Udmurt proverbs. Proverbs and sayings in the Udmurt language Proverbs about work in the Udmurt language

Proverbs

Zarni pici ke no, duno - small spool, but dear

Tazalyk - vanlik - health - wealth

ulysa-vylysa vanmyz tupatskoz - will grind - there will be flour

freak ke no, aslyz muso - though bad, but dear to himself

kuzhym uzhyn kyda - strength is tempered in work

pichi ke but uzhed, uztemles already - and a small thing is better than idleness

adӟonles ud pegӟy - you cannot escape fate; you can't escape your fate

Adӟon fire of corners - trouble has come, open the gate; one trouble comes, another leads

Adӟon pyd ulys pote - you don't know where trouble will come from (trouble comes out from under your feet)

doryn pӧsyalod, kalyk pӧlyn danyascode — sweat at work - you will become famous among people

duno — work is more expensive than gold

already kiyd uz kyl — hands will not be taken away from work

uzhly ogkad ӧvӧl — work work strife

uzhed ke ӧvӧl berde (kӧtte) feed — if there is no business, scratch the back of your head ( letters. ass, belly)

cheber already asse achiz utilte — a good deed speaks for itself

yugytles ud vatsky - you cannot hide from the truth (lit. from the light)

yyrly viz kule, vizly viz - yyr - the head needs a mind, the mind needs a head

murtlen vizmynyz kema ud uly - you won't live long with someone else's mind

peresmysa viz uz pyry not - [if in youth there was no mind, so] it will not be added to old age

kicked viz tӧlya-storm with a saw kad - a child's mind, that a cloud in the wind

vӧy pe, cortez no nebӟyte - oil, they say, and iron softens

veraskykuz yymystyz vӧy kiste - speaks like butter is pouring out of his mouth

pislag yumylis vӧy ud potty - you can't squeeze oil out of the leg of a tit

murtlen dasez shory yumde en usty - do not open your mouth on someone else's loaf

achid ke ӟech, kalyk no ech - if he himself is good and people are good

kalyklen sinmaz stump ud pazgy - you cannot overshadow the eyes of the people (literally, you cannot sprinkle the eyes of people with ash)

kalykles kuzhymze ud vormy - you cannot overcome the power of the people

kalyk uzhaku uzha, kalyk yumshaku yumsha - people work - and you work, people walk - and you walk

kӧs puny yimez all squares - a dry spoon tears the mouth

vuys but kӧsyn potyny - get out of the water

kin uzhtek, so nyantek - whoever is idle is without bread

ӟeg kizysa, chabei ud ara - what you sow, you reap (literally, sowing rye, you will not reap wheat)

Chechy vyshkie sent Pyznans - a fly in the ointment into a barrel of honey (literally, sprinkle salt in a tub of honey)

from no, mu no pilike - adamily chidano - both the stone and the earth crack, but a person must withstand everything

pars the kitty dary shedtoz - the pig will always find dirt

from no mu no pilike no, adamily chidano - the stone and the earth crack, but a person endures everything

kӧryshlen kuregez no ӟazeg kad adӟiske - with a neighbor and the chicken seems to be a goose; the chunk in the wrong hands is always thicker

Sayings

kyrnyzh ӧryd faith - the raven calls trouble

shudbure tolya-storm koshkiz - happiness is gone with the wind

shud lestyny ​​- forge happiness

freak ivor putet whiskeyӥ but pyroz - bad news and will penetrate into the gap

freak murtlen syulmyz sat - an unkind person has a black heart

blinders chiny pyr uchkyny - work carelessly

uzhany already breathe - work - work teaches

already vylyn kaltak, kyl vylyn mastak - in words - a master, but in deeds - barely

yugyten ӵosh - not dawn

berges ke no, lestemin — better late than never

ber kylemezly copar tyr — late penalty ( letters. to a latecomer - a complete beetle)

bere kylemly - moklok — take a walk - you drink water ( letters. late - mosol)

take kylem kuaka nyrze suzya — stay with your nose ( letters.

