We draw musical instruments in kindergarten. What are the types of musical instruments? (photo, names)

If you decide to introduce your child to musical instruments, then especially for you cute cards with children playing musical instruments.

Your child will become familiar with such musical instruments as drum kit, tuba, violin, organ, triangle, electric guitar, piano, xylophone, flute, tambourine, saxophone, drum, guitar, clarinet, trumpet, cymbals.

Cute baby pictures will appeal to any toddler. Cards with musical instruments are intended for children from 1 year old.

You can use them both at home and in kindergarten, early childhood and elementary school.

For the smallest, it is enough to show the cards and pronounce the name of the musical instruments shown in the pictures.

Then you can check how well your child has mastered the information. Ask him to choose one or another musical instrument from two options. If the child quickly copes with this task and complicate it - add more cards with musical instruments and offer to find one or another instrument.

Download here for free musical instruments flashcards for kids:

Here you can also download a memory game with musical instruments for children.

Download and print two copies of multi-colored cards, first take several identical cards, turn them over to the other side and invite your child to find two pairs of identical cards with musical instruments, while learning the names of musical instruments.

Here are the cards themselves - click on the image below to print:

Another musical instrument game for children.

Here you need to determine the name of a musical instrument by its shadow.

Look also - there are many pictures with musical instruments for children.

Musical instruments are designed to produce various sounds. If a musician plays well, then these sounds can be called music, if not, then cacaphony. There are so many tools that learning them is like a fun game, worse than Nancy Drew! In modern musical practice, instruments are divided into different classes and families according to the sound source, the material of manufacture, the method of sound production, and other characteristics.

Wind musical instruments (aerophones): a group of musical instruments, the sound source of which is the vibrations of the air column in the bore (tube). They are classified according to many criteria (material, construction, methods of sound production, etc.). In a symphony orchestra, the group of wind musical instruments is divided into wood (flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon) and copper (trumpet, French horn, trombone, tuba).

1. The flute is a woodwind musical instrument. The modern type of transverse flute (with valves) was invented by the German master T. Boehm in 1832 and has varieties: the piccolo (or piccolo flute), alto and bass flute.

2. The oboe is a woodwind reed musical instrument. Known since the 17th century. Varieties: small oboe, oboe d "cupid, English horn, gekkelfon.

3. Clarinet is a woodwind reed musical instrument. Designed at the beginning. 18th century In modern practice, soprano clarinets, piccolo clarinet (Italian piccolo), alto (so-called basset horn), bass clarinet are used.

4. Bassoon is a woodwind musical instrument (mainly orchestral). Arose in the 1st half. 16th century The bass variety is the contrabassoon.

5. Trumpet is a brass mouthpiece musical instrument known since ancient times. The modern type of valve pipe developed to the middle. 19th century

6. French horn is a wind musical instrument. It appeared at the end of the 17th century as a result of the improvement of the hunting horn. The modern type of french horn with valves was created in the first quarter of the 19th century.

7. Trombone - a brass musical instrument (mainly orchestral), in which the pitch is regulated by a special device - a slide (the so-called sliding trombone or zugtrombone). There are also valve trombones.

8. Tuba is the lowest sounding brass musical instrument. Designed in 1835 in Germany.

Metallophones are a kind of musical instruments, the main element of which is the plate-keys, which are beaten with a hammer.

1. Self-sounding musical instruments (bells, gongs, vibraphones, etc.), the sound source of which is their elastic metal body. The sound is produced with hammers, sticks, special drummers (tongues).

2. Instruments of the xylophone type, in contrast to which the metallophone plates are made of metal.

Stringed musical instruments (chordophones): according to the method of sound production, they are divided into bowed (for example, violin, cello, gijak, kemancha), plucked (harp, gusli, guitar, balalaika), percussion (cymbals), percussion keyboard (piano), plucked -keyboard (harpsichord).

1. Violin is a 4-stringed bowed musical instrument. Highest in register in the violin family, which formed the basis of a symphony orchestra of classical composition and a string quartet.

2. The cello is a musical instrument of the violin family of bass-tenor register. Appeared in the 15-16th centuries. Classic samples were created by Italian masters of the 17-18 centuries: A. and N. Amati, G. Guarneri, A. Stradivari.

