Direct speech is written with a capital letter. Direct speech

Punctuation marks in direct speech. In all cases, direct speech stands out quotation marks. In addition, there are also signs that depend on the location of direct speech in the sentence.

1. If the author's words stand before direct speech, then after them is put colon, and the first word of direct speech is written with a capital letter.
Kazbich interrupted him impatiently: "Go away, you crazy boy!" (M. Lermontov)

A: "P".

2. If direct speech stands before the words of the author, then after it is put comma and dash; if a direct speech contains a question or an exclamation, then a question or exclamation mark and a dash are put after it. The author's words in all cases begin with a small letter.
“This is my father’s horse,” Bela said. "Is it possible to see the manor house?" - asked Tanya .

"P" - a. "NS?" - a.

3.1 ... If there should have been no sign at the place of the break in direct speech or there should have been a comma, semicolon, colon or dash, then the author's words on both sides are separated by commas and dashes. The author's words and the first word of the second part of direct speech are written with a small letter.
“I told you,” exclaimed Maksim Maksimych, “that there will be weather today.” (Without the words of the author it would be: "I told you that the weather will come today.")

"P, - a, - p".

3.2. If there should have been a full stop at the place of the break in direct speech, then after the direct speech, a comma and a dash are placed in front of the author's words, and after the words of the author - a full stop and a dash. The second part of direct speech begins with a capital letter.
“There are ships on the pier,” I thought. - Tomorrow I will go to Gelendzhik. (Without the words of the author it would be: "There are ships on the pier. Tomorrow I will go to Gelendzhik").

“P, - a. - NS".

3.3 If a question mark or an exclamation mark should have been at the place of a break in direct speech, then this mark and a dash should be placed in front of the author's words, and a full stop and a dash after the author's words. The second part of direct speech begins with a capital letter.
“Why at six? - Pavel asked. - After all, they are replaced at seven " (Without the words of the author it would be: "Why at six? After all, they are replaced at seven.") “Well, good, good! - Valya laughed. - I will not tell anyone" ... (Without the words of the author it would be: "Well, good, good! I won't tell anyone.")

"NS? - a. - NS". "NS! - a. - NS".

"P, - a: - P". "NS? - a: - P? "

4. During transmission dialogue the speech of each person is taken in quotation marks, separated from the speech of others by a dash. Two minutes later we caught up with the man.
“He is gay, kind person! the driver shouted to him. "Tell me, do you know where the road is?" - "The road is here, I'm standing on a solid lane," answered the roadman, "what's the use?" “Listen, little man,” I said to him, “do you know this side? Will you take me to bed? - "The side is familiar to me", - answered the road ...

5. Very often in print, the words of each person in dialogue start on a new line, and then a dash is placed in front of them. In this case, quotation marks are not used.

— Let me go on a visit today, ”Nastya once said, dressing the young lady.
- If you please, where?
- In Tugilovo, to the Berestovs.

Scheme

table

Direct speech, that is, the speech of another person included in the author's text and reproduced verbatim is formalized in two ways.

If direct speech is in a string (in a selection), then it is enclosed in quotes: « I wish I knew your father She said after a while. -He must have been very kind, very serious, very fond of you ". Luzhin said nothing(Nab.).

If direct speech begins with a paragraph, then a dash is placed in front of it (there are no quotes):

Fedya and Kuzma were silent. Kuzma imperceptibly winked at Fedya, they went out into the street.

– This is what I came for: Did the Lyubavins come from the mow?

– Have arrived.

– Take Yasha and wait for me here. I'll drop by home for a minute(Shuksh.).

Both methods of formalizing direct speech can be combined if the direct speech of another person is also included in the speech of one person:

– Did I say so?

– Oh, dreadful fool!(Bond.).

– Have you seen a dream?

– Vidal. As if my father and I went to trade a horse, we both liked one horse, my father blinks at me: “Jump and Ride » (Shuksh.).

§134

If direct speech is front introducing it in the words of the author, then a comma and a dash are placed after direct speech, and the author's words begin with a lowercase letter: “We understand everything perfectly well, Nikolai Vasilyevich,” Solodovnikov quipped to himself, sitting down on a white stool.(Shuksh.). If after direct speech there is a question mark, exclamation mark or ellipsis, then these signs are preserved, and the comma is not put; the author's words, as in the first case, begin with a lowercase letter: "Yes, it was necessary to say goodbye! .." - he realized when the covered car was already climbing up the lift(Shuksh.); "My blue-eyed guardian angel, why are you looking at me with such sad anxiety?" - wanted to ironically say Krymov(Bond.).

If direct speech is after the words of the author, then these words end with a colon; punctuation marks after direct speech are preserved: I I say to him: "Don't cry, Yegor, don't"(Disp.); Philip mechanically drove the steering oar and kept thinking: "Maryushka, Marya ..."(Shuksh.); I wanted to get to the “office” as soon as possible, to pick up the phone as soon as possible, to hear the familiar Dolin voice as soon as possible: “Is that you? Wow, eh? "(Sol.).

§135

1. If at the site of the gap turns out exclamation or question mark, then it is saved, followed by a dash in front of the author's words (with lowercase letters), these words are followed by a full stop and a dash; the second part of direct speech begins with a capital letter: “Am I now giving happiness to many people, as it was before? Thought Kiprensky. "Are only fools trying to arrange the well-being of their lives?"(Paust.); “Yes, be quiet! - ordered the duty officer. - Can you shut up ?!(Shuksh.).

2. If at the site of the gap direct speech should be ellipsis, then it is saved and a dash is placed after it; after the author's words, a comma and a dash are placed if the second part of direct speech is not an independent sentence, or a dot and a dash if the second part of direct speech is an independent sentence; the second part of direct speech, respectively, begins with a lowercase or uppercase letter: "Probably, the mistress has a seizure ..." Mashenka thought, "or she had a fight with her husband ..."(H); "Wait ..." Lyonka shouted, releasing his flaxen hair from his grandfather's gnarled, trembling fingers, getting a little more animated. - As you say? Dust?"(M.G.)