ber chips duno - letters. the last chicken of the road is dear

taking atas - it comes to him late, he (does) everything at the wrong time ( letters. late crowing cock)

kalykyn vetlysa vismascode — if you stay among the people, you will become smarter

kalykyn nyan cheskyt to the cat — bread tastes better in public

nyanlen kotemez - chabei pyz, nyrkemez - eg pyz is wheat leaven, and bread - rye ( it says when something is unsuccessful)

kӧs kiyn lyktyny come empty-handed

I will take kushasa syudemez — waiting to be chewed and put in his mouth

take kylem kuaka nyrze suzya — stay with your nose ( letters. the overslept crow cleans its beak)

syӧd sulme (pume) vuyny - get bored worse than a bitter radish

remote kunyan is a loser ( letters. unlucky calf)

chechy duze surysa no ulyny ӧz val - could not get along in a good family (lit. could not live, having got into a tub of honey)

Chechen nanny vyle sent uh pyznalo - they don't pour salt on bread with honey

chechy pӧly kuzal pot of tuynans - put wormwood in honey

atylen kylyz churyt, korkaez shunyt - father's words are rude, but his hut is warm

noise pydes the last child, the last child in the family (literally the bottom of the dough)

noise pydes kuryany - to get to the hat analysis (literally, to scratch the bottom of the dough)

bush bekce kuzhmo vase - empty barrel thunders harder

bush buckets boards koby zhugyny - pounding a stump (literally, knocking a bucket on an empty bucket)

bush bag shoner

bush terkyys vӧy tarkye syuryns - (lit. from an empty plate to get into a plate with butter)

kylynyz izez pasyaloz - sharp on the tongue (literally, the tongue will drill a stone)

pars kӧy ke no, yalan mude - although the pig is fat, it digs the whole earth

Pars kuala byde kyrs okte - a pig collects dirt from every yard

parsly yubo no ash - a pig and a pillar buddy

parsles - parspi, punyles - punypi - from a pig - a pig, from a dog - a puppy

adamily chidana kyldem - a person is destined to endure

Puzzles

pichi Kuzma is proud izy kuzma (riddle) little Kuzya gives red hats (uzy - strawberries)

eksei izy kychyltyk riddle of the tsar's hat on one side (yubo yylys lymy - snow on the pillar)

Material description: Proverbs and sayings are the most active and instructive miniatures.
During its centuries-old history, the people have selected everything that is most valuable in pedagogical terms.
Concise and laconic in form, proverbs and sayings contribute to the accumulation of moral norms and rules, they become the unwritten laws of life, have a direct impact on the formation of the child's personality.
The material will be useful in the pedagogical work of educators, teachers, as well as parents in raising children.

Proverbs and sayings of the Udmurt people

"It is necessary to carefully study and promote the folk art of the Udmurts, since there are several very remarkable branches in it with specific artistic features, in many respects consonant with our time"
I. Ershov

As an adult and sophisticated reader, I reread the Udmurt proverbs and sayings familiar from childhood with pleasure and pride. This material is an invaluable source from which you can glean valuable material, which in turn sets in motion children's imagination, mind, memory, their mental strength and mental abilities.
Where and how did proverbs and sayings come from - such authentic, heartfelt, filled with great love for their native land, nature, children?
In our time, this piece of folk Udmurt wisdom came from the distant past. Now it is very difficult to imagine how they were invented by the Udmurt people. Scientific literary critic, folklorist, translator and teacher N.P. Kralina, studying this issue, noted: "... the oldest proverbs arose from riddles."
Udmurt poet, prose writer, playwright, national and public figure, K.P. Gerd, in his writings, noted: "Udmurt cannot separate a proverb and a proverb from living speech, he does not even think of it as something separate ... each expressed Udmurt thought is a kind of proverb, a product of the centuries-old life experience of an entire people."
Family Children.
The earth loves dung, and the child loves affection.
Father's words are harsh, but his house is warm.
Mother and father will not teach bad things, they will not respond badly.
It's warm with his own mother, cold with his stepmother.
Life is free as long as mother and father are alive.
What are the ancestors, so are the descendants.
A father and a hundred teachers will not replace.
A boy without a father earns badly.
Friendly spouses and lean soup will bring happiness.
When there is no agreement in the family, everyone is his own boss.
In an unfriendly family, they even sit at the table with their backs to each other.
The pine cone will not fall far from the spruce and the child will not be born into a stranger.
A person who reveres mother and father will live the whole century without difficulties.
Although you live well, do not forget your mother and father.
You will not become older than your mother and father.
The mother's plea will pull you out from the bottom of the sea.
The young does, the old advises.
The family rests on old people.
It is easier for a large family to live.
Work day is red.

