich killed for?

But then there is a legitimate question, for what was killed by a modest and quiet composer-wizard? Leaving from Kiev in Tulchin in connection with the change of power and the beginning of Terror, Leontovich is forced to look for work. He becomes a simple teacher again. Once in 1921 came to his father in the village of Markovka under Gaisin. And became a victim of an unexpected and like a random murder. That night from January 22-2 January 23, Nikolay did not go to bed for a long time, he was handled by one sad folk song. It was called "death." The strange coincidence, the composer felt that death had already entered his house, or he pulled it himself, wrote almost until the morning, and only went to rest, somewhere at eight o'clock, was killed by the strange midnight traveler, which, of course, performed Someone else. Random traders who regretted and sheltered the head of the Serdal Master, shot the sleeping composer in the stomach. Leontovich literally expired with blood on the eyes of a killer relatives. Later, the gangster, Belogwarders, as Soviet power called him, will receive a concrete name as an agent of the county check of Athanasius Grishchenko, but it is known about this only in 1990, thanks to the prompted report from Soviet archives. In it, Grishchenko will appear as a solid church killer, who pursued him in the city of Heat, where the agent was hidden after shot 43-year-old Leontovich.

After the death of Nikolai Leontovich on February 1, 1921, cultural, professors and students of the Kiev Music and Drama Institute were gathered in Kiev. M.V. Lysenko to celebrate in Christian to note nine days after the death of the composer. Then it became clear how much he managed to do for Ukrainian music. A concert was organized from his works, and in his native Tulchine, where he worked as a teacher for the last year, for the first time performed the song, Leontovich led all night, on the eve of his death. During the execution of the song "Hall hysterically sobbed." It was a weighty loss for Ukrainian music. At the same time, the memory committee ND was created. Leontovich, who was headed by K. Stetsenko (with this composer Nikolai Dmitrievich was friends and worked together for recent years). Leontovich was buried under that terrible song, he worked on the last night.

For a long time, already before the nineties it was believed that it was just a household robbery. Later studies have shown that there was a registered and carefully planned murder. For Leontovich, the observation was established for a long time. There is his own memories that he was watching and even revised him, and he knew about it. The intelligentsia of that time was under the CC cap. In addition, besides folk songs, Leontovich wrote spiritual music for the Ukrainian autochetal church. And this fact just became across the throat of Soviet power.

In addition, in the music of Leontovich was the soul, the free soul of the Ukrainian people. It is not by chance that the Soviet government actively destroyed those who have a gift to create music or poetry. For Leontovich, the music was the means of saving identity, which he wanted to transfer the next generations. Of course, the top of the creativity of Leontovich is not "Shchedrich", but "liturgy", written for church choir. This is an unusual version of the liturgy, it is involved in songs from Podiaol and Galicia and keeps a deep folk tradition. That is, Leontovich was a spiritual composer. I wrote more than fifty spiritual works. He witnessed and a member (member of the Church Commission) of the Cathedral of Orthodox Churches, on which the Ukrainian autocephalous church was painted wings, and he was with her. She was part of Leontovich's views, who survived the first world war, revolution, Ukrainian independence and her defeat, and loved Ukraine, which occupied the first place in his work.

What did the Soviet times allow to listen from Leontovich? Yes, nothing but innocuous "Shchedrik" and "Dudarika". The pagan carol was admissible because it is not related to Christ. By the way, the choral chapel of Koshitsa, who sang "Shchedrik" in the United States, did not return to Ukraine, because there were no Petlours, no independence there, and the chapel would definitely shoot, like Leontovich. Soviet power came, brought a bloody terror of atheists and realized that the composer would write spiritual music and it was dangerous for the Bolsheviks. From such music it is necessary to get rid of, that is, get rid of her creator.

Who was he?

A teacher who worked some melody right during the lesson, or a professional composer, whom some were considered amateur? And those and others. At one of the concerts (while Leontovich's life) in Tulchin, Kirill Stetsenko surprised listeners, saying that the outstanding composer, whose music they just listened to, the usual teacher of their children. And just pulled Leontovich on the scene. Everyone was shocked. And Leontovich only blusted from embarrassment. It was a very modest person. Not a rebellion, not a fighter, not a revolutionary, and the Creator, the meaning of which the music was.

For many, Nikolai Leontovich remained the author of "Shchedrik". But it is impossible to perceive the composer for one piece. In his asset, about three hundred works, everyone is now available and worked out by experts. He could stand at the origins of the original national art, should have established the first Soviet choir chapel. But he was not given. Because there, where Leontovich arose, there was a choir, and where there was a choir, there was a community. And the community is already the power to be afraid. That is why it was necessary to deal with the owner of this force as soon as possible. The author "Shchedrik" was killed, but the song itself, which persists in the soul of the people and travels through the light, was impossible to kill.