3. If at the site of the gap direct speech should not have any punctuation mark or there should be mid-sentence marks: comma, semicolon, colon, dash, then the author's words are highlighted with a comma and a dash; the second part of direct speech begins with a lowercase letter: "You cannot understand," I whisper, calling Ruslan to the next room and shutting the door, "because we are different creatures."(Trif.); “So, I let it down a little, from one side, - Asya giggled in a young way, wrinkles run across her face, - like a stale apple”(Trif.); “Suddenly you sow,” thought Semyon, “and ordinary barley grows. Most likely it will turn out that way "(Sol.); "Yes, something is biting badly," Mist said, "it hurts hotly."(T.); "But how will you play," Darwin said in response to his thoughts, "this is, of course, a question."(Nab.).

4. If at the site of the gap direct speech should be point, then a comma and a dash are placed before the words of the author, after these words - a full stop and a dash; the second part of direct speech begins with a capital letter: "They were dismissed before the verdict," said the Janitor. - Announced tomorrow, at nine in the evening. "(Triph.).

5. If the words of the author break apart within the meaning of in two parts, which refer to different parts of direct speech, then, if other conditions are met, a colon and a dash are placed after the author's words: "Ehma ... - hopelesssighed Gavrila in response to a harsh orderand bitterlyadded : - My lost fate! "(M.G.); “Don't touch the uniform! -ordered Lermontovand added , not at all angry, but even with some curiosity: "Will you listen to me or not?"(Paust.); “Have you ever smelled copper on your hands? -asked unexpectedly engraver and, without waiting for an answer, winced andcontinued : - Poisonous, disgusting "(Paust.).

§136

If direct speech turns out inside the words of the author, then it is enclosed in quotation marks and preceded by a colon; direct speech begins with a capital letter. After direct speech, punctuation marks are placed as follows:

a) a comma is put if it was necessary at the place of the break of the author's introductory words: Saying, "See you soon," she quickly left the room. ;

b) a dash is placed in the absence of a punctuation mark at the place of the break of the author's introductory words: Overcoming the awkwardness, he muttered a student acuteness: "My grandmother got measles" - and wanted to give the conversation that he had begun with an easy lightness(Bond.);

v) a dash is placed if direct speech ends with an ellipsis, question mark or exclamation mark: The children expected him to praise them, but grandfather shook his head and said: "This stone has been here for many years, this is where it belongs ..." - and told about the feat of three Soviet intelligence officers(Dry.); Pyotr Mihalich wanted to say: "Do not get involved, please, not in your own business!" - but kept silent(H); She[dog] stops. I repeat: "What is said?" - and keep it on the counter for a long time(Prishv.);

G) if direct speech is directly included in the author's proposal as a member, then it is enclosed in quotation marks, while punctuation marks are placed according to the terms of the author's proposal: Having told Grichmar the phrase "There is no easy life, there is only an easy death", Krymov caught Stishov's restless, warning look(Bond.).

§137

If direct speech belongs to different persons, then each replica is highlighted in quotes separately:

a) replicas are separated from each other by a dash: "Is the samovar ready?" - "Not yet ..." - "Why? Someone has come there. " - "Avdotya Gavrilovna"(M.G.);

b) if one of the replicas is accompanied by introducing author's words, then the next one is not separated by a dash: "Are you a widow?" He asked quietly. "Third year". - "Have you been married for a long time?" - "A year and five months ..."(M.G.);

v) a dot and a dash are placed between replicas belonging to different persons and equipped with different author's words: Passing by, he said, "Don't forget to buy your tickets." - "I will try" - I replied; if in the first remark there are exclamation or question marks, the period is omitted: Passing by, he shouted: "Cheer up!" - "I'll try" - I replied ;

G) a comma and a dash are placed between replicas belonging to different persons, but united by a common author's proposal: When the bailiff said: “It would be nice, sir, to do this and that,” “Yes, not bad,” he usually answered(G.); if in the first remark there are exclamation or question marks, the comma is omitted: When I asked, "Why are you wearing a carpet on your back?" “I'm cold,” he replied.; the same with a different arrangement of parts of the author's proposal: When I asked, "Why are you wearing a carpet on your back?" - he replied: "I'm cold"(Current.).

§138

At paragraph highlighting dialogue lines before the replica is put dash; after the author's words preceding the dialogue, a colon or period is put. If the author's text contains words that introduce direct speech, then a colon is placed after them; if there are no such words, then a full stop is put:

Carmen took her hand away; the unfinished bar died away with a questioning ring.

– I'll finish it, ”she said.

– When?

– When you will be with me(Green).

The telegraph operator, a stern dry woman, after reading the telegram,suggested :

– Make up differently. You are an adult, not in a kindergarten.

– Why? - asked the Chudik. - I always write to her in letters. This is my wife! .. You probably thought ...

– You can write whatever you want in letters, and a telegram is a type of communication. This is plain text.

Chudik rewrote(Shuksh.).

The same with a single replica:

Shatsky walked across the room.

– Stuffiness, stuffiness! He muttered. - Evenings here cause asthma(Paust.).

His eyes are down on the plate. Then he raised them to Nadya, ordinary blue eyes, smiled and said quietly:

– Excuse me. This is my fault. It's childish on my part(Sol.).

§139

Paragraph and non-paragraph (using quotation marks) selection of direct speech is applied differentially. If the text alternates between external speech (addressed to the interlocutor) and internal (I thought to myself), then external speech is made out using paragraph highlighting, and internal speech using quotation marks:

– Hmmm. Well, you're right. Business cannot be changed for idleness. Go ahead and draw your triangles.

Nadya looked imploringly into Ivan's eyes. “Well, what's wrong with that, -wanted to tell her ... - There will be a new evening tomorrow, you can go to the White Mountains. And the day after tomorrow. But it's not my fault if I promised two weeks ago. "(Sol.).

And after my words, he smiled from ear to ear (his mouth is like that, just from ear to ear) and happily agreed:

– Okay, then let's go.

"Here I will show you" let's go "", -I thought to myself (Sol.).

The inner ( thought to myself) speech in the author's text, outside the dialogue:

Kuzma looked where they indicated. There, on the slope of another slope, the mowers walked in a chain. Behind them, the mowed grass remained in straight lines - beautiful. "One of them is Marya" -thought Kuzma calmly (Shuksh.); Kuzma looked at her with joy. "What was I, fool, looking for yet?" -he thought (Shuksh.).

