In Mr. Korolenko the blind musician is a problem. Moral problems in the story
The teacher offers to formulate a conclusion on the analysis of this episode.
(discussion in groups, 1 person speaks from the group)
1. At first glance, it may seem that Maxim is cruel to the boy's mother, but this is not so. He knew how to treat such people, they should not be pitied, they should learn to overcome difficulties on their own, you cannot protect them from life. We need to help them find their place in life, overcoming illness
2. Thus, Maxim wanted to see his nephew happy, living a full-blooded life, and not a whiner, speculating on his misfortunes.
And in this he will help him.
Make a logical chain of events that show Petrus growing up under the influence of Maxim and his own outlook on life.
A logical chain reception is introduced. (Work in groups, then advertising /
(Music by Joachim - piano - Evelina - ringer - way to the monastery - wedding - birth of a child)
What link in the chain turned the whole life of our hero abruptly? (the first love)
So, Petrus realized that a person must fight for the right to be a person, despite the circumstances.
Why the key scene in the story is the meeting of Peter and Evelina.
Chapter 8 (the teacher reads in order to form the emotional perception of the text of a work of art
What is love for Peter?
Did he know about her?
(discussion in groups, those who wish to speak)
(Yes, since childhood, but love is the pity of the mother, the wise love of Maxim, he is used to selfishly using all this, Evelina's love is something else.)
Peter goes through a difficult life path: finding the meaning of life, love, recognition.
Can Peter be called a happy person? (Yes)
3. STAGE OF REFLECTION
Let's go back to your stories about happiness written at the beginning of the lesson. Did your idea of happiness match what you learned today?
(discussion in groups, presentations by moderators)
Could Petrus have made a different choice in life? And what is choice anyway?
The technique of joint written reflection is introduced
Write a letter on behalf of the blind musician Petrus to all people who are about to make their choice in life.
1. Young generation, I appeal to you. Every person has to make his own choice in life. I made it and chose the longest and happiest road. I wish everyone a lot of love, happiness and joy in life. Let the first love meet in your life, then life will be much better. Each person should have their own opinion and their own goal, if there is no goal, then there is nothing to live for, and happiness and love are the most important thing.
Happiness is not in material wealth.
2. Enjoy life, hope for a good future and go to your goal. Yes, there will be many obstacles on your life path, but do not stop, overcome them, and you will reach your goal, and the station called "Happiness" will be the final station. Do not despair if there is no longer any hope, even I, the blind man, have found my place and achieved happiness in this world. Believe in the best, and this faith will help you.
Homework: write a cinquain on the theme "Happiness"
1. Happiness -
good, good
Comes, surprises, pleases
Happiness is life
2. Happiness -
Unpredictable, long-awaited
Pleases, comes, comes true
The best thing in life
3. Happiness
Beautiful, light
Pleases, amuses, fulfills
Happiness is your life
4. Happiness
human, unforgettable
Achieve, enjoy, wait
You will find it in life
A common part.
Subject: literature
Grade: 5
Lesson topic: Moral problems in V.G. Korolenko "The Blind Musician"
Planned educational results:
a) subject: to learn listening, speaking, writing; learn different types of reading (expressive, fluent, etc.); learn the analysis of a literary text; compiling the characteristics of heroes, comparing the heroes of events.
b) meta-subject: independently set a learning task, goals; construct a statement with reason; understand the content of the read text; draw a literary parallel; characterize the author's properties of the subject, based on the source text.
c) personal: acceptance and development of the social role of the student, development of motives for learning activities and the formation of the personal meaning of learning;education of a sense of beauty and aesthetic feelings on the basis of acquaintance with the national artistic culture;
Solved
learning problems:
- regulatory - to evaluate the correctness of the performance of an action at the level of an adequate retrospective assessment
Basic concepts
learned in class:Theme, idea, genre, plot, composition of the work
View
ICT tools used in the lesson: Universal
methodical
purpose of ICT tools: training, demonstration.
hardware and
software:Software tools, computer, projector, screen
Educational
Internet resources:
Organizational structure of the lesson
Stage 1. Entry into the topic of the lesson and
creation of conditions for conscious perception of new material
Stage 2. Organization and self-organization
Stage 3. Workshop
Stage 4. Verification of received
results. Correction.
Stage 5. Summing up, homemade
exercise
Lesson summary.
Lesson topic. Moral problems in VG Korolenko's story "The Blind Musician".
Type of lesson: improvement of knowledge, skills and abilities, targeted application of assimilation.
Type of lesson: Lesson - a study with elements of analysis of 2 episodes.
The purpose of the lesson: To acquaint students with the story of V.G. Korolenko "The Blind Musician".
educational
task: increase the level of perception and depth of penetration
In a literary text;
Show the spiritual renewal of a person offended
Fate, the path to the realization of one's destiny.
Development task:
Raising an attentive and thoughtful reader;
Ability to work with artwork
Analyze what you read, select the main thing;
Teaching competent analysis of individual episodes;
Ability to speak.