3. Gidjak is a stringed bowed musical instrument (Tajik, Uzbek, Turkmen, Uyghur).

4. Kemancha (kamancha) - 3-4-stringed bowed musical instrument. Distributed in Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Dagestan, as well as the countries of the Middle and Near East.

5. Harp (from German Harfe) is a multi-stringed plucked musical instrument. The earliest images are in the third millennium BC. In its simplest form, it is found in almost all peoples. The modern pedal harp was invented in 1801 by S. Erard in France.

6. Gusli is a Russian stringed musical instrument. Wing-shaped gusli ("bell-shaped") have 4-14 or more strings, helmet-shaped - 11-36, rectangular (table-shaped) - 55-66 strings.

7. Guitar (Spanish guitarra, from the Greek cithara) is a stringed plucked instrument of the lute type. In Spain, it has been known since the 13th century, in the 17-18th centuries it spread to the countries of Europe and America, including as a folk instrument. Since the 18th century, the 6-string guitar has become commonly used, the 7-string guitar has become widespread mainly in Russia. Among the varieties is the so-called ukulele; in modern pop music, an electric guitar is used.

8. Balalaika is a Russian folk 3-string plucked musical instrument. Known from the beginning. 18th century Improved in the 1880s. (under the leadership of V.V. Andreev) V.V. Ivanov and F.S.Paserbsky, who designed the family of balalaikas, later - S.I. Nalimov.

9. Cymbals (Polish. Cymbaly) - multi-stringed percussion musical instrument of ancient origin. They are part of the folk orchestras of Hungary, Poland, Romania, Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova, etc.

10. Piano (Italian fortepiano, from forte - loud and piano - quiet) is the general name for keyboard musical instruments with hammer action (grand piano, piano). The piano was invented at the beginning. 18th century The emergence of the modern type of piano - with the so-called. double rehearsal - refers to the 1820s. The heyday of piano performance - 19-20 centuries.

11. Harpsichord (French clavecin) - stringed keyboard-plucked musical instrument, the forerunner of the piano. It has been known since the 16th century. There were harpsichords of various shapes, types and varieties, including the harpsichord, virginel, spinet, clavicitherium.

Keyboard musical instruments: a group of musical instruments united by a common feature - the presence of keyboard mechanics and a keyboard. They are divided into different classes and types. Keyboards come in combination with other categories.

1. Strings (percussion keyboards and plucked keyboards): piano, celesta, harpsichord and its varieties.

2. Wind (keyboard-wind and reed): organ and its varieties, harmonium, button accordion, accordion, melodic.

3. Electromechanical: electric piano, clavinet

4. Electronic: electronic piano

piano (Italian fortepiano, from forte - loud and piano - quiet) is the general name for keyboard musical instruments with hammer action (grand piano, piano). It was invented at the beginning of the 18th century. The emergence of the modern type of piano - with the so-called. double rehearsal - refers to the 1820s. The heyday of piano performance - 19-20 centuries.

Percussion musical instruments: a group of instruments united by the way of sound production - impact. The sound source is a solid body, a membrane, a string. Instruments are distinguished with a certain (timpani, bells, xylophones) and indefinite (drums, tambourines, castanets) pitch.

1. Timpani (timpani) (from the Greek polytaurea) is a kettle-shaped percussion musical instrument with a membrane, often paired (soot, etc.). Distributed since ancient times.

2. Bells - orchestral percussion self-sounding musical instrument: a set of metal records.

3. Xylophone (from xylo ... and Greek phone - sound, voice) - percussion self-sounding musical instrument. Consists of a series of wooden blocks of various lengths.

4. Drum - percussion membrane musical instrument. Varieties are found in many peoples.

5. Tambourine - percussion membrane musical instrument, sometimes with metal pendants.

6. Castanetvas (Spanish castanetas) - percussion musical instrument; shell-shaped wooden (or plastic) plates attached to the fingers.

Electromusical Instruments: Musical instruments in which sound is created by generating, amplifying and converting electrical signals (using electronic equipment). They have a peculiar timbre, they can imitate various instruments. Electromusical instruments include the theremin, emiton, electric guitar, electric organs, etc.

