In 1846-1849. Ostrovsky is intensively working to create a large comedy, whose name has changed during the creative process: "Insolvenitive debtor" - "bankrupt" - "His people - to think!". But the success of the first experience was the impetus for intensive work in a dramatic genus - "Pictures of family happiness", read on February 14, 1847, before very competent connoisseurs at the apartment of Professor Shevyrev.

If the first dramatic experience of the Ostrovsky brought him a confession, then the comedy "his people - to think!" Put it in a number of the best Russian playwrights. March 17, 1850, immediately after the comedy comedy (she was published in the Moskvatian magazine) Hervega from Paris from Paris Georgi Herverg about the letter of Granovsky from Russia: "He writes that a new comedy appeared, written by a young man, some Ostrovsky ... His comedy - cry of anger and hatred against Russian morals: He responds about this work as a devilish success; The play was forbidden, her name "His people will tear!".

Indeed, Ostrovsky's play was printed with great difficulty, and there could be a speech about the scenic embodiment. The play was awarded the highest condemnation: "... In vain printed, it is natural to prohibit ..." It is natural that the reissue of the comedy became possible only after the death of Nicholas I, in 1859, and even then with significant changes and a new prosperity, in which "Plok" was punished. In this softened form of the play in the 60s appeared on stage (earlier than just - April 18, 1860 - in the Voronezh Cadet Corps). In 1861, she was put by the Alexandrinsky Theater in St. Petersburg and Small - in Moscow, and only from 1881 it was allowed to represent the Comedy of Ostrovsky in the text of the first edition.

Naturally, the main reason for such a difficult path to the reader and the viewer was the content of the content and moral uncompromisingity of the young author. According to the fair remark V. Ya. Lakshin, the author of the monograph on Ostrovsky, the keyword for understanding the comedy is a hoax: "Cheating in" Bankrupt "acts as a secret spring of the whole life."

The rich Moscow merchant Samson is powroad, striving to become even richer, decides to declare himself as an insolvent debtor, imitate bankruptcy. In order to be false ("malicious") the nature of the bankruptcy was not established, he rewrites his condition - the house and shops in the name of the main clerk - Lazaror Elizarycha Podkhalyuzin, who, according to his own words, "poked, fed instead of his father's father, led them." Podkhaluzin, however, is not as simple as he seems to be his benefactor. At least, he knows the two features of Bolshaya - a man of experienced, grated and everybody, very non-unfortunate, which make it extremely vulnerable. First, Samson is the power of a fall on flattering, and Podkhaluzin does not get tired of flattery. Secondly, (and this is the main thing) Most like True Samodor does not like to change their decisions and recognize mistakes.

The daughter of Bolshova, Samsonovna Olympiad, Lipochka - the girl for granting, before focusing on the thoughts of the bridegroom, that she, in her own expression, "Ryabit Melancholy in the eyes", but she needs a noble, preferably military, and not a merchant: " Then, did I am so raised: I studied in French, and on Fortopian, and dance! ". However, Samson Power, touched by the flattest speeches of Podkhaluzin, decides to be a benefactor to the end and gives a sticky for his clerk. As for the desires of the sticky itself, they are little worried by the majority: "My brainchild: I want to have a porridge, I want to smell but oil." However, the sticky is quickly changing anger to mercy, having received a promise of fully independence from parents and the opportunity to buy the most expensive outfits. The house and shops, rewritten in the name of the clerk, is largely given instead of the dowry, advising at the same time not to rush when calculating creditors, achieving the greatest benefit.

Very soon, however, the Bologna will have to reap the fruits of self-use. When it comes to the "pit" - a debt prison, Podkhaluzin is in no hurry to help out his father-in-law, following his advice - to bargain with creditors. Not the slightest sign of pity for the Father is not experiencing a sticky, enjoying the situation of a married woman. The final of the play expressively confirms the ironic meaning of her name "His people - to tear!" Moral rudeness, undeveloped, primitivism, self-esteem - such is the extension of the patriarchal merchant life in the image of a young playwright. The first comedy was evidence of the spiritual maturity of the writer.

