In which fairy tale the characters of the heroes are given in more detail. Fairy tales

04.07.2020

Read also

Conan Doyle biography Conan Doyle biography brief

Viktor Dragoonsky - biography, photos In which city was Viktor Dragoonsky born

We invite you to familiarize yourself with the characteristics of the fairy-tale characters who are the protagonists of your favorite fairy tales, and maybe you. They will help you to more specifically choose certain fairy tales for your children for correctional purposes. Perhaps you will learn something new and interesting ... Or perhaps you will not agree with something. But acquaintance with the characteristics of the characters will help you in choosing the hero of your own fairy tales for your baby, as well as for general awareness.

Cinderella lives in the kitchen near the stove and sleeps in a box of ash. Ash (ash) represents the essence of what is burnt. Fire is a symbol of destruction, purification and transformation. Cinderella lives next to fire, which transfers its strength to her, and she, in turn, helps her to survive adversity and suffering. Like a fire that turns water into steam, Cinderella recycles, burns out humiliation, resentment and pain, turning them into pure love. You need to have a warm heart so as not to become embittered and harden in soul when you are insulted, humiliated and hated.

Princess Frog

The amphibian frog and Vasilisa the Beautiful are one and the same creature: animal and earthly forces are fused together. Every person has incredible and wonderful possibilities. Merging with the image of Vasilisa the beautiful, you feel omnipotent, harmonious and joyful. the frog, turning into a beauty, realizes its potential, given from birth.

sleeping Beauty

In the days of the Sleeping Beauty, a person perceived and understood the world around him differently. Consciousness never stands still, it develops, and logical thinking had to replace intuitive perception. The spindle is a symbol of spinning. And the processes of spinning and thinking are inherently related. There are still expressions “I lost the thread of reasoning”, “I pulled the thread and remembered everything”. "Spinning" in figurative language means building thoughts, creating a logical chain.

The princess, who, by the curse of an evil fairy, pricks on a spindle and dies (falls asleep), is not ready to easily and quickly switch to a different type of thinking. And she falls asleep to accept this process on an unconscious level.

The Snow Queen

A woman of ice ... Ice is frozen crystallized water. The Ice Queen symbolizes frozen feelings and emotions, stopped movement. Admiring ice crystals, correct lines, geometry of space and time and not feeling the tenderness of a flower, the warmth of the sun, the soft touch of your beloved hands means living with a cold frozen heart. The Snow Queen and her ice castle are at the psychological level detachment, insensitivity, firmness, determination, icy calmness, composure, the ability to control oneself. Are these qualities really that bad? Aren't there situations in life when we need to be cool, balanced and calm? It's just that everything that is superfluous is harmful. And even the most beautiful, in large quantities, tires. And when the mind and feelings are in harmony - what could be better?

The image of the Snow Queen is very useful for children (adults) who are weak and weak-willed, insecure and timid, vulnerable and soft: it will give them strength, firmness, self-confidence, resilience in the face of difficulties. The image of the Snow Queen will also help the overly excitable, temperamental and hot: it will cool the excessive ardor, balance and calm down.

Mermaid

The little mermaid is a child of the element of water and symbolizes the emotional and sensual world. The passionate desire of the Little Mermaid to experience earthly love and spend her life not in water spaces, but on solid land can be associated with the fact that the intangible and invisible seeks to take shape. But life on earth is connected with the Little Mermaid with great pain. It is probably no coincidence that the heroine did not manage to fulfill her dream - to become the beloved and wife of the prince. It would seem that the Little Mermaid deserved her happiness, but did not receive it.

In such cases, you can invite children to compose their own fairy tale and change its end. The technique of changing fairy tales allows you to look at the world around you more optimistically and happily. This is especially important for sad, indecisive, inhibited, and weak children.

Mistress of Copper Mountain

This woman is unusually beautiful, balanced and strong. The stone woman, however, is capable of crying, and is just and compassionate. So why doesn't it bring joy even to good people? Maybe the point is not in the Mistress of the Copper Mountain, but in the person who comes out to fight the stronger, but is not able to withstand the fight? Gems are a symbol of wealth and power. How many are capable of possessing treasures and not having attachment to them, not falling into dependence? The image of the Mistress of the Copper Mountain allows one to feel strong and powerful in a good way, just and at the same time ruthless, powerful and rich.

Light, airy creature, endowed with magical powers. The messenger of fate, the sorceress, the sorceress are her other names. Fairy is a beautiful star creature, a kind of mediator between Space and Earth, the world of people. The fairy is inextricably linked with the light that permeates any space. To feel like a fairy means to have an indestructible belief in yourself, in the power of your thought; to survive the state of a wizard, for whom nothing is impossible.