1. Thereminvox is the first domestic electromusical instrument. Designed by L. S. Termen. The pitch of the sound in the theremin changes depending on the distance of the performer's right hand to one of the antennas, the volume - from the distance of the left hand to the other antenna.

2. The Emriton is an electric musical instrument equipped with a piano-type keyboard. Designed in the USSR by inventors A. A. Ivanov, A. V. Rimsky-Korsakov, V. A. Kreitser and V. P. Dzerzhkovich (1st model in 1935).

3. Electric guitar - a guitar, usually made of wood, with electric pickups that convert vibrations of metal strings into vibrations of electric current. The first magnetic pickup was built in 1924 by Gibson engineer Lloyd Loer. The most common are six-string electric guitars.

Larisa Gushchina

Musical and didactic games in kindergarten are a means of enhancing the musical development of each child, which makes it possible to introduce them to the active perception of music.

I present to you some of the DIY didactic games and attributes for music lessons.

THREE CEE TKA

Didactic game to determine the nature of music

Demonstration: three flowers made of cardboard (in the middle of the flower a "face" is drawn - sleeping, crying or cheerful, depicting three types of music character:

Kind, affectionate, lulling (lullaby);

Sad, mournful;

Merry, joyful, dancing, perky.

You can make not flowers, but three suns, three clouds, three stars, etc.

Handout: each child has one flower that reflects the nature of the music.

Option I. The musical director performs the piece. The summoned child takes a flower corresponding to the character of the music and shows it. All children are actively involved in determining the nature of the music. If the work is known to children, then the called child says its name and the name of the composer.

Option II. Each child has one of three flowers in front of it. The music director performs the piece, and the children, whose flowers match the character of the music, raise them.

Musical patterns

A musical game that develops musical imagination and a sense of rhythm.

Purpose of the game:

to give children an idea of ​​long and short, smooth and sharp, high and low sounds, etc. etc.

Didactic material:

cards with graphic images of "musical" patterns.

Game organization method:

The teacher invites children to look at the picture and reproduce with their voice the musical pattern depicted on the card, you can also play some drawings on musical instruments or show this musical pattern in motion.

"Stand up children, stand in a circle"

Purpose: To develop children's orientation in space. To teach free rebuilding in the hall (circle, semicircle, ranks, etc.)

Preliminary work: to acquaint children in advance with the icons on the cards: circles - boys, triangles - girls. The cards also show how the children should stand. For example: for a round dance, children stand in a circle (a card with a circle), for a game - in a circle with a driver (a card with a circle and a center, for a dance - in pairs in a circle (a card with triangles and circles located in a circle), etc.

Description: Children are accommodated in the hall. The music director shows a card. Then the music sounds, to which the children move freely around the hall. When the music begins to subside, the children rearrange themselves according to the indicated card.

The cards are convenient to use when learning musical material, in preparation for the holidays.

Rhythmic fence

Purpose: to develop a sense of rhythm in children, to acquaint with a strong beat.

Demonstrative material: cards with the image of fences, reflecting the strong beat in the march, waltz, polka.

Preliminary work: children are familiar with the genres of music in advance.

Description: the music director tells the children about the strong beat, pat the strong beat in the march, waltz., Mark it with a corresponding card, pat it again. Celebrating the strong beat.

Decorate the Christmas tree

Define the tempo of the music

Purpose: Development of the perception of music. Getting to know the pace.

Handouts: Flashcards that match the theme of the piece of music and cards that reflect the tempo of the music.

Preliminary work: to introduce children to certain pieces of music that more vividly reflect the changes in tempo in the music. Pick up pictures with the designation of the tempo of the music (fast, impetuous, very fast, slow, very slow, etc.) and introduce children to them.

Description: Children, after listening to music, determine its name, talk about the tempo of the music, about the animal, about its character movement and select the appropriate card.

Musical and didactic game "Guess what I'm playing".

Target. Exercise children in distinguishing the sound of children's musical instruments.

Develop timbre hearing.

Description. Screen, children's musical instruments: pipe, tambourine, rattle, spoons, triangle, bell, metallophone, bells, rattle.

The course of the game.