Source (in reducing): Russian literary classic of the XIX century: Tutorial / Ed. A.A. Sligno and V.A. Switter. - Voronezh: Native speech, 2003

The writing

The play "His people will tear up", on which A. N. Ostrovsky worked from 1846 to 1849, became the debut of a young playwright. The initial name of the work is "bankrupt" - gives an idea of \u200b\u200bthe plot of the play. Her protagonist, a burned merchant merchant, thinks and implements an unusual science. He declares himself a barmist, although this is not really not.

Thanks to this, the deception is largely calculated to get rich even more. But to him "unorded", and about the state of his work perfectly aware of the order of Podkhaluzin. The main character makes the clerk with his accomplice, but does not take into account one - Podhaliazin is even more fraudster than the big. As a result, an experienced merchant, a thunderstorm of the entire city, "remains with a big nose" - Podkhaluzin takes on all his condition, and still marries the only daughter Lipochka.

In my opinion, in this comedy, the Ostrovsky spoke in many ways as the successor of the traditions of N. V. Gogol. So, for example, the "manner" of the great Russian comedograph is felt in the nature of the conflict of the work, in the fact that there are no positive heroes here (laughter can be called the only one "hero").

But, at the same time, "his people - to think" - a deep innovative work. This recognized all the "literary" contemporaries of Ostrovsky. In his play, the playwright used a completely new material - he brought to the scene of merchants, showed life and morals of their environment.

In my opinion, the main difference between "his people - to tear up" from the Pieces of Gogol is the role of comedy intrigue and the attitude of those acting. There are characters and whole scenes in the island comedy, which are not only not needed for the development of the plot, but, on the contrary, slow down. However, these scenes are no less important for understanding the work than an intrigue based on the imaginary bankruptcy of the majority. They are necessary in order to fully describe the life and morals of merchants, the conditions in which the main action proceeds.

For the first time, Ostrovsky uses the reception, repeating in almost all of its plays, is a deployed slow down exposure. In addition, some characters of the work are introduced into the play at all in order to somehow develop the conflict. These "bedrooms" (for example, Swachy, Tishka) are interesting for themselves, as representatives of the household environment, morals and customs: "Other owners have a boy, so lives in the boys - therefore, there was a bench at the shop. And we have there, then here, the whole day of Sharbai on the pavement as a treated. " It can be said that these heroes complement the image of the merchant world in small, but bright, colorful strokes.

Thus, the daily, ordinary is interested in Ostrovsky-playwater not less than something from a series of outgoing (Scam Bolshaya and Podkhaluzin). Thus, the conversations of the wife and daughter of the majority about the outfits and grooms, the move between them, the gross of the old nannika perfectly convey the usual atmosphere of the merchant family, the circle of interests and dreams of these people: "You did not teach - outsiders; completeness, please; You yourself, admit to say, are not raised by anything. " "Uym, hey, dumb, shameless! You will bring me out of patience, I'll go straight to the father, so in my feet and bother, living, I will say, there is no daughter, Samsonushko! "; "... We walk everything under the fear; Togo and looked, drunk will come. And what good one, Lord! It will be born after all by Edaki mischievous! " etc.

It is important that the speech of the characters becomes here them an internal characteristic, an accurate "mirror" of life and morals.

In addition, the island is often inhibits the development of events, considering it necessary to show what his characters think about, in which their verbal form, their reflections are checked: "That's the trouble! Here it is where the trouble came to us! What now eat something? Well, bad thing! Not to transfer now insolvent to appear! Well, put something to the owner and will remain, and I will do something? " (Podhaluzin's reasoning), etc. In this play, thus, for the first time in Russian drama, the dialogues of the actors became an important means of moralization.

It is worth noting that some critics considered the widespread use of island household details violation of the laws of the scene. An excuse, in their opinion, could only serve that the novice playwright was the discoverer of merchant life. But this "violation" subsequently became the law of Ostrovsky's Dramaturgia: already in his first comedy, he joined the sharpness of intrigue with numerous domestic details. Moreover, the playwright not only did not refuse this principle subsequently, but also developed, seeking the maximum aesthetic action of both the terms of his plays - a dynamic plot and static "conversational" scenes.

Thus, the play by A. N. Ostrovsky "His people will tear!" - This is an accusatory comedy, the first satir of the playwright on the moral medium. The playwright, for the first time in Russian literature, showed the life of Zamoskvorechye - the life and morals of Moscow merchants, their views on life, dreams and aspirations. In addition, the first Island play defined his creative manner, techniques and methods, with the help of which he subsequently created such dramaturgical masterpieces as the "thunderstorm" and "idleness".