It got its name from the verb "to know" - to know. Her other titles are witch, knowledgeable, knowledgeable, witch. A witch is, first of all, a witch doctor, a sorceress. She easily commands the diverse forces of nature and any creatures. Unlike a fairy and a good sorceress, a witch uses forces to harm a person or a creature, requires a considerable fee for services, rejoices when she is well herself, radiates anger, envy, tension and brute force (the force of a hurricane, whirlwind, earthquake).

One of the witches. The ancient Slavs in Russia called her a hellish goddess, a terrible goddess who destroys the bodies and souls of people. Baba Yaga is a powerful sorceress, and her hut on chicken legs is something like a walk-through, a kind of bridge between the world of the living and the kingdom of the dead. Only a brave hero, able to overcome the fear of death, can resist Baba Yaga. To incarnate in Baba Yaga, to live her image means to feel power, crushing strength and the absence of fear of death.

Koschei the Deathless

Belongs to the world of the dead. Why is he called immortal? Koschey the Immortal consists of some bones. bones are the hardest, strongest, toughest tissue in the human body, capable of withstanding enormous loads. Bones do not rot or decompose under certain conditions, they are not easily combustible.

Koschey the Immortal symbolizes complete insensitivity and lack of spirituality, rigidity, stereotype, limitation and inertia. At the same time, the image of Koshchei the Immortal helps to gain firmness of mind, fearlessness, unshakable self-confidence, determination and strength.

King (king)

Manages the state, a huge number of people are subordinate to him. At the symbolic level, the king means a certain dominant higher psychic center. To be in a regal state means to feel the unification of all parts of the “I”. To feel like a king means to control your thoughts, emotions, states, to feel responsibility for everything that happens in your “kingdom”.

The supreme regulatory center is responsible and governing. However, unlike the king, she symbolizes women's emotions and feelings.

A wonderful sign of beauty and the flowering of vitality. To more accurately understand the symbolism of a particular flower, describe it for yourself with 3-5 adjectives. These adjectives will mean the state of your soul that you see in a flower. If, for example, take "The Scarlet Flower", then you would like to describe it with such adjectives: beautiful, burning, flaming, scarlet. Is it not true, associated with heart, love? The desire of a merchant's daughter to find a scarlet flower is a desire for love, passion, dedication, heartfelt affection.

Freedom symbol. Living the state of a bird, you can get rid of heavy attachments to desires, feel the state of independence, lightness, airiness and flight.

A simple and mysterious bird at the same time. Ravens are endowed with mystical power and the ability to penetrate supernatural worlds, including the afterlife. Ravens are smart and wise birds. Reincarnated as a crow, it becomes possible to look at the world with different eyes, see the deep and mysterious spheres of life, explore the dark side of your soul and touch inner wisdom.

Martin

The beautiful swift-winged bird is a symbol of spring and renewal, a symbol of new life. It is no coincidence that it was the swallow who brought Thumbelina to a new world, in which the girl found a home, her prince and happiness. To look after the swallow, as Thumbelina did, means to prepare for changes, for the state of spring, joy, happiness.

The white swan symbolizes beautiful and pure thoughts. The swan is a sign of greatness, beauty and grace.

Owl (owl)

A nocturnal bird of prey that sees perfectly in the dark. She symbolizes the unknown and the darkness. Unknown dark spaces are usually terrifying, and therefore people are always afraid of an owl (owl). But it is not for nothing that the owl (owl) is considered a symbol of wisdom. It is his fearless perception of the dark and mysterious side of life that gives depth and wisdom. Eagle owl (owl) is a symbol of transformation, the transition of negative dark states into a calm and harmonious perception of life.

A predatory beast, strong, intelligent and careful. Sometimes he is endowed with such traits as cruelty, ferocity, gluttony and greed. Wolves have a strong sense of family and pack. They are caring parents and partners who feel great about each other. In some tales, the wolf is a bloodthirsty, ferocious and merciless monster, while in others, in particular in Mowgli, it is a caring, attentive and even noble parent. Therefore, the wolf can symbolize different states of the soul.

In Russian fairy tales, he usually acts as an independent intelligent and resourceful creature who can easily defend himself and repulse any beast. Its needles symbolize caution, inaccessibility, closeness, fear of pain and the need for protection.

The hare is considered a symbol of fear, weakness, as well as bragging, unjustified self-confidence. And in many fairy tales, he is really presented that way. However, the fairy tale "Hare Koska and the Spring" shows other sides of the hare's nature: curiosity, playfulness, patience and courage.