Option 1. The leader behind the screen alternately plays the children's musical instruments. (Pipe, tambourine, rattle, spoons, triangle, bell, metallophone, bells, rattle.)

Children guess the instrument by sound. When you click, a corresponding picture of a musical instrument appears in the presentation.

Option 2. When you click, a picture of a musical instrument appears in the presentation.

Children choose a similar instrument from those offered, name it and play it.

"Musical House" or "Little Composer"

1variant of the game: "Teremok" Purpose: development of children's melodic hearing.

Game material Figures of animals. Course of the game: There is a teremok, a teremok in the field. How handsome he is and tall and tall. We walk up the stairs, we all walk. We sing our song, but we sing. Three children are selected, each taking any figurine for himself. The character walks up the steps and sings the first phrase: "I walk the steps ...", then, standing at the entrance to the house, sings the second phrase: "I'm entering a wonderful house!", Inventing his own motive, and “enters” the house. Each child, coming up with a motive for the second phrase, should not repeat someone else's motive. When all the characters “enter” the house, movement downward begins, in reverse order. The character goes down the steps and sings: "I am going down the steps ...", then, standing at the first step, he sings the second phrase: "I will go along the path."

2 version of the game: "Little composer" A house is opened in which notes live, each on its own floor, children are invited to become a famous composer for a minute and compose their own music. Then the composed music is played by the musical director, and the children listen to what piece of music or song they have obtained (you can sing it first with the musical director, and then at the same time.)

Seven-flower flower ”.

Didactic game for the development of memory and musical ear.

Purpose: development of musical ear and musical memory of children. Game material: A large flower, consisting of seven petals of different colors, which are inserted into a slot in the middle of the flower. On the back of the petal there are drawings for the plots of the works that the children got acquainted with in the classroom. For example: 1. "Cavalry" D. B. Kabalevsky. 2. "Clowns" D. B. Kabalevsky. 3. "Disease of a doll" PI Tchaikovsky. 4. "Procession of the Dwarfs" E. Grieg. 5. "Santa Claus" R. Schumann, etc. Course of the game: Children sit in a semicircle. A gardener (teacher) comes and brings children an extraordinary flower. The called child takes out any petal from the middle, turns it and guesses to which work this illustration is. If the work is known to him, then the child should name it and the name of the composer. The music director performs a piece or starts a recording. All children are actively involved in determining the character, tempo, genre of the work.

"Multi-remotes"

1 version of the game (a game to develop visual memory and musical impressions)

Purpose: To develop visual memory, expand the musical horizons, replenish the child's vocabulary with musical terms, teach children to clearly express their thoughts.

Game description: Players are given hint cards with a picture of a fragment of a children's cartoon. A song from the cartoon sounds. Players are invited to remember and name this song from which cartoon. If the player finds it difficult to answer, you can offer to tell what this cartoon is about.

2 version of the game

Purpose: To teach children to determine the nature of music, to develop diction when singing, pure intonation, to develop emotional responsiveness to the song heard, to acquaint children with the works of the composer V. Ya. Shainsky and children's songwriters.

Game description: Children stand in a circle. Players are given hint cards with a picture of a fragment of a cartoon. Moose. hands. invites the players to consider the card. With the help of the reader, the "driver" is selected:

“One, two, three, four, five - we are going to play,

A forty came to us and told you to sing. "

The player is invited to perform a children's song, which is depicted on the card. If the player finds it difficult to sing, then the music helps him sing. hands. If the child does not know this song, the turn goes to any player who wants to perform the song, he also becomes the driver.

"Name a composer of music", "Merry record"

The course of the game. The teacher shows the children portraits of the composers P. Tchaikovsky, M. Glinka, D. Kabalevsky, offers to name the familiar works of these composers. For the correct answer, the child receives a point. Then the music director plays this or that piece (or a gramophone record sounds). The called child should name & that work and tell about it. For a complete answer, the child gets two points. The winner is the one who gets the most points.

The game is carried out in the classroom, and can also be used as entertainment.

Merry record

Game material. A toy turntable with a set of records - in the center there is a picture that conveys the content of the Song; turntable with a set of programmed discs.