Punctuation marks for quotations

§140

Quotes conclude in quotes and are made out with punctuation marks in the same way as direct speech (see § 133-136):

a) Marcus Aurelius said: "Pain is a living idea of ​​pain: make an effort of will to change this idea, throw it away, stop complaining, and the pain will disappear."(H); Remember the words of Leo Tolstoy more often: "A person has only responsibilities!"; M. Aliger has lines: “A person needs very little for happiness to grow to its full height”; LN Tolstoy has an interesting comparison: “Just as an eye has an eyelid, so a fool has self-confidence to protect himself from the possibility of defeat of his vanity. And both, the more they take care of themselves, the less they see - they close their eyes " ;

b) “Whoever shoots at the past with a pistol, the future will shoot at that one,” wrote R. Gamzatov; "He is not a writer who has not added at least a little vigilance to a person's vision," said K. Paustovsky ;

v) “To create something,” wrote Goethe, “you have to be something”; "If on Nikola (December 19), - said in the book, - the day is cold and clear - by the grain-growing year"(Sol.);

G) Pascal's statement: “Whoever knows how to suggest that he is not very cunning is far from simple” - sounds aphoristic; Picasso's words: "Art is an emanation of pain and sorrow" - have a deep meaning .

§141

If the quotation is not given in full, then the gap is indicated ellipsis(at the beginning of a quote, in the middle or at the end):

a) “… If good has a reason, it is no longer good; if good has a consequence, then it is no longer good. Good is beyond effects and causes ”, - wrote L. N. Tolstoy in his diaries; "... The poem grows into my memories, which at least once a year (often in December) require me to do something with them," notes A. Akhmatova in "Prose about the Poem" ;

b) "The biography of the heroine ... is recorded in one of my notebooks," writes A. Akhmatov in one of his letters from Komarov ;

v) “Goethe says somewhere that nothing significant can be created in a foreign language, but I have always believed that this is wrong ...” - wrote M. Tsvetaeva in 1926 to Rilke .

§142

If the quote precedes the author's text, then after the ellipsis, the word is written with capital letter; if the quote comes after the author's words, then after the ellipsis it is used lowercase letter : "... Olesha's books fully express his being, whether it be Envy, or Three Fat Men, or polished little stories," V. Lidin wrote; V. Lidin wrote: "... Olesha's books fully express his essence, be it" Envy ", or" Three Fat Men ", or polished little stories" .

§143

The quote included in the author's proposal as a component is highlighted quotation marks(but begins with a lowercase letter), punctuation marks are used only those that are dictated by the author's sentence itself: Leo Tolstoy's thought "time is the relation of the movement of his life to the movement of other beings", expressed in his diaries, has a philosophical content .

If the quote is not an independent sentence and ends with an ellipsis, then after the closing quotation marks, a period is placed referring to the entire sentence as a whole: Iskander remarked that "wisdom is a mind infused with conscience ..."... Wed: Academician IP Pavlov wrote that “an idea without development is dead; stereotype in scientific thought - death; lordship is the most dangerous poison " . – Academician IP Pavlov wrote that “an idea without development is dead; stereotype in scientific thought - death ... " . – Academician IP Pavlov wrote: “An idea without development is dead; stereotype in scientific thought - death ... "(In the first and second cases, the period after the closing quotation marks refers to the entire sentence; in the third, the quotation is framed as an independent sentence with its own final sign (ellipsis), so there is no period after the closing quotation mark.)

§144

When abbreviating a quotation that already has ellipsis that perform certain functions inherent to them, the ellipsis supplied by the author citing the text indicating the abbreviation of the quotation is enclosed in angle brackets: In Leo Tolstoy's diary we read: “She cannot renounce her feelings<…>... For her, like all women, feeling prevails, and any change occurs, perhaps, independently of reason, in feeling ... Maybe Tanya is right that this will gradually pass by itself.<…>» .

§145

If there is already a quotation in the quoted text, then they use quotation marks of various forms - "paws" ( „“ ) and "Christmas trees" ( «» ). "Legs" (or "paws") - an internal sign; "Herringbones" - external. For example: ““ Respect for the past is the trait that distinguishes education from savagery, ”Pushkin once said. Near this line we seem to have stopped now, realizing that we must not step back, and not daring, but still getting ready and preparing to move forward, to genuine respect. "(Schedule).

§146

If it is necessary to highlight the citing individual words of the quotation, this selection is specified in brackets: ( emphasized by us. - N.V.); (our italics. - N.V.); (our detente. - Ed.). For example: “Anyone who wants to study a person in history must be able to analyze historical (highlighted by us. - N.V.) emotions"(Yu. Lotman).

If the citing person inserts his own explanatory text into the quote or opens an abbreviated word, then this explanation is enclosed in square or angle brackets: “Thanks for admiring Moore[son of M. Tsvetaeva] ... "- wrote M. Tsvetaeva to B. Pasternak in 1927; “I've probably read the stairs! NS[because] h[then] Leia read. Get it from her, correct the typos, ”writes M. Tsvetaeva to B. Pasternak in 1927.

§147

References to the author and source of citation are enclosed in brackets; a period ending a quote is placed after the closing parenthesis. For example: "Thinking pedagogically broadly means being able to see an educational meaning in any social phenomenon" (Azarov Y. Learn to teach // New world. 1987. No. 4. P. 242).

If a quote ends with a question mark, exclamation mark, or ellipsis, then these marks retain their place (they stand before the closing quote). When listing examples, the period after the closing parenthesis is replaced with a semicolon: "How mysterious you are, thunderstorm!" (I. Bunin. It smells of fields ...); “Don't leave your beloved. There are no past lovers in the world ... " (A. Voznesensky. Poems. M., 2001.S. 5).

If an indication of the author or the cited source is placed below the quotation, in particular with epigraphs, then the brackets are removed, as well as quotation marks for the quotation, and at the end of the quotation a sign corresponding to the given sentence is put. For example:

White rose with black toad

I wanted to marry on earth.

S. Yesenin

You don't love me, you love mine!

F. Dostoevsky

... Why so often

I'm sorry for the whole world and I'm sorry for the person?

N. Zabolotsky

Painting teaches to look and see ...

A. Blok

Highlighting quotes and "foreign" words

§148

Quotation marks quotations (someone else's speech) are highlighted, included in the author's text, including in direct speech (see § 140-145).