In Christmas days, each at least once heard the famous Melody "Caroll of the Bells" - she sounds everywhere. But few people know that its author is Nikolai Dmitrievich Leontovich - Ukrainian composer who died from the hands of an employee of the HCHK-OGPU-NKVD

Above the world famous option "Shchedrika" Nikolai Leontovich worked almost all his life. The first editorship of the song was written to 1901-1902, the second edition - in 1906-1908, the third - 1914, the fourth - 1916, and finally, the fifth - 1919. For the first time, "Shchedrik" was executed by the Kiev Choir University in 1916 - during the period when the composer worked in Kiev, where he managed the choral teams, taught at the music-drama institute. Nikolai Lysenko, he worked in the music department of the Kiev Regional Committee, in the All-Ukrainian Art Committee and headed the newly created state orchestra. The first execution brought a huge success to the composer. The name of Leontovich became famous in the musical circles, and among the general public.

"Natives were sitting in the next room with knitted hands and heard how Grishchenko shouted on a semi-conscious Leontovich" ... As the creator of the legendary "Shchedrika" lived and died.

"My father was not for a minute at home. Came only late evenings. My mother and I have not slept, listening to familiar steps on a dark empty street. Just having heard his quick step, Mom made us go to bed. Herself tried not to give excitement. The father, who was passionate about his works, was not afraid of night streets in those hectic times, "recalls life in Kiev in the spring of 1919 Galina, the daughter of the composer Nikolai Leontovich.

"Leontovich externally stand out for his grace. I did not like to wear a service form and the entire executed, - writes the conductor Nikolai Pokrovsky in the sketch "from the pages of the past." - During the speeches, all his appearance has already been tuned by performers, and the hall. Dressed in a dark business card, a shirt with a hard-standing collar and a good tie, he, thin and slender, with a big forehead and a black-e-junk beard and briefly triggered mustes, as if towered over the elements of tender sounds. Nikolay Dmitrievich stablely fought with the difficult life of the teacher of singing of that time. His family barely reduced ends with ends. But he rarely visited the sad and gloomy, always joked and hoped for the best times. "

Live on Baggouta street in a two-room apartment. She left her mother sister, who went to the village with his family. The room is located almost on the edge of the city. Therefore, often walking over the overgrown ravines, listening to birds.

"In order not to tear the doctrine, the rehearsal of the Choir Nikolai Dmitrievich spent at night-time time. Classes started at 9 o'clock. Leontovich came to the 6-7th, when we were still sleeping, "Ivan Barchuk loved him in the article" We all loved it "Ivan Barchuk. "He went to the bedroom, filmed with us blankets and called for a rehearsal." In 8 drank tea. He also sat down with us. Sound sounded. There was no cases to someone who did not listen or expressed discontent. "

In addition to the seminary, he teaches choral conducting at the Music and Drama Institute named after Nikolai Lysenko and in the People's Conservatory. As the inspector of the Music Department of the People's Commissariat of Enlightenment is engaged in the State Ukrainian Orchestra and National Choir Chapel. He lectures in schools and gymnasiums.

"The deprivation of our family was deprived," said Galina Leontovich in his sketch. - It was clear that it was necessary to return to Tulchin (the town in the Vinnitsa region. - Crane). But we all felt like hard he would break with Kiev. Now that his talent entered the flourishing when he worked with his musicians close to him, had common interests with them, felt their support in his creative work, returning to Tulchin would be a dramatic event in his life. "

Nikolay Leontovich - Sits in the third row of the fourth right - among the participants of the first Ukrainian choir in Kiev, 1919. Photo provided by Anatoly Zavaleku

Claudia's wife with daughters - 17-year-old Galina and 5-year hope - leave Kiev in the summer of 1919. The husband negotiates the places in the commodity train. Sits them and go to work.

"In the autumn of 1919, Nikolai Dmitrievich in the old summer halter on his shoulders and clumsy cap. Strongly laughed, sharpened, on foot came from Kiev to Tulchin and settled here again, "Ignat Yastrabetsky writes his friend.

Nikolay Leontovich with his wife Claudia and daughter Galina, 1905. Photo: Vinnitsa Regional Museum of Local Lore

The composer is taken for teaching in the labor school created on the basis of the Diocesan School. Manages amateur choirs and performs with concerts in military units. He supports relations with the Kiev colleagues and hopes for returning to the city. I joy responds to invitation to Kirill Stetsenko's composer to come to Kamenets-Podolsky for the organization of Ukrainian choirs.

"Night. Strong wind with cold rain. Military events. The city is laid by refugees who arrive and arrive. Our house has a wide road to the city. We cannot refuse hungry, exhausted people who stayed without bed. And then someone said that there is Leontovich, he wrote to the sketch "minutes from Olga Prikhodko, sister of choir conductor Alexander Prikhodko. "My sister Elena, who worked with him for several years with him in the Girl Tulchine school, immediately recognized him, although he was so emptied that she was barely stood."

