What is Oblomov's tragedy. An essay on the theme "What is the tragedy of Oblomov's life" based on the novel I
Roman I.A. Goncharov's "Oblomov" was published in 1859 in the journal Otechestvennye zapiski. The writer worked on the novel during the period of revitalization of public life, associated with the preparation for the reform on the abolition of serfdom in Russia. In his work, Goncharov criticizes the foundations of serfdom and reveals the theme of spiritual impoverishment and degradation of the local nobility.
In the center of the novel "Oblomov" is a complex and contradictory image of the landowner Ilya Ilyich Oblomov. His character and thinking were influenced by the environment in which he was brought up and lived his childhood.
From an early age, the hero was instilled with features that later received the name "Oblomovism". Little Ilyusha grew up as a darling, absolutely not adapted to an independent life. He is accustomed to the fact that everything is done for him, and his lot is "idleness and peace." Any attempt at activity was consistently suppressed in Ilyusha. The immobility of life, drowsiness, a secluded way of life are not only a sign of the hero's existence, but also the essence of life in Oblomovka, which is separated from the whole world: "Neither strong passions, nor brave enterprises worried the Oblomovites." Inactivity and lack of life goals - this is what characterizes Oblomovka's life.
However, the character of Ilyusha is formed not only by the lordship. Life in Oblomovka is full and harmonious in its own way: it is Russian nature, mother's love and affection, Russian hospitality, colors of holidays. These childhood impressions are the ideal for Oblomov, from the height of which he judges life. Therefore, the hero does not accept the "Petersburg life": he is not attracted by either a career or a desire to get rich.
Until the age of fifteen, Ilya studied very reluctantly at the boarding house. Studying the sciences and reading books tired him. After boarding school, he "followed the course of science to the end" in Moscow. Oblomov came to St. Petersburg with the aim of excelling in public service and arranging family life. Ilya Ilyich barely served two years and left the service. It was an unnecessary and meaningless burden to him.
Having left the service, fenced off from society, Oblomov indulged in dreams. Now "he was attracted by almost nothing from home, and every day he settled more firmly and more permanently in his apartment." Spiritual needs gradually died in Oblomov, humane impulses became sterile, sound judgments turned into a sleepy muttering. The hero gradually plunged into complete mental passivity and apathy. Goncharov writes: "Oblomov ... could not comprehend his life and therefore was burdened and bored by everything he had to do."
He decided that it was better to remain a "Oblomovist", but to retain humanity and kindness of heart, than to be a vain careerist, callous and heartless. Ilya Ilyich says about life in St. Petersburg: “All the time running around in launches, the eternal play of cheesy passions, especially greed, interrupting each other's paths, gossip, gossip, clicking each other, this is looking around from head to toe; if you listen to what they are talking about, your head will start spinning and you will become stupid. "
Thus, Oblomov was a kind, meek, intelligent person who received a good education. In his youth, he was full of progressive ideas and a desire to serve Russia. His childhood friend Andrei Stolts characterizes Oblomov as follows: "This is a crystal, transparent soul." However, the positive character traits of Ilya Ilyich are supplanted by such qualities as lack of will and laziness. Life with her worries and worries, constant work scares the hero, and he wants to sit out in a quiet apartment.
In an apartment on Gorokhovaya Street, Oblomov lies on the couch, not only because, as a gentleman, he can do nothing, but also because he does not want to live to the detriment of his moral dignity. The hero rejoices that he "does not stick around, but lies here, preserving his human dignity and his peace!"
Oblomov's laziness and his inactivity are caused by his negative attitude towards life and interests of the people of the modern hero. This is the tragedy of Oblomov's life. Sometimes Ilya Ilyich wants to discard Oblomov's habits. He rushes to business, but these desires are quickly extinguished. And in front of us is again a yawning with boredom and lying on the couch sluggard. Apathy and laziness extinguish all his noble impulses.
Thus, Goncharov depicts the struggle of good inclinations in Oblomov with lordly habits and laziness. The hero does not seek to change his life. He values peace most of all, not having the strength and desire to fight. He retreats in the face of life's problems and difficulties.
