Who is the Slav? History and myths of the Slavs. Hindi-rusi bhai-bhai from the point of view of dna genealogy, or where did the Slavs come from Where did the Eastern Slavs come from

The cauldron of peoples Siberia BC was a real “cauldron of peoples”. Yuezhi, dinlins, presumably Scythians lived here. This era was characterized by waves of migration, the transition from settled to a nomadic way of life. Most geneticists have already agreed

It is widely believed that the real history of the Slavs begins with the Christianization of Rus. It turns out that before this event the Slavs did not seem to exist, since one way or another, a person, multiplying, settling in the territory, leaves a trace in the form of a system of beliefs, writing, language, rules governing the relationship of fellow tribesmen, architectural buildings, rituals, legends and legends. Based on modern history, writing and literacy came to the Slavs from Greece, law - from Rome, religion - from Judea.
Raising the Slavic theme, the first thing with which the Slavs are associated is paganism. But let me draw your attention to the essence of this word: "language" means people, "nick" - no, unknown, that is. a pagan is a representative of an alien, unfamiliar faith. Can we be Gentiles and Gentiles to ourselves?
The Christian religion came from Israel, as well as history from the Jewish Torah. Christianity has existed on Earth only 2000 years, in Russia - 1000. Considering these dates from the point of view of the Universe, they seem insignificant, because the ancient knowledge of any people goes far beyond these figures. It is strange to think that everything that existed long before Christianity was accumulated, collected, passed down from generation to generation - heresy and delusion. It turns out that all people on Earth have lived for centuries in illusion, self-deception and delusions. Returning to the Slavs, how then were they able to create so many beautiful works of art: literature, architecture, architecture, painting, weaving, etc., if they were ignorant forest dwellers?
Raising the richest Slavic-Aryan Heritage, the Slavs appeared on Earth long before representatives of other peoples. Previously, the term "earth" had the same meaning as the Greek name for "planet", i.e. a celestial object moving in its orbit around the sun. Our Earth had the name Midgard, where "mid" or "middle" means middle, "guard" - city, city, i.e. the middle world (remember the shamanic idea of ​​the structure of the Universe, where our Earth was connected with the middle world). About 460,500 years ago, our ancestors landed at the north pole of Midgard-earth. Since that period, our planet has undergone significant changes, both climatic and geographic. In those distant times, the North Pole was a continent rich in flora and fauna, the Buyan Island, on which lush vegetation grew, which our ancestors lived in.
The Slavic Clan consisted of representatives of four peoples: Da'Aryans, Kh'Aryans, Rasens and Svyatoruss. The Da'Aryans were the first to arrive at Midgard-earth. They came from the star system of the constellation Zimun or Ursa Minor, the land of Rai. The color of their eyes was gray, silver matching the sun of their system, which was called Tara. They called the northern continent, where they settled, Daaria. This was followed by the Kh'Aryans. Their homeland is the constellation Orion, the land of Troara, the sun is Rada green, which is imprinted in the color of their eyes. Then came the Svyatorus blue-eyed Slavs from the constellation Mokosha or Ursa Major, who called themselves Swaga. Later, brown-eyed Rasens appeared from the constellation of the Race and the land of Ingard, the Dazhdbog-Sun system or the modern beta Leo.
If we talk about the peoples belonging to the four Great Slavic-Aryan Clans, then from the Da'Aryans came the Siberian Rus, North-West Germans, Danes, Dutch, Latvians, Lithuanians, Estonians, etc. The Eastern and Pomeranian Rus, Scandinavians, Anglo-Saxons, Normans (or Muromtsy), Gauls, Belovodsk Rusichi descended from the H'Aryan clan. The genus of Svyatorus blue-eyed Slavs is represented by northern Russians, Belarusians, glades, Poles, East Prussians, Serbs, Croats, Macedonians, Scots, Irishmen, Ases from Iria, i.e. Assyrians. The grandchildren of Dazhdbozh's Rasens are Western Rosy, Etruscans (Russian ethnos or, as the Greeks called them, these Russians), Moldovans, Italians, Franks, Thracians, Goths, Albanians, Avars, etc.
The ancestral home of our ancestors is Hyperborea (Borey - the north wind, hyper - strong) or Daariya (from the first Slavic clan of the Da'Aryans, who inhabited the Earth) - the northern continent of Midgard-Earth. Here was the source of the ancient Vedic knowledge, grains of which are now scattered throughout the Earth among various peoples.
But our ancestors had to sacrifice their homeland for the sake of saving Midgard-Earth. In those distant times, the Earth had 3 satellites: the Moon Lelya with an orbital period of 7 days, Fatu - 13 days and the Month - 29.5 days. The Dark Forces from the technogenic galaxy of 10,000 planets (darkness corresponds to 10,000), or, as they call it, the Pekelny world (that is, the land is not yet fully developed, only "baked") chose Lelya for themselves, deployed their forces on it and directed their blow to Midgard-earth. Our ancestor and Supreme God Tarkh, the son of God Perun, saved the Earth, defeating Lelya and destroying the kingdom of the Kascheys. Hence the custom to beat eggs on Easter, which symbolizes the victory of Tarkh Perunovich over Kashchei, a mortal demon who found his death in an egg (the prototype of the Moon). This event happened 111814 years ago and became a new starting point for reckoning from the Great Migration. So the waters of Lelya poured into Midgard-Earth, flooding the Northern continent. As a result, Daariya went to the bottom of the Arctic (Ice-cold) Ocean. This was the reason for the Great Migration of Slavic families from Daria to Rasenia along the isthmus to the lands lying to the south (the remains of the isthmus have been preserved in the form of the islands of Novaya Zemlya).
The Great Migration lasted 16 years. Thus, 16 became a sacred number for the Slavs. The Slavic Svarozh circle or zodiac, consisting of 16 Heavenly Halls, is based on it. 16 years is a full part of the circle of Years in 144 years, consisting of 16 years passing through 9 elements, where the last 16 year was considered sacred.
Gradually, our ancestors settled the territory from the Ripean mountains, covered with burdock, or Ural, which means lying near the Sun: U Ra (Sun, Light, Radiance) L (bed), to Altai and the Lena River, where Al or Alnost is the highest structure, hence the reality - repetition, reflection of Ality; tay - the top, i.e. Altai is both mountains containing the richest deposits of mines, and a focus of energy, a place of Power. From Tibet to the Indian Ocean in the south (Iran), later in the southwest (India).
106,786 years ago, our ancestors re-built Asgard (the city of Ases) at the confluence of Iriya and Omi, erecting Alatyr-Gora - a temple complex of 1000 Arshin in height (more than 700 m), consisting of four Pyramidal temples (Temples) located one above the other.
And so the Holy Race settled: the Clans of Ases - Gods living on Earth, the Country of Ases throughout the territory of Midgard-Earth, multiplied and became a Great Clan, forming the country of Ases - Asia, in modern Asia, having built the state of Aryans - Great Tartaria.
They themselves called their country Belovodye from the name of the river Iriy, on which Asgard Iriysky was built (Iriy - white, clean). Siberia is the northern part of the country, i.e. Northern Truly Divine Iriy).
Later, the Clans of the Great Race, driven by the harsh Daarian wind, began to go further south, settling on different continents. Prince Skand settled in the northern part of Venea. Later, this territory became known as Skando (i) nav (i) i, tk. dying, the prince said that his Spirit after death would protect this Earth (Navya is the soul of the deceased, living in the Navi world, in contrast to the Revelation world).
The Van clans settled in Transcaucasia, then, due to drought, they moved south of Scandinavia, to the territory of the modern Netherlands. In memory of their Ancestors, the inhabitants of the Netherlands keep the prefix Van in their surnames (Van Gogh, Van Beethoven, etc.).
The clans of God Veles - the inhabitants of Scotland and Ireland named one of the provinces of Wales or Wels in honor of their ancestor and patron.
The Svyatoruss clans settled in the eastern and southern parts of Venea, as well as the Baltic states.
In the eastern part is the country of Gardarika (a country of many cities), consisting of Novgorod Rus, Pomorskaya (Latvia and Prussia), Red Rus (Rzeczpospolita), White Rus (Belarus), Malaya (Kievan Rus), Sredinna (Muscovy, Vladimir), Carpathian (Hungarians, Romanians), Silver (Serbs).
The clans of God Perun settled in Persia, x`Aryans Arabia.
The clans of God Niya settled on the mainland Antlan and began to be called Antami. There they lived together with the indigenous population with the color of Fire, to whom they passed on secret knowledge. Remember at least the fall of the Inca civilization, when the Indians mistook the conquistadors for the White Gods, or another fact - the patron saint of the Indians - the flying Serpent Keizacoatl, described as a white man with a beard.
Antlan (doe is an inhabited territory, i.e. the country of Antes) or, as the Greeks called, Atlantis became a powerful civilization, where people over time began to abuse their knowledge, as a result of which, violating the laws of nature, they brought down the moon Fatu to the Earth, themselves and flooded their peninsula. As a result of the catastrophe, the Svarog circle or the Zodiac was shifted, the axis of rotation of the Earth tilted to one side, and Winter, or in Slavic Marena, began to cover the Earth with its snow cloak for a third of a year. All this happened 13016 years ago and became the starting point for a new chronology from the Great Cooling.
The clans of the Antes moved to the country Ta-Kem, where they lived with people with skin the color of Darkness, taught them sciences, crafts, agriculture, the construction of pyramidal tombs, which is why Egypt began to be called the country of man-made mountains. The first four dynasties of the pharaohs were white, then they began to prepare the chosen ones from the indigenous peoples for the pharaohs.
Later, a war broke out between the Great Race and the Great Dragon (Chinese), as a result of which a Peace Treaty was signed in the Star Temple (observatory) between Asura (As - earthly God, Ur - inhabited territory) and Ahriman (Ahrim, Ahriman - a man with a darker color skin). This event took place 7516 years ago and became the starting point of a new chronology from the creation of the World in the Star Temple.
The Slavs were called Asami - Gods living on Earth, children of the heavenly Gods - the Creators. They were never slaves, a “dumb herd” with no choice.
The Slavs never worked (the root of the word "work" is "slave"), they never seized foreign territories by force (the Greeks called them tyrants or tyrens for not allowing them to seize their lands), they worked for the good of their Family, were the owners of the results of their labor.
The Slavs sacredly revered the laws of RITA - the laws of Race and Blood, which did not allow incestuous marriages. For this, Russians are often called racists. Again, you need to mature to the root in order to understand the deepest Wisdom of our Ancestors. The globe, like a magnet, is represented by two opposite poles. White peoples inhabited the north positive pole, black - the south negative. All physical and energy systems of the body were tuned in accordance with the work of these poles. Therefore, in a marriage between a white and a black, the child loses the support of the clan on the line of both parents: +7 and -7 add up to zero. Such children are more susceptible to diseases, because deprived of full-fledged immune protection, they often become revolutionary aggressors, protesting against systems that did not accept them.
Now the Indian doctrine of chakras has become widespread, according to which 7 main chakras are located in the human body along the line of the spine, but then the question arises why the energy in the head area changes its signs: if the right side of the body has a positive charge, then the right hemisphere will have a negative ... If energy, like an electric current, flows in a straight line, not refracting anywhere, it cannot just take and change its sign to the opposite. Our ancestors said that there are 9 main chakras in the human body: 7 are located along the line of the spine, 2 - in the armpits, forming an energy cross. Thus, the flow of energy is refracted in the center of the cross, changing its sign to the opposite. Even Jesus Christ said that everyone bears his own cross, i.e. each has its own energy cross.
Now scientists ridicule the ideas of the ancients about the structure of the universe, which has the shape of a disk, resting on three elephants, which, in turn, stand on a turtle floating in the endless world ocean. The picture seems naive and silly if you look at things flatly. The Slavs, on the other hand, have always been famous for their imaginative thinking, behind every word, every image you need to look for a series of meanings. The flat disk of the Earth was associated with flat everyday thinking and duality consciousness, thinking in categories yes and no. This world rests on three elephants: matter as the basis of the West, idea as the basis of the Arab East and transcendentalism or mysticism as the basis of India, Tibet, Nepal, etc. The turtle is the source, the primordial knowledge, where the "elephants" draw their energy from. Such a turtle is just the North for other peoples, directly connected to the Primordial Knowledge - the ocean of Infinite Knowledge and Absolute Truth (energy).
The simplest solar symbol of the Slavs is the swastika, which was widely used by Hitler, which left a negative imprint on the symbol of the human structure. On the other hand, Hitler's main goal is world domination, for the achievement of which he used the most powerful and advanced weapon, he took as a basis neither Egyptian hieroglyphs, nor Jewish or Arabic cabalistic signs, namely Slavic symbolism. After all, what the Swastika is - this is an image of a cross in motion, this is a harmonious number four, indicating the presence in any descendant of the Slavic-Aryan peoples of the Body, which was endowed by his parents, the Soul, which the Gods inhabited in this body, the Spirit - the connection with the Gods and the protection of the Ancestors and Conscience as a measure of all human deeds. Let us recall at least the holiday of Kupala, when people washed in the rivers (cleansed the body), jumped over the fire (cleansed the Soul), walked on coals (cleansed the Spirit).
The swastika also indicated the structure of the Universe, consisting of our World of Reveal, two Navi worlds: dark Navi and light Navi, i.e. Glory, and the World of the Highest Gods - Rule. If we turn to the western hierarchy of worlds, it is represented by the physical world, corresponding to the World of Reveal, which is washed on both sides by the astral plane, corresponding to Navi, above is the mental one as an analogue of Slavi. In this case, there is no question of a higher World of Rule.
From the school bench, children are told that the ignorant Slavs were taught to read and write by Greek monks, forgetting that these same monks took the Slavic initial letter as a basis, but, since it could be understood only in images, they excluded a number of letters, changing the interpretation of the remaining ones. Subsequently, the language became more and more simplified. The Slavs always had two prefixes without- and without-, where without meant absence, demon - belonging to a resident of the dark world, i.e., speaking immortal, it means a mortal demon, if we say immortal, this will mean something completely different - the absence of death ...
The initial letter Slavyan carried a huge meaning. At first glance, the same sounding word could carry a completely different meaning. So the word "peace" can be interpreted in completely different ways, depending on which letter "and" will be used. Peace through "and" meant a state without war, since figurative meaning "and" - the connection of two streams. The world through "i" had a Universal meaning, where the dot - denoted the Supreme God the Ancestor. The world is through; was interpreted as a community, where two dots denoted the union of Gods and Ancestors, and so on.
Often scientists see a kind of underdevelopment in the polytheism of the Slavs. But again, superficial judgments do not give an understanding of the issue. The Slavs consider the Great Unknown Creature to be the Progenitor of God, whose name is Ra-M-Ha (Ra - light, radiance, M - world, Ha - positive force), which manifested itself into a New Reality, from the contemplation of this reality was illuminated by the Great Light of joy, and from this the light of joy, various Worlds and Universes, Gods and Ancestors, were born by direct descendants, i.e. children of which we are. If Ramha manifested into the New Reality, it means that there is still some higher Old Reality, and above it there is more and more. In order to understand and cognize all this, for the Slavs the Gods and Ancestors established the Path of Spiritual Revival and Perfection through creation, awareness of various worlds and infinities, development to the level of Gods, tk. The Slavic Gods are the same people, Ases, who inhabited various Earths, who create for the good of the Family, who have passed the Path of Spiritual Perfection.
The images of the Slavic Gods were not and could not be photographic, they did not convey a shell, did not make a copy, but convey the essence of the Deity, the main grain and the Divine structure. So Perun, with a raised sword, personified the protection of the Clans, Svarog with a sword pointed downward preserved Ancient Wisdom. He is God for that and God, that he could take various guises in the Obvious World, but His Essence remained the same.
The same superficial understanding ascribes human sacrifices to the Slavs. The materialists of the West, attached to the body, identifying the physical shell with a person, cannot understand that people did not burn in fire, but used fire (remember the fiery chariots) as a means of transportation to other worlds and realities.
So Slavic knowledge has a rich history and culture, the roots of that wisdom go back centuries and millennia. We, as direct descendants of our Slavic Gods and Ancestors, have an internal key to the system of this knowledge, opening which, we open the Light Path of Spiritual Development and Improvement, we open our eyes and hearts, we begin to see, know, live, know and understand. All Wisdom is inside a person, you just need to want to see and realize it. Our Gods are always there and ready to help at any moment, like our parents, who are ready to lay down their lives for their children. Only children often do not understand this, they are looking for the Truth in other people's homes, in overseas countries. Native parents are always tolerant and kind to their children, turn to them, and they will always help.