Labor is more valuable than gold.
Look not at beauty, but at work.
Without labor - you will not see happiness.
And a small business is better than any idleness.
Lazy is always a holiday.
The lazy man's shirt hurts.
It is difficult for one to lift a needle.
Lonely tree, the wind dumps.
One bee will not bring much honey.
Work done in a hurry is never good.
The hurry and the work of the chops for the blooper.
They will know about your work by the knotted noose.
You will warm up in your work, you will become famous in your work.
The woodcutter is not warmed by a sheepskin coat, but by an ax.
Native language.
A person who has forgotten his homeland is a lost person.
Look for pearls in the sea, mind in the people.
If you forget your native language, you will forget your own mother.
The foreign side is not a homeland.
Friends. Friendship.
Whoever comes to the rescue on time provides assistance twice.
Don't live only for yourself - help others too.
You will not be full of deception.
Living in harmony is better than wealth.
Living in harmony is easy.
Mastery in knowledge. Mind.
Let bast shoes on my feet, but in my head, mind.
Clever looks ahead.
You can't fool a smart one with ten men.
The clever one will advise, the stupid one will laugh.
For life, the mind is necessary.
The eyes see far, and the mind farther.
The clever one will warm up by the fire, the stupid one will get burned.
Whoever reads a lot knows a lot.
The head is to think, the hands are to work.

Udmurts- the people in the Russian Federation, the main population of the Udmurt Republic. The total number in the world is about 700 thousand people. The Udmurts are conventionally divided into northern (Russian influence) and southern (Turkic influence). They speak the Udmurt language, which belongs to the Finno-Ugric group of the Uralic language family. There are northern, southern, Besermyan dialects and middle dialects. Most believers in Udmurts are Orthodox, some adhere to traditional beliefs. The oral folklore of the Udmurts has carefully preserved musical and song traditions, myths about the origin of the earth, man, various animals, legends about the ancient history of the people, heroes, fairy tales, proverbs,sayings, puzzles.

D the tree is famous for its fruits, the man for its deeds.

A kind soul is half the happiness.

God gave his hands - the rope itself.

If the water doesn't follow you, follow it yourself.

The carrier gets tired.

Work in his hands is asking.

Look for pearls in the sea, for wisdom in the people.

The beauty of the chin is a beard, the beauty of speech is a wise word.

The owner is judged by the gate.

Whoever is idle is without bread.

Your hand will reach the sky.

In the language beyond the Kama will ferry. (proverb)

If you do not believe in yourself, you will be lost.

The wind blows down a lonely tree easily.

You can't do it yourself, nature can't do it.

The field is fun with friendly work.

From work, the arms and legs will not twist.

In a foreign land and the dog yearns.

You can't cook fish before you catch it.

The humble person is happy.

Iron does not rust in business.

The plow does not rust on arable land.

The day will be born and the work will appear.

Happiness is not sought, it is found in work.

A bear - by force, a man - by ingenuity.

He is not a person who does not do good.

If you love honey, endure the sting of bees.

Waiting for the chewed to be fed.

We still need to weave what we have begun.

Each flower has its own scent.

Native land is a soft bed.

The block is made before weaving bast shoes.

Who has been at the end of the world?

The horse sticking out the road is covered in soap.

I tonsured a snake and rolled up felt boots.

The clever one will warm up by the fire, the stupid one will get burned.

Thresh first, you will have time to wind.

On someone else's table and boneless fish.

The hardest work is idleness.

The bee not only works for itself.

The belly is full and the eyes are hungry.

A person dries up not from work, from grief.

The right hand instead of the left will not do.

Chopping maple is difficult, drinking its juice is sweet.

