Biographical reference. Dmitry Likhachev

04.07.2020

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The Russian Research Institute of Cultural and Natural Heritage was created by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation in 1992.

The establishment of the institute was determined by the need to implement the provision of the UNESCO Convention on the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage and the adoption of effective measures to preserve, rehabilitate and develop a historical and cultural and natural environment. The goal of the establishment of the institute is defined in a government ruling as a scientific support of state cultural policies and regional programs for the preservation and use of national heritage.

The history of the institution is closely related to the work of the Soviet Foundation of Culture, established in the late 1980s and who worked under the leadership of D. S. Likhacheva. The basis of the collection of the institute was specialists who participated in the work of the Council on the unique territories of the Soviet Foundation of Culture.

It was the principles that were developed during work in the culture fund, in scientific expeditions and studies conducted under the patronage of Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev and in the process of forming a new cultural policy and lawmaking in the transitional turn from the Soviet era to the new Russia. The institute's activities are based on the idea of \u200b\u200bthe fundamental role of heritage in the preservation of the cultural and natural diversity of the country and in its sustainable development. The scope of the interests of the institute, determined by the very beginning of its functioning: the methodology and theory of preservation of cultural and natural heritage, the development of integrated territorial programs for preserving the heritage, the formation of a system of specially protected territories, the cartographic support of the health sector, the study of a living traditional culture - remains relevant today .

In 1999, the institute was assigned the name of Academician D. S. Likhachev.

Organizational and legal form

Organizational and legal form - Federal State Budgetary Research Institution Powered by the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation with the scientific and methodological guidance of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Heritage Institute and Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation

License

The license of the Federal Service for Supervision of Compliance with the Legislation in the field of mass communications and the protection of cultural heritage of March 4, 2005 No. 264 for the implementation of the Restoration of Cultural Heritage Objects (historical and cultural monuments).

History

The Russian Research Institute of Cultural and Natural Heritage was created by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation in 1992.

The Heritage Institute was established to implement the provision of the UNESCO Convention on the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage and the adoption of effective measures to preserve, rehabilitate and develop a historical and cultural and natural environment. In the Government Decision, the purpose of the creation was determined as the scientific support of state cultural policies and regional programs for the preservation and use of the national heritage.

The prehistory of the Heritage Institute is related to the Soviet Foundation of Culture. The framework of the institute was specialists who participated in the work of the Council on the unique territories of the Foundation. The basic principles based on the activities of the Institute were developed while working in the Soviet Fund of Culture, in scientific expeditions and studies that were supervised by D. S. Likhachev.

The idea of \u200b\u200bthe fundamental role of the heritage in the preservation of the cultural and natural diversity of the country and in its sustainable development is key in the activities of the Institute. In the sphere of interests of the Heritage Institute, from the very beginning of its activities, the methodology and the theory of the preservation of cultural and natural heritage were included, the development of integrated territorial programs for the preservation of heritage, the formation of a system of specially protected territories, the cartographic provision of the sector of the heritage, the study of living traditional culture.

After the death of D. S. Likhacheva in 1999, the Heritage Institute was assigned to his name.

Structure and activities

Directorate

Discussion of the main directions and problems of the scientific activity of the Institute, discussion and approval of dissertation research of graduate students and applicants, discussion of the results of research work sectors and centers of the institute for the year.

Heritage Documentation Center (TSD)

Collection and dissemination for scientific, official and educational purposes of various information related to cultural and natural legacy.

Staff:

Sector of unique historical and natural territories

Comprehensive study of territorially pronounced especially valuable objects of cultural and natural heritage and scientific substantiation of policies regarding their protection and use.

Staff:

Abdurakhmanov, Zarem Tariverdievna - Researcher. Candidate of geographic sciences.
Kulinskaya, Svetlana Vladimirovna - Senior Researcher.
Pakina, Alla Anatolyevna Candidate of Geographical Sciences.