There are many hypotheses about the origin of the Slavs. Someone refers them to the Scythians and Sarmatians who came from Central Asia, someone to the Aryans, Germans, others are completely identified with the Celts.

"Norman" version

All hypotheses of the origin of the Slavs can be divided into two main categories, directly opposite to each other. One of them - the well-known "Norman" one, was put forward in the 18th century by German scientists Bayer, Miller and Schletzer, although such ideas first appeared during the reign of Ivan the Terrible.

The bottom line was the following: the Slavs are an Indo-European people that once belonged to the "German-Slavic" community, but broke away from the Germans during the Great Migration. Finding themselves on the periphery of Europe and cut off from the continuity of Roman civilization, they were quite backward in development, so much so that they could not create their own state and invited the Varangians, that is, the Vikings, to rule over them.

This theory is based on the historiographic tradition of the Tale of Bygone Years and the famous phrase: “Our land is great, rich, but alongside it is not. Come to reign and rule over us. " Such a categorical interpretation, which was based on an obvious ideological background, could not but arouse criticism. Today archeology confirms the existence of strong intercultural ties between the Scandinavians and the Slavs, but it hardly suggests that the former played a decisive role in the formation of the ancient Russian state. But disputes about the "Norman" origin of the Slavs and Kievan Rus do not subside, to this day.

"Patriotic" version

The second theory of the ethnogenesis of the Slavs, on the contrary, is of a patriotic character. And, by the way, it is much older than the Norman one - one of its founders was the Croatian historian Mavro Orbini, who wrote a work called "The Slavic Kingdom" in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. His point of view was very extraordinary: he referred to the Slavs the Vandals, Burgundians, Goths, Ostrogoths, Visigoths, Gepids, Getae, Alans, Verls, Avars, Dacians, Swedes, Normans, Finns, Ukrov, Marcomans, Quads, Thracians and Illyrians and many others: "They were all of the same Slavic tribe, as will be seen later."

Their exodus from the historical homeland of Orbini dates back to 1460 BC. Where only they did not have time to visit after that: “The Slavs fought with almost all the tribes of the world, attacked Persia, ruled Asia and Africa, fought with the Egyptians and Alexander the Great, conquered Greece, Macedonia and Illyria, occupied Moravia, the Czech Republic, Poland and the Baltic Sea coast ".

He was echoed by many court scribes, who created a theory of the origin of the Slavs from the ancient Romans, and Rurik from the emperor Octavian Augustus. In the 18th century, the Russian historian Tatishchev published the so-called "Joachim Chronicle", which, in contrast to the "Tale of Bygone Years," identified the Slavs with the ancient Greeks.

Both of these theories (although each of them contains echoes of the truth), represent two extremes, which are characterized by a free interpretation of historical facts and information from archeology. They were criticized by such "giants" of Russian history as B. Grekov, B. Rybakov, V. Yanin, A. Artsikhovsky, arguing that the historian should base his research not on his own preferences, but on facts. However, the historical texture of the "ethnogenesis of the Slavs", to this day, is so incomplete that it leaves many options for speculation, without the ability to finally answer the main question: "Who are these Slavs after all?"

There has long been a lot of speculation around the history of the Slavs. Catherine II, giving instructions for writing the "History of the Russian State", ordered to consider Muscovites "Slavs", she also invented a fable about the existence of some "Eastern Slavs" in the person of Russians, Lithuanians (Belarusians) and Ukrainians. Hiding behind this myth, tsarism "justified" the occupation of Lithuania-Belarus and Ukraine, as well as the Muscovization of Belarusians and Ukrainians.

Today in Russia everyone is convinced that they are Slavs, although in reality the Russians are the descendants of the Huns, a mixture of Finno-Ugrians and Turks. The only "Slavic" among Russians is a language, which, however, is so "distorted" by Finnish and Turkic influences that Russians do not understand other Slavic languages ​​(although all other Slavic-speaking peoples understand all Slavic languages ​​- except Russian - without a translator). Outwardly, the Russians are Caucasians, but, like the Hungarians and the Finns, they are not Indo-Europeans. Let me remind you that the Hungarians left the Volga (that is, they are also a primordial Russian people) and call themselves "Hungars", that is, the Huns. In fact, the Hungarians and Finns are the closest relatives of the Russians, and not the Slavs at all.

The “Congress of Slavic Peoples”, which took place not so long ago in Minsk, should be called the Congress of Slavic-speaking Peoples, since, except for Poles and Czechs, all the rest are not Slavs, but Slavic-speaking. Even bearded Cossacks from the Don came to the congress, who also today began to consider themselves "Slavs", although they always fought against the Slavs of the Poles. The power of the myth is so great that even in Russian cartoons, the life of their indigenous Finno-Ugrians is portrayed in ancient times as the life of “Slavs”. True, these "Slavs" for some reason are dressed in Finnish clothes and in the Finnish national footwear LAPTI - which not a single Slavic (or Slavonic) people wore. And their faces are not Slavic at all, but Finnish (rounded and snub-nosed). It's funny that the Tatars and Huns in these cartoons are for some reason served by narrow-eyed Kazakhs, although the Tatars are blue-eyed Caucasians, and the Huns are Hungarians today (and the Russians themselves are the descendants of the Huns). Have you seen a narrow-eyed Hungarian somewhere?

By the way, the Russian mat is the mat of the Huns: it appeared, apparently, with the invasion of the Huns and existed in antiquity only among the Hungarians and the Finno-Ugric peoples of Central Russia. In any case, only there are the most ancient toponyms and hydronyms with elements of mat. The widespread opinion (for example, among the Cossacks of Russia in the "Commandments of the Cossack") that swearing was taken over from the Tatars is a fable: Tatars do not swear. Russian mat is a part of the most ancient culture of the Ugrians (Huns). And since they have become part of the Russian ethnos - hence the Russian mat. (I note that today the Hungarians' mate is somewhat different from the Russian mate, but the roots of the words have survived; this indicates that mate existed among the Hungarian Huns even before their migration from the Volga to Europe.)

As scientists have found out today, the invasion of these Huns with their "Russian swearing" was the beginning of the processes that gave rise to the ethnic group of the Slavs.

