Passionate nature or sick soul katerina izmailova. Lady macbeth of the mtsensk district the story of the tragic love and crimes of katerina izmailova

Katerina Lvovna Izmailova is the main character of NS Leskov's essay "Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District". It is no coincidence that Nikolai Semenovich compares Katerina Izmailova with Shakespeare's Lady Macbeth. The lives of these women were shrouded in death and murder.

Katerina Izmailova was born into a poor family and at the age of nineteen she married a wealthy merchant. The marriage was not concluded for love, so it cannot be said that Katerina Lvovna was happy. She spent time bored and not experiencing strong emotions and feelings. She floated with the flow of life, not caring about anything. After meeting Sergei, the clerk, Katerina's life changes.

In search of something new, new emotions, feelings, the main character falls in love with Sergei, who artificially creates this love, pursuing his own goal - to destroy the family and become a merchant.

Katerina Lvovna, having once fallen in love, can no longer return to her former life.

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Sergei becomes the center of her life, she loses herself in passionate love for him.

For the sake of her beloved, Katerina goes to the murders that she commits without spending much time thinking. Passion destroys fear, pity and sympathy in Katerina's soul, this passion only gave rise to cruelty. The heroine's hand rises even on the pious boy, Fedya, sent to her as salvation, cleansing from what she does and what kind of person she turns into.

Katerina Lvovna was distinguished by physical strength, but was she really strong spiritually? All her thoughts were devoted to only one person. The feeling of passionate love turned out to be all-consuming, destructive for her. Katerina Izmailova was a passionate woman. She gave all of herself to a person who expects from her, on the contrary, not love, but benefit.

NS. Leskov showed a different love, one that absorbs a person completely, leaving him no choice.

Having learned the story of Katerina Izmailova, a passionate nature, it becomes scary how much one person can lose himself in another, how passion can be higher than reason and morality, bringing trouble and death.

Updated: 2018-02-28

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> Compositions based on the work of Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk district

The mystery of the female soul

What does a woman dream about? - A real mystery to this day. The female soul is so incomprehensible, and the soul of Ekaterina Lvovna, the main character of the essay, is no exception. What does she want, what drives her and why does she not immediately show her character, which is distinguished by assertiveness, passion and purposefulness. Apparently, this love changes people in such a way. It would seem that such a lofty and bright feeling should inspire a person, make him better, but in the case of the merchant's wife, a terrible metamorphosis occurs, and she is driven by base and animal instincts.

So, plucking up courage, Katerina goes to her father-in-law with a request to let her lover go, and when he refuses, threatening her and shaming her, she, without batting an eye, poisons him. Katerina's mind is so clouded, and her heart is engulfed in the fire of love, that she does not notice how the chosen one is manipulating her. Then, inspired by Sergey's ideas about their marriage, Katerina Lvovna decides to make a master out of her beloved, and for this she cold-bloodedly kills her legal spouse - the merchant Izmailov. Perhaps the most cruel act is the murder of a child - Fyodor Lyamin, a small heir who claims to be part of the capital of the Izmailov merchant family. It is surprising that Catherine, who is nursing a new life under her heart, went to such an atrocity. Even more surprising is the behavior and deed of the merchant's wife in relation to her child. After all, she so dreamed of motherhood, and this child is also the fruit of love with her dear Seryozhechka. Katerina, as if spellbound in a passion for the clerk. She does not see anything, in front of her there is only one desire to be close to her beloved, even if it is a thorny path through the stage. Ekaterina Lvovna is blind in her love.

As you know, there is a time to scatter stones, and a time to collect stones. So Katerina paid for her atrocities in full, and if for Sergei, the punishment is hard labor, then for a woman it is the betrayal of her lover, the exposure of his vile guise. Even realizing all the futility of sinful actions, and also that Sergei's love is just a dummy, an empty phrase, the main character is happy to be deceived further. But everything has its limit - the beloved man begins to mock Katerina, showing attention to other women, mocking the merchant. Seized with jealousy and absorbed in the pain of betrayal, Katerina kills herself by drowning in the Volga, not forgetting to take her main rival Sonetka with her.