However, Ilya Ilyich is ashamed of his own lordship, as a person towering over him. He is tormented by the question: "Why am I like this?" When Stolz tries to awaken in Oblomov the desire to live and work, reproaching him for the paralysis of mind and will, Ilya Ilyich admits: "I know everything, I understand everything, but there is no willpower." The hero lives according to the principle: "It would be nice if it would happen by itself somehow imperceptibly."
Love for Olga Ilyinskaya temporarily transforms Oblomov. Here is how the hero is described in a state of love: “The misty, sleepy face was instantly transformed, the eyes opened, the colors began to play on the cheeks; thoughts moved, desire and will flashed in his eyes. " But the fear of losing peace makes Oblomov give up his love for Olga. Oblomovism turns out to be even stronger than love. This is the true tragedy!
Later, Ilya Ilyich finds his "ideal" in the heartfelt love of Agafya Matveyevna Pshenitsyna, who does not demand anything from him, indulging him in everything. In her house "he was now surrounded by such simple, kind, loving persons who agreed with their existence to support his life, help him not to notice, not to feel it." The vanished world of childhood, Oblomovka appears again. Food and rest - these are all Ilya Ilyich's occupations.
Oblomov's dignity lies in the fact that he himself condemned himself and was aware of the inevitable spiritual death. Olga in anguish asks him: “What ruined you, Ilya? There is no name for this hell ... "Ilya Ilyich answered her:" There is Oblomovism! " Oblomov suffers from the fact that he does not see a goal in life and does not find an application for his strength.
The writer showed Oblomov's path to realizing his worthlessness, insolvency, and, of course, to the disintegration of his personality. The destruction of the essence of human nature.
So, the hero of the novel was ruined by "Oblomovism". This phenomenon is not an individual feature of Oblomov, but, as Dobrolyubov put it, "it serves as the key to unraveling many phenomena of Russian life." The critic concludes: "A significant part of Oblomov is sitting in each of us, and it is too early to write us a funeral oration."
"Oblomov" is the only work in world literature, the hero of which, throughout almost the entire action, does not get up from the couch. But the uniqueness of the character created by Goncharov lies not in his pathological laziness and inaction. Not every modern student is able to read this complex and deep work. And therefore, what Oblomov's tragedy consists of is known to few. This article is devoted to the characterization and analysis of this literary image.
What is the tragedy of Oblomov's life?
An essay based on the work of Goncharov presupposes preliminary preparation. Before starting to write it, you should understand the peculiarities of the time in which the writer created the novel.
He wrote it for almost ten years. And two years after the publication, a key event in the history of Russia took place - serfdom was abolished. Fear of change and fear of the future possessed many representatives of the local nobility. An essay on the topic "What is the tragedy of Oblomov's life" should begin with a description of this historical event and its impact on representatives of certain social strata.
New time
The idea for the character of Goncharov lies in the ability to lead a measured, calm life on the estate. What is Oblomov's tragedy? It is not at all that he is now deprived of this opportunity. His trouble is that he is not able to adapt to the realities of Oblomov, not only can he not find his place in the social environment that has developed in Russia. He does not even strive for it.
At all times there have been people who act in spite of everything. But there are those who, due to dissatisfaction with the environment, prefer to lie on the couch and dream of the days gone by. Oblomov dreams of his own estate.
Dreams and unreal world
It is noteworthy that there are very few events in the work. The plot of the novel is the story of a middle-aged, plump representative of the landlord class, who runs the risk of being deceived by his supposedly friends. But the man who maintains a real friendly relationship with him saves him in time, depriving, however, of his beloved woman. But what is the tragedy of Oblomov's life and how does the author manage to keep the reader's attention throughout four parts? The main character's trouble is that he is constantly in the world, which is partly invented by him. And the grandiose volume of the work conveys the deep meaning of the tragedy of a person who, finding himself at the turn of times, refuses to exist in the real world and finds salvation in his own fantasies and dreams.