Without quotes verse quotations are drawn up if they are cited with the preservation of the author's stanza. The position in the text takes over the excretory function:

The twelfth - the last and short - chapter of the book begins. The twelfth hour of Alexander Blok's short life strikes.

Only in the terrible morning fog

the clock strikes for the last time ...

…The year one thousand nine hundred and twentieth has come, the fourth year of the new, October era(Eagle.).

Not quoted and direct speech when transmitting a dialogue using paragraph articulation (see § 138), since the position in the text assumes the excretory function.

§149

The quotation marks are highlighted other people's words included in the author's text when their belonging to another person is indicated: This happened in the spring of 1901, which Blok called"Extremely important" (Eagle.); Pasternak writes: "... in my particular case, life passed into artistic implementation, as it was born from fate and experience." But what is"Fate and experience" v"A separate case" Pasternak? This again"Artistic implementation" , with whom meetings, correspondence, conversations were associated - with Mayakovsky, Tsvetaeva, Aseev, Paolo Yashvili, Titian Tabidze(Dashing.); Jordan loved Kiprensky and called him"Kindly soul" (Paust.); Pasternak's fight for"Unheard of simplicity" poetic language was a struggle not for its comprehensibility, but for its primordiality, originality - the absence of poetic secondary, primitive tradition ...(Dashing.).

Highlighting Unusually Used Words with Quotes

§150

Quotation marks words that are alien to the vocabulary of the writer stand out: words used in an unusual (special, professional) meaning, words belonging to a special, often narrow circle of communicators: I jabbed the paddle, kid"Gave var" (Prishv.); The grass did not fade for a long time. Only a blue haze (her name in the people"Mga" ) tightened reaches on the Oka River and distant forests."Mga" it thickened, then turned pale(Paust.); Sasha lives"On the bread" in a bourgeois house(Boon.); A solution of calcium sulfate salts from gypsum can go into the microscopic pores of the ceramic and giveEfflorescence on the surface of the work there are whitish spots under the glaze. Only ceramics would ideally take root on ceramics. Such"Implant" would age in sync with the original(journal).

§151

Quotation marks foreign-style words are highlighted, the ironic meaning of the word is emphasized, an indication is given of the double meaning of the word or the meaning known only to the person to whom the words are addressed: ... Many pages of the English classic novel"Break" from the wealth of the material world and sparkle with this wealth(M. Urnov) (foreign style word in a scientific text); ... The riddle of this mysterious acquisition, a generous gift for"services" , serves as an example of ambiguous interpretations(M. Urnov) (ironic meaning of the word); As long as it's a secret, don't say anything"there" known to you"Person" (H) ( there, especially- the meaning of words is known only to the addressee); I began to take exams ... when"Decent persons" they were not kept(Eagle.) (An indication of the special, secret meaning of the word); ... And if not for this thesis, it is still unknown what the departmental"Bewilderment" (Hall.) (Ironically condemning use of the word); And so every day from"Dawn" before"Dawn" ... A"Dawn" - this is a special article used by the guard in the guardhouse in the morning and in the evening(Gil.) (Double meaning - conventional and conventional).

§152

Quotation marks words are highlighted that are used in a special, often conventional meaning: After all, the zero cycle -"Dustless" cycle, it does not require numerous subcontractors and suppliers(Hall.).

§153

Quotes emphasize the purely grammatical unusual use of words, for example, when parts of speech or whole phrases are used as members of a sentence that are not intended to express these functions: "Want?" , "let it be you" sounded in my ears and produced some kind of intoxication; I saw nothing and no one except Sonechka(L. T.); From his affable"I was waiting for you" she cheered up(B.P.).

When transmitted by letter, it requires special punctuation. It depends on the position of direct speech and the words of the author relative to each other.
The following cases are possible:

“It's good that you came in,” said the neighbor.
"I'm so glad to see you!" - said the neighbor.
"Will you come in tomorrow?" - asked the neighbor.

The neighbor said: "It's good that you came in."
The neighbor said: "How glad I am to see you!"
The neighbor asked: "Will you come back tomorrow?"

Schemes:
r.a .: "P. r."
r.a .: "P.R.!"
r.a .: "P. r.?"

“It's good,” said the neighbor, “that you came in.”
“Olenka! - said the neighbor. - I'm so glad to see you!"
"Olenka, - asked the neighbor, - will you come in tomorrow?"

Schemes:
"P.R., - R.A., - P.R."
"NS.! - r.a. - NS.!"
"P.R., - R.A., - P.R.?"

Note:

If the first part of direct speech ends with a dot, question mark or exclamation mark, then the second part of direct speech begins with a capital (capital) letter.
If the first part of direct speech ends in a comma, semicolon, dash, colon, ellipsis, i.e. if the sentence is incomplete, then the second part begins with a lowercase (small) letter.

For example:
“Paris is the capital of France,” he corrected his younger sister. "Not Italy."

"Paris," he corrected his younger sister, "is the capital of France, not Italy."

He immediately corrected his younger sister: "Paris is the capital of France, not Italy" - and left the room so as not to interfere with the girls' communication.

Saying: "Goodbye!", He left the room, so as not to interfere with the girls to communicate.

§2. Punctuation of dialogue

Dialogues and polylogies (conversation of several persons) in fiction, journalism, or rather, in print media are formatted without the use of quotation marks.

At the beginning of the dialogue replicas, a dash is put, for example:

“The crowd was noisy, everyone was talking loudly, shouting, scolding, but nothing really could be made out. The doctor approached a young woman holding a fat gray cat in her arms and asked:

Would you please explain what is happening here? Why are there so many people, what is the reason for their excitement, and why are the city gates closed?
- Guardsmen do not let people out of the city ...
- Why aren't they released?
- So that they do not help those who have already left the city ...
The woman dropped the fat cat. The cat flopped like raw dough. The crowd roared. "

(Yu. Olesha, Three Fat Men)

Individual replicas can also be styled with a dash:

“When he came to, it was already evening. The doctor looked around:
- What a shame! The glasses, of course, were broken. When I look without glasses, I can probably see the way a non-myopic person does when wearing glasses. This is very unpleasant. "

(Yu. Olesha, Three Fat Men)

Note:

If direct speech is combined with the speech of the author, then different punctuation schemes can be used. Punctuation will differ depending on the relationship between direct speech and the speech of the author. But quotes are not needed. Direct speech is separated by a dash.

