The message on the topic is three truths. Essay on the topic: Three truths in Gorky's play "On the Bottom"

The fox knows a lot of truths, and the Hedgehog knows one, but a big one.
Archilochus

The play At the Bottom is a socio-philosophical drama. More than a hundred years have passed since the creation of the work, the social conditions that Gorky exposed have changed, but the play has not become outdated to this day. Why? Because it raises an "eternal" philosophical theme that never ceases to excite people. Usually, for a Gorky play, this topic is formulated as follows: a dispute about truth and lies. Such a formulation is clearly insufficient, since truth and falsehood by themselves do not exist - they are always associated with a person. Therefore, it would be more accurate to formulate the philosophical theme "At the Bottom" in a different way: a dispute about true and false humanism. Gorky himself, in the famous monologue of Satin from the fourth act, connects truth and lies not only with humanism, but also with human freedom: “Man is free ... he pays for everything himself: for faith, for unbelief, for love, for the mind - a person he pays for everything himself, and therefore he is free! Man - that's the truth! " It follows from this that the author in the play talks about man - truth - freedom, that is, about the main moral categories of philosophy. Since it is impossible to unambiguously define these worldview categories (“the last questions of mankind,” as FM Dostoevsky called them), Gorky presented in his drama several points of view on the problems posed. The drama became polyphonic (the theory of polyphonism in a work of fiction was developed by MM Bakhtin in his book The Poetics of Dostoevsky). In other words, several heroes-ideologists act in the play, each with its own "voice", that is, with a special point of view on the world and man.

It is generally accepted that Gorky portrayed two ideologists - Satin and Luka, but in fact there are at least four of them: Bubnov and Kostylev should be added to those named. According to Kostylev, the truth is not needed at all, as it threatens the well-being of the “masters of life”. In the third act, Kostylev talks about real wanderers and simultaneously expresses his attitude to the truth: “A strange man ... not like the others ... If he is truly strange ... knows something ... learned something like that .. ... not needed by anyone ... maybe he found out the truth there ... well, not every truth is needed ... yes! He - keep it to himself ... and - shut up! If he is really strange ... he is silent! Otherwise he says that no one understands ... And he does not want anything, does not interfere with anything, does not stir up people in vain ... ”(III). Indeed, why does Kostylev need the truth? In words, he is for honesty and work ("It is necessary that a person be useful ... so that he works ..." III), but in fact he buys stolen goods from Ashes.

Bubnov always speaks the truth, but this is the "truth of the fact", which only captures the disorder, the injustice of the existing world. Bubnov does not believe that people can live better, more honestly, helping each other, as in a righteous land. Therefore, he calls all dreams of such a life "fairy tales" (III). Bubnov frankly admits: “In my opinion - take away the whole truth as it is! Why be ashamed? " (III). But man cannot be satisfied with the hopeless "truth of the fact." Bubnov's truth is opposed by the Tick when he shouts: “What is the truth? Where is the truth? (...) No work ... no strength! Here's the truth! (...) I must die ... here it is, really! (...) What is it to me - the truth? " (III). Another hero also opposes the "truth of fact", the one who believed in the righteous land. This faith, says Luke, helped him live. And when the belief in the possibility of a better life was destroyed, the man hanged himself. There is no righteous land - this is “the truth of the fact”, but to say that it should never exist at all is a lie. That is why Natasha explains the death of the hero of the parable as follows: “I could not bear the deception” (III).

The most interesting ideological hero in the play is, of course, Luke. Critics' assessments of this strange wanderer are very different - from admiration for the old man's generosity to the exposure of his harmful consolation. Obviously, these are extreme estimates, and therefore one-sided. More convincing seems to be an objective, calm assessment of Luka, which belongs to I.M. Moskvin, the first performer of the role of an old man on the stage. The actor played Luka as a kind and intelligent person, in whose consolations there is no self-interest. The same is noted in the play by Tambourines: "Here Luka, approximately, lies a lot ... and without any benefit to himself ... Why would he?" (III).

Reproaches made against Luke do not stand up to serious criticism. It should be specially noted that the old man does not "lie" anywhere. He advises Ash to go to Siberia, where he can start a new life. And it is true. His story about a free hospital for alcoholics, which made a strong impression on the Actor, is true, which is confirmed by special investigations by literary scholars (see the article by Vs. Troitsky "Historical realities in the play by M. Gorky" At the bottom "" // Literature at school, 1980 , No. 6). Who can say that Luke is disingenuous in describing the afterlife to Anna? He comforts a dying person. Why blame him? He tells Nastya that he believes in her romance with the noble Gaston-Raoul, because he sees in the story of the unfortunate girl not just a lie, like Bubnov, but a poetic dream.