Katerina, like any woman, wants to love and be loved, but in her aspiration she violates all the laws of morality and God's laws. Seeing no obstacles, she goes ahead, literally over the corpses to her goal - the love and attention of an unworthy man. Despite all the crimes and evil in her soul, she is only an executor, an instrument in the skillful hands of the executioner, who is her beloved Sergei.

Passionate nature or sick soul

in Leskov's essay "Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District".

Literature lesson in grade 10.

Teacher Shulepova Irina Anatolyevna

Didactic goal : to promote the formation of UUD in the process of comprehending and comprehending the idea of ​​Leskov's essay by means of enhancing the independent cognitive activity of students.

Lesson type : a lesson in learning new material and primary reinforcement.

Planned results (content goals):

Subject :

Know the concept of "sketch";

Compare characters from different works;

To assess the actions of the heroes;

Analyze the text of a work of art.

Metasubject:

Cognitive :

Find the necessary information in the text;

Analyze, compare, contrast, generalize, draw conclusions.

Communicative :

Cooperate productively, communicate with peers in solving various educational problems;

Formulate and express your own opinion on the problem of the lesson,

Adequately use speech means for solving various communication problems.

Regulatory :

Choose actions in accordance with the assigned tasks;

Correct your own answers.

Personal:

To develop sense formation;

To form an artistic taste;

Develop the ability for independent learning activities;

To educate a creative reader, an empathetic listener;

To educate the civic, moral qualities of the individual.

Teaching methods : reproductive, partially exploratory.

Forms of organizing the cognitive activity of students : frontal, individual, group.

During the classes.

There is righteous happiness, there is sinful happiness.

The righteous will not step over anyone,

and the sinful will step over .

Leskov "Non-lethal Golovan".

Fear the man whose God is in heaven .

B. Shaw.

Organization of the lesson.

1. Introductory speech of the teacher.

The essay "Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District" was first published in the magazine "Epoch" in 1865 under the title "Lady Macbeth of Our District". The story shows the inextricable connection of capital with a love crime. This is one of the artistic heights of Leskov's work. The main content of NS Leskov's essay "Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District" is the theme of love, the theme of tragic women's fate.

2.Genre originality .

Give the definition of the essay.

Feature article - one of the varieties of a small form of epic literature - a story, which differs from its other form, a novella, by the absence of a single, acute and quickly resolving conflict and by a more developed descriptive image.

An essay is an artistic and journalistic genre that combines logical-rational and emotional-figurative ways of reflecting reality to solve certain aspects of the concept of a person or social life.

Essay literaturetouches not on the problems of the formation of a personality's character in its conflicts with an established social environment, as is inherent in a novel (and a novel), but the problems of the civil and moral state of the “environment” (usually embodied in individuals) - “moral descriptive” problems; she has a great cognitive variety.Essay literatureusually combines the features of fiction and journalism.

3. Semantics of the name, its comprehension.

The first part of the title refers us to Shakespeare's tragedy "Macbeth"

The pre-trained student briefly recounts the content of the tragedy.

Output : Shakespeare made Macbeth the complete embodiment of political despotism and ambition. Lady Macbeth is like her husband in many ways. But this regal woman's heart turned to stone. All her senses are subordinated to ambition. Even her love is ambitious. She loves Macbeth because he is superior to all other people. What is important to her is not the joy that a loving woman receives from a man's reciprocal feelings, but his ability to exalt himself and at the same time her. She wants to be the wife of the first person in the state. Such love happens, it can be sincere and strong in its own way, but, of course, it is a perversion of true love.

What distinguishes her from Macbeth is her decisiveness. Her ambition is truly passion, blind, impatient and indomitable. She is an iron woman, a devil in a beautiful guise. If Macbeth's ambition is a passion that fights against his moral consciousness, then in it it is a mania that has destroyed all other feelings. She is completely devoid of moral concepts.

What is the strangeness of the name of Leskov's work?

(The clash of concepts from various stylistic layers: "Lady Macbeth" is an association with Shakespeare's tragedy, a lady is a lady from high society, so we correlate the work with high content, sublime style. with a remote Russian province).

Output by name : the author expands the scope of what is happening in the essay. Regardless of what social group belongs to, what social status a person (woman) has, he is capable of experiencing both high and low feelings, desires, and aspirations. Both good and evil coexist in it equally.

