Griboyedov Alexander Sergeevich is famous for only one of his works "Woe from Wit", but few people know that he is not only a talented Russian writer, but also a civil servant, poet, musician and playwright. Griboyedov's biography is full of events: he was an outstanding cultural figure of the 19th century, but at the same time he gave his very life to the diplomatic service for the benefit of the Russian Empire for many years.

On January 15, 1795 (according to some sources), a son, Alexander, was born into the family of a wealthy nobleman Sergei Griboyedov. Despite his military career, Sergei Ivanovich was not educated, so his wife, Anastasia Fedorovna, was involved in raising and educating his son.

The child was extremely smart and learned everything quickly, for example, at the age of three Sasha spoke three foreign languages, and in his youth - already six. A short biography of Griboyedov also contains a mention of his origin from an ancient Polish family.

In 1803, Alexander began to receive formal education at the Moscow boarding school and after graduation, three years later, he transferred to the verbal department of the university. In 1808, student Alexander Griboyedov received a Ph.D. in verbal sciences and entered the legal department of the same university at the age of only 13. Two years later, he was awarded the degree of Candidate of Rights, and Alexander Sergeevich focused on the study of natural sciences.

During the war with Napoleon, Alexander Griboyedov served in the hussar regiment, but did not take part in the battles. He was in the Russian army in 1812-1815, and then returned to St. Petersburg, leaving a military career. Having become an active member of the Masonic lodge, the former military man begins to engage in literary activity, writes his first works and enters the diplomatic service, receiving the post of secretary. In 1817, the famous duel of Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov with three participants took place: Zavadovsky, Sheremetyev (died) and Yakubovich.

After four years of service, the Russian diplomat lives for some time in Moscow, is engaged in creative work and is published in magazines. Griboyedov travels around Russia, in particular, visits the Crimea, and in the winter of 1826 he was arrested due to his connection with the Decembrists. After complete acquittal, Alexander Sergeevich returns to the diplomatic service, where he dies in 1829.

Diplomatic work

In 1818, Griboyedov received his first diplomatic assignment to Tehran. It is here that he finishes several of his poems and receives an invitation for his first visit to the Shah.

The activities of the Russian diplomat are highly appreciated by historians, according to which, it was to him that the Russian Empire owed the conclusion of a truce in the Persian-Russian war.

Another, longer, for a year and a half, trip to Persia was carried out in January 1820, after which Alexander Sergeevich asked for a transfer to Georgia, the request was granted, and it was there that his main work was written -. After the vacation, the diplomat again becomes the secretary of the Russian embassy in Tiflis, but after a year he leaves the service and returns to Moscow, where he lived for more than two years.

At this time, he was accused of having connections with the Decembrists, and after being acquitted, he was again sent as a diplomat to Persia, where, after a couple of years, he died in the Tehran massacre of 1829.

Creation

The prose writer and literary critic Y. Tynyanov classifies Griboyedov as a writer among the younger archaists - the direction of the early 19th century in Russian literature, which was characterized by the formation of the literary Russian language.

The main thing in their works is the basis of traditionalism and nationalism. The path of the writer was extremely fruitful and began as a student: he wrote poems and parodies of already known stories.

After graduating from the university, he published his first works in magazines, and in 1815 the first comedy was published. In general, this genre was loved by Alexander Sergeevich, he studied European comedies and wrote parodies on them in Russian, remaking them in his own manner. Such works were liked by the public and were often staged in theaters as separate plays. The summary of any of his comedy contained a description of several characters and the wit of the author. In addition, the writer used the features and techniques of parody:

• everyday context;
• exaggeration;
• descriptive concepts without precision.

In the center of the work of Alexander Sergeevich there is always a bearer of classical consciousness - life knowledge is taken from books, and the events around are refracted through the prism of what has been read. Real life for the hero is not as interesting as the events in the book. This trait can be traced in many heroes.

Interesting to know! The idea of ​​the comedy "Woe from Wit" was nurtured by the author for a long time, but he could not start creating it because of his constant employment in the service. Once during a ride on horseback, the writer fell from his horse and broke his arm. Such a forced break from work became the time of writing a brilliant work.

In addition to the fame of the Russian writer, Alexander Sergeevich is also famous in musical circles. He is the author of several piano pieces, a pair of waltzes, and a sonata. His musical creations are filled with harmony, harmony and laconism. Unfortunately, his piano sonata has not survived, but it was the most serious and voluminous work of the writer. But the waltz in the key of E minor by his authorship is considered the first truly Russian piece of music.

Artworks

Griboyedov gained world fame after the publication of the comedy "Woe from Wit", but he began to publish long before it, and to write while he was a student. The first published works were the texts "On Cavalry Reserves" and "Letter to the Editor".