Educational
task: to help students hear the moral sound
Tales, her worldly wisdom;
Education of tolerance, mercy.
Equipment: presentation,
Drawings of students for various episodes, musical accompaniment,
During the classes.
Stage 1. Entry into the topic of the lesson and
creation of conditions for conscious perception of new material.
I. Organizational moment Psychological mood of students.
(The teacher conducts an exercise with students to create a positive emotional mood. Light music sounds.).
Teacher. Hello! Smile to each other guys! Sit down girls, now boys. Guys, pick up the sun of Goodness and good mood. See how it smiles at you. Smile at him too! Place this little piece of good cheer in your right palm. Cover your left. Feel how it warms you: your hands, your body, your soul. Amazing energy emanates from him, kindness. Mentally place the goodness and good mood of this sun in your heart. Do you feel that you have new strength, energy?! I want you to remember what you feel now, and that you have the same feeling until the end of the lesson. Wish you success!
2. We are starting a literature lesson with you .. And this means that an exciting journey into the world of the word awaits us again. We will again admire, be surprised ... Help me guys! Continue! What else? (Learn new things, rejoice, be upset, dream, be surprised, analyze, think, delve into the essence ...). Enough, guys, well done! Thanks! We will need a textbook, a pen, a pencil. I wish you all fruitful and interesting work, and make many new discoveries! Commentary: Children check the availability of necessary supplies at the workplace. Formation and development of UUD students:
- personal - acceptance and development of the social role of the student, the development of motives for educational activities and the formation of the personal meaning of learning; a sense of beauty and aesthetic feelings based on acquaintance with world and domestic artistic culture;
- cognitive - to compare and classify according to specified criteria;
- communicative - to control the actions of a partner;
- regulatory - to evaluate the correctness of the performance of an action at the level of an adequate retrospective assessment.
Stage 2. Organization and self-organization
students in the course of further assimilation of the material. Organization of feedback
Teacher: In order to continue working on a story, it is necessary to determine what such concepts as a theme, idea, genre, plot, composition of a work mean.
Comment: Previously, the children were given a task in groups. Having summarized all the collected information, the representatives of each group prepared a presentation and selected slides by topic.
Group 1 (2 ob-sya) - (work with a literary dictionary) theoretical material is projected on the screen.
Group 2 (5 ob-sya) - defines and names the theme, idea, genre, composition of the story by V.G. Korolenko "The Blind Musician".
Topic: about overcoming difficulties, about the trials that befell the hero from the very
Birth, about the importance of human destiny.
Idea: to show the difficult path to the realization of one's destiny.
“My task was not specifically the psychology of the blind, but
Psychology of universal longing for fullness
Existence."
Genre: story.
Plot: Includes 2 narratives:
1 - about how a blind boy was drawn to the light, to life;
2 - a story about how a man depressed by personal misfortune overcame
Himself passive suffering, found a place in life and managed to educate in himself
Understanding and sympathy for all the disadvantaged.
Composition:
Exposition: 1, 2 Ch. - a premonition of trouble - and a sentence: "The child was born blind."
This is a tragedy. How will his life turn out?
Development of action: The fate of the boy depends on others, on the participation of loved ones:
/ mother, uncle Maxim, Evelina /.
Climax: Resign and suffer or defy fate?
/meeting with the ringer, conversation with uncle/.
Resolution: The path of searching, finding happiness: wife, son, talent, recognition.
Epilogue: Instead of blind, selfish suffering, he found in his soul a feeling of life "... he began to feel both human grief and human joy."
Commentary: Formation and development of UUD students:
- personal - the formation of the ability to self-learning, self-development;
- development of independence and personal responsibility for the results of their activities, goodwill; development of skills of cooperation with adults and peers, mutual assistance;
- cognitive - the ability to work in the information environment, navigate in age-appropriate dictionaries and reference books;
- active use of speech and ICT tools when presenting the results of work; draw your own conclusions;
Stage 3. Workshop
Teacher's word:
1. Formulation of the topic of the lesson
For every young person at a certain time, the question arises about his future fate, about his attitude towards people and the world. The world around is huge, there are many different roads in it, and the future of a person depends on the right choice of his life path.
Life requires from everyone not only the ability to survive, but also civic responsibility. And, only realizing this problem (choosing a path), taking responsibility for the chosen path, a person can move on. But what about the one who does not know this huge world - the blind? This will be discussed in class today.
Commentary: A portrait of the writer is projected on the screen.
The topic of the lesson is moral problems in VG Korolenko's story "The Blind Musician".
Communication of lesson objectives
The purpose of our lesson is to try to understand what moral commandments the author left to his descendants in his story?
3. Statement of the learning problem
The main question that the author posed in the story is this: “What, in fact, was man created for?” (“Man is created for happiness, like a bird for flight.” But the hero of the story answers with bitter irony: “... only happiness is not always created for him.”)