A diligent mouse will gnaw through the board.

He breathes under his armpit. (about a secretive person)

He has a different God. (about a lucky person)

A slow-moving cart will always reach the top of the mountain.

The tongue is a boiling cauldron, affairs are stagnant water.

Tongue is smooth, handprints are rough.

Let him hide under the chicken, otherwise the calf will kick. (about a coward)

On this page: folk Udmurt proverbs and sayings with translation into Russian.

Without the wind, the tree does not move.

Without wind, the maple leaf will not move.

There is no evening or morning.

An ugly woman gets a beautiful wife, a beautiful woman gets an ugly one.

A lively cow will be born lumpy.

If you are a sheep, there will be wolves.

If there were honey, there would be flies.

In its den, the bear is a hero.

There is fire in the heart, but no smoke.

You cannot enter running water twice.

Don't get into someone else's sleigh.

In whose hands is the tail of a cow, in those hands is the cow.

Spring will return again, but the word you said will not return.

You cannot turn a wolf into a sheep.

Every thing is good in its place.

Every fox cares about its tail.

Any work is good to do in due time.

Choosing, you will find a roan.

The dog you fed will bite you.

You can't make a faded shirt new.

You can't jump above your head.

You cannot compare the eye to the ear.

The mountain is big, and there is no grass even for a goat.

Guest or non-guest - all people are the same.

They do not look at a given horse's teeth.

Two bears won't go into one den.

The day is long, the century is short.

For a mouse and a cat, a terrible beast.

Kind is always kind.

If one branch breaks off, the other will sprout.

The wife is beautiful, the girl is even more beautiful.

They live like a dog with a cat.

Crane always finds a crane.

Demand will not be hit in the teeth.

You won't get slapped on the cheek for demand.

An evil person also hates himself.

A snake, even if it is black or white, is still a snake.

There is no end to knowledge.

If he knew where to fall, he would spread the straw.

And a crow sometimes displays a cuckoo.

And the trees in the forest are not the same.

And the stars in the sky are not the same.

And a little, but enough, a lot still ends.

And there is a short finger, and people are not all the same.

And the fingers are different in length.

And the river changes its course.

And the calf will someday be a cow.

Although you cut down the willow, it will grow again.

The needle is small, but it dresses everyone.

A wolf does not make a shepherd.

Do not touch the resinous wood - you will get dirty.

Each vegetable has its own time.

Everyone finds a pair for himself.

As the foreman is, so is the brigade.

As the worker is, so is the work.

Like a mother, so are children.

As the tree is, so are the fruits.

What are the roots, so are the tops.

Any finger you bite is equally painful.

What a pop, such a parish.

Fight fire with fire.

The mosquito is small, but it eats the bull.

Which finger you don't bite is equally painful.

The cat will not resist sour cream.

He who has not eaten onions does not stink.

Whoever helps immediately helps doubly.

Who was dying from work.

The chicken turned into a rooster.

An affectionate calf sucks two queens, but the evil one does not get one.

Extra grain won't hurt.

Lies stand on one leg, but truth stands on two.

You love to talk, love and listen.

A small stone drifts in silt.

The small one is strong with his legs, the old one with his head.

They do not plow with prayer, they do not reap with boast.

The ant is small, but loosens the mountains.

Amanita is beautiful, but it does not go for food.

Lay softly, but hard to sleep.

They do not ride on one ski.

Everything is fine in its place.

An abscess on the arm, and the whole body hurts.

Our Ivan harnessed the horse: he put a bridle on the tail, fed the cart with oats, smeared the horse with tar

Don't trust your ears, trust your eyes.

Don't expect eggs from a rooster.

Don't expect God to give.

Without experiencing difficulties, you will not gain intelligence.

Do not go into the same bag with the bear.

If you do not see sorrow, you will not recognize joy.

Not salted, salted - all the same.

A child who does not cry is not lulled.

A non-crying baby is not given a breast.

A non-crying child is not given milk by mouth.

No one gets rid of one death.

The price of the gift is not asked.

You cannot feed on deception.

If you put on beautiful clothes, you will be beautiful; if you put on bad clothes, you will be bad.