The writer collaborated with other writers several times, creating joint works ("Feigned Infidelity", "Own Family"), and also was on friendly terms with. In addition, he communicated and corresponded with many literary figures of that time.

The famous work "Woe from Wit" became known to the public in 1824, and was first published uncensored in 1862 and today is considered the peak creation of drama in Russia, which has not lost its relevance. Its summary is known to everyone: the play tells about Chatsky's love for Sofya Famusova and the cruel disappointment that befell the main character when he gets to know Russian society better.

Four years after the creation of his most famous comedy, the author dies, so everything that was conceived after it was either not published, since it was not finalized and was only a sketch, or was lost. We know only the scenes from the dramas created by him at that time: "1812" and "Rodamist and Zenobia".

Despite the masterful disclosure of comedy plots, an analysis of all the works of Alexander Sergeevich shows that he was able to create a truly high tragedy, and his prose works testify to his development as an original and talented author in all genres.

Useful video: A.S. Griboyedov - short biography

Doom

In 1828, in the city of Tiflis, the writer married the beautiful Nina Chavchavadze, who was only 15 years old. Relations between the empire and Turkey at this time are seriously aggravated, and an experienced diplomat is required for the Russian mission in Tehran. Griboyedov was elected to this position and sent there to serve.

Interesting to know! There is a legend that during the wedding, Alexander Sergeevich dropped the ring - this sign was considered a bad omen for the future family.

Arriving in Persia and leaving his young wife in Tabriz (she later returned to Georgia on her own), Alexander Sergeevich went to Tehran on the duty of his diplomatic service.

They had to introduce themselves to Feth Ali Shah and fulfill their obligations - to persuade the Shah to pay an indemnity for the defeat in the Russian-Persian war, but the situation in the city was too alarming.

The fact is that one of the results of the victory of the Russians over the Persians was the guarantee of the free resettlement of willing Armenians to their homeland - to Armenia, which became part of the Russian Empire. The Persians were angry with the Russians because of the need not only to pay them money, but also to lose part of the population. The situation escalated when the treasurer of the shah's court and several women, relatives of the shah, asked for asylum at the Russian embassy. The ruler was worried about a possible leak of information (according to rumors, the eunuch also robbed him) and demanded that the fugitives be handed over to him, to which Griboyedov refused. Then the government of Tehran decided to use the surest means - Islamic fanatics and turned them against the Russians.

Fueled by hatred of infidels and conquerors, a thousand angry crowd of Islamists on February 11, 1829, began an assault on the Russian embassy. Despite the defense, the embassy was taken, and 37 Russian representatives, along with 19 residents of Tehran, were killed, Griboyedov died along with his people. Only the secretary Ivan Maltsov survived, who witnessed all the events. The fact that Alexander Sergeevich could only be identified by the scar on his arm left after the duel, the body was so badly disfigured, can tell about the extreme cruelty of the attackers.

Useful video: interesting facts about Griboyedov

Output

Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov was buried in Tiflis in a mountain grotto near the Church of St. David. The widow erected a large monument there, and Pushkin visited the grave in 1829. The conflict itself was settled by rich gifts to Emperor Nicholas I: the shah's grandson arrived in person and brought, among other things, the famous large diamond "Shah", which became the price for the lives of 37 Russian diplomats.

In contact with

Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov - a famous Russian writer, poet, playwright, brilliant diplomat, state councilor, author of the legendary play in verse "Woe from Wit", was a descendant of an old noble family. Born in Moscow on January 15 (January 4, O.S.) 1795, from an early age he showed himself to be an extremely developed, and versatile, child. Wealthy parents tried to give him an excellent home education, and in 1803 Alexander became a pupil of the Moscow University Noble Boarding School. At the age of eleven, he was already a student at Moscow University (language department). Becoming a candidate of verbal sciences in 1808, Griboyedov graduated from two more departments - moral and political and physical and mathematical. Alexander Sergeevich became one of the most educated people among his contemporaries, knew about a dozen foreign languages, was very gifted musically.

With the outbreak of the Patriotic War of 1812, Griboyedov joined the ranks of the volunteers, but he did not have to participate directly in hostilities. In the rank of cornet, Griboyedov served in a cavalry regiment in reserve in 1815. The first literary experiments date back to this time - the comedy "Young Spouses", which was a translation of a French play, the article "On Cavalry Reserves", "Letter from Brest-Litovsk to the Publisher."

At the beginning of 1816 A. Griboyedov retired and came to live in St. Petersburg. Working in the College of Foreign Affairs, he continues his studies in a new writing field for himself, makes translations, joins the theatrical and literary circles. It was in this city that fate gave him an acquaintance with A. Pushkin. In 1817 A. Griboyedov tried his hand at drama, writing the comedies "Own Family" and "Student".