Sector of legal problems of management of cultural landscapes

Identification and systematization of cultural landscapes, including work on the study of the nomination of cultural landscapes of world importance; informational support and monitoring of cultural landscapes; development of regulatory acts and advocating documents aimed at preserving cultural landscapes and streamline their use; development of programs, projects, plans, schemes, concepts and other guidelines for the management of cultural landscapes as objects of heritage; The inclusion of the information potential of the cultural landscape in the main development programs and the main activity of reserves museums and national parks as government agencies.

Staff:

Gomboev, Bair Tsylimpilovich - Senior Researcher. Candidate of geographic sciences.
SHTILAMAK, NATALIA FELIXSNA - Senior Researcher.

Sector of Protection and Use of Archaeological Heritage

Participation in the legislative process; Development of new provisions and methods for accounting and controlling the objects of archaeological heritage, the creation of the methodological foundations of the monitoring system of archaeological heritage.

Leader - Sergey Valentinovich Gusev, Candidate of Historical Sciences.

Staff:

Zagorulko, Andrei Vladislavovich (r.) - Senior Researcher. Candidate of Historical Sciences .
Mukhin, Gennady Dmitrievich (r.) - Senior Researcher. Candidate of Historical Sciences .
Prut, Alexander Anatolyevich - Researcher.

Living Traditional Culture Sector

Live culture is a set of facts and phenomena of spiritual and material culture, relevant to society or individual community groups in the current period of time. The most important component of living culture, its kind of genetic code is a tradition that ensures the continuity and continuity of cultural development.

Staff:

Belosheeva, Anna Alexandrovna - Researcher.
Vedernikova, Natalia Mikhailovna Candidate of Philological Sciences.
Veshninsky, Yuri Grigorievich (r.) - Senior Researcher. Candidate of cultural studies.
Nikitina, Seraphim Evgenievna (r.) Doctor of philological sciences.
Polishchuk, Mikhail Alexandrovich - Researcher.
Ryabov, Sergey Alekseevich - Leading Researcher. Candidate of Military Sciences
Faustov, Elmar Nurgalieevna (r.) - Researcher. Candidate of Philosophical Sciences
Chenkov, Lev Nikolaevich (r.) - Senior Researcher. Candidate of Historical Sciences .

Center for traditional culture of environmental management

Cultural landscapes and traditional knowledge of indigenous peoples and ethno-territorial groups of other peoples of the North; Marine mammals and birds of the Arctic are the traditions of conservation and use; Aboriginal pets in traditional cultures of Russia and foreign countries.

Leader - Lyudmila Sergeevna Theological, Doctor of Biological Sciences.

Staff:

Aleinikov, Peter Aleksandrovich - Leading Researcher. Candidate of Philology .
Vdovin, Boris Innokentievich - Senior Researcher.
Kozlov, Andrei Igorevich - Leading Researcher. Doctor of Biological Sciences, Candidate of Medical Sciences.
Krupnik, Igor Ilyich (r.) - Leading Researcher. Doctor of Biological Sciences, Candidate of Historical Sciences.
Sulimov, Klim Timofeevich - Leading Researcher. Candidate of biological sciences.

Studies sector of historical and traditional technologies

"Historical" technologies - technologies that in the "pre-industrial" period were the basis of many industries and were used to create material objects, but at present it has long been disappeared with the disappearance of these technologies functioning based on these technologies. "Traditional" technologies are "historical" technologies that managed to adapt to the conditions of the industrial revolution.

Staff:

Maksimova, Tatiana Vasilyevna - Senior Researcher.
Sadykova, Elena Yurevna (r.) - Senior Researcher. Ph.D. in History of Arts .
Frolov, Dmitry Yuryevich (r.) - Researcher.

Center for environmental problems of preserving heritage and examination of regional programs and projects

Analysis of environmental problems of preserving heritage and search for ways to solve them.

Head - Galina Alekseevna Zaitseva, Candidate of Biological Sciences.

Sector of Russian manor and garden-park culture

Sector of Regionalism

The study of a comprehensive problem of the implementation of state functions for the study and protection of cultural and natural heritage by means of local history, as well as the study and use of educational potential of heritage.

Head - Valery Evgenievich Tumanov, Candidate of Historical Sciences.

Sector of tourist and recreational forms of heritage use

Leader - Sergey Yuryevich Zhitenov (r.), Candidate of Culturalology.