1) R.a .: - P.r. For example:

Then he grumbled about the broken heels:
“I’m not big anyway, but now I’m going to be one inch shorter. Or maybe two inches because two heels broke off? No, of course, only one inch ... (Yu. Olesha, Three Fat Men)

2) - P.R., - R.A. For example:

- Help! - shouted the seller, hoping for nothing and kicking his legs (Yu. Olesha, Three Fat Men).

3) R.a .: - P.R.! - r.a. For example:

And suddenly a guardsman with a broken nose said:
- Stop! - and raised the torch high (Yu. Olesha, Three Fat Men).

4) -P.r., - R.A. - NS. For example:

- Stop screaming! - he got angry. - How can you shout so loud! (Yu. Olesha, Three Fat Men)

That is, the logic of the design of direct speech and the speech of the author is preserved, but quotes are not used. Instead of them, a dash is always put at the beginning of direct speech.

In contact with

Direct speech, including internal speech, is highlighted in quotes.
The words of the author can stand before direct speech, after it, break direct speech.

1. If the author's words come before direct speech, then a colon and opening quotation marks are placed after them. Depending on the type of sentence for the purpose of the statement and emotional coloring, at the end of direct speech, a period is put (in front of it - closing quotation marks), a question or exclamation mark, in case of interruption or understatement, an ellipsis (after them - closing quotation marks).

Example:

They heard the woodpecker hollows, and they say: "How much harm the woodpecker brings to the tree!" And we had our own learned man, a doctor, a good man, found that tree and asked: "Why is this tree drying up?" They answer: "The worm sharpens." (M. Prishvin)

Question marks, exclamation marks, and ellipsis are placed before quotation marks, and a period after quotation marks.
Schemes: A: "P!" A: "P?" A: "P ..." A: "P".

2. If direct speech begins with a paragraph, then, as a rule, a dash is put instead of quotation marks.

Example:

I went up to him and said slowly and distinctly:
- I am very sorry that I ascended after you have already given your word of honor in confirmation of the most disgusting slander (M. Lermontov)

3. If the author's words are after direct speech, enclosed in quotation marks, to the author's words, put a dash, the words of the author begins with a lowercase letter. At the end of direct speech, in front of quotation marks, depending on the nature of the sentence, interrogative, exclamation marks or ellipsis are placed; if the sentence is a non-exclamatory declarative, then a comma is placed after the quotation marks.

Example:

"We have to live by the law of nature and of truth", - said from behind the door, Ms. Dergacheva (Dostoyevsky);

"How old can you be?" - asked Balunsky, looking at the river. (A. Kuprin)

Schemes: "P" - a. "NS?" - a.

a) if there should be no punctuation mark at the place of the break in direct speech or there should be a comma, semicolon, colon, dash, then the author's words on both sides are highlighted with commas and dashes, and the second part of direct speech is written with a lowercase letter.

Example:

“However,” I say, “there are three or four big gentlemen left per district.” (I. Bunin)

Scheme: "P, - a, - p".

b) if there should be a dot at the place of a break in direct speech, then a comma and a dash are placed in front of the author's words, and a dot and a dash after the author's words; the second part of direct speech begins with a capital letter.

Example:

“We must serve,” he answered with conviction. "And a double salary for our brother, a poor man, means a lot." (L. Tolstoy)

Scheme: "P, - a. - NS".

c) if a question mark, exclamation mark or ellipsis should be at the place of a break in direct speech, then these marks are preserved, a dash is put after them, the author's words begin with a lowercase letter, after them a dot and a dash are put; the second part of direct speech begins with a capital letter.

Example:

“How they call! he said, rejoicing. - Just listen to what is being done! All over the Desna. " (E. Nosov)

Scheme: “P! - a. - NS".

5. If in the author's words inside direct speech there are two verbs with the meaning of an utterance and the first part of direct speech refers to one verb, and the second to another, then a colon and a dash are placed after the author's words; the second part of direct speech begins with a capital letter.

§ 47.1

Direct speech stands out quotes, if it goes in line(in selection): Vladimir Sergeevich ... looked at his man in bewilderment and said in a hurried whisper: "Go find out who it is"(T.).

If direct speech begins from the paragraph, then before starting it is put dash:

... Nikita, bowing to the ground, said:

- I'm sorry, father(M.G.).

§ 47.2

Regardless of the place occupied in relation to the author's words, quotation marks inner speech, unspoken thoughts stand out: I look after him and think: "Why do such people live?"(M.G.); "There is something pathetic in her after all," - I thought(Ch.).

§ 47.3

Quotation marks the sounds transmitted in the letter (for example, echo) are highlighted: "Hey, where you?" the echo repeated loudly; The announcer's voice sounded distinctly: "We are broadcasting the latest news."

To transfer a conversation on the phone in writing, punctuation, more common for the design of a dialogue, is used - dash between replicas (see § 51).

§ 47.4

In newspaper texts, quotation marks are often omitted in direct speech: The French President said: The exchange was helpful; Why is this happening?- asks the newspaper.

§ 47.5

Before direct speech following the author's words, a colon is placed, and the first word of direct speech is written with uppercase letters. Question and exclamation marks, and ellipsis are placed before the closing quotation marks, and point- after them. For example: Finally I said to her: "Would you like to go for a walk on the shaft?"(L.); Lying on the bale and plan, he jerked his arms and legs and whispered: "Mama! Mama!"(H); Shouted: "Two ... Orderlies ... Look, look - it is still flying ... Climb under the carriages ..."(A.T.); The hostess very often turned to Chichikov with the words: "You took very little"(G.).

§ 47.6

If direct speech begins with a paragraph, then the colon after the previous author's words is not always put.

1) Colon is put if the author's words contain a verb with the meaning of speech-thought ( speak, say, tell, notice, address, exclaim, shout, whisper, ask, ask, answer, insert, interrupt, speak, start, continue, confirm, explain, agree, assent, remind, advise, reproach, decide, think etc.) or a noun close in meaning or formation to verbs of speech-thought ( question, answer, words, exclamation, voice, whisper, sound, cry, thought etc.).