BACKGROUND AND BIRTH OF THE SLAVS

About 4000-4500 years ago, the ancient Indo-Europeans were divided into Germanic and Baltic tribes. The Balts inhabited a vast territory, including the southern coast of the Baltic Sea, a significant part of Central and Eastern Europe. The Balts were settled on the territory of the former: the whole of Belarus, the entire Republic of Lietuva, half of Latvia (the rest belonged to the Finns), the course of the Dnieper in Ukraine (the Sarmatians lived to the west, the Finno-Ugrians lived to the east), as well as the Smolensk, Kursk and Bryansk regions of the Russian Federation (all the rest of Central Russia is Finno-Ugric).

As for the territory of present-day Belarus, as archaeological studies have shown, Belarusians have not anthropologically changed for at least 3500 years - that is, they remain exactly the Balts, there was no mass “arrival of Slavs” to the territory of Belarus. The current Belarusian ethnos was formed from the merger of the western Balts, the Yatvingians of Yatva, the Krivichs of Kriva and the Dainovichs of Dainova. 2000 years ago, the ancestors of the Belarusians were called by the names "gutas" or "gepids".

Since the III century. BC. The most ancient Chinese chronicles mention clashes with nomadic tribes, which are usually referred to by the collective term Hunnu (Hunnu or Hunnu). To protect against the formidable northern enemies of China, the Great Wall of China was erected, the construction of which began during the reign of the emperor Qin Shi Huang, famous for his cruelty (221-210 BC). The struggle with warlike neighbors, which lasted five and a half centuries, ended victory for China.

At the final stage of this struggle, in the II-IV centuries, in the Urals from the Turkic-speaking Khunu, local Ugrians and Iranian-speaking Sarmatians, a new ethnic formation was formed - the Hun tribe. Anthropologically and genetically, the Huns are almost completely identical to the modern Russian ethnos, which, in exactly the same way today, consists of 95% mixing of the Finno-Ugrians with the Turks (and about 5% of the Balts-Belarusians of the Krivichi of the Smolensk, Kursk and Bryansk regions).

Europe faced migratory flows from the east even before the Hun tribes crossed the Ural-Caspian border. The first wave of migrations was the Germanic tribes of the Goths, Iranian-speaking Alans and, possibly, part of the Sarmatians, driven out by the Huns from their "historical homeland".

At the beginning of our era, the East German tribes of the Goths occupied the southern coast of the Baltic Sea and the Lower Vistula basin. At the end of the II century. they began to develop the southern and southeastern territories, and in the III century. reached the borders of the Roman Empire, went to the Azov region and, possibly, began to populate the Crimean peninsula. Under the pressure of the Huns, from the 3rd century, the Goths left for the territory of present-day Belarus, and then, together with the ancient Belarusians (Gutes or Gepids) and, possibly, with the Western Balts from the territory of present-day Poland, the Goths invaded the Roman Empire and by the end of the 4th century ... populate its territory.

I.N. Danilevsky in the course of lectures "Ancient Russia through the eyes of contemporaries and descendants (IX-XII centuries)" (Aspect press, Moscow 1998) wrote:

“The invasion of the Huns into the territory of Europe usually dates back to 375 AD. Their appearance caused massive displacements of the previous“ generation ”of conquerors within the entire region of the emerging medieval European civilization. The Hunnic invasion once again redrawn the ethnic and political map of Europe. The memory of these dramatic events was preserved not only by written sources, but also by the epics of many European peoples. However, this time, too, the "historical reports" about the events that occupied Europe for almost two centuries do not mention a single name of the tribe, which could be reliably attributed to the Slavs. It is simply impossible to imagine that the Slavic tribes, by some miracle, were not affected by the Hunnic invasion. It remains to believe that information about the Slavs is hidden under one (or several) of the ethnonyms, regarding which the sources do not provide sufficient information for identification with known tribes and peoples. "

For the first time, the Slavs appear as an already established ethnos with their own special language (a mixture of the Baltic and Gothic languages) in the region of the Laba (Elbe) River. There is no doubt that the formation of the Slavs took place during this campaign, and the Slavs themselves are a mixture of the Goths and the Balts from the territory of Belarus (that is, the Belarusians of the Guts-Gepids) and, possibly, Poland. Plus there was some other component in this campaign (some Russian historians talk about the participation of the Iranian-speaking Alans or Sarmatians in the formation of the Slavs, but the participation of the Frisians or someone else is also possible).

The Slavs populate the territories of present-day northern Germany (encouraged, Rusyns, etc.), the Czech Republic and southern Poland (Poles). These are the only and real Slavs in anthropological and genetic content. All the rest among the current "Slavic peoples" are not Slavs, but are called "Slavs" only by the language they adopted from the Slavs who captured them.

The Western Balts of Belarus and Mazury are closest to the Slavs in genetics and anthropology. And the farthest from the Slavs (in fact, nothing in common except the language) are the Russians, who, being Finno-Ugrians and Turks, are not even Indo-Europeans. Well, the most "non-Slavic Slavs" are the Bulgarians - the Sarmatians from the Volga, who came to the Balkans and were ruled by Slavic princes for some time. The Bulgarian language is the only analytical language among the Slavic languages ​​(the rest are synthetic) - that is, in it, as in English or French, the inflections are placed before the word, and not remain endings. This shows that the Bulgarians did not complete the transition to the Slavic language. By the way, this transition was traced by the Novgorod expedition of Academician Valentin Yanin in Novgorod letters: first, the local Sami, who were colonized by Rurik's encouragement, wrote in the analytical Slavic language in exactly the same way, and only 250 years later the language of birch bark letters of the Sami became synthetic Slavic - and these Sami themselves were encouraged called "Slovenes", which is reflected by Nestor in the "Tale of Bygone Years".

When the Slavs forced their neighbors (Sarmatians, Balts or Finns) to accept their language, they called such neighbors “Slovenes” as opposed to “Germans” (“dumb”, “who did not understand the word”). This is how the names "Slovaks", "Slovenes", "Slovenes" appeared - which do not mean belonging to the Slavs, but they just refute it by their very meaning: after all, "those who understand the word" and "those who do not understand the word" referred only to foreigners.

The Slavs (Polabians, Czechs and Poles) from their very birth in the campaign of the Goths were a warlike nation, the main ethnic force of the Varangians. Let me remind you that the institution of chivalry was invented by the Slavs of the Labe. Therefore, it is not surprising that they managed to subjugate vast territories of Central and Eastern Europe, carrying the Slavic language to the local foreigners.

SOURCES

The first mention of the Slavs in written sources is considered the text of the "Natural History" by Gaius Pliny Secundus the Elder (24-79), it says about a certain tribe of Wends living next to the Sarmatians, Skyrs and Hirri:

“Some say that it [Eringia is a mythical island or peninsula, which commentators identify with the Vistula-Oder interfluve] is inhabited right up to the Visula River by Sarmatians, Wends, Skyrus and Hirrs, that the bay is called Kilipen and the island at its mouth is Latris, then another bay , Lang, border kimbram. "

I.N. Danilevsky in the course of lectures "Ancient Rus ..." gives the following comment:

“For the first time the idea that in this case we are talking about the Slavs, was expressed by V. Surovetsky (1824). Comparing the data of Pliny with the information of Jordan (who, as we will see a little later, directly refers the Wends to the Slavs) and the names of the Slavs in the Finnish and Germanic languages, he considered the Wends of Pliny to be the oldest mention of the Slavs. V. Surovetsky did not offer any argumentation, except for the phonetic proximity of ethnonyms. Nevertheless, his point of view was accepted by such authoritative scholars as P. Shafarik and L. Niederle, and soon it became (without sufficient grounds, as happens quite often) very popular in Slavic circles. Even Slavic etymologies of this ethnonym were proposed. Almost the only one who doubted the identity of Pliny's Wends and the most ancient Slavs was A.A. Chess. Apparently he was right.

Natural History does not provide any serious grounds for identifying the Slavs and the Wends. According to F.V. Shelova-Kovedyaeva, with whom it is difficult to disagree, the Wends are mentioned by Pliny in the context of archaic, obscure and half-fabulous ideas. They are surrounded by tribes whose existence in the Vistula basin is highly doubtful. Therefore, the very presence of the ethnonym Wendsa in the Natural History cannot, apparently, be considered as indisputable evidence of their real habitation in Hanging in the middle of the 1st century. AD

The scientist writes:

“It is characteristic that Pl [iny] placed the mention of the Wends in a semi-fabulous context: he understood that the Wends of the Northern Ocean coast were one of the elements of ancient legendary ideas, and not a living, contemporary reality. The text of Pl [iniya] does not give firm grounds for identifying them with the Slavs ”.

Most likely, this ethnonym denoted by different authors at different times different peoples. Ancient writers of the beginning of our era (Caesar, Strabo, Mela, etc.) associated it with the Celtic or Germanic tribes. "

“I hesitate whether to classify the peoples of Pevkin, Veneti and Fenn as Germans or Sarmatians. However, the singers, whom some call Bastrars, behave like Germans in terms of speech, way of life, habitats and dwellings. They all live in mud, and know in inaction. By mixed marriages, they disfigure themselves, almost like Sarmatians. The Venets learned a lot from their morals, because they bypassed gangs of robbers all the forests and mountains between the singers and the fenns. However, they should rather be attributed to the Germans, since they build houses and wear [large] shields, and have an advantage in training and fast infantry - this all distinguishes them from the Sarmatians, who are tenacious in a cart and on horseback. "

I believe that the Wends are the Western Balts who lived on the border with the Germans. Apparently, they were conquered by the Slavs during the invasion of the Goths and were the first to dissolve in the Slavic environment.

I.N. Danilevsky points out that "all references in one way or another connected by Ptolemy with the Wends refer to the southeastern Baltic":

“European Sarmatia is surrounded from the north by the Sarmatian Ocean along the Venedi Gulf ... And other mountains are encircled by Sarmatia, of which ... and the Venedi Mountains are called ... And Sarmatia is occupied by very large peoples - the Wendsi along the entire Venedi Gulf ... And smaller peoples inhabited Sarmatia: along the Vistula river below the Wends of the Gitons, then the Finns, then the Sulons; below them there are frugudions, then the wrecks at the source of the Vistula river; below these are the ombryos, then the anarthophracts, then the burgions, then the arciets, then the saboks, then the piengits and biesses near the Carpathian mountains. To the east of the named, again below the Wends, the essence of the Galindians and Sudins and Stavans up to the Alans ... And again the coast of the Ocean along the Wendian Gulf is successively occupied by the Velts, above them the axes, then even north of the Carboniferous, to the east of which are the Kareots and Sala, followed by the Gelons, both hippopods and malanchlena; behind them agathirs, then aorses and pagirites; behind them Savars and Borusks up to the Ripean mountains. "

I.N. Danilevsky:

“The reasoning that makes it possible to connect the above texts with the Slavs is very simple, and therefore seem (at least at first glance) quite convincing:

1) Jordan directly stated that the ancestors of the Slavs were the Veneti;

2) the Veneti, according to the mentions of Pliny, Tacitus and Ptolemy, lived in Hanging;

3) the Vistula basin - the center of the Slavic lands in the historical era; it was here that the most ancient undoubtedly Slavic archaeological monuments were concentrated, and linguistic materials are also "drawn" here;

4) therefore, it can be taken as an axiom that the Wends of ancient sources are Slavs. "

SLAVS ARE A FICTION

I agree with Danilevsky that this is not the case. The Slavs were formed during the campaign of the Goths to Europe, and the land of the Wends is only the territory where they settled. The Slavs quickly Slavicized the tribe of the Western Balts, the Wends - and they entered the ethnic group of the Slavs of the Labe. As a matter of fact, all the Western Balts therefore disappeared without preserving their pure language - their language was very suitable for Slavicization, since it differed little from Slavic, and the Slavs themselves - descended precisely from the Western Balts, which were the "leading component" at the birth of the Slavs ...