Staff:

Baynazarov, Yuri Karabaevich (r.) - Senior Researcher.
Solovyov, Andrei Petrovich (r.) - Senior Researcher.

Arctic Cultural and Natural Heritage Sector

Identification, description, monitoring and preservation of the historical and cultural and natural environment of the Arctic.

Head - Ilya Borisovich Baryshev.

Staff:

Kuliev, Anatoly Nikolaevich - Senior Researcher.
Pyatnitskaya, Alyona Vasilyevna (r.) - Junior Researcher.

Studies sector of the cultural and natural heritage of the Solovetsky Archipelago and Belomiya

Sector on the basis of the Maritime Arctic Compact Expedition (McC), leading field research of the Solovetsky Archipelago since 1986; It is part of the Center "Sea Arctic Compact Expedition".

Head - Vadim Vadimovich Ryabikov.

Staff:

Georgians, Veniamin Stanislavovich (r.) - Senior Researcher.
Zakharov, Yuri Semenovich - Senior Researcher.
Semenova, Tamara Yuryevna - Senior Researcher.
Filin, Pavel Anatolyevich - Senior Researcher, Head of the Belomorsk Detachment Mc. Candidate of Historical Sciences .

Staff:

Lopan, Oksana Vitalevna - Researcher.

Sector of comprehensive research, design and protection of the historical territories of the Central Region of Russia

Development of new research methods, design and protection of historical territories of Central Russia as a holistic ecological and cultural system that preserves unique evidence of our past and ensuring the ethnocultural identity, continuity of traditions and sustainable development of society.

Staff:

Glazunov, Olga Nikolaevna (r.) - Senior Researcher.
Ershova, Ekaterina Georgievna - Researcher. Candidate of biological sciences.
Zavyalov, Dmitry Grigorievich - Researcher.
Zavyalova, Nadezhda Iosifovna - Senior Researcher. Candidate of architecture.
Lebedev, Ekaterina Yurevna (r.) - Senior Researcher.
Nikolaev, Natalia Vyacheslavovna - Senior Researcher.
Rum, Natalia Witoldovna - Junior Researcher.
Smirnov, Sergey Alekseevich (r.) - Researcher.
Shanko, Vera Nikolaevna (r.) - Junior Researcher.

Museum and restoration sector

Non-specialized museum division.

Head - Tatyana Ivanovna Chernova.

Staff:

Pozdnyakova, Galina Ivanovna - Senior Researcher.

Electronic Heritage Publications Sector

The use of existing and creating new computer technologies to apply them to the study and use of cultural and natural heritage.

Head - Sergey Anatolyevich Pchiekin.

Staff:

Sparrow, Elena Andreevna - Senior Researcher.

Conferences organized by the Heritage Institute

2006

2008

Russia: Imagination of the space / space of imagination. International Conference.

2012

Domestic and global experience of preserving and using cultural and natural heritage. International Conference within the framework of events dedicated to the 20th anniversary of the establishment of the Heritage Institute.

Bibliography

Proceedings of the Heritage Institute

Collective monographs

Proceedings of the Marine Arctic Complex Expedition (McCe)

