MINSK, 28 Jul - Sputnik. Writer Vladimir Voinovich died at the age of 86, journalist Viktor Davydov and writer Viktor Shenderovich reported on Facebook on Saturday night.

The cause of death of the writer was a heart attack, wrote Davydov.

The wife of the writer Svetlana Kolesnichenko has not yet decided on the exact date and place of the funeral, but suggested that the farewell to Voinovich will take place on Monday, July 30.

Biography of Vladimir Voinovich

Vladimir Voinovich is a famous prose writer, playwright and poet.

© Sputnik / Ilya Pitalev

Voinovich was born on September 26, 1932 in Stalinabad (Tajik SSR; now - Dushanbe, Tajikistan) into a family of journalists. His father was arrested in 1936 and released in early 1941. He returned from the war disabled.

Vladimir was drafted into the army in 1951, where he began to collaborate with an army newspaper. He entered the Literary Institute twice.

The song "Fourteen minutes before the start" made Voinovich famous throughout the country and became the unofficial anthem of Soviet cosmonauts.

I believe, friends, rocket caravans
They will rush us forward from star to star.
On the dusty paths of distant planets
Our traces will remain

In total, Voinovich wrote over 40 songs.

Voinovich wrote his first prose in Kazakhstan, where he went to conquer the virgin lands.

In the late 1960s, Voinovich became an active participant in the human rights movement. His most famous work - the trilogy "The Life and Extraordinary Adventures of the Soldier Ivan Chonkin" - was officially published in the West earlier than in the USSR, where it was distributed only as samizdat.

In June 1981, Voinovich was stripped of his Soviet citizenship for dissident activities. He received German citizenship and lived for 9 years in West Germany and the United States of America, where he worked with Radio Liberty.

In August 1990, Soviet citizenship was returned to the writer, after which he returned to his homeland.

Bibliography of Vladimir Voinovich

Voinovich wrote the dystopia "Moscow 2042", the trilogy of novels about the soldier Ivan Chonkin "The Life and Extraordinary Adventures of the Soldier Ivan Chonkin" (1969-1975) and the story "The Degree of Trust" (1972).

© Sputnik / Sergey Pyatakov

Also among his most famous works are The Contender for the Throne (1979), The Displaced Face (2007), the play The Domestic Cat, Medium Fluffy (1990), the novel Monumental Propaganda (2000), The Portrait Against the Background of Myth. (2002) and "Self-portrait. Novel of my life" (2010).

In 2000, the writer received the State Prize of the Russian Federation for the novel "Monumental Propaganda".

Aphorisms of Vladimir Voinovich

- Big politics mainly consists of small intrigues.

- A rally is such an event when a lot of people gather and some say what they don’t think, while others think what they don’t say.

- Sometimes we dream of something unpleasant, but we do not always want to wake up at the same time. And when unpleasant things happen in life, we always want to fall asleep. And it is right. Because sleep is much richer than life. In a dream, we eat what we want, we have the women we want, in a dream we die and are resurrected, but in life we ​​succeed only in the first half.

- I only talk about what I saw with my own eyes. Or heard it with my ears. Or someone I really trust told me. Or I don't really trust. Or I really don't trust. In any case, what I write is always based on something. Sometimes even based on nothing at all. But everyone who is even superficially familiar with the theory of relativity knows that nothing is a kind of something, and something is also something from which something can be derived.

Contemporary Russian literature

Vladimir Nikolaevich Voinovich

Biography

VOINOVICH, VLADIMIR NIKOLAEVICH (b. 1932), Russian writer. Born September 26, 1932 in Stalinabad (now Dushanbe, Tajikistan) in the family of a teacher and a journalist, after whose arrest in 1937 the family moved to Zaporozhye. As a boy he was a collective farm shepherd; after graduating from a vocational school, he worked at a construction site, served in the army. After unsuccessful attempts to enter the Literary Institute. A.M. Gorky entered the Moscow Pedagogical Institute, from where, from the 2nd year, on a Komsomol voucher, he went to the Kazakh steppes to master the virgin lands.