Formation and development of UUD students:
- personal:
Educational and cognitive interest in educational material and methods for solving a new particular problem;
- cognitive:
Independent selection and formulation of a cognitive goal; structuring knowledge; the ability and ability of students to perform simple logical actions (analysis, comparison, generalization);
- regulatory:
accept, save and set a learning task; plan your action in accordance with the task.
2. Discussion.
Teacher: Questions about what happiness is, where are its boundaries, what is its meaning, is a person, as a person, capable of resisting circumstances, changing these circumstances? - the author dedicated one of his most remarkable works, "The Blind Musician", first published in 1886. So, I invite you to a conversation and to reflection on what you have read.
The birth of a blind child is a tragedy. What will happen to him? How will his life turn out?
Consider the stages of personality formation, during which the main character is formed:
Stage 1: Ways of knowing the world.
/ 1st contact with the natural world occurs in a boy at about
3 years. How subtly and surprisingly accurately the author conveys the feelings that
Experienced by a blind child. Korolenko notices the subtle
Experiences, impressions of a child's soul.
To show the world of the boy's perception, the author finds in the language all the necessary words to describe spring: (work with the text - ch. 1, subtitle 6: “Ringing drops, gently murmuring water, bird cherry rustling leaves,
The trills of the nightingale's song, the roar, the noise, the creak of the carts, the rustle of the wheel,
The human dialect of the fair, the knock of branches on glass, the cries of cranes. / 1 chapter, subtitle 6/.
How does knowledge of the surrounding world take place? (Painfully listens, anxiously stretches out his hands, looks for his mother, clings to her.)
Conclusion: the world is perceived by the boy through sounds, smells, sensations. Sound forms became the main forms of his thought.
What feelings does this world evoke? / Curiosity, fear /.
Teacher: But he was lucky. At first, two people took a special part in the fate of the child:
his mother and uncle Maxim. Two different beginnings - the tenderness and poetry of the mother and the courage of the old warrior - helped Peter to know the world.
Conclusion: The role of the uncle is invaluable. He could not remain indifferent to the fate of his nephew. And not only because their fates are similar: both are disabled: he has no legs, the other has no vision.
It is he who does not allow his sister to make a "hothouse plant" out of a child. And we are convinced that he is right.
What would have become of the boy without the participation of his uncle? /I would go into myself/.
There are loving people around him. Name them, what is the role of these people. Uncle has already been mentioned. (Fate gave Peter in the form of Evelyn Guardian Angel).
Teacher: He knew the warmth of the family, the kind friendly participation of others
What talent was revealed in the boy? (He was given a talent: love of music / Joachim) /.
Lesson topic . Moral problems in VG Korolenko's story "The Blind Musician".
Lesson type : improvement of knowledge, skills, targeted application of assimilation.
Type of lesson: Lesson - a study with elements of analysis of 2 episodes.
The purpose of the lesson: To acquaint students with the story of V.G. Korolenko "The Blind Musician".
educational
task: increase the level of perception and depth of penetration
In a literary text;
Show the spiritual renewal of a person offended
Fate, the path to the realization of one's destiny.
Development task:
Raising an attentive and thoughtful reader;
Ability to work with artwork
Analyze what you read, select the main thing;
Teaching competent analysis of individual episodes;
Ability to speak.
Educational
task: to help students hear the moral sound
Tales, her worldly wisdom;
Education of tolerance, mercy.
Equipment: presentation,
Drawings of students for various episodes, musical accompaniment,
During the classes.
Stage 1. Entry into the topic of the lesson and
creation of conditions for conscious perception of new material.
I. Organizational moment Psychological mood of students.
(The teacher conducts an exercise with students to create a positive emotional mood. Light music sounds)
Teacher. Hello! Smile to each other guys! Sit down girls, now boys. Guys, pick up the sun of Goodness and good mood. See how it smiles at you. Smile at him too! Place this little piece of good cheer in your right palm. Cover your left. Feel how it warms you: your hands, your body, your soul. Amazing energy emanates from him, kindness. Mentally place the goodness and good mood of this sun in your heart. Do you feel that you have new strength, energy?! I want you to remember what you feel now, and that you have the same feeling until the end of the lesson. Wish you success!
2. We are starting a literature lesson with you. And this means that we are again waiting for a fascinating journey into the world of the word. We will again admire, be surprised ... Help me guys! Continue! What else? (Learn new things, rejoice, be upset, dream, be surprised, analyze, think, delve into the essence ...). Enough, guys, well done! Thanks! We will need a textbook, a pen, a pencil. I wish you all fruitful and interesting work, and make many new discoveries! Commentary: Children check the availability of necessary supplies at the workplace. Formation and development of UUD students:
- personal - acceptance and development of the social role of the student, the development of motives for educational activities and the formation of the personal meaning of learning; a sense of beauty and aesthetic feelings based on acquaintance with world and domestic artistic culture;
- cognitive - to compare and classify according to specified criteria;
- communicative - to control the actions of a partner;
- regulatory - to evaluate the correctness of the performance of an action at the level of an adequate retrospective assessment.
