"Apotheosis of War" Vereshchagin turned out to be a favorite picture of the director of the Nikolaev Museum. "Apotheosis of War" - Central Blizzard of the Turkestan series of artist Vereshchagin who wrote a picture of the apotheosis of war
"Apotheosis of war" is not just a picture, it is a sentence to the militarists of all times and peoples. Wars are the liberation, saints. But Basil Vasilyevich Vasilyevich Vereshchagin replaces the prisoners: on the frame there is an inscription on the dedication of this work to conquerors as a former, so current and future.
Picture creation history: Two versions
"Apotheosis of the war" - a picture that acquired such a powerful timeless sound that both versions allegedly pushing the artist to create a masterpiece seem ridiculous.
According to the first, women of two cities - Damascus and Baghdad - turned with a complaint with Tamerlan on their husbands, sinners and depressants. And this exceptional decency, the person prone to Monogamy took a deep to the heart of Babia Durign and destroyed 200 thousand people, from the skulls of which 7 pyramids were folded. Destroyed the ally brutals: skulls are traces of bullets and saber shocks. It should be assumed that the deceived wives remained very satisfied with the seen and infinitely thanked Timur. Perhaps the legend was a kind of PR-stroke, justifying the attendants of one of the ten most cruel conquerors in the centuries.
The second option also testifies to the cruelty of Tamerlane, who ordered the severe traveler's head to put on the very top of the pyramid from the skulls of the people executed earlier. Obviously, both cases took place, which indicates the cruelty of both men and women, but they were private.
"Horrors of war"
The picture "Apotheosis of War" really had the initial name "Tamerlant Celebration", but the planetary tragedy of the canvas raised him over the borders and time. The greatest Russian artist is not a battle in the full sense of the word, he has neither slender rows of the coming, nor gloss of weapons. He, like Goya, shows the "horrors of war" (the so-called series of the Great Spaniard), tragedy, dirt and enduring cruelty. Not many geniuses can pass all this in one work.
And the name "apotheosis of war" is selected surprisingly accurately. The winner's death looks from the canvas: the scorched land, trees that will never be depleted, the dead city away, the disfigured remains of the inhabitants and defenders of the fortress in the foreground and its symbols and satellites - the Rorone, which still hopes to get better in this dead place .
Cloth-revelation
The picture is impossible to describe in words: she shakes. The strength of its impact on normal people is so high that the Prussian general advised Alexander II to burn it, so that everyone who seen the picture did not turn into pacifists. Yes, and the Russian emperor was very unhappy with the work, obviously, he believed that such canvas kill patriotism, the desire to fight at all, including to protect their homeland. Here is the apocalyptic sound reached in this work V.V. Vereshchagin. "Apotheosis of the war", painting, written in 1871, is included in the Turkestan series (1871-1874), which appeared as a result of the artist's travel in 1867-1870. V. Vereshchagin participated in hostilities and was awarded the Order of St. George for the fight under Samarkand.
All the pictures of this series are very good ("Gate Tamerlan", "Portrait of Bachi", "deadly wounded"). But, of course, the central work was the picture-revelation "Apotheosis of War". Vasily Vereshchagin, who has already shown a series in London (the exhibition was in a crystal palace), put the condition for the acquisition of the entire entire series. In 1874, P.M. Tretyakov bought it for 92 thousand silver.
Evaluation of contemporaries
All the best people of that time, looking at the picture, appreciated it very high. V.V. Stasov, enthusiastically opposing the canvas, called Vereshchagin by a historian and judge of mankind. Kramskaya was a high opinion and about the picture, and about the artist itself, the first to show the involvement of the war. Some works of the series were indignant, they were called slander (the picture "Forgotten"). Many even progressive artists, such as Perov and Repin, found the Turkestan series of alien in Russian art.
However, over time, the opinion of Kramsky won. He said that one of the best representatives of Russian realism - Vereshchagin. "Apotheosis of War", like the whole series, is one of the highest achievements of the Russian school of painting, its brilliant success. According to Kramsky, the exhibition in which the Turkestan series took part, brought Russia more conquests than its territorial successes.