Oblomovka
The native estate appears in the hero's mind as a kind of serene idyllic world. It is as if time does not exist here. Even the clock in the house strikes very strangely. Their sound is reminiscent of the grumbling of dogs ready to pounce on each other.
Nothing changes on the estate. Its inhabitants are afraid of everything unfamiliar. Even the reading process is mechanical here. Ilyusha Oblomov's father holds a newspaper in front of him, as if performing some kind of ritual. As a rule, he reads periodicals three years ago.
The hero recalls all this throughout the novel. And, reading the chapters of the work devoted to nostalgia, the reader partly gets an answer to the question of what is the tragedy of Oblomov's life. It consists primarily in the fact that the hero of the novel has absorbed Oblomovka's way of life and believes that such a way of life is the only true one.
Pathological lack of initiative, laziness, absolute indifference to everything that happens around - all this is the result of upbringing. Oblomov cherishes the image of the estate in his soul. And sometimes he even sees him in a dream.
Childhood
Once, falling asleep, the hero asks the question: "Why am I like this?" And in a dream he sees marvelous pictures from childhood. In these dreams there are answers to the questions of the character, and to the one that the reader poses before himself, namely, what is the tragedy of Oblomov's life. The description of Ilya Ilyich's dreams helps to clarify the origin of his social detachment.
The dream is conventionally divided into three parts. And with the help of this technique, the author tells the reader the back story of the hero. The first deals with the customs of the estate. Both Oblomovka and the character's childhood are known from chapters in which colorful dreams are described.
He grew up surrounded by boundless care. Everywhere and always he was accompanied by a nanny, which did not allow the boy to play especially. Sleep also reigned in the estate. The main occupation of its inhabitants was "doing nothing".
Fairy tales
What is Oblomov's tragedy? It has already been said that the laziness and inaction characteristic of this character were the result of upbringing. And it included fairy tales told by the nanny. Ilyusha grew up as an impressionable child. He absorbed stories about rivers of milk, sorceresses and other miracles. And, having already matured, he realized that reality was mixed with a fairy tale.
The third part of the dream deals with the adolescence of the hero. The tragedy of Oblomov's life originates in primitive laziness, from which all the inhabitants of the estate suffer, without noticing it. Simplicity of morals, silence and inaction reign here. And all this contributes to the development of a kind of disease, which the author calls Oblomovism. From childhood, the hero's life was divided into two halves. The first is longing and boredom. The second was peaceful fun.
Stolz
Oblomov's monotonous existence was nevertheless disrupted for some time. In the novel, there is a hero who creates an opposition to the main thing. Such a character is childhood friend Stolz. A friend brings Oblomov out into the world and introduces Olga Sergeevna Ilyinskaya. New meetings have a beneficial effect on him.
Stolz is active, constantly in action, in a word, is the opposite of the protagonist. His influence on Oblomov's fate is undeniable. However, despite the cardinal changes in life, the hero still dies. He is killed by a stroke caused by a sedentary lifestyle.
Oblomov is a common type of Russian person. He has a rich spiritual world, he is kind, disinterested, and he dreams of many things. However, he does not want to do anything to achieve his goals.
What is the tragedy of Oblomov's life based on the novel by I.A.Goncharov? The author gives the answer to this question at the end of the work. The writer portrayed him as a person spiritually superior to all other characters, including the active Stolz. Oblomov's friend performs actions for the sake of actions. He has no lofty goals. While promoting work, he cannot explain its purpose. Oblomov, on the other hand, has a kind and noble soul, but he lacks determination and ability to act. This is what destroys him.
I. A. Goncharov is a talented writer of the 19th century, who, first of all, is an artist who knows how to express the fullness of the phenomena of life in his works. This unsurpassed master of words entered literature in the middle of the 19th century, when great changes were taking place in the existing way of life in Russia: the patriarchal way of life with its nobility, which brought science and enlightenment into the world, was replaced by the bourgeois one, which at that time began to flourish. The writer treated these changes with great suspicion and distrust. And not without reason: after all, he was deeply disturbed by the moral losses of patriarchal Russia. This theme - the conflict between old and new Russia - was later laid down by Goncharov in the basis of all three of his novels: "An Ordinary History", "Break" and "Oblomov".