In addition, in the function of words that introduce direct speech, verbs are used denoting the speaker's feelings, sensations, internal state ( remember, be happy, upset, surprised, offended, indignant, horrified etc.), as well as verbs denoting facial expressions, gestures, movements ( to smile, to laugh, to laugh, to laugh, sigh, frown, walk, run up, jump etc.). Both those and other verbs allow the possibility of adding speech verbs to them ( rejoiced and said; surprised and asked; smiled and answered; ran up and exclaimed etc.), so they are perceived as words that introduce direct speech. For example:

a) He looked with a grin:

- Nothing, before the wedding will heal.

b) While we were digging up the wheels bogged down in the sand, a policeman came up to us:

- Who are they?

v) Mother frowned.

- Did you get a deuce again?

G) Everyone was horrified:

- Is that really true?

e) The old man got angry:

- Get out of here immediately!

e) The children ran to meet their mother: - Mother!

g) This time he got angry:

- You won't get another gram!

h) Grabbing a piece of wood, she began to beat it on the basin:

- Rise! Get up!

Wed: On one of these ... days Zabrodsky came running: "Dmitry Alekseevich, it's begun! .."(Er.)

Colon is also posed in cases where the author's words do not contain speech verbs or verbs replacing them with the above meanings, but the situation shows that direct speech is being introduced: ... And that one to him: "This house is our common"(H); ... And he: "Go away, drunken mug!"(M.G.); ... And he: “I am a writer. Not a prose writer. No, I'm in touch with the muses "(M.).

2) Colon is not used if inserting words and said and asked and exclaimed etc. is impossible or difficult:

a) Nobody wanted to leave.

- Tell us something else about your travels.

b) My words clearly embarrassed him.

- So you don't trust me?

v) He had no other choice.

- I accept your terms.

G) The mother's brow furrowed.

- I do not allow this to be done.

e) The little machinist's eyes sparkled.

e) - Wonderful! Renovated to glory!

Wed: This morning she took money out of my pocket before going to the bakery, and attacked this little book, pulled it out. "What have you got?" (NS.) A colon is also not put if direct speech is enclosed between two sentences from the author, and the second of them contains words that introduce direct speech:

He tore a few pieces of paper from his notebook and handed them to me.

- Write down my comments in detail, he said in a calm voice.

Section 48. Direct speech before the author's words

If direct speech is before the author's words, then after it are placed comma (interrogative or exclamation mark, ellipsis) and dash: the author's words begin with lowercase letters: “My mother is probably not sleeping, but I’m not returning from work,” - thought Pavka(BUT.); "Do you know your grandfather, mother?" - the son says to the mother(N.); "Don't make a noise, go quietly, soldier!" - the old man spoke in an angry whisper to Olenin(L.T.); "I would like to buy peasants ..." - said Chichikov, hesitated and did not finish his speech(G.).

The same when making a direct speech from a paragraph:

- Flattery and cowardice are the worst vices, - Asya said loudly(T.);

- Well, Natalya, don't you hear about your husband? - interrupted the Kashuli daughter-in-law, addressing Natasha(NS.);

- Hurry, hurry to the city for a doctor! - Vladimir shouted(NS.);

- Sleep, granddaughter, sleep ... - the old woman sighed(Ch.).

§ 49. Author's words inside direct speech

§ 49.1

If the author's words are inside direct speech (highlighted in quotes), then quotes are placed only at the beginning and at the end of direct speech and are not placed between direct speech and the author's words (such punctuation was found in the works of writers of the 19th century): “I came to command, - Chapaev said, - and not messing around with pieces of paper "(Tuyere.).

§ 49.2

If the author's words should not have any punctuation mark at the place of the break in direct speech or there should have been a comma, semicolon, colon or dash, then the author's words are highlighted on both sides commas and dashes, after which the first word is written with lowercase letters: “We decided - the assessor continued, - with your permission to stay here overnight "(P.) - there would be no sign at the place of the gap; "No, - said Ermolai, - it’s not all right; we need to get the boat "(T.) - there would be a comma at the break; “We will have to spend the night here, - said Maxim Maksimych, - in such a blizzard through the mountains you will not move "(L.) - there would be a colon at the site of the gap.

§ 49.3

If there should have been a dot at the place where direct speech is broken by the author's words, then the author's words are preceded by comma and dash, and after them - dot and dash; uppercase letters: “I am not connected with anyone or with him, - he reminded of himself. - Reality is hostile to me "(M.G.); “You want to cripple me, Lenochka, - Voropaev shook his head. "Well, can I get there?"(Paul.)

§ 49.4

If at the place of the break of direct speech by the author's words there should have been interrogative or Exclamation point, then this sign is preserved before the author's words and after it is placed dash; the author's words begin with lowercase letters followed by dot and dash; the second part of direct speech begins with uppercase letters: “So your name is Pavka? - Tonya broke the silence. - Why Pavka? It sounds ugly, it's better Pavel "(BUT.); “Here it is, the end of the world! - exclaimed Mokhov. - Great! Never before have I traveled so far! "(Already.)

§ 49.5

If at the place of the gap in direct speech by the author's words there should have been ellipsis, then it is saved before the author's words and after it is put dash; after the words of the author, or comma and dash(if the second part of direct speech does not form an independent sentence, it starts with lowercase letters), or dot and dash(if the second part is a new sentence, it starts with an uppercase letter): "Do not…- with Vershinin said, - don't, guy! "(Sun. IV.); "Wait ... said Morozka sullenly. - Give me a letter ... "(F.) 6. If in the author's words inside direct speech there are two verbs with the meaning of the utterance, of which one refers to the first part of direct speech, and the other to the second, then after the words of the author are put colon and dash, where the first word of the second part starts with uppercase letters: “I don’t ask you, - the officer said sternly and asked again: - Old woman, answer! "(M.G.); “I humbly thank you, - answered Meshkov, humbly took off his cap, but immediately put it on again and bowed, adding hastily: - Thank you very much, comrades "(Fed.).