Back in the early 1950s, while serving in the army, he began to write poetry. With the text of the Song of Cosmonauts ("I know, friends, caravans of missiles ...", 1960), Voinovich gained fame, supported by the publication of the stories We Live Here (1961), Two Comrades (1967; staged by the author), stories I want to be honest (author's title - Who I could become; staged by Voinovich), the play Cat home of average fluffiness (1990; jointly with G. I. Gorin, filmed under the title Hat).

Voinovich's active human rights activities (letters in defense of A. Sinyavsky, Y. Daniel, Y. Galanskov, later A. Solzhenitsyn, A. Sakharov) were combined with work on documentary stories - historical, about Vera Figner (Degree of Trust, 1973), and about his own topical struggle with the nomenklatura bureaucracy for the right to buy a cooperative apartment (Ivankiada, or the Story about the move of the writer Voinovich into a new apartment, 1976; published in Russia in 1988).

In 1974 Voinovich was expelled from the Union of Writers of the USSR, published in “samizdat” and abroad, where he first published his most famous work - the novel The Life and Extraordinary Adventures of the Soldier Ivan Chonkin (1969-1975) with its continuation - the novel The Pretender to the Throne ( 1979), “anecdote” novels, in which, using the example of ridiculous, funny and sad stories that occur with an ordinary soldier Ivan Chonkin, associated with the image of “the gallant soldier Schweik” from the novel by J. Hasek, the true absurdity of the modern being - the suppression of the "higher" and not always understandable "lower" state necessity of simple and natural human desires and destinies, as well as the story Through mutual correspondence (1973-1979).

In 1980 Voinovich went abroad at the invitation of the Bavarian Academy of Arts, since 1981 he has been deprived of his Soviet citizenship, and lives in Munich. Since the beginning of the 1990s, he often comes to his homeland, actively acts as a publicist (the book Anti-Soviet Soviet Union, 1985), showing in this genre the political acute paradoxism of his thinking. This trait, as well as the gravitation of Voinovich's artistic manner towards "collage" and productive eclecticism, was also reflected in the dystopian novel Moscow 2042 (1987), which showed the imaginary Soviet reality of the 21st century brought to the point of absurdity and continues what Voinovich began in the "not very reliable a story about a historical party "Voinovich in a circle of friends (1967) the theme of ridicule of the communist leaders (" Comrade Koba "- IV Stalin, Leonty Ariy - Lavrenty Beria, Lazer Kazanovich - Lazar Kaganovich, Opanas Marzoyan - Anastas Mikoyan, etc.) and in the novel The Concept and the Novel Case No. 34840, published in the late 1990s, where the story of the assassination attempt on Voinovich by KGB officers is conveyed in the writer’s mixture of essayism and biographical documentaryism. Ambiguously perceived by readers and critics and sometimes accused of "antipatriotic" nihilism, Voinovich's works, continuing the satirical traditions of Russian literature (N.V. Gogol, M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin, M.A. Bulgakov) and at the same time absorbing the achievements of modern world dystopia, grotesque socially accusatory prose (O. Huxley, J. Orwell), are characteristic of the 20th century. an example of a successful philosophical and political actualization of fiction.

Vladimir Nikolaevich Voinovich was born in September 1932 in Stalinabad (now Dushanbe). Mom is a teacher, father is a journalist, arrested in 1937, after which the family moved to Zaporozhye. First, the future writer studied at a vocational school, then worked at a construction site, and then served in the army, where he began to write poetry. Right from the second year of the Moscow Pedagogical Institute I went to develop virgin lands in Kazakhstan. Voinovich - the author of songs, stories and plays, as well as documentary stories, was active in human rights activities. In 1974 he was expelled from the Writers' Union of the Soviet Union, so he had to publish in "samizdat" and in foreign publications. In the same place, abroad, his novel "The Life and Extraordinary Adventures of the Soldier Ivan Chonkin" was published, and after that his sequel "Pretender to the Throne". These novels can be called anecdotes, because they tell about the curiosities that happen to the ridiculous soldier Ivan Chonkin.