Stage 2. Organization and self-organization
students in the course of further assimilation of the material. Organization of feedback
Teacher: In order to continue working on a story, it is necessary to determine what such concepts as a theme, idea, genre, plot, composition of a work mean.
Comment: Previously, the children were given a task in groups. Having summarized all the collected information, the representatives of each group prepared a presentation and selected slides by topic.
Group 1 (2 ob-sya) - (work with a literary dictionary) theoretical material is projected on the screen.
Group 2 (5 ob-sya) - defines and names the theme, idea, genre, composition of the story by V.G. Korolenko "The Blind Musician".
Topic: about overcoming difficulties, about the trials that befell the hero from the very
Birth, about the importance of human destiny.
Idea: to show the difficult path to the realization of one's destiny.
“My task was not specifically the psychology of the blind, but
Psychology of universal longing for fullness
Existence."
Genre: story.
Plot: Includes 2 narratives:
1 - about how a blind boy was drawn to the light, to life;
2 - a story about how a man depressed by personal misfortune overcame
Himself passive suffering, found a place in life and managed to educate in himself
Understanding and sympathy for all the disadvantaged.
Composition:
Exposition: 1, 2 Ch. - a premonition of trouble - and a sentence: "The child was born blind."
This is a tragedy. How will his life turn out?
Development of action: The fate of the boy depends on others, on the participation of loved ones:
/ mother, uncle Maxim, Evelina /.
Climax: Resign and suffer or defy fate?
/meeting with the ringer, conversation with uncle/.
Resolution: The path of searching, finding happiness: wife, son, talent, recognition.
Epilogue: Instead of blind, selfish suffering, he found in his soul a feeling of life "... he began to feel both human grief and human joy."
Commentary: Formation and development of UUD students:
- personal - the formation of the ability to self-learning, self-development;
- development of independence and personal responsibility for the results of their activities, goodwill; development of skills of cooperation with adults and peers, mutual assistance;
- cognitive - the ability to work in the information environment, navigate in age-appropriate dictionaries and reference books;
- active use of speech and ICT tools when presenting the results of work; draw your own conclusions;
Stage 3. Workshop
Teacher's word:
1. Formulation of the topic of the lesson
For every young person at a certain time, the question arises about his future fate, about his attitude towards people and the world. The world around is huge, there are many different roads in it, and the future of a person depends on the right choice of his life path.
Life requires from everyone not only the ability to survive, but also civic responsibility. And, only realizing this problem (choosing a path), taking responsibility for the chosen path, a person can move on. But what about the one who does not know this huge world - the blind? This will be discussed in class today.
Commentary: A portrait of the writer is projected on the screen.
Lesson topic - moral problems in VG Korolenko's story "The Blind Musician".
Communication of lesson objectives
The purpose of our lesson- try to understand what moral commandments the author left to his descendants in his story?
3. Statement of the learning problem
The main question that the author posed in the story is this: “What, in fact, was man created for?” (“Man is created for happiness, like a bird for flight.” But the hero of the story answers with bitter irony: “... only happiness is not always created for him.”)
Formation and development of UUD students:
- personal:
Educational and cognitive interest in educational material and methods for solving a new particular problem;
- cognitive:
Independent selection and formulation of a cognitive goal; structuring knowledge; the ability and ability of students to perform simple logical actions (analysis, comparison, generalization);
- regulatory:
accept, save and set a learning task; plan your action in accordance with the task.
2. Discussion.
Teacher: Questions about what happiness is, where are its boundaries, what is its meaning, is a person, as a person, capable of resisting circumstances, changing these circumstances? - the author dedicated one of his most remarkable works, "The Blind Musician", first published in 1886. So, I invite you to a conversation and to reflection on what you have read.
The birth of a blind child is a tragedy. What will happen to him? How will his life turn out?
Consider the stages of personality formation, during which the main character is formed:
Stage 1: Ways of knowing the world.
/ 1st contact with the natural world occurs in a boy at about
3 years. How subtly and surprisingly accurately the author conveys the feelings that
Experienced by a blind child. Korolenko notices the subtle
Experiences, impressions of a child's soul.
To show the world of perception of a boy, the author finds in the language all the necessary words to describe spring: (work with text - ch. 1, subtitle 6: “Ringing drops, gently murmuring water, bird cherry, rustling leaves,
The trills of the nightingale's song, the roar, the noise, the creak of the carts, the rustle of the wheel,
The human dialect of the fair, the knock of branches on glass, the cries of cranes. / 1 chapter, subtitle 6/.
How does knowledge of the world take place?He listens painfully, stretches out his hands in alarm, looks for his mother, presses himself against her.)
Conclusion : the world is perceived by the boy through sounds, smells, sensations. Sound forms became the main forms of his thought.