In 1818 Griboyedov was appointed secretary of the tsarist attorney who headed the Russian mission in Tehran, and this radically changed his further biography. The expulsion of Alexander Sergeyevich to a foreign land was regarded as a punishment for the fact that he acted as a second in a scandalous duel with a fatal outcome. The stay in Iranian Tabriz (Tabriz) was really painful for the aspiring writer.

In the winter of 1822, Tiflis became Griboyedov's new place of service, and General A.P. Ermolov, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Tehran, commander of Russian troops in the Caucasus, under which Griboyedov was secretary for diplomatic affairs. It was in Georgia that he wrote the first and second acts of the comedy "Woe from Wit". The third and fourth acts were composed already in Russia: in the spring of 1823 Griboyedov left the Caucasus on home leave. In 1824, in St. Petersburg, the last point was made in the work, whose path to fame turned out to be a thorny one. The comedy could not be published due to the prohibition of censorship and was sold in handwritten copies. Only small fragments "slipped" into print: in 1825 they were included in the issue of the almanac "Russian Thalia". The brainchild of Griboyedov was highly appreciated by A.S. Pushkin.

Griboyedov planned to take a trip to Europe, but in May 1825 he had to urgently return to service in Tiflis. In January 1826, in connection with the case of the Decembrists, he was arrested, held in a fortress, and then taken to St. Petersburg: the writer's surname appeared several times during interrogations, moreover, during searches, handwritten copies of his comedy were found. Nevertheless, in the absence of evidence, the investigation had to release Griboyedov, and in September 1826 he returned to his official duties.

In 1828, the Turkmanchay peace treaty was signed, which corresponded to the interests of Russia. He played a certain role in the biography of the writer: Griboyedov took part in its conclusion and delivered the text of the agreement to St. Petersburg. For his merits, the talented diplomat was awarded a new position - plenipotentiary minister (ambassador) of Russia in Persia. In his appointment, Alexander Sergeevich saw "political exile", plans for the implementation of numerous creative ideas collapsed. With a heavy heart, in June 1828 Griboyedov left St. Petersburg.

Getting to his place of service, for several months he lived in Tiflis, where in August he was married to 16-year-old Nina Chavchavadze. He left for Persia with his young wife. In the country and abroad, there were forces that were not satisfied with the growing influence of Russia, which cultivated in the minds of the local population hostility towards its representatives. On February 11, 1829, the Russian embassy in Tehran was brutally attacked by a brutal crowd, and one of its victims was A.S. Griboyedov, who was mutilated to such an extent that he was later identified only by a characteristic scar on his arm. The body was taken to Tiflis, where the grotto at the Church of St. David became its last refuge.

Renaissance man is a title of human greatness and at the same time the curse of oblivion. Leonardo da Vinci himself indicated the profession of "musician", but his ancestors did not preserve his melodies for us. Something similar happens with all great people: admiring one talent, descendants, as a rule, miss other, no less talent of the poor genius. The same story happened to one of our compatriots. He perfectly knew French, German, Italian, English, Greek, Latin, Arabic, Persian and Turkish, actively helped the Decembrists, was a member of the St. Petersburg Masonic lodge, played the piano, organ and flute, was the ambassador of the Russian Empire in Persia. And they know him exclusively as the author of the play "Woe from Wit". Yes, we are talking about Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov - the Russian Renaissance man.

Born on January 15, 1795, the son of a nobleman received a good education at home, which became a solid foundation for the further development of the playwright, composer and diplomat. The most important thing - a life credo - was conveyed to him by a well-behaved father.

At the age of 8, Griboyedov was sent to the Moscow boarding school, and three years later he went to Moscow University. He manages to finish his studies at the Faculty of Literature and Law, and the program of the third, physics and mathematics faculty, he was not destined to complete: the war with Napoleon began.

Raised in the noble tradition, Griboyedov immediately entered the hussar regiment with the rank of a cornet. However, luckily or unfortunately, by the time the regiment was sent to the front, the war with the French was already over, and young Alexander and his fellow soldiers were transferred to the outback of Belarus. The nobleman was quickly bored with the good fun and manners, and Griboyedov would recall these years more with regret, although the characters of many of his friends-hussars will be clearly deduced in the famous "Woe from Wit."

History of success

In 1815, the playwright returned to St. Petersburg, acquired useful contacts, broke into the intellectual elite of the northern capital, entered the service of the Collegium of Foreign Affairs. The dramatic denouement for a duel typical for noble circles, where Griboyedov was present as a second, served as the reason for sending the young diplomat to Persia - a kind of political exile.

The brilliant mind, talents of Alexander Sergeevich, multiple acquaintances and the heroic salvation of Russian prisoners made Griboyedov a real hero of our time. Appreciating his merits, General Ermolov petitioned for the transfer of the diplomat to Tiflis.