Luka's critics also claim that the harm from the old man's consolations tragically affected the fate of the night lodgers: the old man did not save anyone, did not really help anyone, the death of the Actor was on Luke's conscience. How easy it is to blame one person for everything! He came to the degraded people, to whom no one cares, and consoled them as best he could. Neither the state, nor the officials, nor the lodgers themselves are to blame - Luka is to blame! True, the old man did not save anyone, but he did not destroy anyone either - he did what was in his power: he helped people feel like people, the rest depended on themselves. And the Actor - a drunken drunkard with experience - has absolutely no willpower to stop drinking. Vaska Ashes in a stressful state, learning that Vasilisa crippled Natalia, accidentally kills Kostylev. Thus, the reproaches made against Luke seem unconvincing: Luke never "lies" and is not to blame for the misfortunes that happened to the night lodgers.

Usually, researchers, condemning Luke, agree that Satin, in contrast to the cunning wanderer, formulates the correct ideas about freedom - truth - man: "Lies are the religion of slaves and masters ... Truth is the god of a free man!" Satin explains the reasons for the lie in this way: “Whoever is weak in soul ... and who lives in someone else’s juices - those need lies ... some it supports, others hide behind it ... And who is his own master ... who is independent and does not eat someone else's - why should that lie? " (Iv). If you decipher this statement, you get the following: Kostylev lies because “he lives by someone else’s juices”, and Luka - because he is “weak at heart”. Kostylev's position, obviously, should be rejected immediately, Luka's position requires serious analysis. Satin demands to look life directly in the eyes, and Luka looks around in search of a consoling deception. Satin's truth differs from Bubnov's truth: Bubnov does not believe that a person can rise above himself; Satin, unlike Bubnov, believes in a person, in his future, in his creative talent. That is, Satin is the only character in the play who knows the truth.

What is the author's position in the dispute about truth - freedom - a person? Some literary scholars argue that only in the words of Satin the author's position is stated, however, it can be assumed that the author's position combines the ideas of Satin and Luke, but is not completely exhausted even by both of them. In other words, in Gorky, Satin and Luka as ideologists are not opposed, but complement each other.

On the one hand, Satin himself admits that Luke, by his behavior and conversations-consolations, pushed him (in the past, an educated telegraph operator, and now a tramp) to think about Man. On the other hand, Luke and Satin - both talk about good, about faith in the best that always lives in a person's soul. Satin recalls how Luke answered the question: "Why do people live?" The old man said: "For the best!" (Iv). But does not Satin, speaking about Man, repeat the same thing? Luke says about people: “People ... They will find and invent everything! You just need to help them ... you need to respect ... ”(III). Satin formulates a similar thought: “We must respect a person! Do not regret ... do not humiliate him with pity ... you must respect! " (Iv). The difference between these statements is only in the fact that Luke emphasizes respect for a specific person, and Satin - a Person. Diverging in particulars, they agree on the main thing - in the assertion that man is the highest truth and value of the world. In Satin's monologue, respect and pity are opposed, but one cannot say for sure that this is the final author's position: pity, like love, does not exclude respect. On the third hand, Luke and Satin are outstanding personalities who in the play never clash in an argument. Luke realizes that Satin does not need his consolations, and Satin, carefully observing the old man in the shelter, never once ridiculed him, did not cut him off.

Summarizing what has been said, it should be noted that in the socio-philosophical drama "At the Bottom", the main and most interesting is the philosophical content. This idea is proved by the very construction of Gorky's play: almost all the heroes participate in the discussion of the philosophical problem of man - truth - freedom, while in the everyday storyline only four sort things out (Ash, Natalya, the Kostylev couple). Many plays have been written showing the hopeless life of the poor in pre-revolutionary Russia, but it is very difficult to name another play, except for the drama At the Bottom, in which, along with social problems, the “last” philosophical questions would be posed and successfully resolved.

