Load size il 76.

Il-76T is a civilian modification of the famous military transport aircraft. This aircraft (RA-76460) was produced in 1981, operated by Aeroflot, decommissioned in 1995. Several years ago, it was transferred to storage in, placed in the parking lot of the training and aviation technical center in Sheremetyevo. On this aircraft, students undergo a practical introduction to the specialty.

1. Il-76 was developed at the Ilyushin Design Bureau in 1966-1971 under the leadership of Genrikh Vasilyevich Novozhilov.

2. It was the first military transport aircraft in the USSR with turbojet engines.

3. The wingspan of the aircraft is 50.5 meters, which exceeds the length of the fuselage.

4. The difference between the IL-76T and the main modification is the absence of a machine-gun cabin in the tail.

5. Through the passenger hatch in the front part of the fuselage we will enter the cabin.

6. Immediately at the entrance there is a flight operator’s console for transport equipment. Here is the control panel for oxygen supply to the crew and passengers in case of depressurization.

7. This remote control opens the hatches, controls lighting and pressure in the cabin. Basic flight data is also displayed here.

8. The length of the cargo compartment is 24.5 m, its width and height are 3.4 m each.

9. Electronic equipment is hidden on the sides behind the panels.

10. An electric hoist beam with a load capacity of 2.5 tons stretches along the entire compartment.

11. The transport compartment ends with a pressurized flap that separates it from the cargo hatch. Please note that the red beam continues on the sash.

12. The seal can be lifted, freeing up the passage for cargo. At the same time, the rail on it rises to a horizontal position and allows the crane to enter the tail compartment.

13. The cargo hatch is closed by a ramp and three doors: a middle one that opens upward and two side flaps of the petal type that open outward. Thanks to this, when the hatch was opened, the aerodynamics of the aircraft remained almost unchanged.

14. In the tail there is an opening into the fuselage, through which the mechanization of the keel is visible.

15. And a narrow hole goes up, called “Novozhilov Avenue”. It runs through the entire keel and ends at the hatch outward .

16. Now let's examine the cockpit. It was two-tiered, with a navigator sitting below. In the panel above his chair there are indicators and control panels for two on-board radars: one is designed to view the earth's surface, the second is for monitoring the air situation.

17. And below is an observation window with a panoramic view.

18. Through the glass he smiles welcomingly Sergey Mikheev from the Russian newspaper.

19. Above the navigator’s work table there are consoles and indicators of the inertial navigation system, long-range and short-range radio systems, a Doppler speed and drift angle meter, ARK-15M radio compasses, the same as those used by flight command pilots.

20. Control unit KP2-12A.

21. Keyboard for controlling the on-board digital computer “Gnome-A”. The navigators nicknamed it the “piano” because of the large, hard keys that need to be pressed hard with your fingers.

22. And behind the navigator’s chair hides a whole compartment of mesmerizing equipment.

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26. We will go up the ladder to the upper tier.

27. The ladder ends in the nook in front of the cockpit.

28. A flight engineer and a flight radio operator sat behind the pilots; their seats are visible below.

29. Workplace of the flight radio operator, on the table you can see the key for knocking out the Morse code. The radio station control panel is installed on the front panel. On the right panel, the radio operator controls the aircraft’s power supply parameters. In case of flying to hot countries, a fan is provided.

30. The flight engineer's workplace was located behind the center between the pilots. He started the engines. This remote control was his too.

31. Pilots' place. A KP-3A forward-looking radar hangs above the instrument panel, which can move left and right. With its help, pilots control the air situation.

32. Pedals are visible behind the steering wheels. The large ones serve to turn the rudder in flight, and during the takeoff and run - to control the rotation of the nose landing gear, the small ones control the brakes.

33. Instruments and indicators displaying information about the spatial position of the aircraft. This is an aerobatic command and navigation and flight instrument s, dial indicators for barometric and radio altimeters, heading angle indicators, speed and acceleration indicators.

34. On the middle panel there are engine control handles and the autopilot remote control. Engine control sensors are visible above.

35. Heading glass and blowing system. The view from here is an order of magnitude worse than from the navigator's seat.

(NATO code Candid - “direct, sincere”) is a Soviet and Russian military transport heavy aircraft. Developed by Ilyushin design bureau.