The wind blows down a lonely tree easily.

The lonely one is bored.

One sheep confuses the whole flock.

One bee will not collect much honey.

One ram is not slaughtered twice.

The late crow cleans its nose.

In the fall, the day changes seven times.

A nightingale will not be born from a crow.

There is no wool or milk from the goat.

From a bad seed, a bad fruit.

Hands will not be taken away from work.

Do not expect apples from rowan.

You can't run away from your shadow.

Chopping off a dog's tail won't make it a sheep.

The fallen cow is dairy.

Pepper is not thrown away because it is bitter.

Sing well together, speak one at a time.

Crying will not help grief.

Sowed wheat - gathered weed.

After sabantui, they don't show their fists.

After death, a person has a name, and a bear has a skin.

After the wolf has escaped, do not swing the bolt.

Look cute - it's rotten inside.

Lost crying cannot be returned.

Truth wins the falsehood.

The right hand cannot be replaced by the left.

When you get hungry, the cake tastes good even without butter.

A wet person is not afraid of rain.

Getting up early is to live happily in the future.

A magpie who wakes up early will not remain hungry.

The native village is dear to everyone.

A mother is warm, a stepmother is cold.

With children grief, but without children - twice.

Eat with honey and bast shoes.

Get in your sleigh.

The moon is bright, but not like the sun.

Look for pearls in the sea, wisdom - among the people - say the Udmurts. This statement can clearly confirm the idea of ​​folklorists that the best collections of proverbs and sayings can be put on a par with the greatest works of world literature.

The meaning and meaning of oral and poetic works "small" in their form are embedded by the Udmurt people in the traditional definitions of this genre: kylpum "word for word" kylyz "the words spoken by the Udmurts". Proverbs and sayings could, obviously, be defined among the people and such terms as kylbur "good (good-quality), artistically processed word" (in Udmurt literature this term refers to a poem), vyzykyl "the word of the elderly, the word of the clan", madiskon "what is told. " Despite such a variety of definitions, the meaning of the works of this genre remains the same: “a word, an expression that came from the depths of centuries; wisdom passed down by previous generations. "

And although all these terms can be attributed to other genres, they clearly define the essence of Udmurt folk proverbs and sayings, since they are not interpreted as something independent, clearly separated not only from speech itself, but also from typical life situations themselves. One of the first major collectors and researchers of Udmurt folklore KP Gerd testifies how organically proverbs and sayings are woven into living speech and do not stand out from it by the people: “Ask any Udmurt to sing something and immediately ask to tell ... proverbs. He will sing a lot of songs, tell many legends, but he will either not be able to give a number of proverbs and sayings at all, or he will say: “Ug todski” (“I don’t know”). Udmurt cannot separate a proverb, a saying from living speech, he does not even think of it as something separate. But start talking to him as an equal, live with him for a certain time in his work, everyday environment and you will see that every thought expressed by the Udmurt is a kind of proverb, a product of the centuries-old life experience of a whole people. "

“For a person who did not grow up in an environment of Udmurt life,” continues KP Gerd, “who does not understand the sometimes elusive shades of Udmurt speech, it is undoubtedly difficult to choose individual proverbs from a general speech. For a stranger, this is inaccessible and impossible. The song and its performance in some respects have become the craft of individual singers, and proverbs and sayings are intertwined in living speech, they are both known and not known, because they are created and die in the process of speech itself ... "

Proverbs and sayings, due to their ability to embody abstract concepts in concrete images, are introduced by the people into everyday speech to characterize certain phenomena or life situations. The very nature of the sayings indicates that the people accept or reject, approve or deny, highly appreciate or condemn; to whom or what he smiles good-naturedly; what he sneers at and what he laughs at.