The novel "Oblomov" - the central place in the novel trilogy of Goncharov - was published in the first four issues of the magazine "Otechestvennye zapiski" for 1859. The new, long-awaited by the public, the work of the author of "Ordinary History" was almost unanimously recognized as an outstanding artistic phenomenon. "Oblomov" is not an accidental success, not with a bang, but healthy, capital and timeless in a real public, "wrote L. N. Tolstoy.
The real prototype of the protagonist of the novel, Oblomov, was Goncharov himself, and therefore, in the character of Ilya Ilyich, the writer skillfully expressed his adherence to the old way of life. Ilya Ilyich is a very peculiar person by nature.
Reading the first part of the novel, we learn that he was "32 - 33 years old, of average height, pleasant appearance." Struck by the lack of a specific idea, any concentration in his face. “The thought walked like a free bird over the face, fluttered in
eyes ... then it completely disappeared, and then an even light of carelessness glimmered in my whole face ”. Oblomov was lazy, and his normal state was lying down. In his youth, he still aspired to something, “and if one cannot say that he was alive, then,
at least more alive than now. " "However ... it would be curious to know ... why I am ... like this," Oblomov asks himself.
A clear and comprehensive answer to this question is provided by a picture of childhood, which Goncharov brings to us through Oblomov's Dream. The upbringing and atmosphere in which little Oblomov grew up played a huge role in shaping his character and worldview. In "Dream ..." little Ilya "shyly hugs the nanny, and she whispers to him about some unknown side, where ... everyone performs miracles, where rivers of honey and milk flow, where no one does anything all year round." It was in Oblomovka, in the distant childhood times, that an important and in many ways defining feature of his character developed - poetic dreaminess. But at the same time, here in Oblomov, they brought up such qualities as laziness, lordship, contempt for serfs and ruined a lively mind, truthfulness, meekness and humanity towards those below. Thus, Oblomov's entourage helped to lay the foundations of "Oblomovism" - an idle and vicious lordly way of life. And it seems to me that in the depths of his soul, Goncharov is already inclined to condemn the regularity and laziness of the old life, the way to which he is nostalgically true, but does not want and cannot
accept new changes.
It is difficult to underestimate the skill of Goncharov in creating the name and surname of his hero. The surname "Oblomov" means that the hero is broken by life, gives in to its difficulties and problems. The name "Il
Ilya Ilyich Oblomov is the main character of I.A.
In light of the diametrically opposed interpretations of Oblomov and Oblomovism, let us take a closer look at the text of the very complex and multi-layered content of Goncharov's novel, in which the phenomena of life "revolve from all sides." The first part of the novel ...
"Goncharov gave us the immortal image of Oblomov!" - says I.F. Annensky. And it is difficult to disagree with this, since more than one hundred and fifty years have passed since the publication of the first fragment of the Oblomov novel, and interest in the work does not disappear. Telling ...
IA Goncharov worked on the novel Oblomov for ten years. In this novel, the author expressed his beliefs and hopes, reflected the problems that worried him, revealed the causes of these problems. Therefore, the image of Ilya Ilyich Oblomov and Andrei Ivanovich Stolts ...
Roman I.A. Goncharov's "Oblomov" was published in 1859 in the journal Otechestvennye zapiski. The writer worked on the novel during the period of revitalization of public life, associated with the preparation for the reform on the abolition of serfdom in Russia. In his work, Goncharov criticizes the foundations of serfdom and reveals the theme of spiritual impoverishment and degradation of the local nobility.
In the center of the novel "Oblomov" is a complex and contradictory image of the landowner Ilya Ilyich Oblomov. His character and thinking were influenced by the environment in which he was brought up.
And he lived his childhood.