Western Balts were characterized by dzekane and psekane in the language (which is now preserved in Belarusian and Polish - the Poles lost their pure Slavic language when they united with the Mazuras of Mazovs). The basic Indo-European vocabulary was also significantly different: among the Balts it is archaic and close to ancient Latin and Sanskrit (including in the Belarusian language about a quarter of the vocabulary - this archaic, which is mistakenly called "Prussian", in fact it is native in the Belarusian language, the most ancient in it). And among the Slavs, the basic vocabulary is largely taken from the Goth language.

Here's another example. For all Balts, the formation of surnames followed the archaic norms of the Indo-European language, enshrined in Latin - the possessive form "-is". The Eastern Balts have surnames in "-is", the Western Balts (Belarusians, Mazurs, Lusatian Sorbs - and the Yugoslav Serbs, who took over from the Lusatians) - surnames in "-ich". In the German language, this was reflected in the Germanization of the Western Balts by the appearance of surnames with "-its" such as Stirlitz. This is the ARCHAIC of the Indo-European language. Much younger is the form of the Germans in "-on", which was apparently close to "-o" in the Goths. As in the current Ukrainian surnames with “-o” like Yushchenko (where “Yushchenko” sounds) or Romanian ones with “-u” like Ceausescu. The Slavs fixed this as a clear "-ov". In general, the current Slavic surnames in "-ov" are in their pure form the legacy of the ready. Borrowing from the Germanic language.

Alas, the Western Balts have long lost their original languages. The Krivichi (eastern Belarusians) and the Dnieper Balts were Slavicized by the Varangian Slavs of the Labe back to the 9th-10th centuries, as they lay on the way "from the Varangians to the Greeks", where the Slavs of the Polabian Rus created a network of fortresses - from them the local population was Slavized. The Yatvyags with the Dainovichi (western Belarusians) and the Mazurs (northern) were Slavicized by the 15th-16th centuries. Since the Western Balts wrote in runic script, all their libraries were burned during Christianization by the priests of Kiev and the priests of Krakow - as they were considered indiscriminately "pagan heresy" and "demonic writings." The only surviving monuments of the languages ​​of the Western Balts were a pair of Prussian-German phrasebooks of the 16th century, moreover - very inaccurate, spoiled by the Germanic linguistic influence. But they still proved invaluable to the linguists of our era. Comparison of the languages ​​of the Western Balts, Slavs and Germans showed that the Slavic language is an intermediate link between the archaic West Baltic and young Germanic. In fact, the Slavic language is just a kind of "trasyanka" between the languages ​​of the Western Balts and the Germans.

Thus, the Slavs are ONLY a FICTION, it is actually just a mixture of the Goths with the Western Balts. But since the Western Balts were totally Slavicized and left the “historical arena”, having lost their language, their “historical niche” was occupied by the concept of “Slavs”. This substitution, of course, completely distorts and vulgarizes the whole picture of our history. Calling "Slavs" in a historical context the vast lands of the Western Balts (albeit later Slavicized because of their linguistic proximity) is to replace the original Western Baltic - its mixture with Gothic, that is, Germanic.

And the world of the Western Balts itself is becoming a real Atlantis. The most important thing, in my opinion, is that by calling Belarusians "Slavs" we are depriving our nation of the ancient history of the Western Balts - which began thousands of years before the appearance of the Slavs. These are precisely the Slavs, Polabians, Czechs and Poles - the result of mixing the Goths with the Western Balts in the IV century, a YOUNG PEOPLE. And we are a much more ancient people who lived with unchanged genes and anthropology in Belarus at least 3500 years ago. Yes, we have lost to a large extent our Western Baltic language - archaic and closest to the language of the ancient Indo-Europeans, due to the Slavization of our language by Krakow and Kiev - through the spread of Christianity. But in genes, anthropology, culture, traditions and mentality, Belarusians still remain Western Balts - just like 3500 years ago.

ABOUT "SETTLEMENT OF THE SLAVS"

One of the largest modern specialists in the field of studying Slavic glottogenesis (the origin of language and its development: from the Greek glotta - language + genesis - origin) G.A. Khaburgaev wrote that:

“Comparison of archaeological material with historical evidence of the 6th century. about the Slavs does not give grounds to believe that the collapse of the Proto-Slavic unity resulted in the separation of three tribal associations, each of which underlies three modern Slavic groups - western ("Veneti"), southern ("Sklavens") and eastern ("Antes"), as is customary in Slavic studies since the last century. If we recognize the reality of all three names found in the works of late antique authors, then it must be borne in mind that they can only be associated with individual Slavic groups of that time and have ended up on the pages of surviving works due to certain historical conditions. Partly by the authors of the 6th century, and partly by the modern reader, these names apply to a number of closely related tribal associations, which could later be included in the Slavic peoples of different groups. "

The problem is that earlier the Slavists mistakenly believed that since the people speak the Slavic language, then they are the Slavic people. This is a completely erroneous concept, since only during the last census of the population of the Russian Federation, 160 thousand Buryats of the Chita region and the Buryat national district called themselves "Russians" (that is, automatically "Eastern Slavs") (there are three reasons: they do not know the Buryat language, all the faiths of the Russian Orthodox Church of Moscow, have Russian names and surnames).

This example vividly shows the whole essence of the problem: it is absurd to consider the Buryats who have switched to the Slavic language as "Eastern Slavs", but in this case it is impossible to equally consider all Europeoids (Balts, Finno-Ugrians, Sarmatians, Tatars, Cossacks) as "Slavs" so once they switched to the Slavic language.

The specificity is that any people who have switched to the Slavic language certainly want to consider themselves exactly "Slavs" (and even Buryats). For this reason, in Russia, where the peoples of the Horde, under the violence of Moscow, switched to the Slavic language, there are now 140 million "Eastern Slavs" (116 million Russians in Russia and another 25 million Russians outside its borders) - that is, the same as in general, there are "Slavs" outside the Russian Federation all over the world. These, of course, are not any Slavs, but mentally, genetically and anthropologically all the same peoples of the Horde. Just as there is no "Slavic World" and "Slavic Unity", and there is only a maximum conditional "proximity" of countries with Slavic languages ​​- and no more. After all, if a person began to speak the Slavic language, he does not become a "Slav" from this, but remains what he was before: an Armenian, a Georgian or a German.

It is interesting that Ukraine is no more “Slavic” than Russia, but in Ukraine historians oppose themselves to the ethnos of “Muscovites”: they say, in Russia there are Finno-Ugric peoples who have switched to the Slavic language, but in Ukraine there are “real Slavs who have a pedigree from the ants. " In fact, this is another myth of a Slavic-speaking - but not Slavic in terms of genes - country. In Ukraine, there are also no Slavs, and a certain Slavic tribe of the Antes, which really came to the lands of Ukraine, was then exterminated and sank into oblivion.

I.N. Danilevsky writes in this connection:

“At the end of this brief outline of the problems associated with the study of references to the Wends and Antes, one should, apparently, recall a rather curious fact that usually falls out of the attention of those specialists who are inclined to directly identify the Antes with the ancestors of the Eastern Slavs. At the turn of the VI-VII centuries. Antes entered into an alliance with the Roman Empire and raised an uprising against the new enslavers - the Avars. In response, the Avar kagan sent a huge army to destroy the Ants. Almost nothing is known about this campaign, which took place in 602. However, since that time, any mentions of antes have disappeared from the source pages. One gets the impression that the Avar campaign turned out to be quite successful. "

Thus, there were NEVER "Eastern Slavs" on the territory of Ukraine, Belarus and Russia. Even the Antes, who disappeared without a trace, were not any "Eastern Slavs", as they were the people who came here. Moreover, most likely, these were not the Slavs themselves, but only some Slavicized Slovaks of the Carpathians or Romanians, that is, the Sarmatians who switched to the Slavic language.

Of course, there was no "resettlement of the Slavs", since such "resettlement" itself odiously contradicts all the norms of demography. Although the territory of the original Slavs is very small, they were able to "strangely" leave their language to many peoples. This is explained only by the fact that the Slavs appeared in the campaign of the Goths to Europe as an ETHNOS OF BANDITS or mercenaries, called upon to engage in robbery and robberies - together with the Goths. This is how the Varangians (Slavs and Goths) arose, who did not plow or sow, but only seized peoples and took tribute from them (or served as mercenaries in other countries). That is, from their very inception and beyond the century, the Slavs and Goths continued to live by the plunder of Europe, which began with their campaign in the IV century.

In the VIII century this gangster association of the Goths and Slavs is referred to in the sources as "Rus". In "Russia" then included, in addition to the Slavs of the Labe, also the Angles, Danes and other peoples of the German group, the ancestors of the Goths. As the German chronicles say, when the Swedish colony in Ladoga could not find a common language with the local Sami, they turned to the Margrave of Denmark Rurik, the son of a Danish prince and an encouraging princess, to resolve the dispute. He sent to Ladoga his colony of Varangians-Rusyns (Slavs obodrits-Rusyns and Goths), who founded Novgorod there. Interest for Rurik was the capture of the route "from the Varangians to the Greeks", which then belonged to other Varangian bandits. Then he sends Askold and Dir (ready, apparently) to seize this path.

The most interesting thing: because of the huge "Gothic component" surrounded by Rurik and then the princes of Kievan Rus, the historians of Tsarist Russia split into two camps of "Normanists" and "Anti-Normanists". As it turned out, both camps were wrong. was neither a "Norman" nor a "native of Russia", and the very presence of the Goths surrounded by the princes of Russia of Novgorod and then Kiev - is explained only by the fact that initially the Slavs appeared as an ethnic group in the campaign of the Goths to Europe, and since then have been with Goth BROTHERS in robbery. In fact, the Slavs of Rurik are only the Western Balts that were subjected to the Gothic influence (Germanization), who joined the Gothic attacks and adopted their language, which gave birth to the Slavic language - as a "trasyanka" between the language of the Goths and the Western Balts.

To put it differently, the Slavic language is only a DIALECT of the Western Balts in the Gothic language. At least from the 4th to the 12th centuries, the Slavs and Goths remained a single community of "Varangians", were a single whole and surrounded by the princes of Russia - and until that time the Slavic language continued to form, borrowing more and more from the language of the Goths. This is what Nestor wrote about in The Tale of Bygone Years - that “Rus” and “Varyags” are the same thing. That is, the mixture is ready with the Germanized Western Balts (that is, the Slavs). For Nestor, the presence in Russia of the Goths (English and Danes) seemed to be the NORMAL.

This is where all the origins of the SLAVIC come from.

SLAVS AND RUSSIA

I must note that not only the Western Balts were transformed into Slavs under the influence of the Gothic language, but also the Goths themselves were transformed into Slavs under the influence of the Western Baltic language. So, for example, the princely squads of the Rurikovichs, which consisted to a large extent of the Goths, were Slavicized. When the Angles (together with the Slavic squads of the Labe) seized Britain, in their Gothic language they brought many Slavisms (that is, traces of the Western Baltic language) into the current English language.