At the end of June 1966, the USSR Ministry of Aviation Industry instructed the Ilyushin Design Bureau to create the Il-76 military transport aircraft. In February 1967, designer Sergei Ilyushin approved the technical proposal for the design of the Il-76. In November of the same year, the Council of Ministers adopted a resolution to begin the construction of a military transport aircraft.

The plane first took off on March 25, 1971. The first production model took off on May 5, 1973.

The IL-76 is intended for landing personnel and transporting cargo and equipment for various purposes. It is the first transport military aircraft with turbojet engines in the history of the Soviet Union. The aircraft is capable of delivering cargo with a maximum weight of 28-60 tons at a distance of 3600-4200 km with a cruising speed of 770-800 km/h (the largest weight of transported cargo and flight range are associated with the modification).

The aircraft is designed according to the traditional design for heavy transport aircraft of a single-fuselage high-wing aircraft with a swept wing and a single-fin T-shaped tail. It has ordinary swept wings and single-fin tail in the form of a T-shape. The aircraft wing is trapezoidal with a fracture along the trailing edge.

The fuselage of the aircraft has a round shape and is divided into several sealed compartments. The IL-76 pilot's cabin is located in the upper part, and the navigator's cabin is located under the pilot's cabin. There is also a pressurized cargo compartment. Military models have a gunner's cabin equipped with a rear gun mount.

The plane has three hatches - two in the front and one in the rear. The rear hatch is a cargo hatch and has a three-leaf structure.

The aircraft is equipped with four turbojet engines, each of which is suspended on its own pylon under the wing of the aircraft. In addition, there is a five-wheel landing gear, which is retracted into the fuselage during takeoff.

Technical characteristics of the Il-76 aircraft:

Length: 46.6 meters

Wingspan: 50.5 meters

Wing area: 300 square meters.

Maximum take-off weight: 210 tons

Empty weight: 88,500 kilograms

Load capacity: up to 60 tons

Fuel capacity: 109,000 liters

Speed ​​at flight level: 780-850 km/h

Range of flight:

with a load of 60 tons: less than 4000 kilometers

with a load of 48 tons: 5500 kilometers

with a load of 40 tons: 6500 kilometers

Cargo compartment volume: 321 square meters.

Crew: 5 people.

Number of paratroopers on board: 126

Aircraft life: 30,000 hours/10,000 landings/30 years.

The aircraft has several modifications: Il-76T - a modification with a reinforced structure and an additional fuel tank; Il-76TD - modification of Il-76T; Il-76M - a specialized military version of the Il-76T with cannon armament, and a system with dipole reflectors and jamming; Il-76P (TP, TDP) - firefighting aircraft; IL-76PS - modification for search and rescue operations at sea; Il-76MD Scalpel - “flying hospital”; IL-76K/MDK - modification for simulating the state of weightlessness during training of astronauts, etc.

Structural changes to the heavy military transport aircraft (MTA) Il-76MD-90A (also known as Il-476), including the chassis modernized by the Aviation Equipment holding, made it possible to increase the payload capacity of the MTA to 60 tons, and the maximum take-off weight up to 210 tons. This was reported to ARMS-TASS by the press service of the holding.

New landing gear sets for the Il-76MD-90A were created at the Samara enterprise of the Aviation Equipment holding. Under the contract with the United Aircraft Corporation (UAC), it will supply chassis to the UAC-TS division until 2020.

After this, the holding expects to extend the contract. Aviation Equipment enterprises develop and produce takeoff and landing devices, landing gear, electric landing gear drives, etc., also within the framework of other programs for promising Russian aircraft. These are, in particular, the new Ka-62, Sukhoi Superjet-100, PAK DA, MTA, MS-21 helicopters.

Technical information

The Il-76MD-90A heavy military transport aircraft is a deeply modernized version of the well-proven Il-76MD aircraft, which was produced in the Republic of Uzbekistan at the Tashkent Aviation Enterprise. Chkalova.

In the course of work on the program, an assessment was made of the modern requirements of the main customer - the Russian Ministry of Defense and other potential customers. Changes in the modernized Il-76MD-90A affected both on-board equipment and systems, as well as the design of the aircraft. The new flight and navigation complex, automatic control system, communications complex and glass cockpit meet all modern requirements for aircraft avionics and significantly increase flight safety, precision of aircraft navigation and landing. Replacing standard D-30KP2 engines with much more modern PS-90A-76 engines, installing a modified wing and reinforced landing gear significantly expand the aircraft's operational capabilities.