What feelings does this world evoke?/ Curiosity, fear /.
Teacher A: But he was lucky. At first, two people took a special part in the fate of the child:
his mother and uncle Maxim. Two different beginnings - the tenderness and poetry of the mother and the courage of the old warrior - helped Peter to know the world.
Conclusion: The role of the uncle is invaluable. He could not remain indifferent to the fate of his nephew. And not only because their fates are similar: both are disabled: he has no legs, the other has no vision.
It is he who does not allow his sister to make a "hothouse plant" out of a child. And we are convinced that he is right.
What would have become of the boy without the participation of his uncle? /I would go into myself/.
There are loving people around him. Name them, what is the role of these people. Uncle has already been mentioned. (Fate gave Peter in the form of Evelyn Guardian Angel).
Teacher: He knew the warmth of the family, the kind friendly participation of others
What talent was revealed in the boy? (He was given a talent: love of music / Joachim) /.
A comment. Formation and development of UUD students:
- personal:
Orientation in the moral content and meaning of actions;
development of ethical feelings - shame, guilt, conscience as regulators of moral behavior;
understand the feelings of others and empathize with them.
Educational 6
Mastering ways to solve problems of a search nature (find specific information in the text, explicitly given facts; determine the main idea of the text; understand information presented in an implicit form);
Understanding the basis of the semantic reading of a literary text, the ability to extract essential information from the text;
Conduct a comparison according to specified criteria;
Build reasoning in the form of a connection of simple judgments about an object;
Establish analogies;
- regulatory:
Perform learning activities in a mental form;
Take into account the guidelines for action identified by the teacher in the new educational material in cooperation with the teacher;
- communicative: readiness to listen to the interlocutor and conduct a dialogue, to recognize the possibility of the existence of different points of view and the right of everyone to have their own;
Express your opinion and argue your point of view;
Formulate your own opinion and position.
2nd stage Work in groups
Everything seemed to be fine. But uncle decided to expand the boundaries of space. Meet people from different walks of life:
Group 1 talks about the meeting with the Stavruchenko family, reading descriptions from the text
The 2nd group talks about the meeting with the blind beggars-bandurists, reading the descriptions from the text
Petrus learned about the existence of another world, a world outside the estate. He felt like a stranger, defective. Peter completely plunged into darkness, into personal misfortune. This world is unknown to him, and will this world want to accept a blind man?
The 3rd group answers the question: - Why did the suffering in his soul intensify even after meeting with the ringer? What did he feel? / He felt that the fate of the blind is anger and resentment. A mental crisis has set in. Why?
Comment: After the performance of each group, representatives of other groups and their own put a flag of the corresponding color on the table of the group that spoke (green - they liked the message and performance, blue - the message and performance was not complete, red - not everything was successful).
Stage 4. Checking the results. Correction. Physical education minute.
1. Physical Minute. “It’s time for us to rest” (to relieve general fatigue).
It's time for us to take a break
Stretch and breathe. (Deep breath in and out.)
Turned their heads
And all the tiredness is gone!
One, two, three, four, five,
The neck needs to be stretched. (Rotation of the head in one direction and the other.)
They got up straight. Bent over.
One is forward, and two is back.
Stretched. Straightened up.
We repeat everything. (Tilts forward and backward.)
And then we sit down.
This is important, we know.
We stretch our knees
We exercise our legs. (Squats.)
For every young person at a certain time, the question arises about his future fate, about his attitude towards people and the world. The world around is huge, there are many different roads in it, and the future of a person depends on the right choice of his life path. But what about the one who does not know this vast world - the blind?
Korolenko puts his hero, the blind-born Peter, in very difficult conditions, endowing him with intelligence, the talent of a musician and a heightened susceptibility to all manifestations of life, which he will never be able to see. Since childhood, he knew only one world, calm and reliable, where he always felt himself to be the center. He knew the warmth of the family and the kind friendly participation of Evelina. The inability to see the color, the appearance of objects, the beauty of the surrounding nature upset him, but he imagined this familiar world of the estate thanks to the sensitive perception of its sounds.
Everything changed after meeting with the Stavruchenko family: he learned about the existence of another world, a world outside the estate. To these disputes, to the stormy expression of the opinions and expectations of the youth, he at first reacted with enthusiastic amazement, but soon felt that this living wave was rolling past him. He is a stranger. The rules of life in the big world are unknown to him, and it is also unknown whether this world will want to accept the blind. This meeting sharply aggravated his suffering, sowed doubts in his soul.
After visiting the monastery and getting to know the blind bell-ringers, he does not leave the painful thought that isolation from people, anger and selfishness are the inevitable qualities of a blind person. Peter feels the commonality of his fate with the fate of the embittered ringer Yegor, who hates children. But another attitude to the world, to people, is also possible. There is a legend about the blind bandura player Yurka, who participated in the campaigns of ataman Ignat Karogo. Peter learned this legend from Stavruchenko: acquaintance with new people and the big world brought the young man not only suffering, but also the understanding that the choice of the path belongs to the person himself. Most of all, Uncle Maxim helped Peter, his lessons. After vagrancy with the blind and a pilgrimage to the miraculous icon, the anger passes: Peter really recovered, but not from a physical illness, but from an illness of the soul.