The course of the game. The presenter plays the introduction to some work familiar to the children in the recording. The summoned child finds the desired one among the small records and “plays” it on a toy player.

What music?

Game material. Turntable, records of waltz, dance, polka; cards depicting dancing waltz, folk dance and polka.

The course of the game. Children are given cards. Musical director, performs on the piano (in the gramophone record) pieces of music that correspond to the content of the pictures on the cards. Children recognize the work and raise the desired card.

Attributes for matinees and classes.

Music has surrounded us since childhood. And then we have the first musical instruments. Remember your first drum or tambourine? And the shiny metallophone, on the records of which you had to knock with a wooden stick? And the pipes with holes on the side? With a certain skill, it was even possible to play simple melodies on them.

Toy instruments are the first step into the world of real music. Now you can buy a variety of musical toys: from simple drums and harmonicas to almost real pianos and synthesizers. Do you think these are just toys? Not at all: in the preparatory classes of music schools, whole noise bands are made from such toys, in which kids selflessly blow pipes, beat drums and tambourines, whip up the rhythm with maracas and play the first songs on a xylophone ... And this is their first real step into the world music.

Types of musical instruments

The world of music has its own order and classification. Instruments are divided into large groups: strings, keyboards, percussion, wind and also reed... Which of them appeared earlier, which later, now it is difficult to say for sure. But already the ancient people who fired from a bow noticed that a stretched bowstring sounds, reed tubes, if blown into them, emit whistling sounds, and it is convenient to beat the rhythm on any surfaces by all available means. These objects became the progenitors of string, wind and percussion instruments, already known in Ancient Greece. Reed appeared a long time ago, but keyboards were invented a little later. Let's consider these main groups.

Wind instruments

In wind instruments, sound is emitted as a result of vibrations of a column of air trapped inside the tube. The larger the volume of air, the lower the sound it emits.

The wind instruments are divided into two large groups: wooden and copper. Wooden - flute, clarinet, oboe, bassoon, alpine horn ... - represent a straight tube with side holes. By closing or opening the holes with their fingers, the musician can shorten the air column and change the pitch. Modern instruments are often made not of wood, but of other materials, but traditionally they are called wood.

Copper wind instruments set the tone for any orchestra, from brass to symphonic. Trumpet, French horn, trombone, tuba, helicon, a whole family of saxhorns (baritone, tenor, alto) are typical representatives of this loudest group of instruments. Later, the saxophone appeared - the king of jazz.

The pitch of a brass instrument changes due to the force of the blown air and the position of the lips. Without additional valves, such a pipe can emit only a limited number of sounds - a natural scale. To expand the range of sound and the ability to get to all sounds, a system of valves was invented - valves that change the height of the air column (like side holes on wooden ones). Copper pipes that are too long, unlike wooden ones, can be rolled up, giving them a more compact shape. French horn, tuba, helicon are examples of rolled pipes.

Strings

The bowstring can be considered the prototype of string instruments - one of the most important groups in any orchestra. The sound here is emitted by an oscillating string. To amplify the sound, the strings were pulled over the hollow body - this is how the lute and mandolin, cymbals, gusli ... and the well-known guitar appeared to us.

The string group is divided into two main subgroups: bowed and plucked instruments. Violins of all sorts belong to bowed ones: violins, violas, cellos and huge double basses. The sound from them is extracted with a bow, which is led along the stretched strings. And for plucked bows, a bow is not needed: the musician plucks the string with his fingers, making it vibrate. Guitar, balalaika, lute - plucked instruments. Like a beautiful harp that makes such gentle cooing sounds. But is the contrabass a bowed or plucked instrument? Formally, it belongs to bowed ones, but often, especially in jazz, it is played with plucking.

Keyboards

If the fingers striking the strings are replaced with hammers, and the hammers are set in motion with the keys, you get keyboards instruments. The first keyboards - clavichord and harpsichord- appeared in the Middle Ages. They sounded rather quiet, but very gentle and romantic. And at the beginning of the 18th century they invented piano- an instrument that could be played both loudly (forte) and quietly (piano). The long name is usually shortened to the more familiar "piano". The elder brother of the piano - what a brother there is - a king! - that's what it's called: piano... This is no longer a tool for small apartments, but for concert halls.