Creative way

The year 1824 marks the return to St. Petersburg: the playwright at that time finished the comedy of his whole life and hoped to present it. In many ways, the publication was facilitated by the Decembrists, who considered the play a kind of manifesto of the movement: the combination of literary innovations with classical canons, the comedy of new characters really became a breakthrough word of that time.

A year later, on the way to the Caucasus, this help almost played a cruel joke with Griboyedov. Alexander Sergeevich was arrested on suspicion of preparing the Decembrist uprising, which the writer, of course, denied, and therefore escaped punishment. Griboyedov is allowed to continue his journey to his destination.

Here his service was as brilliant as the completed diplomatic mission in Persia.

Tragic death

Griboyedov did receive a promotion and the status of ambassador, but he was nevertheless returned to Tehran: only such a talented diplomat could cope with the most complicated political agreements.

Griboyedov's new appointment became a fatal epilogue in his fate: on the way from Tabriz to Tehran, where he was preparing for the upcoming wedding with Nina Chavchavadze, angry Muslim fanatics attacked the Russian diplomatic mission. There are many versions of the reasons for what happened, be it the disrespectful attitude of Griboyedov himself to the traditions of Persia and the ceremony of marriage to an Armenian woman, or the conspiracy of the British, executed by the hands of the Persians, the result remains the same: the most talented Russian playwright and selfless diplomat died in a foreign land, not having time to reunite with his beloved woman , but leaving the immortal "Woe from Wit" to the descendants as a keepsake.

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Brief biography of Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov

The great Russian writer, poet, composer, playwright and diplomat Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov was born on January 15, 1795 in Moscow. According to his contemporaries, the future writer was a very attentive, thoughtful child who developed very quickly.

Griboyedov's education began at the age of eight in the Noble boarding house. When he was eleven (!) Years old, he entered the university (in 1806). When he was fifteen years old, the future playwright, author of the famous comedy "", received the title of candidate of verbal sciences. Nevertheless, Griboyedov was very striving for knowledge, and continued his studies, first at the law, and then at the physics and mathematics faculties of Moscow University.

At this time, Griboyedov is very keen on literature, constantly present at all literary meetings and conferences. This played a big role in the biography of Griboyedov, he formed his preferences and worldview. In addition, at the same time as literature, he began to get involved in history. It was at this time that Griboyedov began to write his first literary works.

In 1812, a terrible year for Russia, Alexander Sergeevich volunteered for the hussar regiment under the command of Count Saltykov.

In 1826, Griboyedov was arrested. The police suspect him of close ties with the participants and organizers of the Decembrist uprising. The writer was acquitted, and he left for Turkey, serving as a diplomat at the Petersburg Collegium of Foreign Affairs.

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Griboyedov Alexander Sergeevich is a wonderful and versatile person, a Russian writer who, moreover, was a composer, poet and diplomat, who begins in Moscow on January 15, 1795.

Griboyedov biography

Since not everyone is interested in the details of the biographies of writers, but it is necessary to know about Griboyedov and the facts of his life, we propose to get acquainted with Griboyedov, his biography and work in a brief summary.

The future writer and author of the brilliant comedy Woe from Wit was born in an impoverished noble family. The future writer receives his first education at home, where the mother is engaged in the education of her son. Further, the gifted boy studies at a boarding house in Moscow, after which he enters the university in the language department. At the age of 13, Griboyedov received his Ph.D. degree and entered the ethical and political department, and then the physics and mathematics department. Alexander Griboyedov was a very educated and talented young man who knew about ten languages ​​and was fluent in them.

Getting acquainted with the future writer Griboyedov and his short biography further, we learn that during the Patriotic War of 1812 he volunteered for the war, but he did not have to fight, as he ended up in a reserve regiment. Here in the service he writes articles and translates a French play.

In retirement, he continues to write, combining writing with diplomacy. Lives in St. Petersburg, writes comedies for the theater, moves in theatrical circles, and later goes to Persia, performing the role of the secretary of the embassy. Here in Persia, Griboyedov begins his work on the famous comedy Woe from Wit, which he continued to write in the Caucasus.

There were also arrests in the biography of Griboyedov, since the writer was suspected of involvement with the Decembrists, but for lack of evidence, they could not prove his involvement in the uprising, and Griboyedov was released.

A.S. Griboyedov was a good diplomat, so in 1826 he was sent to Persia, where he concludes a peace treaty, after which he remains to work there as an ambassador. But, he did not have long to work at the embassy, ​​because in 1829, during the Tehran riot, Griboyedov died at the hands of an enraged crowd at the age of 34. Griboyedov was buried in Tbilisi.

Biography of Griboyedov interesting facts

If we speak in the biography of Griboyedov and interesting facts, then it is worth saying that Griboyedov knew ten foreign languages ​​and spoke fluently in all.
Griboyedov was the second.
The writer wrote two waltzes for piano.
Griboyedov was once wounded in a duel, which later made it possible to identify the writer's body.