The significance of the web
It should be noted that Vasily Vereshchagin made claims not to some abstract conquerors, he briefly and himself specifically for participating in hostilities. He wrote about this in a letter to Stasov. And therefore, they do not surprise the words that the canvas of the Turkestan series make the heart fill in pride, because "Russian Vereshchagin". So highly appreciated the Kram "apotheosis of war".
Description It can be completed by the fact that, according to the same Kramsky, the artist managed to achieve a single color range in the picture that the canvas of 127 x 197 cm is decoration of the Vereshchagin's hall in the Tretyakov Gallery. Death and war revenged the artist-accuser: the battleship, in which Vasily Vereshchagin went to the Russian-Japanese war, blew up on Mine in 1904.
Oil / canvas (1871)
Description
According to another version, the famous painting "Apotheosis of War" was created by Vereshchakin under the impression ...
The picture was written in 1871. Initially, the canvas was called "Tamerlan Celebration", the plan was associated with Tamerlan, whose troops were left behind such pyramids of the skulls, but the picture is not concrete-historical. According to the story, once a woman turned to Tamerlan and Damascus, who complained about their husbands, mired in sins and debauchery. Then Tamerlan ordered each soldier from his 200 thousandth army to bring the Breevantry's husband's head. After the order was executed, 7 pyramids from the heads were laid.
According to another version, the famous "Apotheosis of War" picture was created by Vereshchakin under the impression of a story about how the Kashgar - Valikhan Torah executed the European traveler and ordered his head to put on the top of the pyramid, folded from the skulls of other executed people. In 1867, Vereshchagin went to Internolestan, where he consisted of an ensign in the Turkestan Governor-General Kaufman. Russia then conquered Turkestan and Vereshchagin looked at death and corpses that caused compassion and philanthropy. In Turkestan, a well-known Turkestan series appeared, where Vereshchagin, the artist - the battalist, depicted not only the fighting, but also the nature and scene of the life of Central Asia. And after the trip to the Western China in 1869, where the troops of Bogdyman mercilessly doubt the heaven of local Donggan and Uigurov, and a picture of the "apotheosis of war" appeared.
"Apotheosis of war" is one of the brightest program works of Vereshchagin. The picture shows a pyramid from human skulls against the background of a destroyed city and charred trees, among the grilled steppe; Around the pyramid are crowned crows. All the details of the picture, including the yellow flavor of the canvas, symbolize death and emptying. Clear blue sky emphasizes the dead of the picture. The idea of \u200b\u200b"apotheosis of war" also pronounced scars from the saber and holes from the bullets on the turtles.
The picture "Apotheosis of War" was written by Vasily Vereshchagin in 1871. At the contemporaries of the artist, she made a strong impression, but more than a hundred years later before her stop, reflecting on life and death. "Apotheosis of the war" can be called the program product of Vereshchagin.
Currently, the work is located in the State Tretyakov Gallery. And art historians continue to argue about the history of the scene, finding all new confirmations or refutations then one, then another version.
Vasily Vasilyevich Vereshchagin is most famous as an artist-battalist. He was born in 1842 in Cherepovets, finished the Sea Cadet Corps, he served for a short time, then he entered the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts, he studied painting in Paris.
In 1867, Vereshchagin went to Turkestan, where in the rank of ensign consisted of an artist with Governor-General K. P. Kaufman. "I went because I wanted to know what a true war, which I read a lot and heard ...", "the artist wrote. Here he was planted well-known "Turkestan series", in which later the battle scenes later depicted, but the moments preceding the battle or the following. He also wrote the nature and scenes of the life of residents of Central Asia. However, at war, Vereshchagin did not just contemplated what was happening to capture it after on paper. Change the pencil on the gun, he participated in the battles, stood along with the soldiers and officers the siege of Samarkand, received the Order of St. George of the 4th grade. But in any conditions I made sketches.