The author's position (the fifth in a row, but perhaps not the last) in the play "At the Bottom" is created as a result of repulsion from false points of view (Kostyleva and Bubnov) and the complementarity of two other points of view (Luke and Satina). The author in a polyphonic work, according to the definition of M.M. Bakhtin, does not join any of the points of view expressed: the solution of the philosophical questions posed belongs to more than one hero, but is the result of a search for all participants in the action. The author, as a conductor, organizes a polyphonic choir of heroes "singing" the same theme in different voices.

Still, there is no final solution to the question of truth - freedom - in Gorky's drama. However, this is how it should be in a play that poses "eternal" philosophical questions. The open ending of the work makes the reader himself think about them.

Essay based on the play by Maxim Gorky "At the Bottom" on the topic:

Three "truths" in M. Gorky's play "At the Bottom"

The title of the play by Maxim Gorky surprisingly accurately reflects its content. The heroes of the work are really at the very bottom of their lives, and not only in terms of their way of existence (they live in a shelter, drink, many do not have a job), but also in the spiritual aspect: people have lost hope and faith.

There are three ideological heroes in the play with clearly expressed positions on the truth. Satin, the first of them, sees the truth in a person, a person as the very truth. He says: “What is the truth? Man - that's the truth! Lies are the religion of slaves and masters ... Truth is the god of a free man! " According to Satin's concept, people live for something better, and the truth is in themselves. A person is free, he is above everything, he must be respected, and not humiliated with pity, despite the fact that he is a thief or a swindler.

The position of the second hero, the wanderer Luke, is in many respects similar to that of Satin. For him, a person is also important, what he believes in. "A person must respect himself, what you believe in is what you are." To say that Luke is lying is perhaps not entirely true. It gives the heroes hope, faith, dream, returns the ability not to give up on the way to their goal. Thanks to Luka's stories, even the Actor, despite the sad ending, stops drinking for some time and embarks on the path of correction. Luke's position is also revealed by the story of “the righteous land,” which he tells in the flophouse. Her moral is that you don't need to look for this righteous land on maps and globes, you need to look for it in yourself, it is in each of us.

The third truth in the play is Bubnov's truth. His position is the truth of the fact, the truth as the absence of lies. In his opinion, “people all live like chips on the river” - they are unable to change anything, all people are born to die. “But I don’t know how to lie. What for? In my opinion, get the truth as it is! Why be ashamed, ”says Bubnov. “No matter how you paint a person, everything will be erased,” a person is incurable and he should not try to change something in himself, he completely depends on the environment from which he cannot get out - the meaning of Bubnov's convictions.

Colliding and interacting with each other, the three truths surprisingly organically show the reader the inner world of the flophouse. This also reveals the position of Gorky himself, who is a sharp opponent of the position of Tolstoy's non-resistance to evil and Dostoevsky's humility. “Man - it sounds proudly,” says Gorky through the lips of Satin. However, the author's position is more complicated than it might seem at first glance. M. Gorky's own worldview is a combination of Luke's comforting truth and the truth of Satin's man.

The play “At the Bottom” is still in the repertoires of many theaters, because it is relevant at all times, its problems are eternal, and Gorky’s view of man as one who “must become God himself if God is dead” attracts the audience with its decisiveness and power.

In the play At the Bottom, M. Gorky strives not only to draw attention to the fate of disadvantaged people by depicting a terrible reality. He created a truly innovative philosophical and journalistic drama. The content of seemingly disparate episodes is a tragic collision of three truths, three ideas about life.

The first truth is Bubnov's truth, it can be called the truth of the fact. Bubnov is convinced that a person is born to die and there is no need to feel sorry for him: “Everything is like this: they will be born, live, die. And I will die ... and you ... What to feel sorry for ... You are superfluous everywhere ... and all people on earth are superfluous. " As you can see, Bubnov completely denies both himself and others, his despair is generated by unbelief. For him, truth is the cruel, murderous oppression of inhuman circumstances.

