Author 7 Symphony written in Blocade Leningrad. Seventh Symphony D.

On August 9, 1942, in Blocade Leningrad, a large symphony orchestra under the control of Charles Eliasberg (German by nationality) was performed by the seventh symphony of Dmitry Shostakovich.

After the hungry winter of 1941, only 15 people remained in the orchestra, and more than a hundred were required. From the story of the flatistics of the blockade composition of the Orchestra Galina Lelyukhina: "On the radio announced that all the musicians were invited. It was hard to walk. I had a qing, and very sick legs. At first, we were nine, but then it came more. Eliasberg's conductor brought to Sanya, because he completely loosen from hunger. Men even called from the front line. Instead of weapons, they had to take into the hands of musical instruments. Symphony demanded great physical efforts, especially the brass parties - a huge load for the city, where it was already hard enough. " Drummer Zhaudat Aydarova Eliasberg found in the dead, where he noticed that the fingers of the musician moved slightly. "Yes, he is alive!". Steaving from the weakness of Karl Eliasberg went by hospitals in search of musicians. From the front, musicians stretched: a thrombonist - from a machine-gun company, a hiktornist - from a zenith regiment ... Altist escaped from the hospital, the flutist was brought to the sledes - his legs were taken away. Trumpeter came in the boots, despite the spring: the legs are swollen from hunger they did not fit into another shoes.

Clarnetist Victor Kozlov recalled: "At the first rehearsal, some musicians could physically climb to the second floor, they listened to the bottom. So they were exhausted with hunger. Now it is impossible to even imagine such a degree of exhaustion. People could not sit, so they were eager. I had to stand during rehearsals. "

On the 355th day of the Leningrad blockade, on August 9, in the morning the last rehearsal took place, and in the evening - the execution of the seventh symphony of Shostakovich was preparing. They said that Conductor Eliasberg was looking for potatoes to starch the white collar and cuffs.

In the city there were truly fantastic billboards of posters: "The Office of the Arts Executive Committee of the Lengorsovet and the Leningrad Committee on Radio Broadcasting, a large philharmonic hall. Sunday, August 9, 1942. Concert of the Symphony Orchestra. Conductor K.I. Eliasberg. Shostakovich. Seventh symphony (for the first time). "

Day of the first execution of the seventh symphony of Dmitry Shostakovich was not chosen by chance. On August 9, 1942, the Nazis intended to seize the city - they even prepared invitation tickets for the banquet at the restaurant of the Astoria Hotel.

But the city of the fascists were not allowed. From the prisoners later found out: they were surprised by a massive artillery blow, which was equalized with the ground of the battery, and then a symphony that sounded from all Soviet reproductors.

Galina Lelyukhina said: "The Germans have already declared that Leningrad is a city of corpses, which the streets go through the streets ... And suddenly such powerful music, especially in the part where the German invasion is described. It made a very strong impression! "

Despite the bombing and air strikes, all chandeliers were lit in the philharmonic. Clarinetist Victor Kozlov recalled: "Indeed, all chandeliers were turned on. The hall was lit, so solemnly. Such a rise was in the musicians in the mood, so played with the soul of this music. "

The Philharmonic Hall was full. The audience was the most diverse. Sailors came to the concert, the infantry, dressed in the fuzzy fighters of air defense, missed the regulars of philharmonic. 80 minutes, while symphony sounded, enemy shells in the city did not explode, because by order of the commander of the front of General L.A. Gotovov Our artilleryrs all this time led a continuous fire on the enemy. The operation was called the "squall".

The seventh symphony of Shostakovich shook listeners: many of them cried, without hiding tears. Great music managed to express what was united by people at the difficult time: faith in victory, sacrifice, limitless love for his homeland. Irina Skripacheva, a resident of a blockade Leningrad, told: "This symphony has greatly affected us emotionally. Rhythm caused a feeling of lifting, flight. At the same time, the frightening rhythm of German Horde was felt. It was unforgettable and awesome. "

After the war, two former German soldiers who fought under Leningrad were found by Eliasberg and admitted to him: "Then, on August 9, 1942, we realized that we would lose the war."

DD Shostakovich "Leningrad Symphony"

The Seventh Symphony of Shostakovich (Leningradskaya) is a great work, reflecting not only the will to victory, but also the insurmountable strength of the spirit of the Russian people. Music is a chronicle of military years, a history of history is heard in each sound. A grand scale composition gave hope and faith not only to people in a blockade Leningrad, but also to the entire Soviet people.