Anger is replaced by a feeling of compassion for people, a desire to help them. The blind find strength in music. Through music, he can influence people, tell them the most important thing about life, which he himself understood so hard. Such is the choice of a blind musician. In Korolenko's story, not only Peter is faced with the problem of choice. No less difficult choice must be made by Evelina, the friend of the blind man. Since childhood, they were together, society and the caring attention of the girl helped and supported Peter.
Their friendship gave a lot to Evelina, like Peter, she had almost no idea about life outside the estate. The meeting with the Stavruchenko brothers was also for her a meeting with an unfamiliar and big world that was ready to accept her.
Young people are trying to captivate her with dreams and expectations, they do not believe that at the age of seventeen you can already plan your life. Dreams intoxicate her, but in that life there is no place for Peter.
She understands Peter's suffering and doubts - and performs a "quiet feat of love": she is the first to speak about her feelings to Peter. The decision to start a family also comes from Evelina. This is her choice.
For the sake of the blind Peter, she immediately and forever closes before her the path so temptingly outlined by the students. And the writer was able to convince us that it was not a sacrifice, but a manifestation of sincere and very selfless love. The name of Vladimir Galaktionovich Korolenko already during his lifetime became a symbol of the "conscience of the era."
Here is what I. A. Bunin wrote about him: “You rejoice that he lives and is well among us like some kind of titan who cannot be touched by all those negative phenomena that our current literature is so rich in.”
Probably, the life of the writer, his personality, makes the strongest impression. In my view, this is a strong and whole person, distinguished by his firmness in life positions and at the same time by true intelligence and kindness, the ability to understand people. He knows how to sympathize and sympathize, and this sympathy is always active. Exiles and hardships did not break the writer's fearlessness before life, did not shake his faith in man. Respect for a person, the struggle for him is the main thing in the life and work of a humanist writer.
As a person, Korolenko always felt responsible to himself and to society. This manifested itself in concrete actions. Such, for example, as the defense of the Udmurt peasants at the Multan process or the refusal of the title of honorary academician: this is how he protested against the decision to cancel the elections to the Academy of Sciences of Maxim Gorky. Artistic works of Korolenko are largely autobiographical.
They absorbed the wealth of life experiences and meetings of the writer, reflected his concern for the fate of the people. Reading Korolenko, you are amazed at the sincerity and power of the author's word. You empathize with the characters, imbued with their thoughts and concerns. The heroes of his works are ordinary Russian people.
Many of them try to answer the question: “For what, in essence, was man created?” This question becomes the main one for the author both in The Blind Musician and in The Paradox. In this question, for Korolenko, the philosophical solution to the problem is connected with the "persistent question of the gray peasant life."
Entering into polemics with the religious-ascetic ideas of L. N. Tolstoy, Korolenko sharpens his position to the limit. “Man is created for happiness, like a bird for flight,” proclaims a being warped by fate in Paradox. If such a belief is carried in a person who is deprived of life, intelligent, cynical, despising all sorts of illusions, it means that indeed “after all, the general law of life is the desire for happiness and its ever wider implementation.”
I so want to agree with this postulate of Korolenko. And you find all new confirmations in other works of the writer. No matter how hostile life is, “still ahead - lights! ..” - this is the main idea of the poem in the prose “Lights”. At the same time, the writer's optimism is by no means thoughtless, abstracted from the complexities of life. The story "The Blind Musician" is indicative in this respect. The path of self-knowledge of the blind-born Piotr Popelsky is difficult.
Overcoming suffering, he renounces the egoistic right of a destitute person to a hothouse life. The path of the hero lies through the knowledge of both songs and the sorrows of the people, through immersion in their lives. And happiness, the author of the story claims, is a feeling of the fullness of life and a feeling of being needed in the life of the people. The blind musician will "remind the happy of the unfortunate" - this is the choice of the hero of the story. Korolenko's works teach not to be afraid of life, to accept it as it is, and not to bow one's head in front of difficulties. We must believe that "still ahead - the lights! ..
". A person must go and reach this light: even if the last hope collapses. Then it is a whole person, a strong character. The writer wanted to see such people, because he believed that such people are the power and strength of Russia, its hope and support, and, of course, its light. After all, Korolenko himself was just like that.
Korolenko worked on the story "The Blind Musician" for 13 years. He began to write it in 1885, in 1886 it was published in 10 issues of the Russkiye Vedomosti newspaper. In the same year, Korolenko revised the story for publication in the Russian Thought magazine No. 7. The story was published as a separate edition in 1888 and was also corrected by the author. In 1898, when republishing, Korolenko introduced episodes that were significant for the story: a meeting with blind ringers, Peter's departure with beggars.