The Bavarian Academy of Arts invited Voinovich in 1980, and the writer went abroad. The Soviet government deprived Voinovich of Soviet citizenship in 1981, so the writer lived in Munich. Already in the 90s he visited his homeland, wrote articles. In the book "Anti-Soviet Soviet Union" Vladimir Nikolaevich ridiculed the leaders of communism. At the end of the 90s he published the novel "The Concept" and the story "Case No. 34840", in which, in a mixed form of essay and documentary biography, the story of the assassination attempt by the KGB officers on Voinovich was conveyed.

Voinovich's work is perceived ambiguously by readers and critics. The writer tried to continue the satirical traditions of the classics of the paradox - N.V. Gogol, M.A. Bulgakova, M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin. But the features of modern dystopia in his works are on the face.

For more than half a century of his literary career, the writer Vladimir Voinovich is accustomed to being in the center of readers' attention and constantly being in the crossfire zone of literary criticism from ideologically opposed camps. Was the writer himself looking for such a fate? Or did it happen by accident? Let's try to figure it out.

Vladimir Voinovich: biography against the background of the era

The future Russian writer was born in 1932 in the city of Stalinabad, as the capital of sunny Tajikistan, the city of Dushanbe, was called at that time. It will not be an exaggeration to say that Vladimir Nikolaevich Voinovich, whose biography began in a remote province, was initially predisposed to choosing just such a path.

The parents of the future writer were those who devoted their entire lives to journalism. However, the path to independent literary creation turned out to be very distant for him. Despite the fact that his poems were published in provincial large-circulation editions, the first poetic experiments should be recognized as very amateurish. The country was going through a historical period, now known as when Vladimir Voinovich made his debut with the first prose works. Behind there was military service, work on a collective farm and at construction sites, an unsuccessful attempt to enter the literary institute. It was a time of rapid renewal of all social and cultural life. A new generation quickly burst into literature, a prominent representative of which was Vladimir Voinovich. His books were acutely controversial and found a lively response from numerous readers.

Poetic creativity

However, Voinovich received his first fame as a poet. At the dawn of the space age, a song based on his poems "Fourteen minutes before the start" gained wide popularity. It was quoted by Khrushchev himself. For many years this song was considered the unofficial anthem of the Soviet cosmonautics. But despite the fact that Vladimir Voinovich is the author of more than forty songs, prose has become the main direction of his work.

Completion of the "thaw"

After the overthrow of Khrushchev, new times began in Soviet cultural life. Under the conditions of an ideological reaction, it has become very difficult to tell the truth. And it is very unprofitable. But Vladimir Voinovich, whose books managed to win the respect of the widest circle of readers, did not deceive his fans. He did not become opportunistic.

His new, sharply satirical works about Soviet reality diverged in samizdat and were published outside the Soviet Union. Often without the knowledge and permission of the author. The most significant work of this period is "The Life and Extraordinary Adventures of the Soldier Ivan Chonkin". This novel, sustained in an absurdist style, became widely known in the West and was considered anti-Soviet. The publication of this book in the homeland was out of the question. This kind of literature was distributed in the Soviet Union only in typewritten form. And reading and distributing it was prosecuted.

Human rights activities

In addition to literature, Vladimir Voinovich declares himself as an active advocate for the rights of the repressed. He signs various statements and declarations, advocates for the release of political prisoners, and helps their families financially. For his human rights activities, the writer was expelled from the USSR Writers' Union in 1974, which deprived him of the opportunity to earn a living by literary work and practically left him without a livelihood.

Emigration

Despite long-term persecution for political reasons, Vladimir Voinovich found himself abroad only after an attempt on his life by the special services. The writer survived an attempt to poison him in a room at the Metropol Hotel in Moscow. In December 1980, by decree of Brezhnev, he was deprived of Soviet citizenship, to which he responded with a sarcastic satirical comment, which expressed confidence that the decree would not last long. Over the next twelve years, the writer lived in West Germany, France and the United States.

He hosted programs on Radio Liberty, composed a sequel to Ivan Chonkin, wrote critical and publicistic articles, memoirs, plays and scripts. I did not doubt that I would soon return home. Vladimir Voinovich returned to Moscow in 1992, after the destruction of the Soviet Union. It was a difficult time for the country, but there were reasons for hoping not the best.