An anthropologically ideal Slav can still be created artificially today - by crossing, for example, a Goth from Denmark with a Belarusian (Western Baltic). Actively similar mixing took place only on the land of the Wends in the Labe and southeast of it, where the Goths came. Therefore, Labe was the homeland of the Slavs.

A separate issue is the origin of the Slavic language. Since the Goths and Western Balts for centuries together, shoulder to shoulder, were engaged in VARIETY (that is, robbery), they had to somehow understand each other. It was in the 4th-6th centuries that Koine (an instrument of interethnic communication) was formed - the Slavic language, which at first existed exclusively among the united squads of the Goths and the Western Balts. Between the representatives of their ethnic group, the Goths and the Western Balts spoke their own languages, and with each other - already in the Slavic language.

Since the Varangians are Rus (which Nestor wrote about in The Tale of Bygone Years), the Slavic language is originally the Varangian language, the Rusyn language. It was necessarily taught by the Angles and Danes to communicate with the Western Balts (as well as the Western Balts for communicating with the Goths). It should be emphasized that at that time “Rus” was not understood as a country at all, but as an UNITED VARIANGIANS and their colonies throughout Europe. Hence, Nestor's words become clear that the Danes and Angles are also Russians, and that all Slavs were previously Russian: he directly indicates that Russian and Varangian are synonyms. Thus, the Slavic language (that is, originally Varangian or Ruthenian) was not the language of some ethnic group, but had a specific sphere of use - it served as a means of interethnic communication between the Varangians-Goths and Varangians-Balts.

For this reason, the very introduction of the term "Slavs" seems to be incorrect, which replaced the terms "Varangians" or "Rusyns" (after all, the ancient authors wrote that all Slavs are Russia). It is likely that when Russia of the Varangians founded its fortress on some native territory and then the local population gradually adopted the Varangian (Russian) Koine from the Varangians, this population began to be called “Slovenes”, and hence the term “Slavs” appeared. This concept, however, was disputed by many leading Slavists, believing that the term "Slavs" originated from the term "Sklavens". But what he meant remains a mystery. However, the version that the Slavs are the REASONING WORD, that is, those who understand the Koine of the Varangians (a mixture of the Gothic and Baltic languages), seems quite plausible, if we assume that this is how the Slavic language appeared.

To summarize: my version is that the first (before the Slavs) appeared the Slavic language itself - as a means of interethnic communication between the Varangians of the Goths and the Western Balts, after several generations in the Varangian environment (Rus) this Russian language was entrenched as Koine, and the Vikings themselves are now with birth this koine learned to speak. Those who understood this language were now called "REASONING WORD" or Slavs, and from them the local population began to be called that (and the first among the natives began to be called "Slavs" were the Wends - the indigenous West Baltic population of Labe and Pomorie). Encouraged, Czechs, Poles - or the descendants of these Wends, who appeared about two centuries later, or directly descendants of the Goths and Gepids (Belarusians) who mixed together in the IV century.

One of the meanings of the word "Rus" is the land from which the Vikings collected tribute. It was in this sense that the formation “Kievan Rus” appeared on the way “from the Varangians to the Greeks”, which in the first centuries of its existence was not a state in the normal sense of the word, but only a place for collecting tribute by the Varangians. The only "Slavs" in Kievan Rus were only the princely squads of the Goths and Slavs from the Labe, who imposed a tribute on the local non-Slavic population - and lived on it. Later on the concept of "Rus" was adopted by the Muscovites, but their current "Russian" language is completely different from the real Russian language, which was the Varangian Koine. The current Russian language to a large extent consists of the Turkic and Finnish basic vocabulary, plus its grammar and phonetics are semi-Finnish. And THAT REAL Russian language of Rurik was a mixture of the languages ​​of the Goths and the Western Balts. Without the slightest admixture from Finnish or Tatar non-Indo-European languages ​​- which today constitute the backbone of the Russian language.

And in general, the very current name of the ethnic group of the Russian Federation as "Russians" (that is, the Varangians, a mixture of the Goths with the Western Balts) does not at all correspond to the original content of the term, since a mixture of Finno-Ugrians with Turks does not create any "Slavic ethnos" - rather it is the Huns, but not the Vikings. But that is another topic.

An interesting picture emerges when we compare the path of Slavization in Europe and the path of expansion of Rus. They are, in fact, identical.

Initially, the Russians were some kind of totemic union of the Western Balts with the Goths, apparently on the island of Rosen-Rügen (and, possibly, the Slavic koine began to take shape there, which appeared en masse later during the return of the Goths to Europe along with the Western Balts, the Gutami-Gepids) ... Tacitus (c. 55-120) mentions the Rugs on the southern coast of the Baltic. Jordan (VI century) reports about the struggle of the Goths in the Baltic States in the II-III centuries with the Rugs-Rus, who were stronger than the Germans "in body and spirit", but were defeated by the Goths. Between 307-314 in the Verona document, the Rugi-Rus are named among the Roman federates. In 476, Odoacer, at the head of an army consisting of Rugs, Skirrs, Turilings, overthrew the last emperor of the Western Roman Empire. The chronicles call him a Russian prince, a Herul from the island of Rusen (Rugen), a Slavic prince (Varangian). His descendants will rule in Styria, and in the 12th century also in the Duchy of Austria. A clan and some Bohemian surnames originated from Odoacer. In 493, the king of the Goths Theodoric treacherously killed Odoacer, the Rugi Rus participated in the proclamation of Theodoric king of Italy. In the middle of the 6th century, the Rus for some time seized power in Italy, placing their leader Erarich on the royal table. In 568, according to the chronicles, the Lombards passed through the "country of the Rus" Rusland (Rugiland) to Northern Italy. Etc.

In fact, it was a "Varangian expansion" to the south of Europe (after all, Russia is the Varangians, a mixture of the Goths with the Western Balts, that is, the Slavs). Subsequently, the Rusyns left Northern Italy and created Ruthenia on the territory of present-day Hungary with the capital in the city of Keve (the mention of which in the annals is often confused with Kiev by historians). From there there was an expansion to the Balkans, where the local Sarmatian and other tribes were Slavicized. The very name of the Serbs and their Western Baltic surnames in "-ich" indicate that the Western Balts, Lusatian sorbs, participated in their creation. From Keve, Greece was almost Slavicized “to Rus” (in these centuries the Slavic language predominated there) and the Carpathians and the lands of Galicia were Slavicized “to Rus”. It was from Galician Rus that Slavization came to Kiev. And then, already in the period of Kievan Rus, this southern branch of Slavization came to the lands of Muscovy, where Andrei Dolgoruky went to look for fiefs. And from Muscovy, Slavization went to the lands of the Horde on the territory of present-day Russia. It is not surprising that Slavicization and the concept of "Rus" went side by side, since the Slavicization of the indigenous population was carried out (not intentionally, of course) by the Gothic-Baltic princes and their squads, who spoke Slavic Koine.

In the north of Europe (where the concept of "Rus" included, in addition to the Slavs of the Labe, the descendants of the Goths, the Angles and Danes, as well as the Swedes then also considered "Rus"), the expansion of Rus took place in the conquest of Britain (where the West Baltic, that is, the Slavic component was less, more - gothic). And to the east, to the Sami lands of Ladoga, where the ethnic group prevailed in the expansion. There, even earlier, the Varangians created a path "from the Varangians to the Greeks", which they wanted to seize (on this path, the Slavicization of local Finns, the Krivichi of Belarus and the Dnieper Balts of Ukraine began even earlier). He sent Askold and Dir to seize this route, on the way they decided to "capture into Russia" (that is, under the Varangians Goto-Balts, Slavs) also Kiev. And with surprise they learned, as Tatishchev wrote, that OWN OWN Russian princes rule there. That is - from that branch of the Ruthenian Odoacer from the island of Rosen-Rügen, which overthrew the last emperor of the Western Roman Empire.

So "the ring of Russia was closed", describing a huge circle across Europe. This "ring of Slavization and Russification" was, in fact, the routes of movement and fortresses of the Varangians. And in the center of it there were still huge territories where there was no Slavization and Russia. This is the entire western part of Belarus (future Lithuania), all of Prussia, Lietuva (Zhemotiya), Latvia, Estonia. Outside Russia, only two regions were Slavicized: the Czechs Slavicized the Slovaks, the Poles - the Mazurs. The Czechs and Poles, settling in their territories, left from a further alliance with the Goths - therefore, they were no longer RUSSIA. For without the ready - and there was no Russia.

As you can see, the Slavicization of Central and Eastern Europe was carried out (with rare exceptions) by the Vikings of Russia. That is why Nestor wrote that all the Slavs are Rus, that is, they went from the Varangians. From the alliance is ready with the Western Balts.

SKULLS OF THE ANCESTORS OF THE EASTERN SLAVS

Under the influence of traditional ideas about the "Eastern Slavs", which were invented by Catherine II in the mid-1790s, today's scientists continue to remain. Although the entire scientific structure simply cries out: we did not have any "Eastern Slavs", but there were only non-Slavic peoples who switched to the Slavic language.

But all the same, scientists stubbornly talk about some "Eastern group of Slavs", although there is simply no evidence of its existence, which the scientists themselves are well aware of. I.N. Danilevsky, whose lectures I quoted above, draws a fantastic conclusion - which he himself further refutes with the entire content of his lecture (about which below):

“Approximately at the turn of the 9th-10th centuries. the late Common Slavic period ends. It was at this time that the entire territory inhabited by the Slavs was divided, as already mentioned, into three main dialect areas. The Western Slavs, advancing after the Germanic tribes, conquered new areas and reached the banks of the Elbe, Main and Danube rivers. The South Slavs settled in the Balkans. And only the eastern group remained in the territories occupied by the Slavs at the initial stage of the development of European lands. "

This is a completely unsubstantiated politicized statement that absolutely contradicts all the data of Science. Which, however, the scientist himself further indirectly admits. As for the "initial stage of the development of European lands by the Slavs," this development began only in Central Europe, and not on the territory of the Russian Federation, the Republic of Belarus or Ukraine. The Goths, leaving the Huns from the Don, had not yet mixed with the Western Balts - and therefore, in principle, the Slavs could not exist on the Don. Mixing with the Western Balts could only occur when the Goths moved to Europe through the lands of the Dnieper Balts or the lands of the Balts of Belarus (and these territories were then divided by the huge "Sea of ​​Herodotus" - a vast sea-lake on the site of the present Pripyat bogs). The Goths moved to Europe north of the "Sea of ​​Herodotus", across the territory of Belarus, where they were joined by the tribes of the ancient Belarusians. It is clear that the unification of the Goths with the Belarusians did not automatically give rise to the ethnic group of the Slavs - as a result of this unification, the Slavs appeared only after several generations, already deep in Central Europe. So looking for "traces of the Slavs at the initial stage of the development of European lands" is absurd, especially since they SIMPLY DO NOT exist in Belarus, Ukraine or Russia.

In previous articles I have already quoted from L.V. Alekseeva "Polotsk land" (M., 1966): "Modern data of archeology and toponymy show that in the early Iron Age, Eastern Europe was inhabited by three large groups of tribes. The first, Iranian-speaking, occupied the Crimean Peninsula, Kuban, Lower Don, Lower Dnieper and reached in the north to the watershed of the Seim, Desna and Oka ... to Lake Ezel and left the so-called Dyakovo culture. The third, Balto-speaking, covered the entire Upper Dnieper region (including Kiev, the right bank of the Seim, the upper Oka) and went west to the Baltic.