4. Analysis of the essay.

Who is the main character? (Katerina Lvovna Izmailova)

We pose the problematic question of the lesson: “Who is Katerina Izmailova -passionate nature or a sick soul? "

What was the characterKaterina Izmailova? Confirm with text.

("The character was ardent", that is, passionate, she was accustomed to simplicity and freedom)

(text - beginning, 1 paragraph)

Katerina Izmailova, both in life and in love, could achieve a lot.

Tell her marriage story. (Artistic retelling-monologue (the story of Katerina's marriage) from the first person. (1 chapter)).

Output : in the life of Katerina Izmailova there is no love, only boredom, therefore she is looking for activities, entertainment on the side.

Is Katerina Izmailova to blame for this?

(both yes and no. Yes, because her life was not filled spiritually: Katerina Izmailova did not love her husband, did not have what she loved, did not pray, did not read. No, because her husband did not love her either)

And passion had to find its manifestation, her ardent nature had to "unfold in all its breadth"

How did her passion begin?

(from a meeting with Sergei, from how she was weighed: "Dikovina")

Outlandish earthly gravity means a monstrous, but still latent force. And what does the little man say to this: "Does our body pull?"

How do you understand his words? (it is not the body that leaves traces on the ground, but the human soul in human memory).

What is Sergey? How does it behave?

(appearance: "with a cocky handsome face"

Aksinya about Sergei: "How brave!"

With Katerina Izmailova: "Sergei whispered cheekily")

Output : he knows what he is doing, it is not love that is felt in him, but calculation. This confirms

For what? (for money, power)

What is Katerina Izmailova in love?

She expected something special from life - love. And a chance meeting kindled her soul so much that she asks her father-in-law for her lover. When she was refused, she poisoned her father-in-law.

Does she have regret, any movement of conscience?

(no, passion captured her soul and outgrows the limits of treason) "She was mad with her happiness." But happiness is different. Leskov has the following words (see the epigraph): “There is righteous happiness, there is sinful happiness. The righteous will not step over anyone, but the sinner will step over everything. "

What is Katerina Izmailova stepping over?

(through God's commandments - do not commit adultery, do not kill.)

Once killed, it can easily kill again. Tell about the murder of your husband (chapters 7–8).

According to the Bible, the law of marriage: "Two are one flesh." And Katerina Lvovna crushed this flesh with her own hands - calmly, even with sharp pride in her irresistibility.

Remember the epigraph to the sketch. How was he understood?

(After all, this is just “singing the first song with a blush,” “blushing,” embarrassed, not yet daring to take decisive actions, and then it will go on by itself.)

And now Katerina Lvovna lives, “reigns”, even carries a child under her heart. Everything seems to have happened according to the ideal (remember, I wanted to give birth to a baby for fun ”). This lofty ideal - motherhood - clashes with another lofty Christian ideal - do not commit adultery, because the child is not from a husband - from a lover. Let us recall Katerina from Ostrovsky's “Thunderstorm”, who, having violated this divine law, could no longer live calmly: she confessed to treason, because her conscience did not allow her to step over sinful happiness.)

- Does Katerina Izmailova have a conscience? (Leskov's heroine does not have this, only wonderful dreams are still disturbing.)

Tell about Katerina Lvovna's dreams.

1st dream - chapter 6 (for now the cat is just a cat).

2nd dream - chapter 7 (a cat that looks like Boris Timofeevich, killed).

Output: It turns out to be not so easy to “sing a song”.

Dreams are symbolic. Could it be that conscience awakens in the young merchant's wife? (Not yet.)

Symbolic words are also heard in the mouth of grandmother Fedya (chapter 10: "Work hard, Katerinushka ...") - read it.

How do you understand? (amulets of the youth of God)

- How did Katerina work? (She killed Fedya.)

And before the next murder, “for the first time, her own child turned under her heart, and she felt cold in her chest” (Chapter 10).

- Is it accidental that Leskov mentions this detail?

(Nature itself, female nature warns her against the planned crime. But no, she does not heed the voice of the soul, the light of the baby did not pierce the darkness of the soul: “He who started with evil, he will be mired in him” (Shakespeare).