The famous novel by Vladimir Voinovich "Moscow 2042"

One of the most famous works of the writer is a dystopian satirical novel about the hypothetical future of Russia. Many consider him to be the pinnacle of Voinovich's work. The main character, on whose behalf the story is told, finds himself in a completely absurd, but easily recognizable world of Soviet reality, raised to the level of the highest insanity.

Through the enchanting jumble of various absurdities, familiar realities are everywhere visible. But in Voinovich's novel, they are brought to their logical limit. This book turned out to be something that does not allow you to simply laugh at its content and forget about it. Many readers consider the novel to be prophetic and every day they find more and more similarities between the absurd world depicted in it and the real one. Especially as the distance gradually decreases to the year indicated by the author in the title of the book - "Moscow 2042".

Voinovich, Vladimir Nikolaevich- Vladimir Voinovich. Voinovich Vladimir Nikolaevich (born 1932), Russian writer. In 1980 92 emigrated to Germany. In the novel “The Life and Extraordinary Adventures of the Soldier Ivan Chonkin” (1969 75) and its sequel “Pretender to the Throne” (1979) ... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary

- (b.1932) Rus. owls. prose writer, poet and playwright, better known production. other genres (satirical prose). Genus. in Dushanbe, from the age of 11 he worked on a collective farm, at a factory, served in the army; started early lit. activity. Member SP. In the late 1970s. He joined… … Big biographical encyclopedia

- (b. 1932) Russian writer. In 1980 92 emigrated to Germany. In the novel The Life and the Extraordinary Adventures of a Soldier Ivan Chonkin (1969 75) and its sequel The Pretender to the Throne (1979) satirical ridicule of totalitarianism; the image of ivanushka the fool of the bearer ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

- (b. 1932), Russian writer. In 1980 1992 he emigrated to the Federal Republic of Germany. The novel The Life and Extraordinary Adventures of the Soldier Ivan Chonkin (1969–1975) and its sequel Pretender to the Throne (1979) satirical ridicule of totalitarianism; the image of "Ivanushka ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

Vladimir Voinovich Date of birth: September 26, 1932 Place of birth: Stalinabad, Tajikistan Citizenship: Russia Occupation: prose writer, poet ... Wikipedia

Vladimir Voinovich Date of birth: September 26, 1932 Place of birth: Stalinabad, Tajikistan Citizenship: Russia Occupation: prose writer, poet ... Wikipedia

Vladimir Voinovich Date of birth: September 26, 1932 Place of birth: Stalinabad, Tajikistan Citizenship: Russia Occupation: prose writer, poet ... Wikipedia

Date of birth: September 26, 1932 Place of birth: Stalinabad, Tajikistan Citizenship: Russia Occupation: prose writer, poet ... Wikipedia

Vladimir Voinovich Date of birth: September 26, 1932 Place of birth: Stalinabad, Tajikistan Citizenship: Russia Occupation: prose writer, poet ... Wikipedia

Books

• Life and extraordinary adventures of the soldier Ivan Chonkin. In 2 volumes, Voinovich Vladimir Nikolaevich. This edition presents the famous anecdote novel by Vladimir Nikolaevich Voinovich "The Life and Extraordinary Adventures of the Soldier Ivan Chonkin", the creation of which, according to the author, took ...
• Factor Murzik, Voinovich Vladimir Nikolaevich. This book includes hits of short prose by Vladimir Voinovich, as well as a new story - "The Murzik Factor". In fact, this is the first part of the novel that is being written by the author. Already now, on the basis of one ...

The biography of Vladimir Voinovich at times resembled the pages of an adventure novel about dissidents and spies, a literary star and a boy with a difficult childhood. A modern classic, a person with a solid social position, who is not afraid to express his own opinion, even if it threatens him with obvious problems.

Childhood and youth

Vladimir Nikolaevich Voinovich was born on September 26, 1932 in Tajikistan, in the city that bore the name of Stalinabad, and now Dushanbe, the capital of the republic. When Voinovich had already become a popular writer, he received from a fan of talent a book about the origin of the surname. As it turned out, the family comes from a noble Serbian princely branch.

The father of the future writer served as executive secretary and editor of republican newspapers. In 1936, Nikolai Pavlovich allowed himself to make the assumption that it is impossible to build communism in a single country, and that this can only be done all over the world at once.