Barents Villem Park on New Earth. In Russian. and English .. M., 1998.
New Earth. Nature. History. Archeology. Culture. Book 2. Part 1. Cultural heritage. Radioecology. Proceedings of the Marine Arctic Complex Expedition.
New Earth. Nature. History. Archeology. Culture. Book 1. Nature. Proceedings of the Marine Arctic Complex Expedition.
Vaigach Island, Habida I am the sacred island of Nenets people. Natural and cultural heritage. M., Heritage Institute. 2000.
Solovetsky Islands. Spiritual and cultural heritage. Card for pilgrims and tourists. M., Heritage Institute. 2001.
Polar archive. Volume 1. Proceedings of the Maritime Arctic Complex Expedition under the general edition of P.V. Boyarsky. M., 2003.
Solovetsky Islands. Spiritual and cultural heritage. Card for pilgrims and tourists. Scale 1:50 000. M., Heritage Institute. 2004.
Vaigach Island. Book 1. Monuments of the development of the Arctic. M., 2000.
New Earth. Nature, history, archeology, culture. Kn. 2, Part 2. M., 2000.
Koch is a Russian polar vessel: problems, research and reconstruction. M., 2000.
The village of Belushya Luba is the capital of the Polar Archipelago New Earth (1897-1997). M., 1997.
North with a bar. Joint Russian-Dutch integrated archaeological studies on new land in 1995. In Russian. and eng. Amsterdam, 1997.
Solovetsky Islands. Large Muksalma Island.
Map "New Earth. Natural and cultural heritage. " Scale 1: 1000 000; Map-insert to it "History of discoveries and research", scale 1: 2500,000. M., Heritage Institute. 1995.
Map "Vaigach Island. Natural and cultural heritage. Habida I am the Sacred Island of the Nenets People. " Scale 1: 200,000. M., Heritage Institute. 2000.
New Earth. Volume 1. Book 1. Proceedings of the Marine Arctic Complex Expedition. M., 1993.
New Earth. Volume 1. Book 2. Release II. Proceedings of the Marine Arctic Complex Expedition. M., 1993.
New Earth. Volume 2. Release III. Proceedings of the Marine Arctic Complex Expedition. M., 1993.
New Earth. Volume 3. Issue IV. Proceedings of the Marine Arctic Complex Expedition. M., 1994.
New Earth: the concept of forming a system of specially protected natural and historical and cultural territories. M., 1994.
Solovetsky Islands. Large Muksalma Island. Call. Avt .. M., 1996.
New Earth. Nature. History. Archeology. Culture. Book 1. Nature. Proceedings of the Marine Arctic Complex Expedition. Call. Avt M., 1998.
New Earth. Nature. History. Archeology. Culture. Book 2, part 1. Cultural heritage. Radioecology. Proceedings of the Marine Arctic Complex Expedition. Call. Auto M., 1998.
Barents Villem Park on New Earth. M., Heritage Institute. 1998.

In February 1928, after the end of LSU, Dmitry Likhachev was arrested for participating in the student circle "Space Academy of Sciences" and was convicted for five years for counter-revolutionary activities.

From November 1928 to August 1932, Likhachev was serving a special appointment in the Solovetsky camp. Here, during his stay in the camp, in 1930, the first scientific work of Likhacheva "Cardigan games of the criminals" in the magazine "Solovetsky Islands" was published.

After early liberation, he returned to Leningrad, where he worked as a literary editor and a corrector in various publishers. Since 1938, the life of Dmitry Likhachev was associated with the Pushkin House - the Institute of Russian Literature (Irley Academy of Sciences of the USSR), where he began working as a junior researcher, then became a member of the Council's Academic Council (1948), and later - the head of the Sector (1954) and the Department of Old Russian Literature (1986).

During the Great Patriotic War, from the fall of 1941 to the spring of 1942, Dmitry Likhachev lived and worked in a blockade Leningrad, from where she was evacuated with his family on the road of life in Kazan. For selfless work in a deposited city, he was awarded the medal "for the defense of Leningrad."

Since 1946, Likhachev has worked at the Leningrad State University (LDA): first in the post of associate professor, and in 1951-1953 - Professor. At the historical faculty of LHA, he read the special courses "History of Russian Chronicles", "Paleography", "The History of Culture of Ancient Russia" and others.

The study of the culture of ancient Russia and its traditions Dmitry Likhachev devoted most of his works: "National self-consciousness of ancient Russia" (1945), "The emergence of Russian literature" (1952), "Man in the literature of ancient Russia" (1958), "Culture of Russia time Andrew Rublev and the epiphany of the wisdom "(1962)," Poetics of the Old Russian literature "(1967), Essay" Notes on Russian "(1981). Russian culture and inheritance of its traditions are devoted to the collection "Past - Future" (1985).

Much of the attention of Likhachev paid a study by the great monuments of the Old Russian literature "Tale of the Week," and "Word about Igor's regiment", which were translated into modern Russian with the author's comments (1950). In different years of life, various articles and monographs of scientists were devoted to these works, translated into many languages \u200b\u200bof the world.