To learn how the work was composed and under what circumstances was first fulfilled, as well as the content and many interesting facts on our page.

The history of the creation of "Leningrad Symphony"

Dmitry Shostakovich was always a very sensitive person, he seemed to anticipate the beginning of a complex historical event. So in 1935, the composer begins to compose variations in the genre of Passaclaus. It is worth noting that this genre is a mourning procession distributed in Spain. According to the plan, the writing was to repeat the principle of varying used Maurice Ravem in " Bolero" The sketches were even shown by the conservatory students in which the brilliant musician was taught. The topic of Passabali was quite simple, but its development was created due to the dry drum knife. Gradually, the dynamics grew to a huge power, which demonstrated a symbol of fear and horror. The composer was tired of work on the work and postponed it.

War awakened B. Shostakovich The desire to finish the work and bring it to the triumphant and victorious final. The composer decided to use the previously started passage in Symphony, it became a big episode that was built on variations, and replaced the development. In the summer of 1941, the first part was completely ready. Then the composer began working on the average parts that were completed by the composer before evacuation from Leningrad.

The author recalled his own work on the work: "I wrote it faster than previous works. I could not do differently, and not to write it. There was a terrible war around. I just wanted to capture the image of our country, which is so desperately fighting in your own music. On the first day of the war I was already set for work. Then I lived in a conservatory, like many of my familiar musicians. I was a fighter of anti-heart defense. I did not sleep, and did not eat and broke away from the essay only when he was on duty or when air alarm occurs. "

The fourth part was most difficult, since it was supposed to be a celebration of good over evil. The composer felt anxiety, the war very seriously affected his moral condition. His mother and sister were not evacuated from the city, and Shostakovich was very worried about them. The pain tormented his soul, he could not think about anything. Nearby there was no one who could inspire him to the heroic final of the work, but, nevertheless, the composer gathered in spirit and completed the work at an optimistic spirit. A few days before the occurrence of 1942, the work was fully described.

Fulfillment of Symphony No. 7.

For the first time, the work was performed in Kuibyshev in the spring of 1942. Conducted by the premiere Samuel Samosud. It is noteworthy that correspondents from different countries arrived in a small town. The assessment of the listeners was more than high, immediately several countries wanted to fulfill the symphony in the most famous philharmonics of the world, requests began to receive requests for sending scores. The first to fulfill an essay outside the country was entrusted with the famous Tuscanini conductor. In the summer of 1942, the work was performed in New York and had a huge success. Music scattered around the world.

But no execution in Western scenes could compare with the scale of the premiere in the blockade Leningrad. On August 9, 1942, a day, when the city should fall from the blockade according to Hitler plan, the music of Shostakovich sounded. All four parts were played performed by the conductor Charles Eliasberg. The work sounded in every home, on the streets, as the translation was carried out on the radio and through street loudspeakers. The Germans were in amazement - it was a real feat showing the strength of the Soviet people.

Interesting facts about Symphony №7 Shostakovich

• The name "Leningrad" work received from the famous poetess Anna Akhmatova.
• From the moment of writing Symphony No. 7, Shostakovich became one of the most politicized works in the history of classical music. So, the date of the premiere of a symphonic work in Leningrad was not chosen by chance. Full russell over the city built by Peter Great was appointed according to the Ninth August plan. Commander-in-Chief distributed special invitation cards to the popular "Astoria" restaurant at the time. They wanted to celebrate victory over deposited in the city. Tickets for the premiere of symphonies were distributed to blocks for free. The Germans knew about everything and became involuntary listeners of the work. On the day of the premiere it became clear who would win the battle for the city.
• On the day of the premiere, the whole city was filled with Music Shostakovich. Symphony was broadcast on radio, as well as from urban street loudspeakers. People listened and could not hide their own emotions. Many cried from overflowing with a sense of pride for the country.
• The music of the first part of the symphony became the basis of the ballet called "Leningrad Symphony".

• The famous writer Alexei Tolstoy wrote an article about the "Leningrad" symphony, in which not only designated an essay as the celebration of the thought of human in man, but also disassembled a work from a musical point of view.
• Most musicians were taken out of the city at the beginning of the blockade, so there were difficulties in collecting an entire orchestra. But after all, he was assembled, and the work was intended literally in a few weeks. The well-known conductor of the German origin of Eliasberg was conducted by the Leningrad Prime Minister. Thus, it was emphasized that, regardless of nationality, each person seeks peace.