So why be surprised by the anthropological data that show that our ancestors (like us today) had completely different skull shapes? For some were Western Balts before Slavization, others were Sarmatians, and still others were Finno-Ugrians. No, scientists are trying to “collect” such a huge anthropological spread into a kind of “community” called “Eastern Slavs”.

I.N. Danilevsky said:

“Thus, in the anthropological structure of the Eastern Slavs of the early period, four main types are distinguished. They were established during the analysis of bone remains obtained from the burial mounds and city cemeteries of Ancient Rus, regardless of the tribal areas outlined by archeology and chronicles.

For the southwestern part of the territory inhabited by the eastern Slavs, the mesocranial, relatively broad-faced anthropological type is characteristic. A series of such skulls were found in the burial mounds of Volyn and the southern regions of the Carpathian Polesie, in the ancient Russian burial grounds of the Carpathian region and Moldova, as well as in the necropolises of Kiev, Vitichev and Rodny. Their closest analogs are found among craniological materials from medieval Slavic burials in Poland and Czechoslovakia. The origin of this anthropological type of Slavs has not yet been clarified. "

There is no "secret" here: it is Sarmatians or a mixture of Sarmatians with Western Balts.

“The second anthropological type of Eastern Slavs is localized in the Dnieper left bank and the basin of the upper Oka. It is characterized by a medium or narrow face and dolicho-submesocranium. A comparative comparison of the criniometry of the Slavs of the Dnieper forest-steppe left bank and the population of the 2nd-4th centuries, known from the Chernyakhov burial grounds, revealed their obvious proximity. In turn, the Chernyakhov population, judging by anthropological data, largely dates back to the Scythian. Thus, the early Slavs of the Middle Dnieper, who belonged to the anthropological type under consideration, were apparently mainly Slavic descendants of the Scythian (Iranian-speaking) population of the same regions. "

It amazes me: the scientist CAM concludes that we are not talking about the Slavs, but only about the Slavized Scythians, but at the same time he calls them "the second anthropological type of Eastern Slavs"! How can Scythians with skulls that do not look like Slavic skulls be called "Eastern Slavs"? Let us then also call the Buryats who switched to the Slavic language "a new type of Eastern Slavs" - with slanting eyes.

“It is more difficult to answer the question of the origin of the dolicho-mesocranial narrow-middle-face anthropological type of the Slavs of the left-bank part of the Upper Dnieper and the upper Oka. It is possible that the spread of this type here was the result of the settlement of the Slavs from the Middle Dnieper region. The peculiarities of the craniological materials of the Oka basin can be explained by partial assimilation with the Finno-Ugric peoples. However, it is possible that the considered anthropological type in these areas dates back to ancient times. The Slavs who settled here mixed with the local population and could inherit their anthropological structure. "

Isn't it easier to say that these are Slavicized Finno-Ugrians? No "Slavs" as a mixture of Goths and Western Balts - there - in Eastern Ukraine and Muscovy - have never "settled". Why give out the skulls of the Finno-Ugric peoples for the skulls of "Eastern Slavs with a Finno-Ugric anthropological structure"? These skulls are no different from the skulls of Mordva - but why then do we not consider Mordva as "Eastern Slavs"? Where is the scientific nature?

“On the territory of Belarus, a third anthropological type of Eastern Slavism is revealed - the dolichocranial broad-faced. There is every reason to believe that this type in the Upper Dnieper and in the basin of the Western Dvina is the result of the assimilation of the local Balts by the Slavs. The formation of the dolichocranic broad-faced anthropological type in Eastern Europe dates back to a very distant period - the culture of battle axes of the Bronze Age ”.

Here the scientist again honestly admitted: Belarusians are Slavicized Balts. And he noted that the shape of the skulls of Belarusians is archaic - it goes back to the roots of the Indo-Europeans themselves. The question inevitably arises: if the shape of the skulls of the Belarusians has remained unchanged since the Bronze Age, then what do Belarusians have to do with the young ethnic group of the Slavs, born in the 4th-6th centuries? Absolutely no!

And it is absolutely unscientific anthropological type of the Bronze Age - to suddenly be called "the third anthropological type of Eastern Slavs." This is the same as claiming that Ivan the Terrible was a pioneer as a child. In any case, an absurd idea is being created that the first Slavs of Central Europe appeared in the IV-VI centuries, and the only Belarusians became Slavs in the Bronze Age. Is this scientific? But earlier the scientist said that “the Slavs in Belarus” allegedly settled, “moving after the Germanic tribes” during the invasion of the Huns. What does the Bronze Age have to do with this? And where are the skulls of the Slavs themselves in Belarus - here are only the skulls of the Western Balts.

Finally, the very "scientific method" in the study of these skulls is incomprehensible: the scientist found that the skull of a Belarusian of the 10th century, completely identical to the skull of a Belarusian 3500 years ago, is suddenly not a skull of a Western Balt, but a skull of a "Slavic Western Balt" and therefore already an "Eastern Slav. ". This is where on the skull of the Western Balt are traces of the fact that its owner began to speak Slavic koine? For example, I graduated from the Institute of Foreign Languages ​​and I know, as my native language, French, what - the shape of the skull has changed because of this? Can this scientist tell by the shape of my skull that I have become "French"? Of course not. But why on earth does he conclude that in exactly the same way with the same skulls, the Western Balts of Belarus suddenly became “Eastern Slavs”? This is Lysenkoism.

“The fourth anthropological type of Eastern Slavism is characterized by meso- or sub-brachycrania, low or low-medium, relatively narrow forehead. Skulls belonging to this type were found in the mounds and burial grounds of Northwestern Russia. The subbrachikranny narrow-faced anthropological type of the Slavs is not associated with the anthropological structure of the Baltic-Finnish population who lived in the Novgorod-Pskov land in antiquity. The closest analogies to the skulls of the early medieval Slavs of the Novgorod and Pskov lands are found in the northwestern part of the general Slavic area - in the lands of the Baltic Slavs. This leads to the conclusion about the resettlement of the ancestors of the Novgorod Slovenes and Krivichs from somewhere in the basins of the Odra and Vistula. "

In this case, the scientist speaks about several burial grounds of the 9th century cheers, which were studied by Academician Sedov. He found their skulls to be identical to those of the cheerleaders at Mecklenburg. However, there was no "resettlement of the ancestors of Novgorod Slovenes and Krivichi from somewhere in the Odra and Vistula basins" in principle: Nestor's Slovenian is the Sami Slavicized by Rurik, and the Krivichi are the western Balts of Eastern Belarus, who have lived here for 3500 years. There was a fact of colonization of the region by the Varangian colonists, but there were very few of them for the term “resettlement of ancestors”: only a few thousand, maybe up to 10-20 thousand at most. Over time, they disappeared without a trace in a much more numerous indigenous population. And, accordingly, their skull shapes have also disappeared.

And in this matter it is very important: the skulls of the “third Belarusian type” are still inherent in Belarusians, but the skulls of the “fourth Novgorod type” of Western Slavs are now not inherent in the population of this region. What the scientist ignored. The latest (2007-2008) studies of the gene pool of the population of the Novgorod region, carried out jointly by scientists from the Russian Federation and Estonia, showed that it was based on the genes of the Sami.

In general, and here I.N. Danilevsky "ends meet," he enrolls into the "fourth group of Eastern Slavs" by the rare burial grounds near Novgorod, the Western Slavs encourage Rurik, which he directly says: "from somewhere in the pools of the Odra and Vistula."

Let's summarize this current SCIENTIFIC CONCEPT ABOUT "EASTERN SLAVS", which is taught at Moscow State University. The first group of "Eastern Slavs" is the Slavized Sarmatians. The second - in the terminology of the scientist himself, "Slavic Scythians". He also wrote down the "Slavicized Finno-Ugrians" here. 3rd - "Slavicized Balts" of Belarus. 4th - Western Slavs are encouraged by Rurik, "from somewhere in the pools of the Odra and Vistula."

The question arises: WHERE ARE THE ORIENTAL SLAVS? They simply do not exist. Not even with a microscope.

I.N. Danilevsky as follows:

"Thus, it becomes clear that the initial history of the settlement of the Slavs in Eastern Europe was more complex than previously thought."

If you call a spade a spade, THERE WAS NOT AT ALL ANY settlement of the Slavs in Eastern Europe, but there was only the transition of the primordial non-Slavic peoples to the Slavic language of the Varangian enslavers. And this transition took place in our country exactly and specifically along the path "from the Varangians to the Greeks."

The Slavic language itself is not native to Belarusians, Ukrainians, Russians (and Bulgarians, Slovaks, Mazurs, etc.). Like all of us are not Slavs - "the shape of the skull did not work out," as I.N. Danilevsky. We are Slavic-speaking peoples, but not Slavs at all, not a genetic mixture of ready-made with the Western Balts - which is the only ethnic group of the Slavs.

Vadim ROSTOV

Recall about DNA genealogy

Each of us "on the cuffs of DNA", in the non-genic regions of DNA, where what is sometimes called "worthless DNA sections" is a notebook of humanity. In it, in the form of a set of special nucleotide sequences, the history of our ancestors is recorded thousands and tens of thousands of years ago. Most likely millions of years ago, but our vocabulary is small, and we still cannot read so deeply. This history in our DNA is strewn with fiducial marks on the timeline, and these marks, or notches, are given by mutations in the DNA. Each of these mutations occurs once every several thousand years, so there is already some degree of history binding in time.

This language of the DNA "notebook" has already been translated by us into some symbols, and the sequence of these symbols is called a person's haplotype. Each has its own haplotype, which can be called a "passport", an individual passport of each person. I talked about this in the article (About men.). This passport is inherited, the male "passport" - to boys at birth, the female "passport" - to girls (About women.).

Haplotypes

So, the hereditary DNA passport for each of us is called a haplotype. Each ethnic group has its own haplotype. Each subgroup does the same. Each family also has its own. The greater the number of characters in the passport, the higher the resolution, from ethnic group to a specific direct family line. Sometimes only six characters are enough to describe an ethnic group. For example, for Jews of Middle Eastern origin - in the ethnic sense - the following six characters are sufficient, for the so-called haplotype of the patriarchs, or base haplotype, or "haplotype of the twelve tribes of Israel":

14-16-23-10-11-12

These signs correspond to six DNA markers, and the numbers themselves are called alleles. They show the number of repetitions of certain nucleotide sequences in each marker. This haplotype had the patriarch of the clan, and, according to the Bible, his name was Jacob. Over the past 3600 years, the species of the haplotype has been changed to a certain extent by mutations that occur in each marker with a certain probability every several thousand years. And since the probabilities of mutations add up, the entire 6-marker haplotype, an example of which is given above, changes once every thousand years, or even faster. As a result, a set of haplotypes is formed in the descendants, which is, in a sense, a "cloud". For example, 200 Jews, the modern descendants of Jacob (or, more bluntly, the descendants of the Middle Eastern Hebrew patriarchs), have a "cloud" of 47 haplotypes, in which the first marker has the numbers 13, 14 and 15 (mutations of the original 14 in both directions), the second - 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17, the third - 22, 23, 24 and 25, the fourth - 9, 10 and 11, the fifth and sixth - 11, 12 and 13. This is how the "cloud" is formed, grouping around the "central "Or" base "haplotype.