The largest - and one of the most ancient - belongs to keyboards! - musical instruments: organ. This is no longer a percussion keyboard, like a piano and a grand piano, but keyboard-wind instrument: not the lungs of the musician, but the blower creates a stream of air into the tubing. This huge system is controlled by a complex control panel, which has everything: from a manual (i.e. manual) keyboard to pedals and register switches. And how else: organs are made up of tens of thousands of individual tubes of various sizes! But their range is huge: each pipe can sound only on one note, but when there are thousands of them ...

Drums

The oldest musical instruments were percussion. It was the percussion of rhythm that was the first prehistoric music. The sound can be emitted by a stretched membrane (drum, tambourine, eastern darbuka ...) or the body of the instrument itself: triangles, cymbals, gongs, castanets and other knocking and rattling sounds. A special group is made up of drums, emitting a sound of a certain pitch: timpani, bells, xylophones. You can already play a melody on them. Percussion ensembles consisting only of percussion instruments put on whole concerts!

Reed

Is it possible to somehow extract the sound? Can. If one end of a plate made of wood or metal is fixed, and the other is left free and made to vibrate, then we get the simplest tongue - the basis of reed instruments. If there is only one tongue, we get jew's harp... Reed include accordions, button accordions, accordions and their miniature model - harmonica.

harmonica

Keys can be seen on the button accordion and accordion, so they are considered both keyboards and reeds. Some wind instruments are also reed: for example, in the already familiar clarinet and bassoon, the reed is hidden inside the pipe. Therefore, the division of instruments into these types is conditional: there are many instruments mixed type.

In the 20th century, the friendly musical family was replenished with another large family: electronic instruments... The sound in them is created artificially using electronic circuits, and the first sample was the legendary theremin, created back in 1919. Electronic synthesizers can simulate the sound of any instrument and even ... play themselves. If, of course, someone draws up a program. :)

Dividing instruments into these groups is just one way to classify. There are many others: for example, the Chinese combined tools depending on the material from which they were made: wood, metal, silk and even stone ... Classification methods are not so important. It is much more important to be able to recognize instruments both in appearance and in sound. This is what we will learn.

Children are very fond of music and everything connected with it. Therefore, they are happy to examine and study musical instruments, and, if possible, try to play them. But remembering the names of so many unusual objects for kids can be quite difficult,

And in this case, cut pictures with the image of different tools come to the rescue; for children who can read well or are beginning to read, pictures with names are especially relevant.

Usually, pictures for children depicting musical instruments include the main types of instruments from different classes - keyboards, drums, winds. The differences between them are studied at school, and at the kindergarten level, it is enough for children to remember what the instrument is called and, if possible, learn how it sounds. Therefore, it is very convenient if pictures for kindergarten depicting musical instruments are accompanied by recording on a CD.

It is easier to start learning with instruments that have a distinctive look and sound.

The flute is one of the very first instruments to appear.

Saxophone and clarinet.

The organ is the largest of all instruments.

Triangle and Tambourine are the main creators of additional sound effects.

The violin is the queen of musical instruments.

The cello is the larger sister of the violin with a lower voice.

The synthesizer is a true all-rounder.

The grand piano and the piano are the basis of the music.

A xylophone, with a childish variety of which babies usually get acquainted already at a young age.

The gusli is the most widespread folk instrument in our country.

Harmonica (or accordion), which is convenient to carry with you in your pocket. Emits a kind and touching sound.

The guitar and its cousin the electric guitar.

The bagpipes are often heard singing in Scotland.

Drum and whole drum kit, the main rhythm makers of the melody.

The accordion is a rich-sounding instrument.

Maracas - make a delicious rustling sound.

For convenience, you can make cards from pictures depicting musical instruments, and then the kids will be able to work with them more purposefully, examining the instruments closely, pulling out different ones in turn and grouping them according to certain criteria.

Musical instruments (drawn)

At school, they will already lay out pictures, focusing on the type of instrument and its sound. You can demonstrate the desired card, including a recording with the sound of a certain instrument, and then the kids will better understand and hear the melodies. And by joining music, they will broaden their horizons and enrich their inner world.