The modernized Il-76MD-90A made its first demonstration flight on October 4, 2012. The flight prototype took to the skies from the runway of the flight test complex of the Ulyanovsk-Vostochny airport under the control of a crew consisting of: test pilot, crew commander of the Hero of Russia Nikolai Kuimov, co-pilot of the Honored Test Pilot of Russia Vladimir Irinarkhov, navigator Valery Grechko, flight engineer Alexey Zhuravlev, flight radio operator Sergei Orlov, leading flight test engineer Vladimir Lysyagin, flight electrician Alexander Tsvetkov, flight operator Alexey Mitin.

During the flight, which was also observed by a delegation consisting of the head of the presidential administration Sergei Ivanov, Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Rogozin, Minister of Industry and Trade Denis Manturov, Minister of Defense Anatoly Serdyukov, Minister of Economic Development Andrei Belousov, head of the UAC Mikhail Pogosyan, presidential aide Igor Levitin , Governor of the Ulyanovsk Region Sergei Morozov and others, the Il-76MD-90A successfully took to the skies and landed on the runway at exactly the appointed time.

Tactical and technical indicators

The Il-76 aircraft has been in operation for more than 45 years (since March 25, 1971). During this time, about 950 aircraft of this type of various modifications (36 modifications) were manufactured. Thanks to its unique performance qualities, the Il-76 has become the most common military transport aircraft in the world.

Currently, there are 238 aircraft of the Il-76T/TD family in operation around the world:

in Russian airlines - 31 aircraft (of which 7 aircraft with PS-90A-76 engines);

in the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia - 6 aircraft;

in foreign airlines and “power” structures (27 countries of the world) - 201 aircraft.

As experts from the State Research Institute of Civil Aviation predict, by 2034 the cargo turnover of Russian airlines may triple. In this case, up to 150 cargo aircraft of various carrying capacity will be required, including up to 50 cargo modifications of wide-body aircraft and the same number of ramp aircraft (excluding the super-large An-124).

The transport capabilities of the new modification of the Il-76, the Il-76TD-90A, significantly exceed those of other models in the family. It is being created on the basis of an already serial military transport Il-76MD-90A.

The main design differences of the aircraft

• New wing using long caisson panels made it possible to:
  • increase the maximum take-off weight of the aircraft by 10.5%,
  • increase the maximum landing weight of the aircraft by 9.5%;
  • increase maximum payload by 25%;
• New serial turbofan engines PS-90A-76 provide more intensive operation of the aircraft with increased fuel efficiency and reliability.
• New sighting and navigation aerobatic complex “Dome Sh-76M(A)” allows you to automate the execution of assigned tasks and carry out flights on international routes without restrictions, in accordance with existing ICAO requirements;
• New digital programmable communication complex provides:
  • organizing and maintaining automatic telephone radio communications with guaranteed quality;
  • automatic data exchange with aircraft and ground control points.
• Upgraded chassis And brake system:
  • the landing gear supports were strengthened for a weight of 210,000 kg and the fastenings of the main landing gear to the fuselage were modified to increase
    rigidity and reduction of lateral overloads during shaking;
  • New wheels with increased energy capacity brakes KT-199 are used on the main supports.
• New fuel system provides;
  • efficient, more complete fuel production,
  • increases flight safety by introducing an emergency fuel drain mode in emergency situations,
• Modernized power supply system provides an increase:
  • total power supply capacity per 40%;
• Hydraulic system: upgraded to connect to a digital common aircraft objective control system.
• New digital autopilot SAU-76- provides the currently required precision aircraft navigation in automatic mode and allows for landing approaches according to ICAO category II.
• New control system for mechanization drives- allows you to implement the functions of management, protection and control of the system, information exchange with aircraft systems and reduce the weight of the system.
• New auxiliary power unit based on the serial VGTD TA-12A:
  • made it possible to increase the launch altitude to 7000 meters (1.5 times):
  • continuous operation time increased 5 times;
  • fuel consumption has decreased.
• New flight information recording system:
  • made on a modern element base;
  • ability to record digital signals;
  • Solid-state drives have increased the reliability of the system and the volume of recorded information.
• Sighting and navigation aerobatic complex:
  • a high-performance dual control computer system that provides solutions to aircraft navigation and landing problems;
  • implementation of a comprehensive electronic indication and signaling system;
  • computing productivity has increased;
  • the capacity of information exchange channels ensures compliance with modern requirements;
  • unification of computing facilities;
  • increasing accuracy in the main modes of navigation and aircraft navigation;
  • automatic data exchange modes have been introduced via communication channels,
  • which reduced the workload on the crew.