Haplotypes of the Slavs

Since we cannot yet clearly define who the Slavs are, we will take as a conditional definition of the Slavs those who mostly live in ancient Russian cities. The fact that they speak Russian, have fair hair, have "Slavic facial features" and profess Orthodox Christianity is completely secondary within the framework of our consideration. After all, we are leading to the origins of the Slavic ethnos, presumably thousands of years ago, and all these "secondary" signs are either relatively recent, or could be blurred by genetics for centuries or millennia of mixing genes in each generation with wives and girlfriends of very different ethnic origins. And the haplotype from the male, Y-chromosome, is indestructible during the transmission of heredity and does not change for millennia and tens of thousands of years, except due to natural mutations. Therefore, the haplotype can be a real "mark" of the genus in the male line.

So, let's take a look at the haplotypes of men living in ancient Russian cities.

Their three most widespread haplotypes are as follows:

16-12-25-11-11-13

16-12-24-11-11-13

16-12-25-10-11-13

They account for half of the first ten haplotypes in ancient Russian cities. By the way, the second one is my haplotype.

The appendix contains the most common haplotypes for 26 cities and territories of Russia, Ukraine, Belarus. They diverge in three main Slavic haplogroups - R1a, I1b and N. All three upper, most popular haplotypes - belong to the R1a haplogroup. Relatively speaking, the Eastern Slavs. Their ancestors came from the east. The second haplogroup is I1b. These are, relatively speaking, the South Slavs. They came from the Balkans. The third haplogroup is northern. Pomeranian Slavs, relatively speaking. Although the area of ​​haplogroup N is generally the entire north of the Russian Federation, with the transition to Scandinavia. A relatively small proportion of Slavs belong to haplogroup I1a. This is a North Germanic, Scandinavian, Sami haplogroup.

Comparison of haplotypes of the Slavs with some others

The haplotypes of the Eastern Slavs (haplogroup R1a) are quite unique among many other ethnic groups. We have already mentioned the Jews, their haplotypes have an average of 10 mutations aside compared to the Eastern Slavs. This is tens of thousands of years before the common ancestor. A formal calculation gives about 1000 generations before the common ancestor, this is twenty-five to thirty thousand years. Even a close ethnic relative, the Western European Atlantic haplotype

14-12-24-11-13-13

is located from the East Slavic in five steps of mutations. This, according to formal calculations, is 520 generations before the common ancestor. In general, one mutation in such a haplotype, as shown above, in the six-marker is about 2500 years difference in the history of the haplotype.

Arab haplotypes - usually 9-11 mutations away from Slavic haplotypes, for example

14-17-23-11-11-12.

Ethiopian haplotypes - 7 mutations to the side. Example:

15-12-21-10-11-14

Haplotypes of Armenians and Turks (ironically, they are very similar for them) - 6-9 mutations aside from the Eastern Slavs:

14-12-24-11-13-12

14-15-23-10-11-12

Chinese haplotypes - usually 3-5 mutations aside, such as in a haplotype

15-12-23-10-11-14

Mongolian haplotypes - usually 8-10 mutations aside, such as

13-12-24-10-14-13

13-12-24-10-14-14

13-12-23-10-14-13

13-12-24- 9-14-14

Japanese haplotypes - often 6-7 mutations aside

15-12-25-10-14-14

15-12-22-10-13-13

American Indian haplotypes - often 8-9 mutations aside

13-12-23-10-14-13

despite the fact that they come from the haplotypes of the Siberian peoples.

In other words, the coincidence of basic haplotypes is extremely rare, and there must be good reasons for this. In addition, all of the above haplotypes belong to other haplogroups - J, C, O, Q and others. The Eastern Slavs, let me remind you, belong to the R1a haplogroup and its R1a1 subgroup. And a haplogroup is not only haplotypes, but also additional unique mutations.

Haplotypes of Indians

And now, after considering how the haplotypes differ in different nationalities and ethnic groups, we suddenly see that the haplotypes of many Indians and many Slavs are almost identical!

When considering the 718 haplotypes of Pakistanis (it is hardly worth reminding that Pakistan separated from India quite recently, and we are talking about millennia), the largest group had the following haplotype:

16-12-25-11-11-13

And what was the "basic" among the Slavs?

16-12-25-11-11-13

The same.

Let us remind you that the “basic” haplotype is the one that the ancestors had thousands of years ago, and then the descendants were overgrown with mutations. Although he himself survived among many descendants, unmutated due to simple probability, and, as a rule, in the largest quantities. It takes at least 10-15 thousand years for it to mutate entirely. It turns out that the Slavs and Indians could well have a common ancestor, with the same "base" haplotype, 16-12-25-11-11-13.

Wait a minute, there is a big difference between “was” and “could be”. Is not it?

So. And in order to clarify this difference, there are haplogroups. A haplogroup is a sign of an ethnic community. This is one clan. This is one common ancestor of the clan, marked with a special single mutation called "snip" (). And all descendants of this clan carry this special mutation in their genes, regardless of the type of haplotype. More precisely, haplotypes are secondary to SNP. Snip defines an individual's belonging to a haplogroup, haplotypes illustrate this belonging. Haplotypes and their mutations show how far the descendant has gone from a common ancestor, in common with another relative from the same haplogroup.

So, both Eastern Slavs and Indians (Pakistanis) belong to the same haplogroup - R1a. This means that they had a common ancestor, and not just could be.

So we found him, a common ancestor. By haplotypes.

Naturally, the base haplotype of both the Indians in India-Pakistan and the Slavs in Russia-Ukraine-Belarus is surrounded by a cloud of haplotypes. And these haplotypes are strikingly similar. Branches of the same tree.

Let's take a look at the haplotypes of the Pashtun tribe. There are 93 of them in the tested group. In 37 people, the haplotypes are as follows:

16-12-24-11-11-13

15-12-24-11-11-13

16-12-23-11-11-13

15-12-25-11-11-13

16-12-25-11-11-13

17-12-23-11-11-13

That's 40% of all tested Pashtuns!

The first haplotype is mine. And what is amazing is that the next pair of markers, the seventh and eighth, already with a finer structure of the haplotype, also completely coincides with mine. These are markers with serial numbers 389-1 and 389-2. Both for me and those Pashtuns with the most popular haplotype among them in the first line (out of 13 people out of 93, or 14%), the corresponding alleles are 13.30. That is, a complete coincidence with me, a Slav, already in 8 markers.

In the article Joseph and His Brothers, or Adult Games with Molecular Genealogy. part - 5, I looked at 260 East Slavic haplotypes, and found 293 mutations in them in relation to the base haplotype 16-12-25-11-11-13. This gives an average of 0.19 mutations per marker, or roughly 117 generations, or 3000 years before the common ancestor.

Another database, section "South India". The most popular haplotypes are:

16-12-25-11-11-13

15-12-25-10-11-13

17-12-25-11-11-13

15-12-26-11-11-13

17-12-24-11-11-13

16-12-25-10-11-13

As you can see, the same picture, the same "East Slavic haplotypes." And the haplogroup is the same - R1a.

Everything agrees that the Eastern Slavs are direct relatives of the Hindus - if not all, then a very representative group that still dominates in a number of regions of India and Pakistan.

How did it happen?

But this is already the area of ​​interpretations and linkages with the numerous data of many scientific directions. For my part, I can only say that the common ancestor of us, Slavs and Indians, lived only about 3000 years ago, after that they parted. And then the matter was completed by genetics - it formed faces, now so different among the Slavs and Indians, the color of skin and hair, coupled with being, which, as you know, determined consciousness.

Let's dig a little deeper

So, it turns out that the ancestors of the Slavs are Indians. Proto-Slavs. Or vice versa, the ancestors of the Hindus are the Slavs. Protoindus. And the Proto-Slavs may have spoken Sanskrit. I will not resist and give a short excerpt from the link at the end of this investigation story, although this passage was based on completely different facts and considerations:

“Now it is already becoming clear why the Indian and Russian folk motives are so similar, why the ancient Sanskrit and Russian languages ​​are so similar. Moreover, they are similar not only in some words, as many languages ​​of the world. Surprisingly, our two languages ​​have similar word structures, style and syntax. Let's add even more similarity of grammar rules -

Interesting facts: Russian and Sanskrit

From the book of Doctor of Historical Sciences N.R. Guseva "Russians through the millennia. Arctic theory". Impressions of a resident of India who came to Moscow.

“When I was in Moscow, the hotel gave me the keys to room 234 and said“ dwesti tridtsat chetire. ”In perplexity, I could not understand whether I was standing in front of a nice girl in Moscow, or whether I was in Benares or Ujjain in our classic period 2000 years ago.

In Sanskrit 234 would be: "dvishata tridasha chatvari" -

Note that in this case the similarity of the Russian language with Sanskrit is closer than with English, German, French, Spanish and other related languages. Try pronouncing 234 on any of them, and listen carefully.

But what kind of Slavs are we talking about? And now it turns out that here we can only talk about the Eastern Slavs, whose haplotypes belong, like that of the Indians, to the haplogroup R1a with subgroups. "Northern Slavs", with haplogroup N, descended from other "proto". They do not have that unique mark, snip, that both the Indians and the Eastern Slavs have. Which once again confirms the common origin of the last two nationalities.

But what generally shakes the foundations of "Slavism" is that a significant part of the Ukrainians, namely the South Slavs, also have no common origin with the Eastern Slavs. Both have reproducible other haplotypes, reproducible another haplogroup, and the Indians have nothing to do with the South Slavs, at least after leaving Africa, about 60 thousand years ago.

Let's figure it out.

The Eastern Slavs and Indians have the R1a haplogroup, the South Slavs have the I1b haplogroup. Those who later became Eastern Slavs came from the East. If you believe in the concept of Arkaim - from the southern Urals, three to four thousand years ago, with its own haplogroup R1a. Those who became South Slavs came from the Balkans, with their haplogroup I1b. And then they got married, mixed, exchanged genes, and they continue to exchange in each subsequent generation - it's no wonder that a Slavic community with similar languages, religion, and culture arose. But haplotypes cannot be changed - they still carry their R1a, I1b and N through hundreds and thousands of generations, through genetics, through religion, through culture, almost without changing, except perhaps due to spontaneous mutations.

And what do we have now?

Here's what. The haplotype of haplogroup N, the Northern Slavs, "Hyperboreans", differs markedly from the haplotypes of other Slavs. If the eastern and southern Slavs, on a whim of fate, the six-digit haplotypes are very close - so the statistics lay down - and have the form (with mutations)

16-12-25-11-11-13

16-13-25-11-11-13,

accordingly, the northern Slavs usually have haplotypes of the form

14-12-23-11-14-14

14-12-23-10-14-14

that is, 8-9 mutations aside from the first. 800-1000 generations to a common ancestor, 20-30 thousand years. You don't really need to look at these haplotypes, and you can see that they are very different.

The haplotypes of the Eastern and Southern Slavs begin to differ markedly even with a slight increase in the number of markers, up to seven or eight. In the Eastern Slavs, 11-14 or 11-15 appear there (with light mutations), in the South - 14-14 or 15-15 (again with single mutations). Therefore, a trained eye immediately recognizes by haplotype, where are the southern Slavs, with the homeland of their ancestors in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Serbia, Croatia or Bulgaria, and where are the eastern Slavs.

There are much more Eastern Slavs in ancient Russian cities. But with a shift to the southwest, from Ukraine to the Balkans, the number of southern Slavs increases sharply. They, I repeat, have practically no relation to the Hindus. But with the Eastern Slavs they have long become intimate.