An ambiguous and deep image, they are afraid of her, cunning and meanness are associated with her. Biblical motives characterize the snake as a seducer and tempter. The snake has the ability to frequently change skin, and by this it symbolizes rebirth and renewal. Different snakes symbolize different things: a boa constrictor, for example, can symbolize a huge stifling squeezing power and strength, and a viper - perhaps cunning and meanness.

Belongs to the category of amphibious animals and feels equally good in water and on land. She is subject to both the emotional and sensory world, and the material and objective. In different fairy tales, we see different images of frogs. in the fairy tale "The Frog the Traveler" curiosity, the desire for change, boasting and bombast come to the fore; in the fairy tale "The Frog Princess" there is nobility hidden behind the seeming external ugliness.

When interpreting the image of a bear, one should take into account its dual nature. On the one hand, the bear is considered a clumsy, clumsy, heavy creature, on the other hand, the bear is unusually agile and fast. The bear represents cruelty, rudeness, evil force, and at the same time its image is associated with good nature and protection. In the fairy tale "Mowgli" the bear is a symbol of teacher's wisdom, attention, nobility and protection.

She is smart, courageous, fearless, cunning, has a seductive grace and flexibility, noiselessness, patience, and sometimes ruthlessness. The image of a panther will help to balance the existing qualities, give strength, firmness, sobriety, determination and courage.

Many different expressions are associated with the image of a fish: to be silent like a fish, to fight like a fish on ice, like a fish in water ... each of these expressions describes certain actions of a person. The image of a fish is often associated with the "emergence" of deep psychic unconscious information. You can also talk about such character traits as coldness and dispassion. Sometimes the fish symbolizes slipperiness, when the person with whom we are communicating deftly avoids the desired topic, avoids acute moments or situations.

Known for its ability to shed its tail in times of danger and grow a new one over time. Therefore, it is considered a symbol of renewal, reincarnation, resourcefulness and vitality. Perhaps thanks to Bazhov's tales, or perhaps for another reason, the habitats of lizards are associated with deposits of precious stones, gold or treasures. And that is why lizards are considered a symbol of wealth, material gain or reward.

A folk tale is a message from our ancestors, transmitted from time immemorial. Through magic stories, sacred information about morality and spirituality, traditions and culture is conveyed to us. The heroes of Russian folk tales are very colorful. They live in a world full of wonders and dangers. A battle of light and dark forces is going on in it, as a result of which good and justice always triumphs.

Ivan the Fool

The main character of Russian fairy tales is a seeker. He sets off on a difficult journey to get a magic item or a bride, to deal with a monster. At the same time, initially the character may occupy a low social position. As a rule, this is a peasant son, the youngest child in the family.

By the way, the word "fool" in ancient times had no negative meaning. Since the 14th century, it served as a name-amulet, which was often given to the youngest son. He did not get an inheritance from his parents. Older brothers in fairy tales are successful and practical. Ivan, on the other hand, spends time on the stove, since he is not interested in living conditions. He is not looking for money or fame, he patiently endures the ridicule of others.

However, it is Ivan the Fool who is ultimately lucky. He is unpredictable, able to solve non-standard riddles, cunningly defeats the enemy. The hero is characterized by mercy and kindness. He helps those in trouble, lets go of the pike, for which he is awarded magical help. Having overcome all obstacles, Ivan the Fool marries the Tsar's daughter, becomes rich. Behind the unprepossessing clothes, there is an image of a sage who serves good and is wary of falsehood.

Bogatyr

This hero was borrowed from epics. He is handsome, courageous, noble. It often grows "by leaps and bounds." Possesses great strength, is able to saddle a heroic horse. There are many plots where a character enters into a fight with a monster, dies, and then resurrects.

The names of the heroes of Russian fairy tales can be different. We meet Ilya Muromets, Bova Korolevich, Alyosha Popovich, Nikita Kozhemyaka and other characters. Ivan Tsarevich can also be attributed to this category. He enters into battle with the Serpent Gorynych or Koshchey, saddles Sivka-Burka, protects the weak, rescues the princess.

It is significant that the hero sometimes makes mistakes (rudely replies to the oncoming grandmother, burns the frog's skin). Subsequently, he has to repent of this, ask for forgiveness, correct the situation. By the end of the tale, he gains wisdom, finds a princess and receives half a kingdom as a reward for his exploits.

Wonder bride

An intelligent and beautiful girl by the end of the story becomes the wife of a fairytale hero. In Russian folk tales, we meet Vasilisa the Wise, Marya Morevna, Elena the Beautiful. They embody the popular idea of a woman who is the guardian of her kind.