OS new aircraft performance characteristics Il-76MD-90A

Volga-Dnepr Airlines has 10 years of experience in operating the previous modification of the Il-76 aircraft - Il-76TD-90VD. The first aircraft entered service in June 2006. Currently it has 9580 operating hours, 2380 landings. The fifth aircraft entered service in April 2012 and today has 3,420 operating hours. 790 landings. The operating time of the fleet of five Il-76TD-90VD aircraft was 31,200 hours, 7,520 flights, the average flight time per landing was 4.2 hours.

Installed aircraft resources and service life: 25,000 hours, 8,000 landings, 25 years. The aircraft are operated using maintenance-free technology and, unlike the Il-76TD aircraft; have no restrictions on flight geography. The airline's aircraft today fly to countries in Western Europe, North and South America, including the USA, Japan and Antarctica. Airplanes deliver cargo both by landing and by parachute landing.

At the same time, based on the experience of operating IL~76TD-90VD aircraft, the airline expresses a number of wishes to improve the design of the aircraft and its operation:

• it is necessary to increase the volume of the cargo compartment, creating in the future a further modification of the Il-76TF-90A aircraft;
• reduce the flight crew to three people
• provide the aircraft with a more convenient toilet and wardrobe module;
• To reduce the weight of the aircraft airframe, dismantle the right entrance door, the emergency escape shaft and the emergency hatch
• constantly modernize flight navigation equipment in order to comply with the international requirements of the CNSATM concept,
• improve after-sales service and increase the periodic maintenance of the aircraft.

Comparison of performance characteristics of the Il-76TD and Il-76TD-90A aircraft

Flight range with fuel reserve,

With maximum load

With a load of 52 t

With a load of 40 t

Without load

Load - practical range

Technical and economic indicators

Flight and navigation complex

The main tasks of the PNC:

Automatic, directional and manual aircraft navigation with compliance with current and future standards of longitudinal, lateral and vertical separation when flying along Russian routes, international routes and off-routes in any physical and geographical conditions, at any time of day and year, at all stages of flight;

Flights are carried out in accordance with the standards RNAV10 (RNP10), RNAV5, RNAV2, RNAV1, RNP4, RNP2, PBN, VNAV."

Automated input and storage of at least two global aeronautical databases (ANDB) in ARINC 424 format, a magnetic declination database, user databases of routes and navigation points (NT).

Automation of solving aircraft navigation problems at all stages of flight along a programmed trajectory;

Automated ground pre-flight control of the complex’s performance, identification of a faulty structural replacement unit and communication lines.

Navigation, including vertical on domestic and international air routes in accordance with the current ICAO requirements for automatic, director and manual flight control:

when flying along programmed routes;

when maneuvering in the airfield area (SID, STAR; HOLD, APPR).

The PS-90A-76 engine was certified in 2003 - an addition to the PS-90A type certificate, and has a modular design. Thrust is 14,500 kgf, with the possibility of increasing to 16,000 kgf, and for the D30-KP engine - 12,000 kgf. The PS-90A-76 engine complies with ICAO noise and emissions requirements. There are no fixed resources set for the PS-90A-76 engine. The assigned resources of the main parts of the “cold” part are 5,000 ... 48,000 cycles; “hot” part - 3,600 ... 10,000 cycles. Auxiliary power unit TA-12A - service life between overhauls - 10 years, service life between overhauls - 1000 hours, 1500 starts.

The Il-76TD-90A aircraft can be operated depending on its technical condition. Designated service life - 40 years, resource - 30,000 l/hour, 10,000 flights. The aircraft's power plant is operated according to its technical condition. Serial production of aircraft is envisaged in broad cooperation at the factories of PJSC OAK with final assembly at CJSC Aviastar-SP.

The company began production of the Il-76MD-90A aircraft in 2008. The first flight of the first Il-76MD-90A aircraft was carried out on September 22, 2012. By May 2016, four Il-76MD-90A aircraft were produced, three of which were built under a contract with the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.

The completion of the supplement to the certificate for the Il-76TD-90A aircraft is planned for the second quarter of 2017. Taking into account the production cycle, the possible start date for deliveries of the first Il-76TD-90A aircraft into operation is 2019.