• Symphony can be heard in the famous computer game called "Entente".
• In 2015, the work was performed in the Philharmonic of the city of Donetsk. The premiere took place within a special project.
• Poet and friend Alexander Petrovich Mezhirov dedicated to this work poems.
• One of the Germans after the victory of the USSR over the Nazi Germany admitted: "It was on the day of the premiere of the" Leningrad "symphony, we realized that we would lose not only the battle, but also the whole war. Then we felt the power of the Russian people, which could overcome everything, and hunger and death.
• Shostakovich himself wanted a symphony in Leningrad to be filled with his favorite orchestra of the Leningrad Philharmonic, which was ruled by the genius Mravinsky. But this could not happen, as the orchestra was in Novosibirsk, the transport of musicians would have become too difficult and could lead to tragedy, as the city was in the blockade, so the orchestra had to form from people who were in the city. Many were musicians of military orchestras, many were invited from neighboring cities, but as a result, the orchestra was assembled and performed a work.
• During the execution of Symphony, the secret operation was successfully conducted. Later, the participant of this operation will write a poem dedicated to Shostakovich and the Operation itself.
• Review of the journalist from the English magazine "Time" has been preserved, which was specially sent to the USSR to the premiere in Kuibyshev. The correspondent then wrote that the work is filled with extraordinary nervousness, he noted the brightness and expressiveness of the melodies. In his opinion, the symphony had to be able to sound in the UK and around the world.

• Music is connected with another military event that happened today. On August 21, 2008, the work was performed in Tskhinvale. The symphony conducted one of the best conductors of modernity Valery Gergiev. The execution was broadcast on the leading channels of Russia, the broadcast was also carried out on radio stations.
• On the building of St. Petersburg Philharmonic, you can see a memorial plaque dedicated to the premiere of symphony.
• After signing the surrender in one of the news releases in Europe, the reporter said: "Is it possible to defeat the country in which during such terrible hostilities, blockade and death, destruction and hunger people manage to write such a strong work and fulfill it in a blockade city? I think that there is no. This is a unique feat. "

The seventh symphony is one of the works written on a historic basis. The Great Patriotic War awakened in Shostakovich. The desire to create a Sochite, helping the person to find faith in the victory and gaining peaceful life. Heroic content, triumph of justice, the struggle of light with darkness is that it is reflected in the composition.

Symphony has a classic 4-private structure. Each part has its own role in the development of drama:

• I part Written in a sonate form without developing. The role of part is the exposition of two polar worlds, namely the main party represents the world of calm, the greatness under the Russian intonations, the side party complements the main party, but at the same time changes in nature, and reminds the lullaby. The new musical material that is called the "episode of invasion" is the world of war, anger and death. Primitive melody accompanied by percussion instruments is carried out 11 times. Culmination reflects the struggle of the main party and the episode of invasion. It becomes clear from the codes that the main party won.
• II Part It is a scherzo. Music contains images of Leningrad in peacetime with notes of regretting about the already calm.
• III part He is adagio, written in the Requiem genre for the dead people. The war claimed them forever, the music is tragic and sad.
• The final Continuing the struggle of light with darkness, the main party is gaining energy forces and defeats the "episode of invasion". The topic of Sarabanda chants everyone who died in the struggle for peace, and then the approval of the main party. Music sounds like a real symbol of a bright future.

Tonalness to major is not chosen by chance. The fact is that this tonality is a symbol of a clean leaf on which history is written, and where it turns only the person. Also, Major provides many opportunities for further modulations, both in the bembol and the dieting direction.

Using Music Symphony No. 7 in movies

To date, "Leningrad Symphony" is rarely used in cinema, but this fact does not reduce the historical significance of the work. Below are films and serials in which you can hear fragments of the famous essay of the twentieth century:

• "1871" (1990);
• "Military Field Romance" (1983);
• "Leningrad Symphony" (1958).

"... then, on August 9, 1942, we realized that we would lose the war. We felt your strength capable of overcoming hunger, fear and even death ... "
Former soldiers of the Army Army Group, participating in Leningrad Blocade

Symphony Orchestra meets guards warriors in Leningrad

On August 9, 1942, the great work of Dmitry Shostakovich was first sounded in Blocade Leningrad, the 7th Leningrad Symphony was called. Performed with the symphony of the Great Symphony Orchestra of Leningrad Radio Comit.