Luke's truth is the truth of compassion and faith in God. Having looked closely at the tramps, he finds words of consolation for everyone. He is sensitive, kind to those who need help, he instills hope in everyone: he tells the Actor about a hospital for alcoholics, advises Ash to go to Siberia, Anna talks about happiness in the afterlife. What Luke says is not just a lie. Rather, he instills the belief that there is a way out of any hopeless situation. "Everyone is looking for people, everyone wants - what's best, give them, Lord, patience!" - Luke says sincerely and adds: “He who seeks - will find ... Only they need help ...” Luke brings saving faith to people. He thinks that pity, compassion, mercy, attention to a person can heal his soul, so that the very last thief would understand: “You have to live better! You have to live like this ... so that you can ... respect yourself ... "

The third truth is the truth of Satin. He believes in man as in God. He believes that a person can believe in himself and rely on his own strength. He sees no point in pity and compassion. "What good is it to you if I feel sorry for you?" - he asks Kleshch .. And then he pronounces his famous monologue about a person: “There is only a person, all the rest is the work of his hands and his brain! Human! It's great! It sounds - proudly! " Satin is not just talking about a strong personality. He speaks of a man who is able to rebuild the world at his own discretion, to create new laws of the universe - about a man-god.

Three truths in the play collide tragically, which determines just such a ending of the play. The problem is that in each of the truths there is a part of lies and that the very concept of truth is multidimensional. A striking example of this - and at the same time the moment of collision of different truths - Satin's monologue about a proud man. This monologue is delivered by a drunken, degraded person. And the question immediately arises: is this drunken, degraded person the same one who “sounds proudly”? A positive answer is doubtful, and if negative, then what about the fact that “only man exists? Does it mean that Satin speaking this monologue does not exist? It turns out that in order to perceive the truth of Satin's words about a proud person, one must not see Satin, whose appearance is also true.

It is terrible that an inhuman society is killing and maiming human souls. But the main thing in the play is that M. Gorky made his contemporaries feel even more acutely the injustice of the social order, made them think about man, his freedom. He says in his play: one must live without putting up with untruth, injustice, but not ruining kindness, compassion, mercy in oneself.

"Three truths in the play by M. Gorky" At the Bottom "

Development of a literature lesson with elements of communicative training and technology of the RCMCHP;

Goals:

Educational - to identify the position of the heroes of the play in relation to the issue of truth,find out the meaning of the tragic collision of different points of view: the truth of the fact (Tambourines), the truth of the comforting lie (Luke), the truth of faith in man (Satin);create a problematic situation, awaken students to express their own opinions about the life principles of Luke, Bubnov, Satin.

Educational - to contribute to the formation of one's own point of view in relation to such a concept as "truth", to create situations that will help to understand that there is a way out of each situation.

Developing - formation of public speaking skills, the ability to defend one's point of view, activation of students' creative abilities.

During the classes:

I want to start our lesson with poetry. Please listen.

Is it fog? Haze? Is there smoke from fires? ...
The sinister world of an unknown era ...
Was the world really like this
Or is it terrible for us, because we know poorly? ..

We slide along the spiral of time
In those days where we cannot be ...

Imagine for a moment that, by the will of fate, you find yourself in Moscow without money, without friends, without relatives, without cell phones. You have moved to the beginning of the century. How would you try to mend your life or change the situation in which you find yourself? Will you try to improve your life or will you sink to the bottom right away?

The heroes of the play, which we are studying, have ceased to resist, she sank to the "bottom of life."

The topic of our lesson: "Three truths in the play" At the Bottom "by M. Gorky.

What do you think will be discussed?

What questions will we consider?

(Estimated answers: What is truth? What can be truth? Why three truths? What thoughts do the heroes express about the truth? Which hero thinks about this question?

Generalization of the teacher: Each hero has his own truth. And we will try to find out the positions of the heroes, understand them, understand the essence of the dispute that arose between the characters and decide whose truth is closer to us, modern readers.

Literary warm-up.

You know that you cannot competently defend your point of view without knowledge of a literary work. I offer you a literary warm-up. I read out a line from the play, and you determine which of the characters it belongs to.

What is the conscience for? I'm not rich (Tambourines)

You need to love the living, the living (Luke)

When labor is a duty is a life of slavery (Satin)

Lies are the religion of slaves and masters ... Truth is the god of a free man! (Satin)

People live ... like chips on the river float ... (Tambourines)

Love all the superfluous on earth (Tambourines)

Christ took pity on everyone and commanded us (Luke)

To caress a person is never harmful (Luke)

Human! It's great! It sounds proud! Human! We must respect the person!

Knowledge update. Call.

You have demonstrated a good knowledge of the text. Why do you think you were offered the lines of these particular characters? (Luka, Satin, Tambourines have their own idea of ​​the truth).

How do you understand the meaning of the word "truth"?