§ 50. Direct speech within the author's words

a) Father Vasily raised his eyebrows and smoked, blowing smoke from his nose, then said: "Yes, so that's how" sighed, paused and left(A.T.) - comma separates homogeneous predicates said and sighed, between which there is direct speech; ... Sofya Karlovna kissed Manya again and said to her: "Come on, walk, my baby", she dragged herself behind her screens(Lesk.) - the comma closes the adverbial turnover, which includes direct speech; Boris comes up to me and says: "Well knocked down, great," but his eyes shine, full of envy(Kud.) - a comma separates parts of a compound sentence connected by an adversarial union but; Arriving at the dacha in a large company ... my brother suddenly said: "Bear, let's go to billiards" and they locked themselves playing billiards for three hours(Sim.) - comma before the union and in a complex sentence;

b) …She said: "Today, they say, the university is no longer engaged in science" - and called her dog Suzette(L.T.) - dash before union and with homogeneous predicates; Then he was completely stunned: "Your honor, sir, sir, how are you ... but am I worth ..." - and suddenly cried(Ven.) - dash after ellipsis, which ends direct speech; To my question: "Is the old caretaker alive?" - no one could give me a satisfactory answer(P.) - a dash after a question mark, which ends direct speech; And only when he whispered: "Mama! Mama!" - he seemed to feel better(Ch.) - a dash after the exclamation mark, which ends direct speech; Don't say: "Hey dog!" or "Hey cat!" - two lines separated by a non-repeating union or;

v) When the bailiff said: "It would be nice, sir, to do this and that," - "Yes, not bad" - he usually answered(G.); When a peasant came to him and, scratching the back of his head with his hand, said: "Master, let me leave for work, give me some money," - "Go," - he said(G.) - a comma and a dash separate two replicas of different persons that are inside the author's words.

§ 51. Punctuation marks in dialogue

§ 51.1

If dialogue lines are given each from the paragraph, then in front of them is put dash:

- So the German is calm?

- Silence.

- Rockets?

- Yes, but not very often(Kaz.).

§ 51.2

If cues follow in the selection without specifying who they belong to, then each of them is in quotes and is separated from the neighboring dash: “So are you married? I did not know the wound! How long has it been? " - "About two years". - "On whom?" - "On Larina". - "Tatiana?" - "Do you know her?" - "I am their neighbor"(NS.).

§ 51.3

"Not to see?" - repeated the master. "Not to see," the servant replied a second time(T.);

"How are you doing?" - asked Ekaterina Ivanovna. “Nothing, we live a little,” Startsev (Ch.) Answered;

"May I go to the first company?" - said Maslennikov, diligently, more than usual, stretching out in front of Saburov. “Go,” said Saburov. - I'll come to you soon too. "(Sim.).

§ 51.4

If one replica is broken by another, and then the continuation of the first replica follows, then after the first part of it and before the beginning of the second one is put ellipsis:

- I requested…

- You have not asked for anything.

- ... at least a minute of attention.

§ 51.5

If in a subsequent remark words from the previous one, belonging to another person, are repeated, and they are perceived as someone else's text, then these words are highlighted in quotes:

Kupavina. Ah, it's funny at last. Why a lawyer when there is nothing.

Lynyaev. How "nothing"?

Kupavina. So, nothing, blank paper(Acute);

Silane. Walk a little, you'd better ...

Kuroslepov. Yes,« walk a little "! All your consideration ...(Sharp).

Wed: "If you are free, come and see me." - "Like this " you will be free " ? After all, I have every minute registered ”; "Believe me, you are still dear to me." - "Your" roads “Completely inappropriate,” she said angrily.

If the words repeated in the subsequent remark are not perceived as someone else's text, then they are not highlighted with quotes:

Lynyaev. Alas!

Murzavetsky. What is "alas"? What is it, my dear sir, alas?(Sharp) - first alas - repetition of a word from someone else's text, the second - a word from your own text.

§ 51.6

A special form of building a dialogue is expressed in the fact that punctuation marks are used as independent remarks - mainly question and exclamation marks:

a) - I will not answer.

- And what will it give you?

- Will give nothing. We'll find out everything.

b) - You are crazy, - said Proshkin, having seen my second inventor's certificate.

Such a peculiar use of them is explained by the fact that "the meaning of exclamation and question marks is so definite and generally accepted that it is possible with the help of these signs to express surprise, doubt, indignation, etc. ... even without words" (cf. § 2, p. 6 and § 3, item 7).

§ 52. Paragraphs in direct speech

§ 52.1

He grabbed the pole, ordered Dina to hold and climbed. Once or twice it broke off - the block interfered. Kostylin supported him, - somehow got out upstairs. Dina pulls his shirt with her little hands, with all her might, laughing herself.

Zhilin took the pole and said:

- Take it to the place, Dina, or they will miss it, - will kill you(L.T.)

But if a sentence introducing direct speech begins with an accessory union and but etc., then it is not allocated in a separate paragraph:

They also talked and began to argue about something. AND Pakhom asked what they were arguing about. And the translator said:

- Some say that it is necessary to ask the foreman about the land, but without him it is impossible. And others say, and without him you can(L.T.)

§ 52.2

- Well, I'm very glad, - said the wife, - so now you, look, take your medicine carefully. Give me the prescription, I'll send Gerasim to the pharmacy. - And she went to get dressed.

He did not catch his breath while she was in the room, and sighed heavily when she left.(L.T.)

- When? - many exclaimed. And meanwhile their eyes were incredulously fixed on the hunchback, who, after a moment's silence, got up, saddled his horse, put on a horn, and drove out of the yard (L.).

§ 52.3

- I am sure, - I continued, - that the princess is already in love with you. He blushed from ear to ear and pouted(L.).

§ 52.4

If between two remarks of the same speaker there is a text from the author, then neither this text nor the subsequent direct speech in separate paragraphs are usually highlighted:

- This formula may have a different form, - explained the professor. He walked slowly to the blackboard, took the chalk and wrote something new for us.

“This is another option,” he said.

In poetic texts, there are also cases when direct speech, interrupted by the author's words (remark), is a continuation of the previous one, or when his action is described between two remarks of the same person: in the first case dash placed on the right, at the end of the line, in the second - on the left, at the beginning of the line (like a paragraph): You demand a lot, Emilia!- (Silence.) Who would have thought that such a fool, So insensitive ... nature is boring! ..(L.) A scoundrel, and I will mark you here, So that everyone considers meeting you a grudge.

(Throws cards in his face. The prince is so amazed that he does not know what to do.) - Now we are quits(L.).