Dmitry Likhachev was elected by a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1953) and a valid member (academician) of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1970). He was a foreign member or a corresponding member of the Academies of Sciences of a number of countries: Academy of Sciences of Bulgaria (1963), Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts (1971), Hungarian Academy of Sciences (1973), British Academy (1976), Austrian Academy of Sciences (1968), Ghettingen Academy of Sciences (1968) Academy of Sciences (1988), American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1993).

Likhachev was an honorary doctor of the University of Nikolai Copernicus in Torun (1964), Oxford (1967), University of Edinburgh (1971), Bordeaux University (1982), University of Zurich (1982), University of Sophia (1988) ), University Karlov (1991), Siena University (1992), an honorary member of the Serbian literary and scientific and cultural and educational society "Srpska Matitsa" (1991), the Philosophical Scientific Society (1992). Since 1989, Likhachev was a member of the Soviet (later Russian) branch of the Pen Club.

Academician Likhachev led an active social work. The most significant academician considered the chairman of the Chairman in the series "Literary Monuments" in the Soviet (later Russian) Fund of Culture (1986-1993), as well as an activity as a member of the editorial board of the academic series "Scientific and Popular Literature" (since 1963) . Dmitry Likhachev actively performed in the media in defense of the monuments of Russian culture - buildings, streets, parks. Thanks to the activities of the scientist, they managed to save the demolition, "reconstructions" and "restorations" many monuments in Russia and Ukraine.

For its scientific and social activities, Dmitry Likhachev was awarded many government awards. Academician Likhachev was twice awarded the State Prize of the USSR - for the scientific works "History of Culture of Ancient Russia" (1952) and "Poetics of Old Russian Literature" (1969), and the State Prize of the Russian Federation for the series "Monuments of Literature Ancient Russia" (1993). In 2000, Dmitry Likhachev was posthumously awarded the State Prize of Russia for the development of the artistic direction of domestic television and the establishment of the All-Russian State Culture TV channel.

Academician Dmitry Likhachev was awarded the highest awards of the USSR and Russia - the title of the Hero of Socialist Labor (1986) with the presentation of the Order of Lenin and the Gold Medal "Sickle and Hammer", he was the first cavalier of the Order of the Holy Apostle of Andrei First Caller (1998), and also awarded many orders and medals.

Since 1935, Dmitry Likhachev was married to Zinaida Makarova, employee of the publisher. In 1937, they were born Behind Behind's daughters and Lyudmila. In 1981, the daughter of Academician Vera died in a car accident.

2006, a century year from the birth of a scientist, by the decree of Russian President Vladimir Putin.

Material prepared on the basis of information from open sources

The Russian Research Institute of Cultural and Natural Heritage was created by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation in 1992.

The history of the institute is closely connected with the work of the Soviet Foundation of Culture, established in the late 1980s and working under the leadership of DS Likhachev. The basis of the collection of the institute was specialists who participated in the work of the Council on the unique territories of the Soviet Foundation of Culture.

In 1999, the Institute was awarded the name of Academician D.S. Likhachev.

Basic principles of the Institute:

Orientation on a wide view of heritage as a reflection of the historical experience of the interaction of man and nature. This involves the inclusion in the category of heritage not only immunity and movable monuments of history, culture and nature, but also objects of lively traditional culture, traditional technologies, historically established forms of farming and environmental management, cultural landscape.

Consideration of heritage as a systemic education in which individual heritage objects cannot be saved outside the connection with each other and outside the environment. At the same time, not only individual monuments are becoming the object of protection, but also the entire historical and cultural and natural environment. At the same time, the unity and the close relationship between the cultural and natural heritage are emphasized.

The primacy of the spatial approach to preservation of heritage. The main object of protection and use becomes the territory - from the country as a whole to individual cities, villages, estates, national parks, historical and cultural territories. In this case, the concept of territory implies all the variety of historical and natural monuments included in it, ensembles, landscapes, as well as traditional forms of sociocultural and economic activity.

Consideration of the protection and use of heritage as an organic part of a complex of modern sociocultural, socio-economic, political and environmental processes.