The play "His people will tear up", on which A.N. Ostrovsky worked from 1846 to 1849, became the debut of a young playwright. The initial name of the work is "bankrupt" - gives an idea of \u200b\u200bthe plot of the play. Her protagonist, a burned merchant merchant, thinks and implements an unusual science. He declares himself a barmist, although this is not really not.

Thanks to this, the deception is largely calculated to get rich even more. But to him "unorded", and about the state of his work perfectly aware of the order of Podkhaluzin. The main character makes the clerk with his accomplice, but does not take into account one - Podhaliazin is even more fraudster than the big. As a result, an experienced merchant, a thunderstorm of the entire city, "remains with a big nose" - Podkhaluzin takes on all his condition, and still marries the only daughter Lipochka.

In my opinion, in this comedy, the Ostrovsky spoke in many ways as the successor of the traditions of N.V. Gogol. So, for example, the "manner" of the great Russian comedograph is felt in the nature of the conflict of the work, in the fact that there are no positive heroes here (laughter can be called the only one "hero").

But, at the same time, "his people - to think" - a deep innovative work. This recognized all the "literary" contemporaries of Ostrovsky. In his play, the playwright used a completely new material - he brought to the scene of merchants, showed life and morals of their environment.

In my opinion, the main difference between "his people - to tear up" from the Pieces of Gogol is the role of comedy intrigue and the attitude of those acting. There are characters and whole scenes in the island comedy, which are not only not needed for the development of the plot, but, on the contrary, slow down. However, these scenes are no less important for understanding the work than an intrigue based on the imaginary bankruptcy of the majority. They are necessary in order to fully describe the life and morals of merchants, the conditions in which the main action proceeds.

For the first time, Ostrovsky uses the reception, repeating in almost all of its plays, is a deployed slow down exposure. In addition, some characters of the work are introduced into the play at all in order to somehow develop the conflict. These "bedrooms" (for example, Swachy, Tishka) are interesting for themselves, as representatives of the household environment, morals and customs: "Other owners have a boy, so lives in the boys - therefore, there was a bench at the shop. And we have there, then here, the whole day of Sharbai on the pavement as a treated. " It can be said that these heroes complement the image of the merchant world in small, but bright, colorful strokes.

Thus, the daily, ordinary is interested in Ostrovsky-playwater not less than something from a series of outgoing (Scam Bolshaya and Podkhaluzin). Thus, the conversations of the wife and daughter of the majority about the outfits and grooms, the move between them, the gross of the old nannika perfectly convey the usual atmosphere of the merchant family, the circle of interests and dreams of these people: "You did not teach - outsiders; completeness, please; You yourself, admit to say, are not raised by anything. " "Uym, hey, dumb, shameless! You will bring me out of patience, I'll go straight to the father, so in my feet and bother, living, I will say, there is no daughter, Samsonushko! "; "... We walk everything under the fear; Togo and looked, drunk will come. And what good one, Lord! It will be born after all by Edaki mischievous! " etc.

It is important that the speech of the characters becomes here them an internal characteristic, an accurate "mirror" of life and morals.

In addition, the island is often inhibits the development of events, considering it necessary to show what his characters think about, in which their verbal form, their reflections are checked: "That's the trouble! Here it is where the trouble came to us! What now eat something? Well, bad thing! Not to transfer now insolvent to appear! Well, put something to the owner and will remain, and I will do something? " (Cancellation of Podkhaluzin), etc. In this play, thus, for the first time in Russian drama, the dialogues of the actors became an important means of moralization.

It is worth noting that some critics considered the widespread use of island household details violation of the laws of the scene. An excuse, in their opinion, could only serve that the novice playwright was the discoverer of merchant life. But this "violation" subsequently became the law of Ostrovsky's Dramaturgia: already in his first comedy, he joined the sharpness of intrigue with numerous domestic details. Moreover, the playwright not only did not refuse this principle subsequently, but also developed, seeking the maximum aesthetic action of both the terms of his plays - a dynamic plot and static "conversational" scenes.