Returning from Turkestan, Vereshchagin in 1871 leaves for Munich, where, on the basis of etudes and brought collections, it works hard on Turkestan plots. In the final form, the "Turkestan series" included thirteen paintings, eighty-one etude and one hundred and thirty-three drawings. In this composition, it was shown at the first personal exhibition of Vereshchagin in London in 1873, and then in 1874 in St. Petersburg and Moscow.
A number of battle paintings were united by the artist in the series, which he called "Barbaras". The picture "Apotheosis of War" is included in it, and it in turn is part of the Turkestan Series.
The picture shows a pyramid from human skulls against the background of a destroyed city and charred trees among the grilled steppe. Flocks of hungry birds are circling over the pyramid, sit on the skull. All parts of the canvas, including a grayish-yellow flavor, symbolize death and emptying, transmit the feeling of the dried sun, dead nature. Clear blue sky only emphasizes the dead of the picture. Only crows live here - symbols of death in art.
"Apotheosis of war" in symbolic form tells about the horrors of the war, which brings only grief, destruction, destruction. In it, the artist sternly condemns all the grip wars, driving death.
Famous Russian art critic Vladimir Stasov wrote so "apotheraposis of war":
"Here, it's not just that exactly the skill of Vereshchagin wrote a dry biased steppe with his brushes and among her the pyramid of skulls, with a fluttering corners, looking for another surviving, maybe a piece of meat. Not! There was something more precious and higher than the extraordinary Veresgino virtuality of the paint: it is a deep sense of historian and judge of mankind ... "
Several versions of creating a picture
Initially, the canvas was called "Tamerlan Celebration". There are several versions about what the artist inspired to create this picture. According to one of them, he wanted to show the story of Tamerlana wars, after hiking, only piles of skulls and empty cities remained.
According to another version, everything is also associated with Tamerlane, the artist depicted a story in which women Baghdad and Damascus complained to the leader to the fact that their husbands were mired in debauchery and drunkenness. Tamerlan ordered each of his 200,000 warriors to bring the head of wicked. After the order was executed, seven pyramids were laid out of the heads. This version is less believable, as it is weakly echoes and first and with the second name of the picture.
Through the third version, Vereshchagin created this picture after heard that the ruler of Kashgar Valikhan Torah executed the European traveler and ordered his head to the top of the pyramid, folded from the skulls of other executed people.
It is also believed that the picture was inspired by the ruthless suppression of the Tamerlan Uygur's uprising in the west of China. However, round traces of bullets in the turtles eloquently testify - Tamerlan is not related to this picture. In addition, the illusion of the Middle Ages dispends the inscription made by the artist on the frame: "Dedicated to all great conquerors - past, present and future."
Vereshchagin's paintings offered to burn
"Apotheosis of War" made an oppressive impression on the largest public in Russia and abroad. The imperial courtyard found it and other battles of the artist are disclosed by Russian military. One general of Prussia even persuaded Alexander II to burn all the paintings of the Vereshchagin about the war, because they have "the most disastrous influence." Because of this, the works of the masters were not sold, only the private pages of the Tretyakov bought several cavetles from the Turkestan series.
Vasily Vereshchagin did not die in his bed. At the beginning of the Russian-Japanese war, the artist again drove there, where battered battered. In the Pacific Ocean at the external Ride of Port Arthur, he died at the explosion of mines on the Petropavlovsk cornight, along with Admiral Makarov.
Unfortunately, modern man is so accustomed to violence and deaths occurring daily around the world that no one will not surprise anyone with mass murders. To create "apotheosis of war", Vereshchagin had only a few skulls, which he portrayed in various angles. Vereshchagin did not know that in order for the pyramid from human heads to be stable, skulls should be without the lower jaw. However, the terrifying realities of the twentieth century make us all sad "experts" in this matter.
Stock Illustration Taken from the Internet
Reviews
Very good text: cognitive and simple, without false beautiful. I was lucky: I saw this picture in Tretyakovka in 1970. The canvas is significantly less than expected. But the impression is strong. This masterpiece is as iconic as the pigeon of the world Picasso. And rightly, what to look unpleasant: this is the artist and sought. Thanks to the author, sketch, which reminded such apotheosis. In the Donbasse now you can add such a pyramid from the skulls of Russians and Ukrainians.