Peter had prototypes. As a child, Korolenko knew a girl born blind. Her memories served as the basis for describing the feelings of the hero. Also, the writer had a student who gradually lost his sight, besides, Korolenko knew one blind musician. The scene with the blind ringers was recorded by the writer in 1890 "from life" during a visit to the Sarov Monastery.
The Blind Musician was loved by his contemporaries; this is Korolenko's most significant work, which was reprinted 15 times during his lifetime.
Literary direction and genre
"The Blind Musician" is a story of a realistic direction about the formation of a hero. As it should be in realism, the character of the hero is determined by many circumstances: his environment, the circumstances and episodes that affect him. The character of the protagonist is constantly in the process of change, so even at the end the hero’s happiness does not seem complete: Korolenko gives the reader the opportunity to think of a sequel, leaving the hero at the peak of his abilities.
In the images of Petrus and his uncle Maxim, one can feel the influence of romanticism and even sentimentalism. However, the excessive emotionality, alienation of Petrus is explained by his position as an invalid. The boy's selfishness is also explained by realistic reasons - a prosperous life in the circle of loving relatives. Here in the image of Evelina, except for the romantic appearance, everything is realistic. From the point of view of Korolenko, this is exactly what a loving woman should be.
The genre of The Blind Musician is defined as a story that has both psychological and philosophical features. In the subtitle, Korolenko calls the work an etude. It is no coincidence that the definition of a genre is the same as that of a piece of music, and means the study of something. In this case, Korolenko explores how an invalid, a blind person (and indirectly, a legless person) acquires the meaning of life.
Topics and issues
In general, the story answers the question of how to be happy. For the humanist Korolenko, this means giving happiness to others. This is the metaphorical embodiment of what Korolenko, in the preface to the sixth edition, calls the instinctive, organic attraction to the light.
The story raises the philosophical problems of the meaning of life, life's trials, the historical memory of the people, the problem of true art. The humanist Korolenko is perhaps the first in literature to raise the problem of the disabled, which becomes really relevant only in the 21st century.
Plot and composition
The action of the story develops in the South-Western Territory (somewhere in Volhynia, where Korolenko himself comes from), inhabited by Ukrainians and Poles. Panya Popelskaya, nee Yatsenko, gives birth to the blind first-born Petrus, who was destined to become the only child in this family and the center of a small universe.
Events take about 20 years: from the birth of the protagonist to the birth of his child. All these events are placed in 7 chapters, separated by chapters. The epilogue describes the events 3 years after the end of the main. This is the peak of the development of the main character, his concert, which changes the hearts of the listeners.
For the sake of his nephew and himself, Maxim decides to experiment: he is trying to develop the abilities of a boy with a fine nervous organization in order to compensate for his blindness, at least in part. First of all, Maxim forbade excessive care for the child, so that after a few months he was already crawling around the rooms.
At the age of 5, Petrus was fascinated by the playing of the flute by the groom Joachim. He himself quickly learned to play it. But the piano, which Pani Popielskaya ordered from the city and on which she played a technically difficult piece, did not impress the boy: “The Viennese instrument was unable to fight with a piece of Ukrainian willow.” Svirel won because she was "among kindred Ukrainian nature."
The boy learned to play the piano. And then Maxim asked Joachim to sing a folk song to Petrus, the images of which turned out to be clear to the blind man.
Petrus cannot take part in the amusements of other children. His only friend is the neighbors daughter Evelina. Friendship with Evelina "was a real gift of a favorable fate."
Gradually, Peter begins to fear the ghosts that inhabit his darkness. Peter was like a greenhouse flower, shielded from the influences of life. The soul of the young man was as if enclosed by a wall, dozing in an artificial, but calm half-sleep. Maxim understood that the exit from this state was inevitable, and accelerated it. He invited the landowner Stavruchenko and his sons to visit, one of whom was a musician, and the other a philologist. Peter feels himself not involved in the active life of young people. This acquaintance leads the blind man to the conclusion that he is superfluous in the world. But when Peter begins to play the piano, everyone recognizes his unusual manner of performance.
The blind man understands for the first time what he can do. His thought confirms Evelina: “You will also have your own job. If you knew what you could do to us."
The sixth chapter is the climax. This is the time of testing the blind, who has already decided to serve people with his talent. The first test was the discovery of the grave of the Haidamak gang of Ignaty Karogo, who was buried in the same grave with the blind bandura player Yurk, who accompanied his detachment even in battle. Peter understands that a blind man can achieve a lot.
The second episode is a meeting with two blind ringers. Korolenko considered this episode the most important in the story. Blind from birth, the young bell ringer Egory was very similar to Peter, not in facial features, but in his expression. He was angry at the whole world. Another ringer, Roman, went blind in childhood, but he was kind, loved life in all its manifestations. Bell ringers are tested by their attitude towards children who come to the belfry.