The heroines are distinguished by resourcefulness and intelligence. Thanks to their help, the hero solves ingenious riddles, defeats the enemy. Often, a beautiful princess is subject to the forces of nature, she is able to turn into an animal (swan, frog), to create real miracles. The heroine uses powerful forces for the benefit of her beloved.

The image of a meek stepdaughter who achieves success thanks to her hard work and kindness is also present in fairy tales. The common qualities for all positive female images are loyalty, purity of aspirations and willingness to help.

Which hero of Russian fairy tales is the most beloved and popular among children and adults? The first place rightfully belongs to Baba Yaga. This is a very controversial character with a frightening appearance, a hooked nose and a bone leg. "Baba" in ancient times was called the mother, the oldest woman in the family. "Yaga" can be associated with the Old Russian words "yagat" ("shout loudly, swear") or "yagaya" ("sick, angry").

An old witch lives in the forest, on the border of our world and the other world. Her hut on chicken legs is fenced in with a fence made of human bones. The grandmother flies on a mortar, makes friends with evil spirits, kidnaps children and keeps many magic items from intruders. According to scientists, it is associated with the kingdom of the dead. This is indicated by the loosened hair that women unraveled before burial, the bone leg, and also the house. The Slavs made wooden huts for the dead, which they put on stumps in the forest.

In Russia, ancestors were always respected and they turned to them for advice. Therefore, good fellows come to Baba Yaga, and she tests them. To those who pass the test, the witch gives a hint, shows the way to Koschei, grants a magic ball, as well as a towel, a comb and other curiosities. Baba Yaga does not eat children either, but he puts them in the oven and conducts the ancient rite of "baking". In Russia, it was believed that in this way it was possible to heal a child from an illness.

Koschey

The name of this fabulous hero of Russian fairy tales could come from the Turkic "koshchey", which translates as "slave". The character for three hundred years was chained and held in captivity. He himself also loves to kidnap beautiful girls and hide them in a dungeon. According to another version, the name comes from the Slavic "kostit" (to scold, harm) or "bone". Koschey is often depicted as a skinny old man, more like a skeleton.

He is a very powerful sorcerer, lives far from other people and owns untold treasures. The death of the hero is in the needle, which is reliably hidden in objects and animals, nested in each other like a nesting doll. The prototype of Koshchei may be the winter deity Karachun, who was born from a golden egg. It froze the earth and brought death with it, forcing our ancestors to move to warmer areas. In other myths, Koshchei was the name of the son of Chernobog. The latter could control time and commanded the army of the underworld.

This is one of the most ancient images. The hero of Russian fairy tales differs from foreign dragons by the presence of several heads. Usually their number is a multiple of three. The creature can fly, spews fire and kidnaps people. It dwells in caves, where it hides captives and treasures. Often appears in front of a positive hero, coming out of the water. The nickname "Gorynych" is associated either with the character's habitat (mountains), or with the verb "to burn".

The image of the terrible Serpent is borrowed from the ancient myths about the dragon that guards the entrance to the underworld. To become a man, a teenager had to defeat him, i.e. perform a feat, and then enter the world of the dead and return back as an adult. According to another version, the Serpent Gorynych is a collective image of the steppe nomads who attacked Russia in huge hordes. At the same time, they used shells of fire that burned wooden cities.

Forces of nature

In ancient times, people personified the Sun, Wind, Month, Thunder, Rain and other phenomena on which their lives depended. They often became heroes of Russian fairy tales, married princesses, and helped goodies. There are also anthropomorphic rulers of certain elements: Moroz Ivanovich, goblin, water. They can play the role of both positive and negative characters.

Nature is portrayed as spiritualized. The well-being of people largely depends on her actions. So, Morozko awards gold and a fur coat to the old man's meek, hardworking daughter, whom her stepmother ordered to be abandoned in the forest. At the same time, her self-serving half-sister is killed by his spell. The Slavs worshiped the forces of nature and at the same time were wary of them, tried to appease with the help of victims, made requests.

Grateful animals

In fairy tales we meet a talking wolf, a magic horse and a cow, a goldfish, a wish-fulfilling pike. And also a bear, a hare, a hedgehog, a crow, an eagle, etc. They all understand human speech and have unusual abilities. The hero rescues them from trouble, bestows life, and in return they help to defeat the enemy.

Traces of totemism are clearly visible here. The Slavs believed that each genus descended from a specific animal. After death, the soul of a person is transferred to the beast and vice versa. For example, in the fairy tale "Burenushka" the soul of a deceased mother is reborn in the form of a cow to help an orphaned daughter. Such an animal could not be killed, because it became a relative and protected from harm. Sometimes the heroes of a fairy tale themselves can turn into an animal or a bird.