Thus, Piese A.N. Ostrovsky "His people - Treat!" - This is an accusatory comedy, the first satir of the playwright on the moral medium. The playwright, for the first time in Russian literature, showed the life of Zamoskvorechye - the life and morals of Moscow merchants, their views on life, dreams and aspirations. In addition, the first Island play defined his creative manner, techniques and methods, with the help of which he subsequently created such dramaturgical masterpieces as the "thunderstorm" and "idleness".

Introduction

What becomes a classic? What is modern not only writing time. The author left his life, his contemporaries, and the play is of interest, something in it resonates with our experiences. A variety of theatrical figures shares the point of view of those theater researchers who believe that art is engaged in a person, and not the nrats of a specific time, do not kings and subjects, not merchants or nobles.

The classic has already been standing in time. She, as a rule, is a decent story of reading, relationships, interpretations. At a distance measured by years, decades, censes, it becomes clearer, it becomes clear that in the classic work it is a "barrel", and that "branches", if we compare it with a monumentally similar tree, even despite the fact that different times chooses various different times The moments of the same work.

Turning to the classic, we understand that if, even by unclear reasons, the performance failed, then it is obvious that the reason for failure lies in the production, and not in the play itself.

The classic is definitely meaningful. "Passing" works do not worry their time, no matter how helpful are at the time of writing.

E.V. Tables

The purpose of this course work is to study the attitude towards the classical works of modern figures of theatrical art and actors involved in modern productions.

Tasks: Analysis of the play A.N. Ostrovsky "His people will tear up, or bankrupt"; Finding out the reasons for the appeal of the current theater figures to the classical works at the present stage.

The scientific novelty of this research work is determined by the nature of the sources of information and the methods of its interpretation.

A.N. Ostrovsky. Obvious and unknown facts biography

Ostrovsky Alexander Nikolaevich (1823 - 1886) Russian playwright, theatrical figure. Born on April 12 (according to old style - March 31) 1823, in Moscow. Ostrovsky's father graduated from the course in the Spiritual Academy, but he served in the Civil Chamber, and then engaged in private advocate. The hereditary nobility was acquired. The mother he has lost in childhood is from the lowest clergy. I did not receive systematic education. Childhood and part of youth passed in the center of Zamoskvorechye. Thanks to the Large Library of the Ostrian Ostrovsky early met of Russian literature and felt an inclination to the writer, but the father wanted to make a lawyer from him. After graduating from 1840, the gymnasium rate in the 1st Moscow Gymnasium (entered in 1835), the Ostrovsky entered the law faculty of Moscow University, but he failed to finish the course (he studied until 1843). At the request of the Father, he entered the service of the scribe to court. In Moscow courts served until 1851; The first salary was 4 rubles per month, after a while it increased to 15 rubles. By 1846, a lot of scenes from merchant life was already written, and the comedy "Insolvent Debtor" was conceived (for other information, the play was called the "picture of family happiness"; later - "His people are described"). Outline to this comedy and essay "Notes of the Zamoskvoretsky resident" were printed in one of the numbers of the "Moscow City List" in 1847. The text was the letters: "A. O." And "D. G.", that is, A. Ostrovsky and Dmitry Gorez, a provincial actor, who offered him cooperation. Cooperation did not go beyond one scene, and later served as a source of great trouble for the Ostrovsky source, as he gave him to the unfair reinforcements to accuse him in the assignment of someone else's literary work. The literary fame is the island brought a comedy "his people - to tear!" (initial name - "bankrupt"), published in 1850. The play caused approving responses H.V. Gogol, I.A. Goncharov. To standing on the stage of the comedy, the influential Moscow merchants, offended by all his estate, complained to "bosses"; And the author was dismissed from the service and was given under the supervision of the police at the personal order of Nicholas I (supervision was removed only after the top of Alexander II). On the scene of the play was allowed only in 1861. Starting from 1853 and for more than 30 years, the new plays of Ostrovsky appeared in the Moscow Mall and St. Petersburg Aleksandrin theaters almost every season.

From 1856, Ostrovsky becomes a permanent employee of the contemporary magazine. In 1856, when the thoughts of the Great Prince Konstantin Nikolayevich took place a campaign of outstanding writers for the study and description of the various settlements of Russia in industrial and domestic relations, the Ostrovsky took over the study of the Volga from the upwards to the lower. In 1859, in the publication of Count G.A. Kusheleva-Bezborodko, two volumes of Ostrovsky works were printed. This is the publication and served as a reason for the brilliant assessment that the Ostrovsky Dobrolyubs gave and which fastened the glory of the image of the Dark Kingdom. In 1860, "Thunderstorm" appeared in the press, which caused the Dobrolyubov article ("Light of Light in the Dark Kingdom").