Unlike the first two murders, retribution came immediately. How did it happen?

- Why do you think - right away?

(A pure, angelic, sinless soul is ruined. A little sufferer, a youth pleasing to God; even the name is symbolic: "Fedor" in Greek means "God's gift".)

Look at the reproduction of the painting by I. Glazunov "Boy". What did the artist emphasize?

(The big-eyed youth against the background of icons, the pen on the chest as a paraphrasis of the passions for Dmitry killed)

The arrest of Katerina is a reproach for what she had done before God. And Katerina Izmailova never mentioned God. What is it? Maybe in Mtsensk district all people are atheists? Confirm your thought with the text (ch. 12): "Our people are devout ..."

The words about Katerina Izmaylova sound like an antithesis: "She's lost ..."

Output : the highest moral law is violated, the commandment of God - “Thou shalt not kill”; for the highest value on earth is human life. That is why the depth of the moral downfall of Katerina and Sergei is so great.

What does the unleashed passion lead to?

(Freedom, not knowing moral restrictions, turns into its opposite. Passionate nature, being in the power of "freedom" of crime, is inevitably doomed to death.)

So, the judgment of the earth, the judgment of men has taken place. Did he make a special impression on Katerina Lvovna? Confirm with text (chap. 13).

(She still loves.)

Tell us about the relationship between Katerina Izmailova and Sergei in hard labor.

Has hard labor changed Leskov's heroine?

(Yes, now this is not a cold-blooded killer, causing horror and amazement, but a loving rejected woman.)

- Feel sorry for her? Why?

(She is a victim, a rejected, but she still loves, even more (Ch. 14). The more reckless her love, the more frank and cynical Sergei's abuse of her and her feelings. seasoned convicts).

Bernard Shaw warned: "Fear the man whose God is in heaven." How do you understand these words?

(God is conscience, an inner judge. There is no such God in the soul - a man is terrible. This is Sergei. Such was Katerina Lvovna before the hard labor.)

The changes in Katherine will help to see the appeal to the symbolism of landscape scenes.

Independent work on landscape analysis (work on the text with a pencil, 3 minutes). (The table is completed in the course of work.)

Questions on the chalkboard:

What color is more common in describing nature?

Find the word-image that Leskov uses in this passage?

What is the symbolism of the landscape scene?

Option 2.
Text, ch. 15.
"The most bleak picture", "hell",
dirt, darkness, gray sky, the wind groans.

Symbolism.
Dirt, darkness on the street is “hell”, but light in the soul is “heaven” (cleansing pain)

Output : through physical pain, a person comes to awareness, a feeling of the soul. Shakespeare in his tragedy said about Lady Macbeth: "She is sick not in body, but in soul."

Katerina Izmailova has a sick soul. But the limit of her own suffering and torment awakens glimpses of moral consciousness in Leskov's heroine, who had never known either a sense of guilt or a sense of remorse.

The Volga brings to mind another Katerina - from Ostrovsky's "The Thunderstorm". We feel: the denouement is approaching. But Katerina Kabanova dies herself, and Katerina Izmailova takes with her another soul - Sonetka. The soul of Katerina Lvovna, for a moment, seemed to enter the beam of light and again plunged into darkness.

5. The result of the conversation-analysis.

I would like to quote L. Anninsky: “A terrible unpredictability is found in the souls of heroes. What kind of "Thunderstorm" by Ostrovsky is - there is not a ray of light, here a fountain of blood beats from the bottom of the soul: here "Anna Karenina" is foreshadowed - revenge of "demonic passion". Here Dostoevsky is matched with the problematic - not without reason did Dostoevsky published "Lady Macbeth ..." in his magazine. You cannot fit Leskov's heroine into any typology - a four-time murderer for the sake of love. "

How do you answer the question of the topic “Who is Katerina Izmailova -passionate nature or a sick soul? " Argument.

6. Reflection .

What have you discovered for yourself in this essay on classical Russian literature?

Homework: write an essay-comparison of Katerina Kabanova and Katerina Izmailova.