The owners invite the composer into the room to relax.

- I am so dirty, with a swamp. Will not go. I am grateful that I have a roof over your head and a warm house, where the evil wind does not blow and does not cross the cold rain in the eyes, it refuses.

Other guests are heard about the composer. All together convince him to go, they want to communicate. He refuses.

"We were interested to talk to him. But they saw that he should immediately lie down and relax, "Olga Prikhodko further recalls. - I made him a bed on the sofa in the dining room. We all diverged in their corners. And in the morning it was no longer. When and where he left, did not say. "

At the end of October 1920, Leontovich in Tulchin is visited by the composer Kirill Stetsenko and the poet Paul Poochina. Both worked in the Wearing Chapel of the Dnieper Union of Cooperative Societies. After the speech in Odessa, the Railway team arrived at the station Vapnyarka - now Tomaspol district Vinnitsa region. Capell members learned that 18 kilometers was the author of "Shchedrik" and other works from their repertoire. We decided to wrap it with him.

"Nikolay Dmitrievich leaned his head against the wall, listens. The first slaps in your hands, "Pavlo Puchina recorded in the diary in the diary.

Leontovich shows and executes fragments of his Opera "on Rusalchin Great." Cyril Stetsenko praises and advises her to finish it as soon as possible to put in Kiev.

Leontovich wants to write a fantastic opera in three actions. To create a libretto addresses his student of the hope of Tanashevich, who lives in the village of Gerzhgorod - now the Teplitsky district of Vinnitsa region. The girl first refuses. Agrees when the composer says that the main thing is to write truthfully, and promises support.

"She put me a lot of songs," says the hope of a former colleague Akim's sin. - Maybe loved the old man-bald. Let love, it will be better to write text. Love is poetry, these are the best experiences of every person.

In the autumn of the 1920th, Leontovich family constantly lacks food and clothing. The Religious holidays are sent to Galina's daughter to swim to her grandfather in the mark. Calculate that it will bring some products.

- I must, Klava, somehow get to the Father, - says Nikolay Leontovich his wife in early 1921.

- How will you get this cold?

- During walking, not frozen. I can not calmly look like children undernourished, but to buy a piece of sala, butter or something else is missing. From the father of pork, flour and some croup can be brought. And potatoes and firewood. Calculates to go to the hope of Tanashevich, who lives near the Father. Wants to discuss further work on a joint work. On the road wraps to akim.

"It was after Christmas 1921. I was very surprised when Leontovich seeking me in the courtyard, "he writes sin in memories. - He was dressed in an old coat. On the head - the original hat, which his wife sewed from the old blanket. On the hands of mittens on one finger - also the work of the wife. And pants - gray-black color with large purple spots. He still rushed on a wand known in a big handkerchief a hotel for me - Kalachi. "

- Oh, mom! This line of life has completely ended, why are you wrongfully say, "Nadezhda Tanashevich is indignant, seeing her mother in his hand to the composer Nikolay Leontovich and says that his line of life" seems to be erected soon. "

- It means that when I go from you and from the forest will be released a gangster to kill me, I will tell him: "Eh, no! Stand Matushka Tanashevich I still rushed to live for a long time, "Guest laughed.

Hope leads him to another room and asks for no longer joking.

- The other day gave a concert in the barracks, "says Leontovich. - On the piano forgot his portfolio with documents. I was now "invited to a cup of tea," they took the documents, checked. Then - returned. Waiting for results, and maybe they will kill.

Four days later, he shoots him from the church of the hunting rifle Agent of the Gaysinsky county CC (Emergency Commission. - Krai) Athanasius Grishchenko. It happened in the parent house in the village of Markovka. Chekist asked to spend the night. With him - Riding Fedor Robchik, a peasant from Kiblch - now the Gaisinsky district of Vinnitsa region. The owners agreed.

In the conversation it turns out that the guest came to fight "banditry". Breasts the network of informants in the villages, which knows about everything that happens here. At midnight, men lay down to sleep in the same room. In the second - the mother of the composer Maria, Sister Victoria and the daughter of Galina.

In the morning, at 7 o'clock he was shot.

- Dad, dad! What is it? Explosion? - Nikolai Dmitrievich first responds first.

Father rushes to his son. He wants to rise from bed, but can not. On the right side - the wound. Blood flooded sheets. On the contrary, it is barefoot, a cheekist undressed to the linen. Holds a clip. Give the sleeves from it and lays a new cartridge.

- Stay from here! - shouts to the owner and pushes out the door. Orders Grabchak to associate all hands. To do this, removes a towel from the wall and ships the found skirt.