From the second half of the 60s, Ostrovsky took up the story of a vague time and entered into correspondence with Kostomarov. In 1863, Ostrovsky was awarded the Uvarov Prize and elected a corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. In 1866 (according to other information - in 1865) in Moscow, he created an artistic circle, which later, who later gave the Moscow scene of many talented figures. In the house of Ostrovsky, I.A. Goncharov, D.V. Grigorovich, I.S. Turgenev, A.F. Pisemsky, F.M. Dostoevsky, I.E. Turchaninov, P.M. Sadovsky, L.P. Kositskaya-Nikulina, Dostoevsky, Grigorovich, M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin, L.N. Tolstoy, I.S. Turgenev, P.I. Tchaikovsky, Sadovsky, M.N. Yermolov, G.N. Fedotova. From January 1866 he was the head of the repertoire of Moscow Imperial theaters. In 1874 (according to other information - in 1870), a society of Russian dramatic writers and opera composers, the permanent chairman of which Ostrovsky remained to death was formed. Working in the Commission "To revise the rules in all parts of the theatrical management", established in 1881 at the Directorate of Imperial Theaters, he achieved many transformations that significantly improved the position of artists.

In 1885, Ostrovsky was appointed head of the repertoire of Moscow theaters and the head of the theater school. Despite the fact that his plays did good fees and that in 1883, Emperor Alexander III complained his annual pension of 3 thousand rubles, the monetary problems did not leave Ostrovsky to the last days of his life. Health has not answered the plans as he put in front of him. Strengthened work quickly exhausted the body; June 14 (according to old style - June 2) 1886 Ostrovsky died in his Kostroma dressing. I buried the writer in the same place, the sovereign from the amount of the Cabinet of 3000 rubles, the widow, inseparably with 2 children, was appointed a pension of 3,000 rubles, and for the upbringing of three sons and daughter - 2400 rubles a year.

After the death of the writer, Moscow Duma arranged in Moscow reading the name of A.N. Ostrovsky. May 27, 1929 A monument to the Ostrovsky was opened before the building of the Small Theater (Sculptor N.A. Andreev, Architect I.P. Mashkov).

Author 47 Pieces (for other information - 49), Translations of William Shakespeare, Italy Frank, Theobaldo Chiconi, Carlo Goldoni, Dzhacometti, Miguel de Servantstes. Among the works - comedies, drama: "Notes of the Zamoskvoretsky resident" (1847), "His people - Treat!" (initial name - "bankrupt"; 1850; comedy), "poor bride" (1851; comedy), "Do not sit down in our sleeves" (1852), "Poverty is not a vice" (1854), "not so live, As I want, "(1854)," In someone else's hangover "(1855, comedy)," Profitable place "(1856, comedy), trilogy about balsamine (1857 - 1861)," Festive sleep to lunch "(1857)," They agreed on the characters "(1858)," pupil "(1858-1859)," Thunderstorm "(1859-1860, drama)," old friend is better than two "(1860)," they gnaw your dogs, someone else's not stick "(1661) , "Kozma Zahorić Minin-Sukhuk" (1861, 2nd edition 1866; Historical play), "Minin" (1862, Historical Chronicle), "Heavy Days" (1863), "Joker" (1864), "Voevode" ( 1864, 2nd edition 1885; Historical play), "Pacific" (1865-1866), "Dmitry Immitable and Vasily Shuisky" (1866; historical play), "Tushino" (1866-1867; historical play), "Vasilisa Melentyeva "(1867, tragedy)," On all sages of pretty simplicity "(1868, comedy)," hot heart "(1868-1869)," Madoney and "(1869-1870)," Forest "(1870-1871)," Not all Kotu Maslyan "(1871)," There was no penny, suddenly Altyn "(1872)," Snow Maiden "(1873; Tale, Opera N.A. Roman Corsakov), "Late Love" (1874), "Labor Bread" (1874), "Wolves and Sheep" (1875), "Rich Brides" (1876), "True Good, happiness is better" (1877), " Belugina's marriage "(1878; written in collaboration with N.Ya. Solovyov)," Last Sacrifice "(1878)," Nonmennica "(1878-1879)," Good Barin "(1879)," Heart is not a stone "(1880) , "Dick" (1880; written in collaboration with N.Ya. Solovyov), "Sleeping" (1881), "on the threshold for business" (1881; written in collaboration with N.Ya. Solovyov), "shines, yes not Heats "(1881; written in collaboration with N.Ya. Solovyov)," Talents and fans "(1882)," without guilt "(1884)," Handsome man "(1888)," not from this world "( 1885; the last Piez is Ostrovsky, printed a few months before the death of the writer); Translation of the ten "InterMedia" of Cervantes, Comedy Shakespeare "Taming Affectionate", "Anthony and Cleopatra" (Translation was not printed), Comedy Goldoni "Coffee", Comedy Frank "Great Banker", Drama Dzhacometty "Family of the Criminal".