In Slavic cities, about 70% of the inhabitants belong to the Eastern Slavs (haplogroup R1a), 23% to the South Slavs (haplogroup I1b), and about 7% to the North Slavs (haplogroup N). This is one of those who have been tested for haplotypes. When crossing the southwestern borders of the former Soviet Union, the situation changes dramatically - there are only a quarter of the eastern Slavs and three quarters of the southern. So ethnic, or, more precisely, DNA-genealogical boundaries in this case really coincide with the state boundaries.

The South Slavs received their genetic mark, or "snip" M170, which determined their original haplogroup I, about 20-25 thousand years ago. Then it was followed by SNP S31, which separated the genealogically southern from the Baltic Slavs, whose SNIPs are completely different, which received the indexes M253, M307, P30 and P40. In any case, the Eastern Slavs have a completely different history of snips. They crossed with the southern ones for the last time, having received - both - SNPs M168 when leaving Africa and M89 about 45 thousand years ago. Since then, they have parted ways. The future Eastern Slavs left Mesopotamia to the east, in order to return from there to the southern Urals, the Central Russian Upland and to the Black Earth and Caspian steppes, and the future southern Slavs left through the Bosphorus and Dardanelles to the Balkans. Most of them settled in Bosnia and Croatia, but many moved there, which later became Ukraine and Russia. So, after millennia, they met with the Eastern Slavs, and formed a Slavic community. As you can see, the South Slavs are now about 20% of the population of Russia and Ukraine, and much more in the Balkans. And the Eastern Slavs several thousand years ago were the brothers of the Hindus.

So who came from whom?

Hard to say. It takes the efforts of representatives of many specialties to answer this question. And this connection of the Eastern Slavs with the Indians, which I am showing here with the help of DNA genealogy, is an additional contribution to the solution of this issue.

The similarity of the haplotypes of the Eastern Slavs and Indians is impressive. Above, we considered short 6-marker haplotypes, which were almost identical for both groups. But it turned out that the 12-marker haplotypes for them practically coincide. Let's try to show it "in nature".

If we take, for example, the haplotypes of the Slavs and Jews, then they do not coincide. This was shown above. The Slavs have a cloud of mutated haplotypes around 16-12-25-11-11-13, the Jews - around 14-16-23-10-11-12. If we represent this graphically, using a professional clustering program, then for 59 Slavic haplotypes (this is all that were found in the database for haplogroup R1a) and 200 haplotypes of Jews, descendants of the Middle Eastern patriarchs (haplogroup J1), the cluster turns out to be double, as shown in the figure:

On the left, in red - the Slavs, on the right - the Jews. Each cluster has its own nucleus, and a cloud of more mutated haplotypes around. The more identical haplotypes, the larger the size of the circle. It is clear that we are faced with two different ethnic, genealogical communities.

And here is what the clusters of Slavs and Indians look like. On the graph below, there are 113 people, about an equal share of both. Red, again, Slavs, yellow - Hindus. Almost complete overlay of clusters. I will add that 27 out of 113 haplotypes are cross-identical - among the Slavs and Indians. And this is for 12-marker haplotypes! Let me remind you that for a 12-marker haplotype, the probability of a coincidence for two people is one in two billion (Joseph and his brothers, or adult games with molecular genealogy. Part -1). And here - 27 out of 113 are cross-identical!

Haplotypes, which differ in mutations more than others, move to the sides with needles. And here there were some incidents. The fact is that here the term "Slavs" is rather arbitrary. In fact, I took from the database the haplotypes of ALL the inhabitants of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus, who were in this database, and who had the haplogroup R1a. I didn't want to discriminate against anyone. So, the haplotypes most deviating from the cluster, numbered 13, 34, 44, 54 and 87, are those whose structure is most different from the "canonical" Hindu or Slavic. I can't say anything about the Indians under the first three numbers, except that number 44 is called Said Akbar, but numbers 54 and 87 can be called Slavs rather conditionally, with the name Borukh for one, and the last name Leventhal for the other.

In short, the similarity of haplotypes with a rather fine structure (12-marker!) In Slavs and Indians is striking.

If this mixed Slavic-Indian cluster is simplified, and the whole is built from short 6-marker haplotypes, then it will look as shown below.

Here it is already useless to highlight Hindus and Slavs in different colors - the circles-haplotypes in most cases have merged with them. There are 113 haplotypes, and there are much fewer circles, only 31. In other words, 82 haplotypes overlapped, and the entire set of haplotypes was reduced to thirty-one. Here I marked with red color only the most strongly falling out among the Slavs, in order to show that both the Slavs and the Indians fall out approximately equally. The most outgoing haplotype among the Indians, at number 44, is the same Said Akbar. He has a really abnormal haplotype - instead of the usual 16-12-25-11-11-13 or around him, Said has 15-14-22-10-12-13. So he carried it away. In our Slavs, the loss of haplotypes is much more modest. Instead of the same usual 16-12-25-11-11-13 and around it, they have 15-12-26-11-11-14 (number 58 on the chart) and 16-12-26-11-11-14 (number 81). Otherwise, the Eastern Slavs and Indians are practically indistinguishable in this combined cluster.

So, where did the common ancestor of the Eastern Slavs and Indians live? Where did the ancestors of the Slavs come from to Eastern Europe? Maybe from the South Urals? Perhaps the discovery of Arkaim (Arkaim) will clarify these secrets?

But this is already a topic for another story.

Application

Let's take a look at the population of cities and some regions. The first figure will show the proportion of the Eastern Slavs, the second - the South, the third - the North.

Arkhangelsk 38 41 21
Belgorod 56 40 4
Brest 59 36 5
Bryansk 79 21
Vitebsk 68 22 10
Vladivostok 74 26
Vladimir 85 15
Bulgaria 21 79
Banja Luka (Bosnia-Herzegovina) 35 65
Mostar (Bosnia-Herzegovina) 17 83
Vologda 61 26 9
Volot 78 22
Gomel (Belarus) 67 33
Grodno (Belarus) 88 12
Ivanovo 78 22
Kaluga 71 29
Kiev 73 27
Lipetsk 71 29
Moscow 69 28 3
Nizhny Novgorod 55 30 15
Novgorod 70 16 14
Eagle 81 19
Penza 81 19
Pskov 52 16 32
Ryazan 77 14 9
Saratov 68 14 18
Smolensk 81 15 4
Tambov 72 28
Tartu (Estonia) 60 4 36
Tver 76 16 8
Tula 75 25

The most common haplotypes in ancient Russian and other Slavic cities. The number of people tested is indicated in brackets.

Belgorod (35 people)

16-12-24-11-11-13
16-12-25-11-11-13
16-12-26-11-11-13

Bryansk (43 people)

16-12-25-11-11-13
16-12-24-11-11-13
16-12-25-10-11-13

Vladimir (50 people)

16-12-25-11-11-13
16-12-24-11-11-12
16-12-26-11-11-13

Vologda (40 people)

16-12-25-11-11-13
16-12-25-10-11-13
14-12-23-10-11-13 (haplogroup I1a, Baltic, Scandinavian, North Germanic, Sami)

Volot (32 people)

16-12-25-11-11-13
16-12-25-10-11-13
16-12-24-10-11-13

Ivanovo (40 people)

16-12-25-11-11-13
16-12-24-11-11-13
16-12-25-10-11-13

Kaluga (36 people)

16-12-25-11-11-13
16-12-24-11-11-13
16-12-25-10-11-13

Kiev (243 people)

16-12-24-11-11-13
16-12-25-11-11-13
17-12-25-10-11-13

Lipetsk (47 people)

16-12-24-11-11-13
16-12-25-11-11-13
16-12-25-10-11-13

Moscow (85 people)

16-12-25-11-11-13
16-12-24-11-11-13
16-12-25-10-11-13

Nizhny Novgorod (53 people)

16-12-24-11-11-13
16-12-25-11-11-13
14-12-23-11-14-14 (haplogroup N, northern, Pomeranian, Scandinavian)

Novgorod (127 people)

16-12-25-10-11-13
16-12-25-11-11-13
15-12-25-11-11-13
14-12-23-10-14-14 (haplogroup N)

Arkhangelsk (42 people)

14-12-23-11-14-14 (haplogroup N)
14-12-22-11-14-14 (haplogroup N)
16-12-24-11-11-13

Oryol (72 people)

16-12-25-11-11-13
16-12-24-11-11-13
15-12-25-11-11-13

Penza (81 people)

16-12-25-11-11-13
16-12-25-10-11-13
15-12-25-11-11-13

Pskov (40 people)

15-12-23-11-14-14 (haplogroup N)
16-12-25-11-11-13
16-12-25-10-11-13

Ryazan (35 people)

16-12-24-10-11-13
16-12-25-11-11-13
16-12-24-11-11-13
16-12-25-10-11-13
15-12-25-10-11-13

Smolensk (43 people)

16-12-25-11-11-13
16-12-25-10-11-13
15-12-25-11-11-13

Tambov (48 people)

16-12-25-11-11-13
16-12-24-11-11-13
15-12-25-10-11-13
17-12-25-11-11-13
16-12-25-10-11-13

Tula (42 people)

16-12-25-11-11-13
16-12-24-11-11-13
16-12-24-10-11-13
16-12-25-10-11-13

Tver (43 people)

16-12-25-11-11-13
16-12-24-11-11-13
16-12-25-10-11-13

Brest (30 people)

16-12-24-11-11-13
16-12-25-10-11-13
16-12-24-10-11-13
16-12-25-11-11-13

Vitebsk (53 people)

16-12-25-11-11-13
16-12-24-11-11-13
16-12-25-10-11-13

Gomel (30 people)

16-12-24-11-11-13
15-12-25-11-11-13
16-12-25-11-11-13
16-12-24-10-11-13

Grodno (56 people)

16-12-25-10-11-13
16-12-25-11-11-13
17-12-25-10-11-13
16-12-24-11-11-13

Belarus "as a whole" (69 people)

16-12-25-11-11-13
16-12-24-11-11-13
16-12-25-10-11-13
16-12-24-10-11-13

16-12-25-10-11-13 (10)
16-12-25-11-11-13 (6)
16-12-24-10-11-13 (5)
15-12-25-11-11-13 (4)
16-12-24-11-11-13 (3)
15-12-25-10-11-13 (3)
15-12-24-11-11-13 (2)
17-12-25-11-11-13 (2)
15-12-25-11-10-13 (2)
15-12-24-10-11-13 (1)
15-12-25-11-11-13 (1)
16-12-24-11-11-12 (1)
16-12-23-11-11-13 (1)
15-12-24- 9-11-13 (1)
15-12-25-10-12-13 (1)
15-12-23-10-11-13 (1)
15-12-24-10-10-13 (1)
15-12-26-10-11-13 (1)
15-12-26-11-11-13 (1)
16-12-24-11-11-14 (1)
16-12-22-11-11-13 (1)
15-12-22-10-12-13 (1)
17-12-25-10-11-13 (1)
16-12-25-12-11-13 (1)

And everyone's surnames are typically Hindu - Srinivasan, Singh, Patel, Krishnaswami, Bhatnagar, Sharma ...

The most common are the same haplotypes as in the Eastern Slavs. In total, this group of 52 haplotypes in relation to both the "base" 16-12-25-10-11-13 and the second haplotype 16-12-25-11-11-13 has 85 mutations, on average 0.27 mutations on the marker. This corresponds to approximately 170 generations to a common ancestor, or 4200 years.