In the days of the blockade of Leningrad, many orchestrants died of hunger. In this regard, in December 1941, all rehearsals were minimized. When in March 1942 rehearsals resumed, only 15 weakened musicians could play in the orchestra, but despite this, concerts resumed in the blockade city. To fill the number of orchestra from the front, missing musicians were withdrawn. In May 1942, the plane delivered to the northern capital score of the symphony.

The performance of the Symphony of Power was given an exceptional importance. Despite the art freshers and air strikes, all crystal chandeliers were lit in the philharmonic: the hall was solemnly lit. The audience Bitcho stuck in the auditorium. There were also sailors, armed infantrymen, and air defense fighters, and the mooring regulars of Philharmonic - representatives of the Leningrad cultural intelligentsia.

The execution of the "Leningrad" symphony lasted 80 minutes. All this time, German weapons were silent: by order of General Govalov, Soviet artillerymen were able to completely suppress the main firing points of the German artillery in the course of a special operation "Shkwa".

Calculation of the zenith 85-mm gun on the embankment of Leningrad

A new product of the Great Soviet composer Dmitry Shostakovich to the depths of the soul shocked listeners: many of them wept, without hiding their tears. Great music managed to express what the people have united at that time. It was all: faith in victory, sacrifice, limitless love for their city and to their country. During the execution, music from the philharmonic was broadcast on the radio, as well as on the loudspeaker reproductors of the urban network. She was heard not only residents of the city, but also the Hitler's troops precipitated Leningrad. As then they said, the Germans were distraught when heard this music. They believed that the city was dead ...

The composition of the orchestra: 2 flutes, alcoholic flute, flute piccolo, 2 bouse, English horn, 2 clarinet, clarinet-piccolo, bass clarinet, 2 fagot, counterpart, 4 French horn, 3 pipes, 3 trombone, tube, 5 Litavr, Triangle, Tuben, Small drum, plates, big drum, tames, xylophone, 2 harp, piano, string.

History of creation

It is not known when it is, at the end of the 30s or in 1940, but at least before the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, Shostakovich wrote variations on a constant topic - Passabal, similar to the plan with Bolero Ravel. He showed her his younger colleagues and students (from the fall of 1937, Shostakovich taught the composition and orchestration in the Leningrad Conservatory). The theme is simple, as if a smiling, developed against the background of a dry beam of a small drum and grow up to huge power. At first she sounded harmless, even somewhat frivolous, but crossed the scary symbol of suppression. The composer postponed this essay without fulfilling and not posing it.

On June 22, 1941, his life, like the life of all people in our country, changed dramatically. War began, the former plans turned out to be crossed. All began to work for the needs of the front. Shostakovich, along with all the stews, duty during air alarm. Making arrangements for concert brigades sent to the existing parts. Naturally, there was no piano on the front, and he shifted the accompaniment for small ensembles, made another needed, as it seemed to him, work. But as always, this unique musician-journalist - as it was from childhood, when the momentary impressions of stormy revolutionary years were passed in music, "began to ripen a major symphony idea dedicated to directly what is happening. He began writing the seventh symphony. In the summer, the first part was completed. She managed to show her closest friend I. Sollertinsky, who was leaving on August 22 to Novosibirsk together with Philharmonic, whose artistic director was many years. In September, already in Leningrad blocked, the composer created the second part, showed it to colleagues. Began work on the third part.

On October 1, at a special order of the authorities, he was sent to Moscow with his wife and two children. From there, after a half months by train, he went on to the east. It was originally planned to go to the Urals, but Shostakovich decided to stay in Kuibyshev (so in those years was called Samara). A large theater was based here, there were many acquaintances who, at first, received a composer with his family to themselves, but very fast leadership of the city highlighted him a room, and in early December - a two-room apartment. It was put in her piano, transmitted during the local music school. It could be continued to work.

Unlike the first three parts created literally on one of the Hania, the work on the final moved slowly. It was sad, anxious in the soul. Mother and sister remained in a besieged Leningrad, who worried the worst, hungry and cold days. The pain for them did not leave for a minute. It was bad without Sollertinsky. The composer was accustomed to the fact that a friend is always near that it is possible to share the most intimate thoughts with him - and this in those days of universal bonds became the greatest value. Shostakovich often wrote to him. He reported literally about everything that could be entrusted to censored mail. In particular, the fact that the final "is not written". It is not surprising that the last part has not been obtained for a long time. Shostakovich understood that in the symphony dedicated to the events of the war, everyone expected a solemn victory apotheosis with a choir, the holiday of the coming victory. But for this there was no reason yet, and he wrote as the heart suggested. It was not by chance that later the opinion was spread that the final significance is inferior to the first part, that the forces of evil turned out to be embodied much stronger than the humanistic principle opposing them.