TRUTH, -NS,f. 1. What exists in reality corresponds to the real state of affairs.Tell the truth. Hear the truth about what happened. The truth hurts my eyes (last). 2. Fairness, honesty, just cause.Search for the truth. Stand up for the truth. The truth is on your side. Happiness is good, but truth is better (last). 3. The same as (colloquial).Your truth (you are right).God sees the truth, but he will not tell soon (last). 4.input sl. The statement of truth is true, in fact.I really didn't know that.

Those. the truth is private, and sometimes it is ideological

So, let's find out the truth of Luke, Bubnov, Satin.

"Luke's Truth"

In the work of every talented writer, the name of the hero necessarily means something. Let's turn to the origins of the name Luke. What meanings can it have?

1) Ascends on behalf of the Apostle Luke.

2) Associated with the word "crafty", that is, cunning.

3) "Onion", until you get to the middle, take off a lot of "clothes!

How does Luke appear in the play? What are the first words he says? ("Good health, honest people", he immediately announces his position, says that he treats everyone well, "I respect crooks too, in my opinion, not a single flea is bad."

What does Luke say about how he treats the people around him?

Consider how Luke behaves with each of the inhabitants of the flophouse.

How does he feel about Anna? (She regrets, says that after death she will find peace, comfort, help, becomes necessary)

What does the Actor advise? (Find a city where alcohol is treated, it is clean, the floor is marble, they are treated free of charge, "A person can do anything, if only he wants to").

How does he propose to arrange life for Vaska Peplu? (To go to Siberia with Natasha. Siberia is a rich land, where you can earn money, become a master).

How does Nastya comfort her? (Nastya dreams of a big, light love, he tells her: "What you believe in is what you believe in")

How does he talk to Medvedev? (Calls him "under", that is, flatters him, and he falls for his bait).

So how does Luke feel about the denizens? (Well, he sees a person in everyone, reveals positive traits of character, tries to help. He knows how to discover good in everyone and inspire hope).

Read the lines that reflect Luke's position in life?

How do you understand the words: "What do you believe in, that is?"

What other thoughts of Luke are in tune with your thoughts?

Which hero needs Luke's support? (To the actor, Nastya, Natasha, Anna. They are more important not the truth, but the words of consolation. When the Actor stopped believing that he could recover from alcoholism, he hanged himself.

A person can learn good ... very simply, - says Luka. What story does he give as an example? (Case in the country)

How do you understand the "story" about the righteous land?

So, the truth of Luke is comforting, he turns to the remains of the human in the souls of the shelters, gives them hope.

- What is the truth of Luke? (To love and pity a person)

"Christ took pity on everyone and commanded us"

"What you believe in is what you believe in"

"A man can do anything - he just wanted to"

"To love - you need to live, alive"

"If someone has not done well to someone, he has done badly"

Which of the heroes (Luka, Satin or Tambourines seemed to you the most gloomy character?

Which character's position is opposed to Luke's?

"Truth Bubnova"

Who is that? (Card holder, 45 years old)

What does he do? (tries on old, ripped trousers on blanks for hats, figuring out how to cut)

What do we know about him? (I was a furrier, I dyed furs, my hands were yellow with paint, I had my own establishment, but I lost everything)

How does he behave? (Dissatisfied with everything, contemptuously treats those around him, we look gloomily, speaks in a sleepy voice, does not believe in anything sacred. This is the most gloomy figure in the text).

Find the lines that characterize his worldview.

"Noise is not a hindrance to death"

“What is conscience for? I am not rich "

"People all live ... like chips on the river float ... Build a house, and the chips - away."

“Everything is like this: they will be born, live, die. And I will die ... and you. "

When Anna dies, he says: "I stopped coughing, then." How would you rate this?

How do these words describe him?

What is the truth of Bubnov? (Bubnov sees only the negative side of life, destroys the remnants of faith and hope in people. A skeptic, a cynic, he treats life with evil pessimism).

Satin becomes the expresser of another life truth.

"True Satin"

How does this character appear in the play?

What do we understand from his first words?

(Appears with a snarl. His first words indicate that he is a card sharper and a drunkard)

What have we learned about this person? (Once he served in the telegraph office, was an educated person. Satin likes to pronounce incomprehensible words. What?

Organon - translated means "instrument", "organ of vision", "mind".

Sicambr - an ancient Germanic tribe, means "dark man".

Satin feels superior to other hostels.