The picture "Apotheosis of War" was written by Vasily Vereshchagin in 1871. At the contemporaries of the artist, she made a strong impression, but more than a hundred years later before her stop, reflecting on life and death. "Apotheosis of the war" can be called the program product of Vereshchagin. Currently, the work is located in the State Tretyakov Gallery. And art historians continue to argue about the history of the scene, finding all new confirmations or refutations then one, then another version.
Vasily Vasilyevich Vereshchagin is most famous as an artist-battalist. He was born in 1842 in Cherepovets, finished the Sea Cadet Corps, he served for a short time, then he entered the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts, he studied painting in Paris.
In 1867, Vereshchagin went to Turkestan, where in the rank of ensign consisted of an artist with Governor-General K. P. Kaufman. "I went because I wanted to know what a true war, which I read a lot and heard ...", "the artist wrote. Here he was planted well-known "Turkestan series", in which later the battle scenes later depicted, but the moments preceding the battle or the following. He also wrote the nature and scenes of the life of residents of Central Asia. However, at war, Vereshchagin did not just contemplated what was happening to capture it after on paper. Change the pencil on the gun, he participated in the battles, stood along with the soldiers and officers the siege of Samarkand, received the Order of St. George of the 4th grade. But in any conditions I made sketches.
Returning from Turkestan, Vereshchagin in 1871 leaves for Munich, where, on the basis of etudes and brought collections, it works hard on Turkestan plots. In the final form, the "Turkestan series" included thirteen paintings, eighty-one etude and one hundred and thirty-three drawings. In this composition, it was shown at the first personal exhibition of Vereshchagin in London in 1873, and then in 1874 in St. Petersburg and Moscow.
A number of battle paintings were united by the artist in the series, which he called "Barbaras". The picture "Apotheosis of War" is included in it, and it in turn is part of the Turkestan Series.
Plot
The picture shows a pyramid from human skulls against the background of a destroyed city and charred trees among the grilled steppe. Flocks of hungry birds are circling over the pyramid, sit on the skull. All parts of the canvas, including a grayish-yellow flavor, symbolize death and emptying, transmit the feeling of the dried sun, dead nature. Clear blue sky only emphasizes the dead of the picture. Only crows live here - symbols of death in art.
"Apotheosis of war" in symbolic form tells about the horrors of the war, which brings only grief, destruction, destruction. In it, the artist sternly condemns all the grip wars, driving death.
Famous Russian art critic Vladimir Stasov wrote so "apotheraposis of war":
"Here, it's not just that exactly the skill of Vereshchagin wrote a dry biased steppe with his brushes and among her the pyramid of skulls, with a fluttering corners, looking for another surviving, maybe a piece of meat. Not! There was something more precious and higher than the extraordinary Veresgino virtuality of the paint: it is a deep sense of historian and judge of mankind ... "
Several versions of creating a picture
Initially, the canvas was called "Tamerlan Celebration". There are several versions about what the artist inspired to create this picture. According to one of them, he wanted to show the story of Tamerlana wars, after hiking, only piles of skulls and empty cities remained.
According to another version, everything is also associated with Tamerlane, the artist depicted a story in which women Baghdad and Damascus complained to the leader to the fact that their husbands were mired in debauchery and drunkenness. Tamerlan ordered each of his 200,000 warriors to bring the head of wicked. After the order was executed, seven pyramids were laid out of the heads. This version is less believable, as it is weakly echoes and first and with the second name of the picture.
Through the third version, Vereshchagin created this picture after heard that the ruler of Kashgar Valikhan Torah executed the European traveler and ordered his head to the top of the pyramid, folded from the skulls of other executed people.
It is also believed that the picture was inspired by the ruthless suppression of the Tamerlan Uygur's uprising in the west of China. However, round traces of bullets in the turtles eloquently testify - Tamerlan is not related to this picture. In addition, the illusion of the Middle Ages dispends the inscription made by the artist on the frame: "Dedicated to all great conquerors - past, present and future."