On December 27, 1941, the seventh symphony was completed. Of course, Shostakovich wanted her favorite orchestra to be performed by the Leningrad Philharmonic Orchestra under the control of Mravinsky. But he was far away in Novosibirsk, and the authorities insisted on an urgent premiere: the execution of the symphony, which the composer called Leningrad and dedicated to the feat of his native city, attached political importance. The premiere took place in Kuibyshev on March 5, 1942. The Bolshoi Theater Orchestra was played under the control of Samuel Samoy.

It is very curious that he wrote about the symphony "Official writer" of that time Alexey Tolstoy: "The seventh symphony is dedicated to the triumph of the human in man. We will try (at least partially) to penetrate the path of musical thinking of Shostakovich - to the Terrible Dark Nights of Leningrad, under the roar of breaks, in the glow of fires, it led him to writing this frank work.<...> The seventh symphony originated from the conscience of the Russian people who made the death fighting with black forces without hesitation. Written in Leningrad, she rose to the size of great global art, understandable on all latitudes and meridians, because she tells the truth about a person in the unprecedented godin of his disasters and tests. Symphony is transparent in its tremendous complexity, she and Surov, and on male lyrics, and all flies to the future, revealing abroad of a person's victory over the beast.

Violins are talking about a bubbonic friend, "there is a misfortune, it is still blind and limited, like that bird that" walks fun in the path of disasters "... In this well-being of the dark depth of unresolved contradictions, the topic of war is short, dry, Clear, similar to steel hook. We are negotiated, the man of the seventh symphony is someone typical, generalized and someone - a favorite author. Nationallyn in the symphony himself Shostakovich, his Russian extensive conscience, who wrapped the seventh symphony on the head of the devastants.

The theme of the war arises alternately and first it looks like some simple and crazy dance, on the exposure of scholars of rats under the shouted rat. As an amplifying wind, this topic begins to break the orchestra, she masters them, grows, grow up. Roughs, with its iron rats, rises due to the hill ... This is moving war. She triumphs in the pilobs and drums, a scream of pain and despair respond to violin. And to you, who was hijacked by the oak railing, it seems: is it really that everything is already afraid and confused? In the orchestra - confusion, chaos.

Not. Man is stronger than the element. String tools begin to fight. Harmony of violins and human voices of the heads, powerful of the roar of donkey leather stretched on the drums. Desperate heartbeat you help harmony celebration. And the violins harmonize the chaos of war, make it make her cave roar.

The damned rat is no longer, it is carried out in a black abyss of time. Only thoughtful and harsh are heard - after so many losses and disasters - the human voice of the Fagota. There is no return to a bubboy happy. Before wounded in the suffering of a person's gaze - the path passed, where he is looking for justification of life.

Blood pours over the beauty of the world. Beauty is not fun, not enough and not festive clothing, beauty is the re-creation and dispensation of wildlife with hands and a human genius. Symphony as if touched by a slight blow to the Great Heritage of the Human Path, and it comes to life.

Average (third - L. M.) Part of the symphony is Renaissance, the revival of beauty from dust and ashes. As if before the eyes of the new Dante of the force of severe and lyrical meditation, the shadows of the Great Art, Great Good, are caused.

The final part of the symphony flies into the future. Before the listeners ... The majestic world of ideas and passions reveals. For this it is worth living and standing. Not about happiness, but about happiness now tells the powerful theme of man. Here - you are picked up by the light, you're like in the whirlwind of it ... and again swing on the azure waves of the Ocean of the future. With increasing tension, you expect ... Completion of a huge musical experience. Violins pick you up, you have nothing to breathe on mountain altitudes, and together with the harmonic beard of the orchestra, in a unthinkable voltage you rushed into a breakthrough, to the future, to the blue cities of the highest dispensation ... "(" True ", 1942, February 16) .

After the Kuibyshev premiere, the symphony was held in Moscow and Novosibirsk (under Mravinsky), but the most wonderful, truly heroic was held under the control of Charles Eliasberg in a besieged Leningrad. To fulfill a monumental symphony with a huge component of the orchestra, musicians responded from military units. Some before starting rehearsals had to be put in the hospital - to bore, to be treated, since all the simple inhabitants of the city were dystrophy. On the day of the performance of Symphony - August 9, 1942 - all the artillery forces of the deposited city were thrown on the suppression of firepoints of the enemy: nothing had to prevent the significant premiere.