From time immemorial, the proverb served as an expression of the positive ideals of the people. She asserts them even when she ridicules negative facts and phenomena. Joy and happiness, the proverb says, is in work. "If you love honey, endure the sting of bees"; "Do your job, don't cry that there is no happiness." The measure of all the best qualities of a person is his ability for daily work: “A day is born - and work will appear”; "He who is without work is without bread." And, despite the full awareness of the severity of peasant labor, the people preach labor for pleasure, labor for joy, labor as a remedy for all physical and moral ailments: “They do not seek happiness, they find it in labor”; “The tree is famous for its fruits, the man for its deeds”; "He won't twist his arms and legs from work." The people glorify conscious, creative work, with peasant sharpness and prudence: “A stupid Mickey can also work, a mind would need to live); "Bear - by force, man - by wit"; "The clever one will warm up by the fire, the stupid one will burn himself."

But the strength of a person, as the proverbs say, is not only in his ability to work, not only in his mind. Its strength is also in the ability to live in a family, in the circle of relatives in a village community - in any society that a person encounters throughout his life: “One bee will not store honey”; "A lonely tree blows down easily"; "Do not wish people evil, otherwise you will not be good."

A person is helped to become a full-fledged member of a team, to live side by side with other people, first of all, such character traits that do not contradict the norms of folk ethics and customs: "A good soul is half happiness"; "A modest person is happy"; “He is not a person who does not do good”; "Patience will endure, impatience will break." Recognizing the strength of the collective, the people at the same time emphasize the originality, originality, and the irreplaceability of their constituent part of each individual person: “Every blade of grass grows on its stem”; "Each flower has its own scent."

To express your emotions and clarify the relationship between objects

and by phenomena, the people resort to certain realities that together reveal the life, manners and customs of the people. But for all the specifics of these realities, the essence of Udmurt proverbs and sayings is close to the essence of the works of this genre in the folklore of other peoples. Moreover, proximity is determined not so much by the laws of one genre, but by the power of eternal truths that humanity is trying to comprehend and convey in such a laconic and accessible form to subsequent generations. What are good and evil? Greatness and insignificance? Happiness and grief? Nobility and baseness? What is a sense of life? These are practically the questions that underlie all the statements contained in entire collections. But, in addition to proverbs and sayings that make up a large part of the paremic fund of the language, the system of folk sayings also includes folk aphorisms, sayings, wishes, curses and threats, tongue twisters, idle talk, oaths, jokes, comic answers and jokes. The commonality of semantic, structural, stylistic and functional features of each of the types of paremias makes it possible to distinguish them into separate groups. Proverbs - vizkylyos - are expressed brightest in both semantic and structural-stylistic terms. These include grammatically complete judgments, perceived both literally and figuratively, or, as paremiologists usually consider, containing a figurative motivation of the meaning, for example: "The horse is in soap on the road"; “If the water does not run after you, follow it yourself”; "There is a fish without bones on someone else's table."

Popular aphorisms are close to proverbs in their grammatical form - indylonyos or nodyas kylyos. These are sayings that, like proverbs, express some kind of regularity, a rule, but, unlike them, do not build a judgment on an allegory. They appear in the form of business advice, practical instruction without any bluntness: “A person dries not from work, from grief”; "If you do not believe in yourself, you will be lost"; "The hardest work is idleness."

Proverbs and folk aphorisms are represented by all types of simple and complex sentences that are basic in the Udmurt folk speech.

Poetic techniques are compositionally merged with grammatical constructions, thanks to which a highly artistic form of these sayings is achieved, a whole piece of art is created in miniature: "The beauty of the chin, beard, the beauty of speech is a wise word"; "Without looking into the dishes, do not eat out of it, do not see the mother, do not marry her daughter."

Udmurt folklore: Proverbs, aphorisms and sayings / Compiled by T.G. Perevozchikova. - Ustinov: Udmurtia, 1987 .-- 276 p.

Family proverbs

One-villagers, friends, neighbors, and the rural community actively participated in the development of the moral forces of the younger generation, but the family was assigned an outstanding role in this matter. It was the lowest economic unit of the community, its primary social unit, in interaction with the community, realizing the organization of stereotypes of group experience, carrying out the accumulation and intergenerational transmission of ethnic specificity and traditions. In addition, it performed an important function of production and reproduction of community members, in this the peasants saw one of its main goals. Childlessness was perceived by the Udmurts not only as a misfortune, but also as a shame. It is not for nothing that folk proverbs say:

"Childless spouses - orphans" (Nylpitek kyshno-kartyos - orphans), "House for children is cheerful" (Korka nylpien shuldyr), "The yard is beautiful for cattle, the house is for children" (Azbar pudoen cheber, korka - nylpien), and in one of the folk songs sung:

Zarnien but named mar-o ben karod? Gold-silver is not needed

Intimate honey luoz wordam nylpied. If you don't raise children.