The daughter of the common people, who inherited the popular sweep of passions, a girl from a poor family becomes a prisoner of a merchant's house, where there is neither a sound of a living, nor a human voice, but only a short stitch from a samovar to a bedchamber. The transformation of a bourgeoisie, languishing with boredom and excess of strength, is accomplished when the district heartthrob pays attention to her.

Love scatters over Katerina Lvovna the starry sky, which she has not seen before from her mezzanine: Look, Seryozha, what a paradise, what a paradise! The heroine exclaims childishly innocently on a golden night, looking through the thick branches of a blossoming apple tree covering her at the clear blue sky, on which stood a full, fine month.

But it is no coincidence that in the pictures of love, the harmony is disturbed by the suddenly invading discord. The feeling of Katerina Lvovna cannot be free from the instincts of the proprietary world and not fall under the influence of its laws. Love, striving for freedom, turns into a predatory-destructive beginning.

Katerina Lvovna was now ready for Sergei into the fire, into the water, into the dungeon and on the cross. He fell in love with her to the point that there was no measure of devotion to him. She was mad with her happiness; her blood was boiling, and she could no longer listen to anything ...

And at the same time, the blind passion of Katerina Lvovna is immeasurably greater, more significant than self-interest, which gives shape to her fateful acts, class interests. No, her inner world is not shaken by the court's decision, not agitated by the birth of a child: for her there was no light, no darkness, no thinness, no good, no boredom, no joys. All my life without a trace was consumed by passion. When the party of prisoners sets out on the road and the heroine sees Sergei again, with him the hard labor way blooms with happiness. What is the height of the estate for her, from which she collapsed into the convict world, if she loves her beloved by her side too!

The estate world takes out Katerina Lvovna on the washed-out transit routes. For a long time he was preparing an executioner for her in the guise of a lover, who once beckoned to the fabulous Arabia, happy. Admitting that he never loved Katerina Lvovna, Sergei is trying to take away the only thing that constituted Izmailova's life, the past of her love. And then a completely inanimate woman, in the last heroic outburst of human dignity, takes revenge on her scoundrels and, dying, makes everyone around her petrify. Katerina Lvovna was trembling. Her wandering gaze focused and grew wild. Hands once or twice, who knows where, reached into space and fell again. Another minute and she suddenly swayed all over, without taking her eyes off the dark wave, bent down, grabbed Sonetka by the legs and in one fell swoop threw her overboard with her. Everyone was petrified with amazement.

Leskov portrayed a strong and passionate nature, awakened by the illusion of happiness, but walking towards her goal through crimes. The writer proved that this path has no way out, but only a dead end awaited the heroine, and there could be no other way.

This wonderful work served as the basis for the opera by D. D. Shostakovich Katerina Izmailova, written in 1962. Which once again proves the uncommonness of the work of N. S. Leskov, who managed to find and convey the typical character traits of Katerina Lvovna, revealed so tragically and leading the heroine to inevitable death.

Each writer in his work creates a world (which is usually called artistic), which differs not only from other artistic worlds, but also from the real world. Moreover, it has long been noticed that in different works of the same writer, the worlds can also be different, varying depending on the characters of the characters portrayed, on the complexity of the social or spiritual situation portrayed by the author.

The above refers primarily to the work of such original and distinctive writers as N. S.

The plots, heroes, themes of his works are so diverse that sometimes it is quite difficult to form an idea of ​​any artistic unity.

However, they have a lot in common, in particular: motives, tonality, character traits of characters and main characters. Therefore, after reading several of Leskov's works and opening another, you involuntarily already tune in to a certain mood, imagine the situation, environment, atmosphere, plunging into which, you discover a wonderful and beautiful world in its originality.

Leskov's world to an unprepared reader may seem strange, gloomy, because it is inhabited mainly by heroes-truth-seekers, surrounded by ignorant fools, for whom the only goal is prosperity and tranquility. However, thanks to the power of Leskov's unique talent, life-affirming motives prevail in the depiction of heroes. Hence the feeling of inner beauty and harmony of the artistic world Leskov's heroes are surprisingly pure and noble, their speech is simple and at the same time beautiful, as it conveys thoughts containing eternal truths about the power of good, about the need for mercy and self-sacrifice. The inhabitants of the vast Leskovsky world are so real that the reader is sure that they are written off from nature. We have no doubt that the author did indeed meet with them during his many travels across Russia. But no matter how ordinary and simple these people are, they are all righteous, as Leskov himself defines them. People who rise above the line of simple morality and therefore are holy to the Lord. The reader clearly understands the author's goal to draw attention to the Russian people, to its character and soul. Leskov manages to fully reveal the character of the Russian person with all its pluses and minuses.