In verses, after a direct speech ending in front of a space, a dash is not put.

§ 52.5

If a direct speech contains a dialogue that occurred earlier, it can be formalized either in the form of paragraphs or in a selection, but the punctuation changes depending on whether the listener interrupts the narrator or not. If interrupts, then the conversation that occurred earlier is given with paragraphs and quotes, so that the phrases of the narrator and the listener do not mix with the dialogue given by the narrator. For example:

-

"We'll have to stay for a while." "Why? Something happened?"

-

- I'll tell you now.

Another option: the words of the previous dialogue are given in the selection to the words and says between the phrases in quotes, put dash:

... The traveler began his story:

- It was in the midst of our march. A guide came up to me and said: "We'll have to stay for a while." - "Why? Something happened?"

- Did anything really happen? - one of those listening to the traveler could not resist.

- I'll tell you now.

If the listener does not interrupt the narrator, then the dialogue given in the story can also be formalized in two ways: either by dash with paragraphs, or in selection, and in this case the replicas are enclosed in quotes and separated by the sign dash. Wed:

a) ... The traveler began his story:

- It was in the midst of our march. A guide came up to me and said:

- We'll have to stay for a while.

- Why? Something happened?

- A collapse occurred in the mountains.

- Are there any unpleasant consequences?

- I'll find out the details. But it is already known that there are victims.

b) ... The traveler began his story:

It was in the midst of our march. A conductor came up to me and said: "We'll have to stay for a while." - "Why? Something happened?" - "There was a landslide in the mountains." - "Are there any unpleasant consequences?" - “I'll find out the details. But it is already known that there are victims. "

Those present listened attentively to the traveler's story.

If the dialogue cited in the remark is accompanied by the author's words, then it is given in the selection and stands out in quotes:

Balsaminov. ... They look and smile, and I represent myself as a lover. Only once we meet with Lukyan Lukyanich (I did not know him then), and he says: "Who are you trailing for here?" I'm talking: "I'm in charge." And he said so at random ...(Sharp.)

§ 52.6

If direct speech, conveying unspoken thoughts, is given after the author's words, then it does not stand out from the paragraph:

Everything went on calmly. Suddenly he caught himself and thought: “ Is there any catch here? »

a) Everything went on calmly.

"Isn't there, - he thought, - some kind of catch?"

b) Everything went on calmly.

"Is there any catch here?" he thought.

§ 52.7

If a long story with many paragraphs is being conveyed, then dash is placed only before the first paragraph (neither in front of intermediate paragraphs, nor in front of the last dash):

- The work of our expedition went like this, - the scientist-geologist began his story.- B A detailed plan was developed, routes were outlined ..[Continues the story.]

These are the preliminary results of the expedition.

§ 53. Punctuation and graphic design of text in plays

§ 53.1

The prose text in the plays is given in the selection to the name of the character (the latter is highlighted in type); a period is put after the name of the actor:

Anna Pavlovna. And where is Viktor Mikhailovich? Lisa. He left. (L.T.)

§ 53.2

In poetic texts, after the name of the character, given in a separate line and turned off in the middle, a full stop is not put:

Nina

Death, death! He is right - there is fire in the chest - all hell.

Arbenin

Yes, I gave you poison at the ball. (L.)

§ 53.3

Action one

The theater presents the front of a wealthy house in Moscow. Three doors: the outer one, to Leonid Fyodorovich's office and to Vasily Leonidovich's room.

Staircase upstairs to the inner chambers; behind her is the passage to the buffet. (L.T.)

§ 53.4

In remarks placed next to the name of the actor and highlighted in a different font (usually italic) in parentheses, a period is put after the parenthesis:

Manetha (To Glumov). Run away from the hustle and bustle, run away.

Glumov (with a lean look and sighs). I'm running away, running away (Sharp.)

§ 53.5

Remarks in the text relating to a given person, if a remark is followed by a new phrase of the same person, or if a remark ends with a remark, begin with a capital letter, are italicized in parentheses, with a dot inside the parenthesis:

a) E p and h o d about v. I will go. (Bumps into a chair that falls.) Here… (As if triumphant.) You see, excuse the expression, what a circumstance, by the way ... (Ch.)

b) Anfis a (seeing Lynyaev). Oh, you ... you yourself. (Goes into the garden.)(Sharp.)

If the remark is in the middle of the character's phrase, it begins with a lowercase letter and is italicized in parentheses, without a period:

N and k and t a. And now I will go (looks around) left.

§ 53.6

In poetic texts, the remarks referring to this person, if adjacent to the name of the actor, are given in italics in brackets without a period; if the replicas of the actor go in the middle (or at the end of the text), then they are highlighted in a separate line and given in italics in parentheses with a period:

Arbenin (listens)

You're lying! He is here

(points to the office)

And, probably, he sleeps sweetly: listen,

how it breathes.

(To the side.)

But it will soon stop.

S l u g a (to the side)

He hears everything ... (L.)

§ 53.7

A remark referring to another character is usually typed in a smaller font and turned off in a red line, without brackets:

Ljub ov and andreevna Where are you! Sit down already ...

Firs enters; he brought a coat.(Ch.)

§ 53.8

If in the middle of one person's remark there is a remark referring to another person or a general remark (for example, It gets dark or Songs are distributed), then the remark is turned off, as usual, in the red line, without brackets, and the continuation of the speech of the previously speaking person (before the remark) is given on a new line without a paragraph, and the name of the actor is not repeated:

Sergei Petrovich. Come with me into the house.

There is a clatter of dishes in the kitchen.

So dinner has been prepared for us.

The name of the actor is repeated in those cases when he has a remark related to him:

Ljub ov and andreevna You need giants ... They are only good in fairy tales, but they are so frightening.

Epikhodov walks in the back of the stage and plays the guitar.

Love (thoughtfully). Epikhodov is coming. (Ch.)

§ 53.9

If a verse line is split into parts (in one line the speech of several actors is given), then this line is drawn up with a "ladder", that is, the beginning of the text of the replica of the second character will be at the level where the text of the replica of the previously said person ended:

1st ponter

Ivan Ilyich, let me put it on.

B a n k o m e t

Excuse me.

1st ponter

One hundred rubles.

B a n k o m e t

2nd ponter

Well, good luck. (L.)