How did he end up in the flop? (He went to jail, as he stood up for the honor of his sister).

How does he relate to work? (“Make the work pleasant to me - maybe I will work ... When work - pleasure - life is good! Work is a duty, life is slavery!

What does Satine see the truth of life? (One of the climaxes of the play is Satin's famous monologues about man, truth, freedom.

"Lying is the religion of slaves and masters"

"A person is free, he pays for everything himself: for faith, for unbelief, for love, for the mind ..."

"Truth is the god of a free man."

How, in his opinion, should you relate to a person? (Respect. Do not humiliate a person with pity - this sounds proudly, says Satin).

- According to Satin, pity humiliates a person, respect elevates a person. What's more important?

Satin believes that a person must be respected.

Luke believes that a person should be pitied.

Let's look at the dictionary

Regret

Feel pity, compassion;

Reluctant to spend, spend;

To feel good about someone, to love

Respect

Be respectful;

Be in love

What do they have in common? What is the difference?

So, each of the heroes has its own truth.

Luca is a comforting truth

Satin - respect for a person, faith in a person

Bubnov - "cynical" truth

Bottom line. Whose truth is closer to you?

Sinkwine

Express your attitude to your work in the lesson.

Subject - your name

Appendix 2 - assessment of your work in the lesson

3 verb. - describing the actions of the object, i.e. how you worked in the lesson

4-word phrase that expresses your attitude towards your work in the lesson

Summary - evaluation

Today we are convinced that everyone has their own truth. Perhaps you have not yet decided what positions in life you will adhere to in the future. I hope you choose the right path.

In M. Gorky's play At the Bottom, many deep and philosophical themes are raised. The characters show different points of view on the problems of being. The main conflict is the clash of three different truths: fact, consolation and lies and faith.

The first the truth - the truth of the fact - is represented by Bubnov. He prefers to express his thoughts directly and accurately, relying on proven knowledge. Bubnov does not like people and is not going to pity them, but he believes that everyone has their own destiny. Human understanding, support or humanism are alien to him. His truth is straightforward and callous, as he is convinced that it is pointless to lie, because all people will die sooner or later. He will not choose words, try to soften his speech so as not to offend the person. Bubnov's basic principle is to say everything as it is.

Second truth- it's true Luke. This person teaches others about compassion, comfort, the ability to accept and hear another. He helps people to gain faith in God and in themselves, to survive difficult life situations, to cope with difficulties. He lies to almost all the residents of the shelter, but he does it for the good. Luke is convinced that hope, even if it is false, will give people the strength to improve their lives. True, it is not always good for him, because it can hurt and finally deprive a person of the meaning of existence. Luke believes that without some lies, people may not survive the tests of life. In addition, he is sure that it is faith, not facts, that gives people strength.

Third the hero expressing his opinion on this topic is Satin. It is on his thoughts that special attention should be paid, since through him Gorky expresses his thoughts. The basis of his thoughts is in the belief in man. Satin is convinced that a person changes this world, creates new laws, controls the main processes. For him, man is a supreme being. He believes that the truth must be respected and expressed. For him, lies are the basis of the existence of the world of slaves and masters. At the same time, truth is essential for a free person. He argues with Luka, believing that a person should not be pitied, but respected.

The three truths in Gorky's play are three opposite points of view on the world. Bubnov is convinced of the power of straightforward facts that must be expressed without hesitation and fear. Luke stands for a soft approach and deception for the good, if he gives hope and faith in a bright future. Satin believes only in man, his strength and freedom. Such different points of view reveal the topic as deeply as possible and help the reader to decide for himself which of the heroes to support.

Option 2

The play by A. M. Gorky "At the Bottom" is one of the most powerful dramatic works of that time. This play deals with the main issues of the existence of mankind, his perception of the world.

The play describes episodes from the life of people living in the same shelter. Each of them was once someone, and now they are at the bottom. Some of them live in an illusory world, some just go with the flow, but among them there are those who are ready to defend their truth.

One day, no one knows where, Luka appeared in the shelter, unnoticeable from the outside, but stirred up the souls of people with his concept of life. He is a kind and compassionate person, but it is impossible to understand what is in his soul, he talks little about himself and is reluctant, at the same time he tries to get into the soul of every person. He is interested in absolutely everything: and why is Nastya crying over the book, and why Vasilisa behaves this way, he cares about everything. In his own words, he tries to help everyone, encourage, support, calm everyone. This is his truth, Luke believes that his philosophy is necessary for people. He instilled in the lodgers of the shelter faith in the future, made them look at life differently, and left as suddenly as he had appeared. And what did it give people? Bitter disappointment of unrealizable hopes, and the weak-willed Actor completely deprived himself of his life.