Firebird

Many positive heroes of fairy tales are trying to take possession of it. A wonderful bird blinds the eyes, like a golden sun, and lives behind a stone wall in rich lands. Freely floating in the sky, it is a symbol of the heavenly body, which bestows good luck, abundance, and creative power. This is a representative of another world, who often turns into a kidnapper. The firebird steals rejuvenating apples, bestowing beauty and immortality.

Only those who are pure in soul, believe in a dream and are closely connected with deceased ancestors can catch it. Usually this is the youngest son, who had to look after old parents and spent a lot of time near the birthplace.

Thus, the heroes of Russian fairy tales teach us to respect our ancestors, listen to our hearts, overcome fear, go towards a dream, despite mistakes, always help those who ask for help. And then the divine radiance of the magic firebird will fall on a person, transforming him and granting happiness.

purpose of work

All people love fairy tales from early childhood. Thanks to fairy tales, we get a unique opportunity to plunge into the magical world. Getting acquainted with the magical world of fairy tales, we cultivate a love for the word and an interest in reading.

Do we believe in the reality of a fairy tale? We both believe and do not believe, but for some reason we really want to believe in a fabulous miracle in reality, in magic in everyday life. What is a fairy tale and when did it appear? These questions interested me, and I decided to research fairy tales:

1. to get acquainted with the history of folk tales;

2. analyze fairy tales about animals;

3. to identify the main character traits of the heroes of animal tales.

Research objectives

The objectives of my research work are to:

1. study fairy tales about animals;

2. to reveal the characteristics of the character of fabulous animals;

3. to compare the character traits of animals with the character traits of humans;

4. to identify the influence of reading fairy tales on the formation of the child's personality

5. make a presentation "The main character traits of heroes in animal tales"

Object studies are folk tales about animals; the subject of research is the distinctive character traits of the heroes of these fairy tales.

What is a fairy tale?

A fairy tale is an entertaining story about extraordinary events. Fairy tales were created by the people, that's why they are called - Russian folk. They arose in ancient times, when people still did not know how to write and were passed from mouth to mouth, from generation to generation.

All fairy tales are divided into: magic, everyday and animal tales.

Fairy tales about animals have a special meaning. Their heroes are animals, birds and fish, but very similar in character to people. The main task of such tales is to ridicule bad character traits, negative actions and arouse compassion for the weak, offended. For fairy tales about animals, the idea is important that revived nature is able to act independently, animals and plants have the right to their own life.

In fairy tales about animals, the cunning Fox, the evil and stupid Wolf, the cowardly Hare, the proud Rooster, the good-natured Bear and other animals and birds act. Animal tales are generally moralizing and edifying. The beloved hero of such tales - a cunning and a deceiver (fox) - is necessarily opposed to a positive character (bear, hare).

Main part. The main characters of fairy tales about animals and features of their character

1. The main character is the Fox.

The favorite hero of fairy tales about animals is the fox. She is quirky and very cunning, often ready for the most incredible invention. The fox thinks only about her own benefit. The fox is vengeful and vindictive. She revels in revenge, feels complete superiority over the gullible and stupid wolf. How much resourcefulness she has and how much vengeful feeling! Foolishness and credulity are as endless as cunning and calculation. The people endowed her with different names: Lisa Patrikeevna, Kumushka Lisa, Rogue. Fairy tales: "Fox-sister and the wolf", "The cat, the rooster, and the fox", "The Fox and the Hare", "The Bear and the Fox", "Gingerbread Man", "The Fox and the Crane".

2. The main character is the Wolf.

Another hero that the fox often encounters is the wolf. This is the exact opposite of the fox image. In fairy tales, the wolf is stupid, it is easy to deceive him. No, it seems, there is no such trouble, no matter what this hapless, always beaten beast gets into. The image of a wolf in fairy tales is always hungry and lonely. He always finds himself in a funny, ridiculous position. Tales: "The old bread and salt is forgotten", "The wolf and the goat", "The stupid wolf", "The insatiable wolf", "Kolobok".

3. The main character is the Bear

Also one of the main characters in animal tales is a bear. The bear often finds himself in funny situations, but never attacks anyone. The image of the bear, still remaining the main figure of the forest kingdom, appears before us as a slow, gullible loser, often stupid and clumsy, clumsy. He constantly boasts of his exorbitant strength, although he can not always use it effectively. Fairy tales: "The Man and the Bear", "Teremok", "Masha and the Bear", "The Winter House of Animals", "The Bear and the Dog", "The Bear is a Linden Leg."