And the Belokolone Hall of the Philharmonic was full. Pale, depleted Leningraders filled it to hear the music dedicated to them. The speakers spread it all over the city.

The public of all over the world perceived the execution of the seventh as an event of tremendous importance. Soon, the requests began to send the score from abroad. Between the largest orchestras of the Western Hemisphere, rivalry was broken for the right of the first performance of Symphony. The choice of Shostakovich fell on Tuscany. Through the world covered by the fire of war, a plane flew with precious microfilms, and on July 19, 1942, the seventh symphony was executed in New York. Her victorious procession on the globe began.

Music

First part It begins in clear light to the major wide, epic melody melody, with a pronounced Russian national flavor. It develops, grows, filled with increasing power. The side consignment is also a song. She resembles a soft calm lullaby. The exposure conclusion sounds pacificent. Everyone breathes peace of life. But from somewhere from afar, the fraction of the drum, and then the melody appears: a primitive, similar to the banal charts of chansonteks - the personification of ordinary and vulgarity. It begins the "episode of invasion" (thus, the first part shape is seen with the episode instead of development). At first, the sound seems harmless. However, the topic is repeated eleven times, increasingly intensifying. It does not change melodically, only the texture is compacted, all new tools are joined, then the theme is set out not one-way, but chord complexes. And as a result, it grows into the enormous monster - the crossed car of the destruction, which seems to erase everything alive. But opposition begins. After the powerful climax of reprise comes the overshadled, in condensedly minor paints. Particularly expressive melody of the side party, which made a dreary, lonely. Heard of the expressive Solo of the Fagota. This is no longer lullaby, but rather crying, interrupted by painful spasms. Only in the code for the first time the main party sounds in Major, arguing finally so difficult to overcome the forces of evil.

The second part of - Scherzo - withstand in soft, chamber tones. The first theme set out by string connects the bright sadness and smile, slightly notable humor and self-ferrition. The obobe fulfills the second theme - romance, extended. Then other wind instruments come into. Themes alternate in difficult three-parties, creating an image attractive and light, in which many critics see the musical picture of Leningrad with transparent white nights. Only on average section of the screech appears other, hard features, a caricature, distorted image, performed by feverish excitation, is born. Reprise Scherzo sounds muted and sad.

The third part - Great and penetrated adagio. It opens with a choral entry that sounds like requiem for the dead. It follows the pathetic statement of violins. The second theme is close to the violin, but the timbre of the flute and a more song character transmitted, according to the composer himself, "Eustion of life, worship before nature." The average episode of the part is distinguished by stormy drama, romantic tension. It can be perceived as a memory of the past, the reaction to the tragic events of the first part, exacerbated by the impression of incredit beauty in the second. Reprise begins by a speech of the violins, sometimes he sounds choral, and everything is inspecting in mysteriously rumbleing blows of Tamtam, rustling Tremolo Litavr. Begins the transition to the last part.

At the beginning final - The same barely audible Tremolo Litavr, the quiet sound of violins with surges, muffled signals. There is a gradual, slow picking forces. In the twilight MGL, the main theme is born, full of indomitable energy. Its deployment is colossal in scale. This is an image of struggle, folk anger. It is replaced by an episode in the rhythm of Sarabanda - the sad and majestic, as the memory of the fallen. And then the steady climb towards the celebration of the Symphony's conclusion, where the main theme of the first part, as a symbol of the world and the coming victory, sounds dazzling in pipes and trombones.

Symphony number 7 "Leningrad"

15 Symphony Shostakovich make up one of the greatest phenomena of musical literature XX century. Several of them carry a certain "program" associated with stories or war. The idea of \u200b\u200b"Leningrad" arose from personal experience.