"The relatives were sitting in the next room with knitted hands and heard that Grishchenko shouted on a semi-dimensional Leontovich. They could not do anything. Meanwhile, the killer demanded gold and money. I took the tablespoons, the clock and the money found in the wallet and wardrobes. She sketched the host's casing, grabbed his son's boots and ran out of the house, "Jabrebetsky writes.

People coincide on the shouts of the father. Some rushes for a murderer, others - for a doctor in the heat, third to the victim.

"WATER," Nikolai Dmitrievich asks. When served, you can not get drunk. - Sveta. Give lights. Dad, dying.

A few minutes later his heart stops fighting.

The peasants catch up with a grabchak conjunction, but there is no Grishchenko. He is pursued by the police. He shoots, wounds the policeman and runs away.

"The Grenchenko's District Informant to the District Informant in such a business trip to such and exclude from the provincial and tea content from December 12," confirms his post found in the archive in Vinnitsa Help. - issued to him 5,000 advance payment on the secret costs to write on the expense of the arrival journal. "

Claudia's wife and daughter Nadezhda come to the funeral from Tulchka. Team, so the road is given hard to them. Near the house Leontovich gather people. The body of the deceased is put in the coffin of poplar. Bosyk buried, because it is not for what to put on - the boots took the murderer. On January 25, at about 17:00, the coffin is lowered into the grave.

The next day, from Starzhgorod brought the grave of a wreath from Hope Tanashkevich. It was the inscription: "Eternal memory. Sleep well".

"Leontovich killed. Mourning dry me. Wick, - recorded in the diary on January 27, 1921 Poet Pavlo Poochina. Later he also recalls the tragedy: "I write out notes for the choir. "Music Leontovich". Strange. All Ukraine sang Leontovich. And what does he, Nikolai Dmitrievich? Lies in the coffin, no one needs. You will be quiet - you will be killed. Strong - must kill. That is what the logic of life. "

"The bullet of the Checky Messenger consciously chilly in the heart of the recognized nation's nation-nation is Nikolai Leontovich. It was a sign of a terrible execution, which is waiting for every self-likeness, unrelated system, "art historian Valentina Kuzyk wrote in one of the publications.

160 Folk Song Processings created Nikolai Leontovich. The most famous - "Shchedrich", "Dudarik", "Right", "Kozak to carry", "Zashumila Lyschinonka", "Oh, Zasy Gori Kam \\ 'Janїї." Of these, 50 works for the children's choir issued in the tutorials "Mooky grades" and "Solfeggio".

Worked in the Donbas

1877, December 13 - Nikolay Leontovich was born in the family of the priest in the village of Monastery of Brazlav district - now Nemirovsky district Vinnitsa region.

Grandfather and great-grandfather were also priests. Father Dmitry Fefortanovich played a citre, balalaica, guitar, violin. Mother Maria Josephovna - sang well. Brother Alexander and Sister Maria became professional singers, Elena studied in the class of piano of the Kiev Conservatory, Victoria played on several tools.

1892 - entering the Podolsk spiritual seminary in Kamenets-Podolsky, which ended in 1898.

1901 - publishes the first collection of songs Podialia. Two years later, he comes out the second - with the dedication to Nikolay Lysenko.

Works teacher of a two-year school in the village of Chukiv. Playing the violin and flute. Organizes the school orchestra. For own funds buys five violins, cello, flute, cornet and trombone. With a monthly salary of the teacher, 27 rubles for each tool gives from 25 to 40 rubles.

1902 - Works Music Teacher in Tyvrov - Now the district center of the Vinnitsa region. Here gets acquainted and marries Claudia Zhovtkevich. She is 2 years older and arrived with Volyn. We worked in Tyvrov, then in Vinnitsa. There in 1903 the daughter of Galina is born.

1904 - Leaving to work on the Donbass teacher of singing and music in the railway school. Lives with family at Grishino station (now the city of Pokrovsk Donetsk region. - Country) in a barrack for railway workers.

During the revolution of 1905, organizes the choir of workers, which performs on rallies. Leontovich's activities attract police attention. He is forced to return to Tulchin. Teaches music and singing in the Diocesan School for the daughters of rural priests.

Since 1909 - takes the lessons of the composition, polyphonies from the professor of the theory of music of Boleslav Yavorski, who is periodically visited in Moscow and Kiev.

1916 - Together with the Church of the Kiev University performs its processing "Shchedrik".

1919 - During the seizure of Kiev, Denikins are forced to flee to Tulchin. It bases the first music school in the city.

1919-1920 - Works on the People's Fantastic Opera "On Rusalchin Greamen" in the same name, Boris Greenshenko's fairy tale.

1921, January 23 - KhCHK was killed (All-Russian emergency commission to combat counter-revolution and sabotage. - Crane) Athanasius Grishchenko in the village of Markovka - now the Teplitsky district of Vinnitsa region. The text of the report, revealing the name of the killer of the composer, was made public in 1997.