What is especially striking when reading Leskov's works is the belief of his heroes in God and boundless love for their homeland. These feelings are so sincere and strong that a person, overwhelmed by them, can overcome all the obstacles that stand in his way. In general, a Russian person is always ready to sacrifice everything and even his life in order to achieve the set goal, lofty and beautiful. Someone sacrifices themselves for the sake of faith, someone for the sake of the Fatherland, and Katerina Izmailova, the heroine of Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk district, sacrificed everything in order to save her love, and when all methods and means were tried, and the way out of this situation was was not found, she threw herself into the river. This is similar to the ending of Ostrovsky's play, where Katerina Kabanova dies because of her love, and in this Leskov are similar.

But no matter how beautiful and pure in soul a Russian person is, he also has negative qualities, one of which is a tendency to drunkenness. And Leskov denounces this vice in many of his works, the heroes of which understand that drinking is stupid and ridiculous, but they cannot help themselves. This is probably also a purely Russian characteristic of the behavior to divert the soul, pouring wine over the grief.

Growing up in the bosom of nature, among beautiful landscapes, space and light, a simple Leskov hero from the people strives for something sublime, for beauty and love. For each specific hero, this desire manifests itself in its own way: for Ivan Flyagin it is a love for horses, and for Mark Aleksandrov it is an enthusiastic attitude towards art, towards the icon.

Leskov's world is the world of Russian people, anxiously created and preserved by them for themselves. All works were written by Leskov with such an understanding of even the most incomprehensible depths of the human psyche, with such love for the righteous and Russia that the reader involuntarily imbued with Leskov's manner of writing, begins to really think about those issues that once worried the writer and have not lost their relevance and in our time.

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Homework on the topic: Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk district the story of the tragic love and crimes of Katerina Izmailova.

Class: 10

Katerina Izmailova - “lightning generated by
by the darkness itself and only brighter emphasizing
impenetrable darkness of merchant life.
V. Gebel.

"What kind of" Thunderstorm "Ostrovsky - there is no ray
light, here a fountain of blood beats from the bottom of the soul: here
"Anna Karenina" foreshadowed - revenge
"Demonic passion".
A. Anninsky.

During the classes

Organization of the lesson.

Introductory speech of the teacher.

“Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District” was first published in the Epoch magazine in 1865 under the title “Lady Macbeth of Our District”. The story shows the inextricable link between capital and crime. This is a tragic story of the rebellion of a woman's soul against the deadening atmosphere of merchant life. This is one of the artistic heights of Leskov's work. So, the main content of NS Leskov's work "Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District" is the theme of love, the theme of tragic women's fate.

Love is a great joy and a heavy cross, revelation and mystery, tremendous suffering and the greatest happiness, and most importantly, that only by it, by love, the female soul lives and is preserved. The love of a Russian woman has always been warmed by a deep religious feeling, which raises the attitude towards her beloved, towards the family to a special spiritual height. She really saved herself and her family, giving them all the warmth and tenderness of her beautiful soul. This tradition comes from folklore. Remember Maryushka from the Russian folk tale “Finista's feather is clear of the falcon”? In search of her beloved, she trampled three pairs of iron shoes, broke three iron staffs, devoured three stone breads. But the power to break the spell was in her herself, in her bright and clear soul. And Yaroslavna from “The Lay of Igor's Campaign”, who “cries on Putivl”, yearning for her beloved! Or the love of Tatiana Larina from Eugene Onegin. Remember?

I love you -
Why dissemble? -
But I am given to another;
I will be faithful to him forever.