4. The main character is the Hare.

The hare in Russian folk tales represents a positive hero. In some fairy tales, this is a victim, a weak and helpless hero who is afraid of everything. In others, he appears as a clever sly who, despite fear, is capable of brave deeds. Fairy tales: "Zaykina's hut", "Hares and frogs".

Questionnaire "Russian folk tales about animals in our life" among students in grades 3-5

I conducted a survey "Russian folk tales about animals in our life":

Among classmates (students of grade 3),

Among the students of the 5th grade.

25 people took part in the survey. Of these, 21 people answered that they love to read Russian folk tales about animals.

Research results

After analyzing the data from the questionnaire, I concluded that almost all children know and love Russian folk tales about animals and their main characters. Children are more likely to choose goodies that have a positive impact on the child's behavior. I also learned that reading Russian folk tales about animals has a positive effect on the formation of a child's personality.

Conclusion

In fairy tales about animals, the victory of positive characters over negative ones, the victory of good over evil, is necessarily won. Each animal has its own character, its own distinctive features, but they all personify a person and the characteristics of his warehouse.

Bibliographic reference

Voronkova M.O. MAIN CHARACTERS OF HEROES IN TALES ABOUT ANIMALS // Start in Science. - 2018. - No. 5-1. - S. 93-95;
URL: http://science-start.ru/ru/article/view?id=1068 (date of access: 12/13/2019).

The text of the work is placed without images and formulas.
The full version of the work is available in the "Work files" tab in PDF format

Introduction

1. to get acquainted with the history of folk tales; 2. analyze fairy tales about animals; 3. to identify the main character traits of the heroes of animal tales.

1.2. Research objectives

The objectives of my research work are to:

1.explore animal tales; 2. to reveal the features of the character of fabulous animals; 3. compare the character traits of animals with the character traits of humans; 4. to reveal the influence of reading fairy tales on the formation of a child's personality 5. make a presentation "The main character traits of heroes in animal tales"

Object studies are folk tales about animals; subject research is a distinctive character trait of the heroes of these tales.

Introduction. What is a fairy tale?

All fairy tales are divided into: magic, everyday and animal tales. Fairy tales about animals have a special meaning. Their heroes are animals, birds and fish, but very similar in character to people. The main task of such tales is to ridicule bad character traits, negative actions and evoke compassion for the weak, offended. For fairy tales about animals, the idea is important that revived nature is able to act independently, animals and plants have a right to their own life.

3. The main part. The main characters of fairy tales about animals and features of their character

3.1. The main character is Fox.

The favorite hero of fairy tales about animals is the fox. She is quirky and very cunning, often ready for the most incredible invention. The fox thinks only about her own benefit. The fox is vengeful and vindictive. She revels in revenge, feels complete superiority over the gullible and stupid wolf. How much resourcefulness she has and how much vengeful feeling! Foolishness and credulity are as endless as cunning and calculation. The people endowed her with different names: Lisa Patrikeevna, Kumushka Lisa, Rogue. Fairy tales: "Little fox-sister and the wolf", "The cat, the rooster, and the fox", "The Fox and the Hare", "The Bear and the Fox", "Gingerbread Man", "The Fox and the Crane".

3.2. The main character is the Wolf.

3.3. The main character is the Bear

Also one of the main characters in animal tales is a bear. The bear often finds itself in funny situations, but never attacks anyone. The image of a bear, still remaining the main figure of the forest kingdom, appears before us as a slow, gullible loser, often stupid and clumsy, clumsy. He constantly boasts of his exorbitant strength, although he may not always use it effectively. Fairy tales: "The Man and the Bear", "Teremok", "Masha and the Bear", "The Winter House of Animals", "The Bear and the Dog", "The Bear is a Linden Leg."

3.4. The main character is the Hare.

Questionnaire "Russian folk tales about animals in our life" among students in grades 3-5

I conducted a survey "Russian folk tales about animals in our life":

among classmates (students of grade 3),

among students of grade 5.

25 people took part in the survey. Of these, 21 people answered that they love to read Russian folk tales about animals.


What are your favorite fairy tale characters?
Which of them do you consider a positive hero?
Who is the negative hero?
What do animal stories teach?	Kindness and wisdom	Honesty and fairness	Responsiveness	Friendship and loyalty

Research results

Conclusion

List of used literature

1. Afanasyev A.N. "Russian folk tales", M., 2010.

2. Anikin V.P. Russian folktale. M., 1984.

3. Vedernikova N.M. Russian folktale. M., 1975.

4. Russian folk tales / in the processing of M. Bulatov, I. Karnaukhova - M .: 2014

IN fairy tale before the listener appears a different, than in fairy tales about animals, a special, mysterious world. Extraordinary fantastic heroes act in it, good and truth overcome darkness, evil and lies.