For this opinion, the editor was sentenced to five years in exile. Returning in 1941, Voinovich Sr. went to the front, where he was wounded almost immediately, after which he remained disabled. Little Vladimir's mother worked in her husband's editorial offices, and later as a mathematics teacher.

The boy's childhood can hardly be called cloudless and easy. The family often changed their place of residence. Vladimir Nikolaevich was never able to get a full-fledged education, attending school from time to time. Voinovich graduated from a vocational school, first receiving the education of a carpenter (the painstaking work did not suit the young man), and then a carpenter. In his youth, he changed many blue-collar jobs until he joined the army in 1951.

Demobilized in 1955, the young man graduated from the tenth grade of school, studied for a year and a half at the pedagogical institute. Having not received a diploma, he left for the virgin lands. The stormy youth eventually brought the writer to the radio, where in 1960 Voinovich got a job as an editor.

Paintings

"A talented person is talented in everything" - these words can be safely attributed to Voinovich. Since the mid-90s, the writer became interested in painting. Back in 1996, the first personal exhibition of Vladimir Nikolaevich was opened.

Voinovich painted paintings that are exhibited and sold with success. The painter embodied landscapes of cities on canvas, painted still lifes, self-portraits and portraits.

Literature

Voinovich turned to creativity, even when he was serving in the army, where a young man writes his first poems for an army newspaper. After the service, they were published in the newspaper "Kerch Rabochiy", where Vladimir Nikolaevich's father worked at that time.

The first prose works were written by Voinovich during his work on virgin lands in 1958. All-Union fame overtook the writer after the appearance on the radio of the song "Fourteen minutes before the start", the verses to which belong to the pen of Vladimir Nikolaevich. The lines were quoted when meeting the astronauts. Later, the work became a real anthem of the astronauts.

After the recognition of merits at the highest level, Voinovich was admitted to the Writers' Union, he is favored not only by the authorities, but also by the country's most famous authors. This recognition did not last long. Soon the views of the writer, the struggle for human rights stood across the political course of the country.

The beginning was the publication in samizdat, and later in Germany (without the author's permission) of the first part of the novel "The Life and Extraordinary Adventures of the Soldier Ivan Chonkin." The author is under KGB surveillance. Soon after the publication of Ivan Chonkin's adventures abroad, the writer was summoned to a meeting with the committee's agents at the Metropol Hotel.

According to the author, there he was poisoned with a psychotropic substance, after which he felt unwell for a long time. In 1974, the prose writer was expelled from the Writers' Union. However, he was almost immediately accepted into the international PEN-club. In 1980, the author was forced to leave the USSR, and in 1981 Voinovich lost his citizenship.

Before the collapse of the Soviet Union, the prose writer lived in Germany, then in the USA, where he continued his writing career. During this period, the books "Moscow 2042", a satirical dystopia, the writer's vision of communist Moscow, "Anti-Soviet Soviet Union" (published a few years later) were written.

With a keen sense of humor inherent in the author, he ridicules not only the political regime in the Union, but also his fellow writers. Voinovich speaks negatively about making him the prototype of the character in the novel "Moscow 2042". After that, until the end of his life, the writers experienced mutual hostility to each other. It is not surprising that after such works, the author was included in the list of dissidents.

In 1990, citizenship was restored to the writer, and he returned to his beloved homeland. By the way, in an interview, Voinovich repeatedly stated that, in spite of everything, he never tried to leave Russia, until the last moment he tried to stay in the country.

After his return, Voinovich did not cease to participate in social and political events taking place in Russia, as well as to speak sharply about them. The author took the liberal, oppositional side in matters of power, expressing his opinion about the regime of government, about Crimea and its annexation. Vladimir Nikolaevich announced that, in his opinion, the president's "roof is going", as well as the duty of the authorities "to bear responsibility for crimes."

The opposition member has repeatedly drawn up open letters in support of the NTV channel, against hostilities in Chechnya, in support, with a request to release the girl from custody.

The writer was a favorite guest of the Echo of Moscow radio broadcast. The interview and the position of the writer regarding what is happening in the country and the world were published by him on the pages