And here is the pure, light, although incomprehensible for others, love of Katerina from Ostrovsky's "Thunderstorm". For many women in Russian literature, love is not only a gift, but also a gift - disinterested, reckless, clean of bad thoughts. But there was another female love - love-passion, painful, invincible, transgressed everything - such as in the work of Leskov "Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk district."

1. Comprehension of the name.

Question: What is the strangeness of the name of Leskov's work?

(The clash of concepts from different stylistic layers: "Lady Macbeth" - an association with Shakespeare's tragedy; Mtsensk district - the relationship of the tragedy with a remote Russian province - the author expands the scale of what is happening in the story.)

2. Problem analysis of the story.

1) Let's turn to the image of Leskovskaya Katerina. How did love - passion come about? The floor is given to Katerina Izmailova.

Artistic retelling-monologue (the story of Katerina's marriage) in the first person. (Chapter 1.)

2) What caused the passion? (Boredom.)

3) Katerina in Ostrovsky's "The Thunderstorm" is sublimely light, poetic. And what was Katerina Lvovna like? (Chapter 2.)

4) King Macbeth has words (also about decisiveness).

I dare everything that a man dares,
And only the beast is capable of more.

“Unbearable” to her: for her awakened love-passion, easily overcoming any obstacles, everything is simple. (The father-in-law died - about the death of a man - in passing. It's scary.)

6) How does Katerina Lvovna live now without her husband? (Chapters 4, 6.)

7) "She was mad with her happiness." But happiness is different. Leskov has the following words: "There is righteous happiness, there is sinful happiness." The righteous will not step over anyone, but the sinner will step over everything.

Question: What kind of happiness does Katerina Lvovna have? Why?

(Happiness is “sinful.” She stepped over. Second murder with the same calmness.)

Tell about the murder of her husband (chapters 7–8).

8) According to the Bible, the law of marriage: "Two are one flesh." And Katerina Lvovna crushed this flesh with her own hands - calmly, even with sharp pride in her irresistibility. Remember the epigraph to the sketch. How was he understood?

(This is just "singing the first song with a blush," and then it will go on by itself.)

And now Katerina Lvovna lives, “reigns” (carries a child under her heart) - everything seems to have happened according to the ideal (remember, I wanted to give birth to a child “for fun”). This ideal logically collides with another - a lofty Christian ideal, which is not in the soul of Katerina Izmailova, but to which another Katerina is faithful to death - from Ostrovsky's "The Thunderstorm".

Question: What is this ideal? (Ten commandments of God, one of them is “do not commit adultery”; Katerina Kabanova, having violated it, could no longer live - her conscience did not allow.)

Question: And Katerina Izmailova? (Leskov's heroine does not have this, only wonderful dreams are still disturbing.)

9) Tell about Katerina Lvovna's dreams.

1st dream - chapter 6 (for now the cat is just a cat).

2nd dream - chapter 7 (a cat that looks like Boris Timofeevich, killed).

Conclusion: It is not so easy to “sing a song”.

10) Thus, dreams are symbolic. Could it be that conscience awakens in the young merchant's wife? (Not yet.)

Symbolic words are also heard in the mouth of grandmother Fedya (chapter 10) - read it.

Question: How did Katerina work? (She killed Fedya.)

And before the next murder, “for the first time, her own child turned under her heart, and she felt cold in her chest” (Chapter 10).

Question: Is it accidental that Leskov mentioned this detail?

(Nature itself, female nature warns her against the planned crime. But no: “He who started with evil, he will be mired in it.” (Shakespeare.)

11) Unlike the first two murders, retribution came immediately. How did it happen?

Question: Why do you think - right away?

(A pure, angelic, sinless soul is ruined. A little sufferer, a youth pleasing to God; even the name is symbolic: “Fedor in Greek means“ God's gift. ”But Katerina Izmailova never mentioned God. What is this? Maybe in Mtsensk all people in the county are atheists? Confirm your thought with the text (ch. 12.))

Conclusion: violated the highest moral law, the commandment of God - "Thou shalt not kill"; for the highest value on earth is human life. That is why the depth of the moral downfall of Katerina and Sergei is so great.

12) Reading an excerpt from F. Tyutchev's poem "There are two forces."

13) So, the judgment of the earth, the judgment of men has taken place. Did he make a special impression on Katerina Lvovna? Confirm with text (chap. 13).