"Our victory over fascism, our coming victory over the enemy,
My favorite city of Leningrad, I dedicate my seventh symphony "
(D. Shostakovich)

I speak for everyone who died here.
In my rows of deaf their steps,
Their eternal and hot breath.
I speak for everyone who lives here,
Who passed fire, and death, and ice.
I say how your flesh, people,
By right of divided suffering ...
(Olga Bergolts)

In June 1941, fascist Germany invaded the Soviet Union and, soon, Leningrad was in the blockade, which lasted 18 months and entailed countless deprivation and death. In addition to those killed during bombing, more than 600,000 Soviet citizens died of hunger. Many frozen or died due to lack of medical care - the number of victims of the blockade is estimated almost in a million. In the departed city, underwent terrible deprivation along with thousands of other people, Shostakovich began working on his symphony number 7. He has not devoted to anyone before anyone, but this symphony has become an offer to Leningrad and its inhabitants. The composer was moving love to his native city and these truly heroic times of struggle.
Work on this symphony began at the very beginning of the war. From the first days of the war, Shostakovich, like many of his countrymen, began to work for the needs of the front. He snapped the trenches, duty at night during air alarm.

Making arrangements for concert brigades going to the front. But, as always, this unique musician-journalist in the head has already matured a major symphony idea dedicated to everything that is happening. He began writing the seventh symphony. In the summer, the first part was completed. He wrote the second in September already in the blockade Leningrad.

In October, Shostakovich, together with his family, was evacuated in Kuibyshev. Unlike the first three parts created literally in one breath, the work on the final moved badly. It is not surprising that the last part has not been obtained for a long time. The composer understood that a solemn victory finale would be expected from the symphony dedicated to the war. But for this there was no reason yet, and he wrote as the heart suggested.

On December 27, 1941, the symphony was completed. Starting with the fifth symphony, almost all the creations of the composer in this genre were performed by the beloved orchestra - the orchestra of the Leningrad Philharmonic under the control of E. Mravinsky.

But, unfortunately, the Orchestra of Mravinsky was far away in Novosibirsk, and the authorities insisted on an urgent premiere. After all, the symphony was dedicated by the author of the native city. She was given political importance. The premiere took place in Kuibyshev performed by the Bolshoi Theater orchestra under the control of S. Samoyud. After that, the symphony was performed in Moscow and Novosibirsk. But the most wonderful premiere took place in a besieged Leningrad. Musicians for her execution were collected from everywhere. Many of them were exhausted. I had to put them in the hospital before starting rehearsals - to feed, to be treated. On the day of the performance of Symphony, all artillery forces were thrown on the suppression of the firing points of the enemy. Nothing was to prevent this premiere.

The Philharmonic Hall was full. The audience was the most diverse. Sailors arrived at the concert, armed infantry, dressed in fuzzy fighters of air defense missions, who had evolved philharmonic regulars. The performance of symphonies lasted 80 minutes. All this time, the enemy's gun was solely: artilleryrs who defended the city were ordered - by all means to suppress the fire of German guns.

The new work of Shostakovich shocked the listeners: many of them wept, without hiding tears. Great music managed to express what was united in that difficult time: faith in victory, sacrifice, limitless love for its city and country.

During the performance of symphony, the radio was broadcast, as well as on the loudspeakers of the urban network. She was heard not only residents of the city, but also the German troops precipitated Leningrad.

On July 19, 1942, the symphony was sounded in New York, and after that her victorious procession on the world began.

The first part begins with a wide, epic melody. It develops, grows, filled with increasing power. Remembering the process of creating a symphony, Shostakovich said: "Working on the symphony, I thought about the greatness of our people, about his heroism, about the best ideals of mankind, about the beautiful qualities of a person ..." All this is embodied in the topic of the main party, which is relative to the Russian heroic topics intonation, bold broad melodic moves, heavy unison.

The side consignment is also a song. She looks like a calm lullaby song. The melody is as if dissolved in silence. Everyone breathes peace of life.

But from somewhere from afar, the fraction of the drum, and then a melody appears: a primitive, similar to couples - an expression of ordness and vulgarity. As if moving puppets. So begins the "episode of invasion" - a stunning picture of the invasion of destructive power.

At first, the sound seems harmless. But the topic is repeated 11 times, more and more intensifying. The melody does not change it, it only gradually thinks of the sound of all new and new tools, turning into powerful chord complexes. So this topic, which first seemed not threatening, and stupid and vulgar, turns into a colossal monster - the crossed car of destruction. It seems that she will erase the powder all living on its way.

The writer A. Tolstoy called this music of the "dating scholars of rats under Dudka rats". It seems that the scholars of rats, the submissive will of the rat, come into battle.

The episode of invasion is written in the form of variations on the constant theme - passcast.