Children should be treated with love:

"You cannot learn a child with a rod and a cry" (Pinalaz nyoryn but cherekyasa ud breathe),

“The earth loves dung, and the child loves affection” (Muzyem yarate kyedez, kicked Nuny veshamez), but they shouldn't have been caressed either: “Extra praise is only damage” (Multes ushyan - soron gine).

Children were required to be respectful and respectful to their parents. “Father's words are heavy, but it’s warm in his house” (Ataylen kylyz tuzh churyt, wears corks shunyt), “Mother and father will not teach bad things, they will not respond badly” (Anai-atai ugly uz breathe, urodze uz verale) - taught folk wisdom ... “Fathers care about the good upbringing of children, and children, in turn, fulfill their orders” - we read in one of the documentary sources, confirming in this case folklore evidence.

Proverbs about labor

All progressive educational traditions of the Udmurt peasants, be they moral, physical, aesthetic or any other, were rooted in the depths of the working life of the people. Traditions were directly intertwined in the process of life, upbringing was carried out in the context of real labor activity. Diligence was put at the forefront in the upbringing of the younger generation, this quality was definitely considered by the people as the foundation of the personality, one of its most important moral measures. "Labor is more expensive than gold" (Already zarnyes but duno) - says the Udmurt proverb. Believing happiness in work, the people said: “You cannot see happiness without work” (Uzhtek shudez ud adzy). Parents played a decisive role in the upbringing of industriousness. The people said: "From a bad seed and a bad fruit" (Ugly kiddislen emyshez but ugly), implying that bad parents will not bring up good children. The personal example of the parents was the most effective influence, the best object lesson. Under the supervision and with the help of their father and mother, the children were gradually included in the circle of household concerns of the family and imperceptibly absorbed the simple and wise morality "bread will not come without work" (uzhtek nyanes ud basti). From an early age, children were brought up with a deep reverence for the earth and bread as the sources of human life. Children were taught not to say a bad word about the Earth; from childhood, they were instilled in some forbidden and restrictive regulations aimed, in the opinion of adults, at respecting the earth. The experience of cultivating it, folk knowledge about the methods of growing bread was passed on with a respectful attitude to the land. In children, the thought was formed that the strength of man is in the earth, and the legend of Eshtarek was an excellent illustration of this idea, whose strength lay in his inextricable connection with the earth as a nurse. The people said about bread "bread is great" (nyan bydzym). A bad word and the treatment of bread with read a manifestation of extreme immorality. A good man among the people was compared to bread: "This man is like rye bread" (Zeg nyan kad ta adami), in the sense of kind, reliable. Recognizing the intrinsic value of bread, the people rhetorically asked themselves: "Who is tired of rye bread?" (Zeg nianles kin wow?) Not a single crumb was swept off the table by adults on the floor. With a clear conscience, they threw crumbs only on the field, while pronouncing “roots in the ground” (vyhyez musicians).

The people paid special attention to preventing the manifestation of laziness in children. The formation of industriousness was considered the highest duty of parents, and laziness was the result of poor family upbringing. Laziness and idleness were a constant target of ridicule, reproaches and reproaches, which was vividly manifested in proverbs and sayings. "It is always a holiday for a lazy one" (Aztem murtly kotka is a holiday), "A lazy man's shirt hurts" (Aztem murtlen deremez no vise) - ridiculed the people of lazy people. Public opinion instilled in both old and young the idea that a healthy person should not sit idle. Boys from an early age were attracted to harvesting, haymaking, harrowing, they were taught to thresh, carry sheaves to the current, were given the necessary skills in crafts, taught the secrets of hunting, fishing, beekeeping. Mothers taught their daughters fieldwork, handicrafts, including sewing, spinning, weaving, embroidery, knitting.