(She still loves.)

14) Did penal servitude change Leskov's heroine?

(Yes, now this is not a cold-blooded killer, causing horror and amazement, but a loving rejected woman.)

Question: Do you feel sorry for her? Why?

(She is a victim, a rejected, but she still loves, even more (Ch. 14). The more reckless her love, the more frank and cynical Sergei's abuse of her and her feelings.)

Conclusion: the abyss of the moral fall of the former clerk is so terrible that even seasoned convicts are trying to convince him.

15) Bernard Shaw warned: "Fear the man whose God is in heaven." How do you understand these words?

(God is conscience, an inner judge. There is no such God in the soul - a man is terrible. Such was Katerina Lvovna before the hard labor. This is how Sergei remained.)

16) And the heroine has changed. What is now more interested in Leskov: the passionate nature or the soul of a rejected woman? (Soul.)

17) Shakespeare in his tragedy said about Lady Macbeth:

She is sick not in body, but in soul.

Question: Can you say that about Katerina Izmailova? An appeal to the symbolism of landscape scenes will help to answer this question.

18) Independent work on the analysis of the landscape (work on the text with a pencil, 3 minutes).

(The table is completed in the course of work.)

Questions on the chalkboard:

1. What color is more common in describing nature?
2. Find the word-image that Leskov uses in this passage?
3. What is the symbolism of the landscape scene?

Conclusions: Katerina Izmailova has a sick soul. But the limit of her own suffering and torment awakens glimpses of moral consciousness in Leskov's heroine, who had never known either a sense of guilt or a sense of remorse.

19) How Leskov shows the awakening of feelings of guilt in Katerina (Ch. 15).

The Volga brings to mind another Katerina - from Ostrovsky's "The Thunderstorm".

Assignment: Determine the difference in the tragic outcome of the fate of the heroines Leskov and Ostrovsky.

(Katerina Ostrovsky, according to Dobrolyubov, is “a ray of light in the dark kingdom.” And there are two reviews about Katerina Izmailova (written on the board):

Katerina Izmailova - "lightning, generated by the darkness itself and only brighter emphasizing the impenetrable darkness of merchant life."
V. Gebel

“What kind of“ Thunderstorm ”by Ostrovsky - there is not a ray of light, here a fountain of blood beats from the bottom of the soul: here“ Anna Karenina ”is foreshadowed - revenge of“ demonic passion ”.
L. Anninsky.

Question: Which of the researchers "read" more deeply into the image of Katerina Izmailova, understood and felt it?

(L. Anninsky. After all, he saw the "fountain of blood" not only in vain killed by Katerina, but also the blood of her ruined soul.)

Results, generalization.

1. Who is she, Katerina Izmailova? Passionate nature or ...?

Please fill in.

To answer, decide what love turned out to be for Katerina Lvovna? (With great suffering and a heavy cross, her soul is unable to endure it, that is, to remain pure, unblemished. On the altar for love, Katerina Izmailova sacrifices everything, including her own life.)

(Students complete the question: "Passionate nature or a sick soul?")

2. I would like to quote L. Anninsky: “A terrible unpredictability is found in the souls of heroes. What kind of "Thunderstorm" by Ostrovsky is - there is not a ray of light, here a fountain of blood beats from the bottom of the soul: here "Anna Karenina" is foreshadowed - revenge of "demonic passion". Here Dostoevsky is matched with the problematic - not without reason did Dostoevsky published "Lady Macbeth ..." in his magazine. You cannot fit Leskov's heroine into any typology - a four-time murderer for the sake of love. "

3. So what is the mystery of the female soul? Do not know? And I don’t know. And it's great that we do not know this exactly: there will still be questions for reflection on the Russian classics.

One thing seems to me to be true: the basis of a woman's soul - and indeed of a human soul in general - is love, about which F. Tyutchev so amazingly told. (Reading the poem by F. Tyutchev "Union of the soul with the soul of the native.")

Homework: Write a reflection essay

1. "Fatal duel" (love drama of Katerina Izmailova).
2. “The mirror of the soul is her deed”. (W. Shakespeare) (One topic to choose from.)