From an early age, the hero was instilled with features that later received the name "Oblomovism". Little Ilyusha grew up as a darling, absolutely not adapted to an independent life. He is accustomed to the fact that everything is done for him, and his lot is "idleness and peace." Any attempt at activity was consistently suppressed in Ilyusha. The immobility of life, drowsiness, a secluded way of life are not only a sign of the hero's existence, but also the essence of life in Oblomovka, which is separated from the whole world: "Neither strong passions, nor brave enterprises worried the Oblomovites." Inactivity and lack of life goals - this is what characterizes Oblomovka's life.
However, the character of Ilyusha is formed not only by the lordship. Life in Oblomovka is full and harmonious in its own way: it is Russian nature, mother's love and affection, Russian hospitality, colors of holidays. These childhood impressions are the ideal for Oblomov, from the height of which he judges life. Therefore, the hero does not accept the "Petersburg life": he is not attracted by either a career or a desire to get rich.
Until the age of fifteen, Ilya studied very reluctantly at the boarding house. Studying the sciences and reading books tired him. After boarding school, he "followed the course of science to the end" in Moscow. Oblomov came to St. Petersburg with the aim of excelling in public service and arranging family life. Ilya Ilyich barely served two years and left the service. It was an unnecessary and meaningless burden to him.
Having left the service, fenced off from society, Oblomov indulged in dreams. Now "he was attracted by almost nothing from home, and every day he settled more firmly and more permanently in his apartment." Spiritual needs gradually died in Oblomov, humane impulses became sterile, sound judgments turned into a sleepy muttering. The hero gradually plunged into complete mental passivity and apathy. Goncharov writes: "Oblomov ... could not comprehend his life and therefore was burdened and bored by everything he had to do."
He decided that it was better to remain a "Oblomovist", but to retain humanity and kindness of heart, than to be a vain careerist, callous and heartless. Ilya Ilyich says about life in St. Petersburg: “All the time running around in launches, the eternal play of cheesy passions, especially greed, interrupting each other's paths, gossip, gossip, clicking each other, this is looking around from head to toe; if you listen to what they are talking about, your head will start spinning and you will become stupid. "
Thus, Oblomov was a kind, meek, intelligent person who received a good education. In his youth, he was full of progressive ideas and a desire to serve Russia. His childhood friend Andrei Stolts characterizes Oblomov as follows: "This is a crystal, transparent soul." However, the positive character traits of Ilya Ilyich are supplanted by such qualities as lack of will and laziness. Life with her worries and worries, constant work scares the hero, and he wants to sit out in a quiet apartment.
In an apartment on Gorokhovaya Street, Oblomov lies on the couch, not only because, as a gentleman, he can do nothing, but also because he does not want to live to the detriment of his moral dignity. The hero rejoices that he "does not stick around, but lies here, preserving his human dignity and his peace!"
Oblomov's laziness and his inactivity are caused by his negative attitude towards life and interests of the people of the modern hero. This is the tragedy of Oblomov's life. Sometimes Ilya Ilyich wants to discard Oblomov's habits. He rushes to business, but these desires are quickly extinguished. And in front of us is again a yawning with boredom and lying on the couch sluggard. Apathy and laziness extinguish all his noble impulses.
Thus, Goncharov depicts the struggle of good inclinations in Oblomov with lordly habits and laziness. The hero does not seek to change his life. He values peace most of all, not having the strength and desire to fight. He retreats in the face of life's problems and difficulties.
However, Ilya Ilyich is ashamed of his own lordship, as a person towering over him. He is tormented by the question: "Why am I like this?" When Stolz tries to awaken in Oblomov the desire to live and work, reproaching him for the paralysis of mind and will, Ilya Ilyich admits: "I know everything, I understand everything, but there is no willpower." The hero lives according to the principle: "It would be nice if it would happen by itself somehow imperceptibly."
Love for Olga Ilyinskaya temporarily transforms Oblomov. Here is how the hero is described in a state of love: “The misty, sleepy face was instantly transformed, the eyes opened, the colors began to play on the cheeks; thoughts moved, desire and will flashed in his eyes. " But the fear of losing peace makes Oblomov give up his love for Olga. Oblomovism turns out to be even stronger than love. This is the true tragedy!