Vereshchagin's paintings offered to burn
"Apotheosis of War" made an oppressive impression on the largest public in Russia and abroad. The imperial courtyard found it and other battles of the artist are disclosed by Russian military. One general of Prussia even persuaded Alexander II to burn all the paintings of the Vereshchagin about the war, because they have "the most disastrous influence." Because of this, the works of the masters were not sold, only the private pages of the Tretyakov bought several cavetles from the Turkestan series.
Vasily Vereshchagin did not die in his bed. At the beginning of the Russian-Japanese war, the artist again drove there, where battered battered. In the Pacific Ocean at the external Ride of Port Arthur, he died at the explosion of mines on the Petropavlovsk cornight, along with Admiral Makarov.
Unfortunately, modern man is so accustomed to violence and deaths occurring daily around the world that no one will not surprise anyone with mass murders. To create "apotheosis of war", Vereshchagin had only a few skulls, which he portrayed in various angles. However, in modern history there are already cases when painted by the artist are recreated in practice. Vereshchagin did not know that in order for the pyramid from human heads to be stable, skulls should be without the lower jaw. However, the terrifying realities of the twentieth century make us all sad "experts" in this matter.
Never been in favor of the rulers. It is clear: instead of depicting the battle scenes in the palace style, where complete enthusiasm soldiers in new uniforms are robbed into battle, and the Schiegual generals Garcel on the renewed horses, he painted suffering, devastation, wounds and death. Being a professional military, the artist found himself in 1867 in Turkestan. Imperial Russia just led the seizure of the territories and "packed" the local peoples, so Vereshchagin was widowed by the corpses. His answer to the armed conflict as such was the canvas "apotheosis of war".
It is believed that the picture was inspired by the ruthless suppression of the Uigur's uprising in the west of China. According to another version, she was inspired by stories about how the Kashgar ruler executed people thousands and folded their skulls in the pyramid. Among them was the European traveler, whose head was crowned by the top of this terrible Kurgan. At first, the painting "Apotheosis of War" was called "Tamerlan Celebration", but round traces of bullets in the turtles were inevitably sent by the observationary viewer in later times. In addition, the illusion of Middle Ages dispelled the inscription made by the artist on the frame: "Dedicated to all great conquerors - past, present and future."
"Apotheosis of War" made an oppressive impression on the largest public in Russia and abroad. The imperial courtyard found this and other battle canvas by the artist by the Russian military, and one General from Prussia even persuaded Alexander II to burn all the paintings of the Vereshchagin about the war, because they provide the "most disastrous influence." Because of this, the works of the masters were not sold, only the private pages of the Tretyakov bought several cavetles from the Turkestan series.
The picture "Apotheosis of War" shows a kurgan from against the background of the scorched ground steppe. Ruins of the city in the background and the core of burnt trees complement the type of destruction, launch, death. Cloudless, glittering blue sky only aggravates the oppressive impression of the canvas. The yellow color, in which the work is made, and the black crow, circling over the chest skulls, as if they make us feel the body odor outgoing under the scorching sun. The picture is because perceived as an allegory of war, every war, out of time and space.
This is not the only cloth about the horrors of wartime, which was written by Vereshkin. "Apotheosis of war" can be called and his second picture, which appeared somewhat later, when the artist traveled to India. At that colonializers severely suppressed Sipaev's uprising. To rush over the Hindu beliefs about dispelling the dust over the sacred, they tied a few rebels to the cannons and shot them with powder charges. The "English execution in India" canvas was sold in New York to a private person at auction and since then the trace disappeared.
Unfortunately, modern man is so accustomed to violence and deaths occurring daily around the world that no one will not surprise anyone with mass murders. To create "apotheosis of war", Vereshchagin had only a few skulls, which he portrayed in various angles. However, in Cambodia in practice they recreated painted by the artist. Vereshchagin did not know that in order for the pyramid from human heads to be stable, skulls should be without the lower jaw. However, the terrifying realities of the twentieth century make us all sad "experts" in this matter.