After the meeting, Peter decided that it was his destiny to be embittered. The hopeless sadness in his mood was replaced by irritable nervousness. He was no longer pleased with the union with Evelina: he did not want to burden the girl.
The third trial of Peter is connected with a meeting with the blind near the miraculous Catholic icon. Peter envies them because, from his point of view, the daily worries about food and clothing distract them from thinking about their own inferiority.
The result of this third test is the journey of Peter in the company of blind beggars led by Fyodor Kandyba, whose eyes were burned out in the war. Maxim was able to convince his relatives that he and his nephew were in Kiev at that time, where Peter was taking lessons from a famous pianist.
A few months later, Peter married Evelina, the born child was healthy. Thus, Peter's fear regarding his personal life was defeated. The last episode takes place 3 years after the birth of the first child, when a blind musician in Kiev on Contracts amazes everyone with his playing. Maxim believes that Peter received his sight because he “managed to remind the happy about the unfortunate,” he forgot about his selfish suffering.
Heroes of the story
The protagonist of the story is the blind musician Pyotr Popelsky. He was born into a wealthy family of a Polish landowner, good-natured and economic. Alive and mobile by nature, Petrus, due to illness, sat quietly for hours, listening to the surrounding sounds.
Faced with something new, emotional Petrus is excited to the point of fainting. This is what happens when, at the age of 3, he is first taken out into the field, to the river bank. This place subsequently becomes his favorite vacation spot. The same thing happens after the meeting of young Peter with blind beggars, which so excited him.
Nature interests the boy, but remains completely closed from him, sounds remain the main expression of the outside world.
At the age of five, the boy was thin and weak, his eyes looked thoughtfully and intently into the distance.
At this age, nature and music come off to him, as well as the beauty of a folk song. Over time, passion for music became the center of Petrus' mental growth. From the age of 9, Maxim began to teach the boy. By this time, Petrus had become tall, slender, pale-faced. His hair and eyes were dark.
The reader traces the work of the hero's thought in the period of his formation. Korolenko notes that the blind do not know how to hide their thoughts and feelings, which are reflected on the face. Peter goes through bitterness and disappointment until he finds his purpose in serving the poor and the destitute in the way that is available to him - music.
The mother of the protagonist is a proud and sensitive nature. The meaning of her life is in the happiness of her son: "The blindness of her child became her eternal, incurable disease." From the very moment of birth, she feels that “together with the newborn child, a dark, inexorable grief was born that hung over the cradle to accompany the new life to the grave.”
If Joachim interested Petrus in music, then his mother became his main teacher, opening the piano for him. She did not have the “direct musical feeling” that Iakim naturally had, and was offended by him. But then, nevertheless, she won the attention of her son, when she comprehended the enchanting secret of the Groom's music, the harmony of the song with nature.
The mother tried for a long time to explain to her son what colors are, what the world looks like. She does not accept Peter's inability to see clearly.
Uncle Maxim is a legless disabled person who also found the meaning of his life in raising his nephew. His courageous active nature found no way out since he, a well-known bully in Kiev, left for Italy, joined the Garibaldians and was mutilated in battle with the Austrians. He was missing his right leg and left arm. Maxim was still sharp on the tongue. His appearance was frightening: his eyebrows were sullenly shifted, and he himself was enveloped in clouds of tobacco smoke. Korolenko continually calls his head big and square, his thought restless, and his heart hot and kind. Maxim understood that in life-struggle there is no place for the disabled.
Raising and developing Petrus, Maxim studied physiology, psychology and pedagogy. He got carried away and hoped that the nephew, offended by the fate, “will raise the weapons available to him in defense of others who are destitute of life.” Maxim even came up with a motto for him: "Dispossessed for the offended."
When Maxim realized that the future of his nephew would be connected with music, he decided to introduce the boy to the songs of "a strong, free people."
It was Maxim who led the stages of the formation of his nephew. “He dreamed for Peter not of peace, but of the possible fullness of life, ... ebullient crises and struggle.”
Petrus met Evelina at the age of 9. She was the daughter of old neighbors, a small girl with a long blond braid and blue eyes. Evelina looks at the same time younger than her years due to her small stature, and older, because thanks to her solidity she looked like a tiny adult woman.
Evelina's voice seems unusually pleasant and calm to the blind. Evelina at the first meeting learned about the blindness of Petrus and wept with pity for him. Since then, Petrus has become her destiny. Korolenko describes Evelina as a nature destined for a quiet feat of love, for caring for someone else's grief.
Evelina seemed to have no doubts about her destiny, believing that "every person has his own path in life." And yet she has to make a choice in favor of Peter, abandoning the distant paintings, where there was no place for the blind. The girl herself offers to marry Peter, since she fell in love with him. So does her father.
The groom Joachim played an important role in the development of the boy. Once he was a merry fellow and played in a tavern, but since Mary, with whom he was in love, preferred the master's valet, Joachim himself made a willow pipe for sad songs. He burned her heart out and she became a part of him.