"This is the world where Tsarevich Ivan rushes through the dark forest on a gray wolf, where the deceived Alyonushka suffers, where Vasilisa the Beautiful brings scorching fire from Baba Yaga, where the brave hero finds the death of Kashchei the Immortal."

Some of the fairy tales are closely related to mythological representations. Images such as Frost, Water, Sun, Wind are associated with the elemental forces of nature. The most popular Russian fairy tales are: "Three Kingdoms", "The Magic Ring", "Finista's Feather - the Falcon is Clear", "The Frog Princess", "Kashchei the Immortal", "Marya Morevna", "The Sea Tsar and Vasilisa the Wise", " Sivka-Burka "," Morozko "and others.

The hero of a fairy tale is courageous, fearless. He overcomes all obstacles in his path, wins victories, conquers his happiness. And if at the beginning of the tale he can act as Ivan the fool, Emelya the fool, then at the end he necessarily turns into the handsome and young Ivan Tsarevich. This was pointed out in his time by A.M. Bitter:

"The hero of folklore - a" fool ", despised even by his father and brothers, always turns out to be smarter than them, always the winner of all everyday adversities." 2

The positive hero is always helped by other fairy-tale characters. So, in the fairy tale "Three Kingdoms" the hero is selected into the world with the help of a wonderful bird. In other fairy tales, the heroes are helped by Sivka-Burka, the Gray Wolf, and Elena the Beautiful. Even such characters as Morozko and Baba Yaga help the heroes for their hard work and good manners. In all this, popular ideas about human morality and ethics are expressed.

Next to the main characters in a fairy tale, always wonderful helpers: Gray wolf, Sivka-Burka, Ovebalo, Opivalo, Dubynya and Usynya, etc. They possess wonderful means: flying carpet, running boots, self-assembled tablecloth, invisible hat. The images of goodies in fairy tales, helpers and wonderful objects express folk dreams.

The images of women-heroines of fairy tales in the folk performance are unusually beautiful. They say about them: "Not in a fairy tale, not to describe with a pen." They are wise, possess witchcraft power, possess remarkable intelligence and resourcefulness (Elena the Beautiful, Vasilisa the Wise, Marya Morevna).

The opponents of goodies are dark forces, terrible monsters (Kashchei the Immortal, Baba Yaga, Dashing one-eyed, Serpent Gorynych). They are cruel, insidious and greedy. This is how the people's idea of violence and evil is expressed. Their appearance sets off the image of the positive hero, his feat. Storytellers spared no pains to emphasize the struggle between light and dark principles. In its content and in its form, a fairy tale carries elements of the miraculous, the unusual. The composition of fairy tales is different from the composition of animal tales. Some fairy tales begin with a saying - a playful joke that is not related to the plot. The purpose of the saying is to attract the attention of the audience. It is followed by an opening that begins the narrative. It transports the audience into a fairy-tale world, designates the time and place of the action, the setting, the characters. The tale ends with an ending. The narrative develops sequentially, the action is given in dynamics. Dramatically tense situations are reproduced in the structure of the tale.

In fairy tales, episodes are repeated three times (Tsarevich Ivan fights on the Kalinov Bridge with three snakes, Ivan saves three beautiful princesses in the underworld). They use traditional artistic means of expressiveness: epithets (good horse, valiant, green meadow, silk herbs, azure flowers, blue sea, dense forests), comparisons, metaphors, words with diminutive suffixes. These features of fairy tales echo with epics, emphasize the brightness of the narrative.

An example of such a fairy tale is a fairy tale "Two Ivan - soldiers' sons".

The beginning of the fairy tale is replete with everyday pictures and reminds little of magical circumstances. It contains the usual everyday information: there was a man, the time has come - he went to the soldiers, in his absence twins-boys were born, who were named Ivan - "soldier's sons". Thus, in this tale there are two main characters at once. Nothing wonderful, magical is happening in it yet. The story is about how children learn, how they comprehend literacy, "lordly and merchant children were gagged in the belt." In the development of the action, a plot is outlined when the fellows go to the city to buy horses. This scene is filled with elements of a fairy tale: the brothers tame the stallions, like fairy heroes possess heroic strength. With a "good whistle" and a loud voice, they return the stallions who have run away into the field. The horses obey them: "The stallions came running and stood in place, as if rooted to the spot." The main characters of the tale are surrounded by special objects that emphasize their heroism (heroic horses, three hundred poods each with sabers). It is also wonderful that they received these objects from a gray-haired old man who brought them out their horses by opening a cast-iron door in a big mountain. He brought them two heroic sabers. This is how peasant children turn into heroes. The good fellows got on their horses and drove off.