Even before the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, Shostakovich wrote variations on a constant topic, similar to the plan with Bolero Ravel. He showed her his disciples. The topic is simple, as if by a smiling, which accompanies the battle of a small drum. She smasted to huge power. At first she sounded harmless, even frivolous, but grown into a terrible suppression symbol. The composer postponed this essay without fulfilling and not posing it. It turns out that this episode is written earlier. So what did the composer wanted to portray them? A terrible march of fascism in Europe or the attack of totalitarianism on personality? (Note: Totalitarian is called the regime in which the state dominates all the parties to the life of society, in which there is violence, the destruction of democratic freedoms and human rights).

At that moment, when it seems that Iron Mahina is moving right on the listener, there is an unexpected. The opposition begins. A dramatic motive appears, which is called the motive of resistance. The music is heard in music, screams. As if a grand symphonic battle is played.

After powerful climax, reprise sounds gloomy and gloomy. The topic of the main party in it sounds like a passionate speech facing all mankind, full of the great power of protest against evil. Particularly expressive melody of the side party, which became dying and lonely. Here appears an expressive Solo of the Fagota.

This is no longer lullaby, but rather crying, interrupted by painful spasms. Only in the code, the main party sounds in Major, as if claiming overcoming the forces of evil. But the fraction of the drum was heard. War still continues.

The following two parts are designed to show the spiritual wealth of man, the power of his will.

The second part is a scherzo, weathered in soft colors. Many critics in this music have seen the picture of Leningrad with transparent white nights. This music combines smile and sadness, light humor and self-ferrition, creating an image attractive and light.

The third part is the magnificent and heartfelt adagio. His choral opens - a kind of requiem for the dead. It follows the pathetic statement of violins. The second topic, according to the composer, transfers "Eustion of life, worship over nature." The dramatic middle of the part is perceived as a memory of the past, the reaction to the tragic events of the first part.

The final begins barely audible Tremolo Litavr. As if the forces were gradually going. So the main topic is prepared, full of indomitable energy. This is an image of struggle, folk anger. It is replaced by an episode in the rhythm of Sarabanda - again the memory of the fallen. And then the slow ascent begins to the celebration of the completion of symphony, where the main theme of the first part sounds in pipes and trombones as a symbol of peace and future victory.

Like a wide variety of genres in the works of Shostakovich, in the warehouse of his talent, he, above all, a composer-symphony. It is characterized by a huge scale of detention, a tendency to generalized thinking, conflict severity, dynamism and strict development logic. Especially brightly, these features manifested themselves in his symphony. Peru Shostakovich belongs to fifteen symphony. Each of them is a page of the history of the people of the people. The composer was not in vain called the music chronicle of his era. And not an impassive observer, as if on top of overlooking everything that happens, and a person, who is subtricted by the shocks of his era, who lives the lives of his contemporaries, involved in everything that happens around. He could say about herself with the words of the Great Goethe:

- I'm not a spectator outsiders,
A Participant of Earth Affairs!

As no other, he was distinguished by the responsibility of everything that happens to his native country and its people and even wider - with all humanity. Thanks to this susceptibility, he was able to catch the features characteristic of that era and reproduce them in highly artistic images. And in this respect, the symphony of the composer is a unique monument of human history.

August 9, 1942. On this day, the famous execution of the seventh ("Leningrad") Symphony of Dmitry Shostakovich took place in a besieged Leningrad.

The organizer and conductor spoke Karl Ilich Eliasberg - the chief conductor of the orchestra of the Leningrad Radio. Until the symphony was performed, not a single enemy shell fell to the city: by order of the commander of the Leningrad Front, Marshal was saying all the enemy points were suppressed in advance. The guns were silent while the music of Shostakovich sounded. She was heard not only residents of the city, but also the German troops precipitated Leningrad. After many years after the war, the Germans said: "Then, on August 9, 1942, we realized that we would lose the war. We felt your strength capable of overcoming hunger, fear and even death ... "

Starting from execution in blockade Leningrad, symphony had a huge campaign and political importance for the Soviet and Russian authorities.

On August 21, 2008, the fragment of the first part of the symphony was executed in the Destroyed Georgian troops of the South Ossetian city of Tskhinval orchestra of the Mariinsky Theater under the control of Valery Gergiev.

"This symphony is a reminder to the world that the horror of the blockade and bombing of Leningrad should not repeat ..."
(V. A. Gergiev)

Presentation

Included:
1. Presentation of 18 slides, PPSX;
2. Music sounds:
Symphony number 7 "Leningradskaya", op. 60, 1 part, mp3;
3. Article, DOCX.