The first successes of 1847 are the beginning of the literary activity of Ostrovsky. The newspaper "Moscow City List" printed the scenes from the comedy "Insolvent Debtor." It was an excerpt from an unfinished comedy "bankrupt", (entitled later "his people - we'll find!"). The passage was exceptional success. This forever determined the further life path of Ostrovsky. "I began to consider myself a Russian writer and no doubt and oscillations believed in my vocation," he wrote in an autobiographical note.

The writer Menchinchina so passed his impressions: "What is the charm of" bankrupt "! This is our Russian Tartuf, and he will not give way to his older brother in the dignity of truth, strength, energy. Hooray! We are born theatrical literature! ... "Gogol responded with the praise about the talent of the young playwright:" The most important thing is that there is a talent, and he is heard everywhere ... "

Basic actors: Samson Stoleuch Bolshaya, merchant Agraphen Kondratyevna, his wife Samsonovna Olympiad (Lipochka), their daughter Lazar Olizarych Podheliuzin, Claudsman Ustinya Naumovna, Swashing Sysh PSOCH Rispolinsky, Strangy Tishka, boy in the house

The plot of works: the action takes place in the house of a rich merchant Bolshaya. His daughter, a sticky, the girl on the issuance, dreams of marrying the military. As a last resort, for noble. Rhaha Ustinyi Naumovna Grooms is one better than the other, but even she cannot please everyone immediately - Papyk, Mama and daughter.

The owner of the house - the merchant is largely their problems. It's time to give debts, and although he has enough money, I don't want to pay creditors. With the help of a sales of judicial majors, documents are made from which it follows that it is ravaged. In proof of its bankruptcy translates all the property on the clerk of Podkhaluzin.

The basis of all the works of Ostrovsky. What accuracy and realism is drawn all the characters of the comedy! It would seem that there is nothing interesting and entertaining in this story. But the comedy is not interested in a difficult plot, but the truth of life that is

The comedy "bankrupt" was banned for thirty-two years. Why? The censor M. A. Gideonov wrote in 1849: "All the actors are: a merchant, his daughter, Strankchy, Clauds and Swaha - seizedlands. Conversations are dirty, the whole play is offended for Russian merchants. " Theatrical play of the play:

In the play "Bankrupt" there is no separation on the right and guilty, there are no positive and negative heroes. The theater is not going to denounce the "Dark Kingdom", nor seek in it "Light Light". A funny and sad performance about how one dealer suffered a fiasco parable about lost confidence even to the most close people. A.I. Celebments - Most in the play "His people will find" A.N. Ostrovsky. Small theater.

Razhogatyev, the most striking the popular moral "capital", which was inherited. Becoming a merchant, he is ready for any meanness and fraud towards someone else's people. He learned Torgashesko - the merchant "will not deceive - you will not sell." But something from the former moral obscures in it is still growing. Mainly believes in the sincerity of family relations: they will find their people, they will not let each other.

The comedy as an expression of a typical merchant life is a plot taken from the very thickness of life, from well-known playwright of legal practice and merchant life. Cheating here begins with a small one with the skill of the clerk, tighten to tighten or "chemge" through the hand of Arshin Citz in front of the nose-called buyer; continues a large and risky scam. All this life is based on the mechanisms of deception, and if you do not deceive, you will deceive you this was what Ostrovsky was able to show.