Bubnov has a different truth. Skeptical about everything, he denies everyone, including himself. Its truth is that social differences play no role, they all wash away like paint from hands, seemingly ingrained forever. Having descended to the “bottom” of life, everyone becomes the same, as they were born naked, they will die, no matter how hard they try to embellish themselves during life. Bubnov does not recognize any pity, for anyone, and for nothing, all those around him are equal and superfluous, like himself.

Satin's truth consists in exalting a person, Luke's pity is unacceptable for him, he believes that pity only humiliates a person, and in his concept: "A man sounds proud!" He admires a person as a strong and strong-willed person, capable of reshaping the whole world according to his own understanding. Satin is convinced that the strength of a person is in himself, there is no need to rely on anyone, and to pity anyone, a proud person is capable of anything.

Its truth is also in reasoning about work, where Satin claims that if work for a person gives pleasure, then his life will be pleasant, and if you work according to duty, you will again become a slave, slavery is humiliating, a proud and freedom-loving person should strive for achieving higher goals.

Gorky's play makes each person think about their own existence, and decide for themselves how to live in this world. All three of these characters are right in their own way, which suggests that there is no single truth, and cannot be. Each person is an individual, and each judge in his own way, assessing the truth of these heroes.

Of course, everyone should have kindness and philanthropy, compassion, but at the same time not humiliating human dignity, and have the strength to resist injustice and cruelty.

Composition 3

The play “At the Bottom” by Maxim Gorky is a drama that tells about the life of people who, for various reasons, find themselves at the very bottom of life. Once they had a decent job, a position in society, a family ... Now their life is survival in a shelter, in mud and drunkenness, without money, among people like them. Each of the heroes experiences this fall in their own way, but the opinions of the three characters are most vividly expressed, the three truths that collided with each other.

The first is the truth of Bubnov, the former owner of a dyeing shop, and now a cap with debts. Due to a quarrel with his wife, who cheated on him, Bubnov was left with nothing, and this, undoubtedly, left an imprint on his attitude to life. Lack of compassion for a person, lack of faith in people and in himself, dry statement of facts, straightforwardness - these are his principles. Bubnov does not want the best in this life, because “Everything is like this: they will be born, live, die. And I will die ... and you ... ". For this person, there is no sense in life, having taken his place at the very bottom, he inevitably and calmly goes to death.

The second truth belongs to the wanderer Luke, who appears briefly, illuminating the dark corners of the shelter with a ray of light, and disappears again into nowhere. The elder is kind to everyone, without exception, he sincerely empathizes with each hero of the play in his trouble. The actor tells about the existence of a hospital where drunkenness is treated for free, Vaska Ashes calls to move to Siberia, where life is good, dying Anna calms that peace and tranquility awaits her in the afterlife, supports Nastya's romantic hopes of finding her fiancé. “I respect crooks, too, in my opinion, not a single flea is bad: everyone is black, everyone is jumping ...” - this is Luke's life principle. He gives people a chance, allows them to believe in themselves in the most difficult situation. After all, every person deserves to feel respect for himself, to gain faith. Yes, it becomes clear to the reader of the play that Luke is lying, but this is a lie for the good. The lie that gave people hope.

Satin, a card sharper who was once an educated telegraph operator, has his own truth. He disagrees with Luca that people should be pitied. In his opinion, every person has a strength with which he can achieve whatever he wants, change not only his life, but also the world around him. Satin's words "Man - sounds proudly!" became famous for all time. Respect yourself, do not pity anyone, do not rely on anyone. This character does not accept lies, tells people only the truth, no matter how cruel it is. Alas, this truth does not bring happiness to people, but only returns from the illusions inspired by Luke to the mortal earth.

Gorky's play At the Bottom makes the reader wonder who is right in this dispute, whose truth is true? Perhaps, this question cannot be answered unequivocally, because each hero is both right and wrong in his own way. Without a doubt, philanthropy and compassion are important in our world, without them people will become tough and bitter. But no less important is sincerity and honesty towards people. It is important that in any life situation a person remains a person.