Later, Ilya Ilyich finds his "ideal" in the heartfelt love of Agafya Matveyevna Pshenitsyna, who does not demand anything from him, indulging him in everything. In her house "he was now surrounded by such simple, kind, loving persons who agreed with their existence to support his life, help him not to notice, not to feel it." The vanished world of childhood, Oblomovka appears again. Food and rest - these are all Ilya Ilyich's occupations.
Oblomov's dignity lies in the fact that he himself condemned himself and was aware of the inevitable spiritual death. Olga in anguish asks him: “What ruined you, Ilya? There is no name for this hell ... "Ilya Ilyich answered her:" There is Oblomovism! " Oblomov suffers from the fact that he does not see a goal in life and does not find an application for his strength.
The writer showed Oblomov's path to realizing his worthlessness, insolvency, and, of course, to the disintegration of his personality. The destruction of the essence of human nature.
So, the hero of the novel was ruined by "Oblomovism". This phenomenon is not an individual feature of Oblomov, but, as Dobrolyubov put it, "it serves as the key to unraveling many phenomena of Russian life." The critic concludes: "A significant part of Oblomov is sitting in each of us, and it is too early to write us a funeral oration."
The novel by I. A. Goncharov "Oblomov" to this day causes controversy in terms of the actions of the protagonist. Someone evaluates Oblomov on the good side because of his gentleness, good nature, while others, on the contrary, consider Ilya Ilyich a lazy person, a man full of hopes and dreams. As soon as it comes to action, Oblomov begins to look for external reasons why he cannot translate his plans into reality.
At the beginning of the work, Oblomov appears to us as a person who does not seek to change his life. All day long he lies on his sofa and embarks on a world of dreams, where everything is at rest: no one is in a hurry, everyone lives for their own pleasure, and life itself drags on in a measured way. One could ponder for a long time why Oblomov became like this, but the author himself gives us the answer.
Oblomov has a dream in which he sees his childhood. It is this dream that helps to understand the origins of Ilya Ilyich's laziness and inactivity. From an early age, Oblomov was followed by his entire family. He couldn't just go for a walk or get dressed. The servants or the parents did everything for him. As for his studies, his parents often did not let him study, referring to the fact that today is a holiday or imagining that Ilya is sick. Even at fourteen, Oblomov does not dress himself. All the work is done by Zakhar, with whom he then lives his whole life. In my opinion, the reason for Oblomov's inactivity, laziness, and aimlessness is his upbringing. If you study Oblomov's childhood, it becomes clear that he did nothing, and it became a habit with him. In contrast, we can put Stolz, who was brought up strictly. And it was this method of education that helped Stolz to establish himself in the world, reach heights in his career and restore the plundered Oblomov's estate. Only for a moment Oblomov is eager to change everything. The reason for this desire was Olga, from whom Ilya was crazy. He sketched out a wonderful plan for his future life, but again did not fulfill it. And in the relationship, he found external reasons. So, Oblomov did not go on a date with Olga because of the flooding of the Neva. The bridges were raised, and Ilya decided to stay at home. After parting with Olga Ilyinskaya Oblomov, it remains to live out his life with Pshenitsina. There Oblomov dies spiritually. He again takes a seat on the sofa and lies on it around the clock. He no longer thinks about anything, tries to forget the past, and by mistake transfers all the proceeds from the village to Agafya Matveyevna's brother. There he is seized by an apoplectic stroke. The doctor advised Ilya to lead an active lifestyle and eat right. Oblomov obeys the mistress and follows the advice of the doctor. He begins to walk two miles a day, but the hour of his death was getting closer and closer. The second blow was fatal, and Ilya died.
In my opinion, parents played a major role in making Oblomov such a lazy person. It was upbringing that turned Ilya into an aimless and inactive person. Children are a copy of their parents. What parents are, so are children. What do we see at Oblomov? His father sat all days at the window and only occasionally asked passers-by about their affairs. Mother always drank tea with her friends. Ilya Ilyich also became such. Only big shocks were able to bring Ilya Ilyich out of hibernation.
Each of us has a "piece of Oblomov", but not everyone wants to admit it.