TASS-DOSSIER /Valery Korneev/. 45 years ago, March 25, 1971, from the Central Airfield named after. M.V. Frunze on Khodynka Field in Moscow (closed in 2003) the Il-76 military transport aircraft took off for the first time.

IL-76- Soviet, later - Russian heavy turbojet transport aircraft for military and civil aviation, one of the main transport aircraft of the USSR Air Force and the Aerospace Forces (VKS) of the Russian Federation.

Developed in the late 1960s. in the experimental design bureau of the Moscow machine-building plant "Strela" (now - OJSC "Aviation Complex named after S.V. Ilyushin", Moscow) under the leadership of designer Genrikh Novozhilov.

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Designed for transportation of various types of cargo, troops, weapons, military equipment (including tanks) with crews; delivery of urgent cargo to troops; for airborne landings, as well as for transporting the wounded. On its first flight on March 25, 1971, the aircraft was piloted by Honored Test Pilot of the USSR, Hero of the Soviet Union Eduard Kuznetsov.

The aircraft entered service in 1974, operation of the civilian version in the USSR began in 1977.

In 1971-2012 the aircraft was serially built at the Tashkent Aviation Production Association named after. V.P. Chkalov (TAPOiCh, now Tashkent Mechanical Plant, Uzbekistan), in 2012 production was transferred to the Russian enterprise Aviastar-SP (Ulyanovsk).

According to open sources, in total in 1971-2015. 948 units of Il-76 of various modifications were produced.

Design

The IL-76 is built according to the aerodynamic design of a single-fuselage high-wing aircraft with a single-fin T-shaped tail, a five-leg retractable multi-wheel landing gear, with four turbojet engines suspended under the swept wing (D-30KP produced by plant number 36, now NPO Saturn, Rybinsk, Yaroslavl region. ; or PS-90A-76 manufactured by UEC-Perm Motors JSC). The aft cargo hatch is three-leaf. The aircraft can also be based on unpaved airfields of limited size.

Flight performance (for basic version)

• Take-off weight: 104 t (aircraft equipped), 170 t (maximum);
• wingspan - 50 m;
• length - 46.6 m;
• height - 14.7 m;
• crew - 6-7 people;
• carrying capacity - up to 47 tons. Il-76 can transport up to 140 soldiers or 128 paratroopers;
• cargo compartment volume - from 321 sq. m. to 400 sq. m. m, depending on modification;
• practical range - 4 thousand 200 km (with a load of 40 tons);
• cruising speed - 770-800 km/h;
• armament (some modifications) - two 23 mm aircraft cannons in the rear.

Modifications

Several dozen modifications have been developed based on the Il-76, including:

• A-50 (first flight 1978), airborne early warning (AWACS) aircraft;
• A-60 (1981), a flying laboratory - a carrier of laser weapons;
• Il-76MD (1981), with D-30KP engines of the second series, increased fuel tank capacity, reinforced wing and cargo compartment floor, improved instruments;
• Il-76LL (1991), a flying laboratory for testing advanced engines;
• Il-76KT (1981), an aircraft for practicing weightlessness during cosmonaut training;
• Il-78 (1983), tanker for Long-Range Aviation;
• Il-82/Il-76SK/Il-76VKP (1987), air command post for strategic nuclear forces control;
• Il-76TD-90A (2012), version with PS-90A-76 engines for civil aviation;
• Il-76MD-90A (2012), deep modernization, new-built aircraft;
• Il-76MD-M (2016), a project to modernize combat aircraft to the level of Il-76MD-90A equipment. According to media reports, the Russian Ministry of Defense plans to modernize 41 combat IL-76MD in this way;
• Il-78M-90A, modernized tanker aircraft.

Operators

The Il-76 was operated at various times by the air force and dozens of transport airlines in more than 40 countries, as well as the United Nations.

Currently, the largest operator of aircraft of this type is the Russian Ministry of Defense; the Il-76 is the main military transport aircraft of the Russian Aerospace Forces. Along with the “unnamed” aircraft, the VKS operates four registered Il-76MD (Orenburg, Tver, Taganrog and Georgy Pakilev) and one registered Il-76MD-90A (Viktor Livanov).

Disasters

According to open sources, during the operation of the Il-76, about 75 aircraft of this type were lost (of which over 20 were lost as a result of combat operations). In peacetime, 37 Il-76 crashes killed at least 721 people on board and another 29 people on the ground.