The fairy tale includes images of crossroads, pillars with inscriptions that determine the choice of the path and the fate of the brothers. The objects accompanying the brothers turn out to be wonderful, for example, the handkerchiefs symbolizing death, which they exchanged. The narrative is framed by stable fabulous formulas. One brother reached a glorious kingdom, married Nastasya the Beautiful and became a prince. "Ivan Tsarevich lives in joy, admires his wife, gives order to the kingdom and amuses himself with animal hunting." 3

And the other brother "rides day and night tirelessly, and a month, and another, and a third." Then Ivan unexpectedly finds himself in an unfamiliar state.

In the city he sees great sadness. "The houses are covered with black cloth, people stagger as if sleepy" 4. The twelve-headed serpent, which emerges from the blue sea, from behind a gray stone, eats a person at a time. Even the king's daughter is being taken to eat the snake. The serpent personifies the dark forces of the world with which the hero fights. Ivan rushes to the rescue. He is brave, knows no fear and always wins in battle. Ivan chops off all the heads of the snake. The magic-fairy element is enhanced by the description of nature, against the background of which a serpent appears: "Suddenly a cloud moved, the wind rustled, the sea stirred - the serpent comes out of the blue sea, rises up the mountain ..." 5. Ivan's duel with the snake is described succinctly.

Repetitive verbs give the action swiftness: "Ivan bared his sharp saber, swung, struck and cut off all twelve heads of the serpent; he raised a gray stone, put his heads under the stone, threw his torso into the sea, and returned home, went to bed and slept for three days." ... 6

It would seem that this is where the tale should end, the plot is exhausted, but suddenly new circumstances are woven into it with the introduction of a character from the royal entourage - a water carrier, whose thoughts are mean and base.

The situation is getting worse. Climax arrives 7. The water carrier acts as the "savior" of the princess, who, on pain of death, forced her to recognize him as the savior. The episode is repeated two more times with the other two daughters of the king. The tsar granted the water carrier to the rank of colonel, then to the general, and, finally, he married his youngest daughter.

And Ivan fights the monster three times, the water carrier threatens to kill the tsar's daughters three times. However, the story ends with the hero's victory, evil is punished, the water carrier is hanged, truth is triumphant, the youngest daughter is married to Ivan. This episode of the tale ends with the well-known saying: "The young began to live, live, and make good money."

The story in the fairy tale again returns to another brother - Ivan Tsarevich. It tells how he got lost on a hunt and met an ugly monster - a red maiden, the sister of a twelve-headed snake, who turned into a terrible lioness. She opens her mouth and swallows the prince whole. An element of reincarnation appears in the tale. A wonderful object comes to the aid of the hero - his brother's handkerchief, announcing what has happened. The search for my brother begins. The tale repeats the description of the hunt and the hero's actions. Ivan, the peasant's son, finds himself in the same environment as Ivan Tsarevich, but remains alive thanks to a wonderful helper - a magic horse. The red maiden pouted as a terrible lioness and wanted to swallow the good fellow, but a magic horse came running, "wrapped his legs around her," and Ivan forced the lioness to throw Ivan Tsarevich out of herself, threatening to chop her to pieces.

An extraordinary miracle in a fairy tale and living water that rescues and revives Ivan Tsarevich. The tale ends with an ending: Ivan Tsarevich remained in his state, and Ivan, a soldier's son, went to his wife and began to live with her in love and harmony.

The tale "Two Ivans - Soldiers' Sons" combines all the elements of a fairy tale: composition, three-time repetition of episodes and actions of the heroes, the development of the plot, positive characters and the opposition of negative monsters to them, wonderful transformations and objects, the use of pictorial and expressive means (permanent epithets, stable folklore formulas). In the tale, good is affirmed and evil is debunked.

It is interesting to note that the text of the tale has a continuation (Russian folk tales by AN Afanasyev, no. 155). Here is the text:

"At some time, Ivan came out - a soldier's son to take a walk in an open field; he comes across a small child and begs for alms. A few days later the same thing happened to Ivan Tsarevich: he went out into the garden for a walk, and towards him an old man bows low and begs for alms; the prince gives him a gold one. The old man accepts alms, but pouts himself. grabbed Ivan Tsarevich and tore it to pieces. So the powerful heroes perished, their snake sister wore out. " eight

The good feelings of Ivan, a peasant son, who took pity on the beautiful maiden's snake sister and let her go, were punished by the death of his brothers. Although such a tragic ending is generally not typical for fairy tales.