Works about betrayal. Heroism and betrayal in works of literature of the 20th century

A. S. Pushkin. Historical novel "The Captain's Daughter". Shvabrin is a dishonest person. He went over to Pugachev’s side to save his life. Wanting to marry Masha at any cost, Shvabrin imprisoned the girl in a closet and did not give her food or water until she agreed to his conditions.

Vasil Bykov "Sotnikov". The fisherman, one of the heroes of the work, acted meanly towards his comrade Sotnikov. He not only betrayed his friend, going over to the side of the police, but also killed Sotnikov, taking out a chair from under him at the gallows. For him, “the opportunity to live has appeared - this is the main thing. Everything else comes later.”

Victor Hugo "Les Miserables". The Thénardier couple of innkeepers are a real example of meanness and dishonor. Cruel, inhumane treatment of the little Cosette entrusted to them, who from the age of 4 was forced to do all the menial work on the farm, and if the child was disobedient or slow, they were simply beaten.

The poor child, as soon as she left the cradle, already got up early to carry out the housewife’s instructions, barefoot and half-naked even in winter, the baby went into the dark forest with a huge bucket for water and just try not to return on time! The poor child had no right to play, and even if she had a free minute, all the toys the little girl had were a pair of old tin spoons. With inhuman deception, Thenardier extracted money from Cosette's poor mother, supposedly for the treatment of the girl, pushing the poor woman into the very abyss.

Shameless begging and deceiving good people with the help of false letters, where Thenardier pretended to be different people, just to beg for at least a couple of francs. And how much evil and meanness Thénardier caused Jean Valjean - what is it worth just to be ambushed in his home with a gang of bandits when he brought him the promised money

V. Zheleznikov. The story "Scarecrow". Dima Somov is one of the best students in the class, an activist, a leader and enjoys authority among his classmates. The boy strives to be the best in everything, to always be the first and the bravest. When a new student, Lenochka Bessoltseva, a clumsy and timid, funny girl, comes to class, Dima stands up for her in front of the mocking guys and becomes her friend. But when the real moment came to show courage, decency and fortitude, Dima not only chickened out, but also committed real meanness and behaved like the last coward and traitor. Being himself to blame, he not only allowed the cruel persecution of his friend Lena, who, out of kindness and sincere friendship towards him, took the blame upon herself, but he himself took part in them, being afraid of the boys’ boycott. Dima committed a cruel and vile act, like the last coward and scoundrel. Also a good example of meanness is another student, Shmakova, who from the very beginning knew who was to blame for everything and that Lena was being wronged undeservedly. She and the guys chased Lenka, but did not give Dima away, because she was interested in seeing what would happen next, and also because she believed that this way she could make Dima “her slave.”

Andriy, the youngest son of Taras Bulba, betrayed his native land and went over to the side of the enemy. Having fallen in love with a Polish girl, he was ready to fight against those whom he had recently considered literally his family. Taras Bulba did not forgive his traitorous son. Andriy’s act was shameful for him, not worthy of justification. Betrayal overshadowed the love for his own son. Taras Bulba killed Andriy.

M. Sholokhov "The Fate of Man"

Kryzhnev was going to hand over a communist platoon commander to the Germans at morning roll call. He said that “your shirt is closer to your body,” intending to save his own skin at the cost of another person’s life. Andrei Sokolov strangled the traitor, while experiencing only disgust. He felt that he had taken the life not of a real person, but of “some creeping bastard.” Andrei Sokolov’s act is cruel, but fair: betrayal is unacceptable, especially in war.

A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter"

We know that Pyotr Grinev is a man of honor. This cannot be said about Alexey Ivanovich Shvabrin. This man betrayed his homeland. By the time the Belogorsk fortress was captured, he was already one of the elders of the impostor Pugachev. Saving his life by any means and groveling before Pugachev, he forgets about the duty and honor of a Russian soldier. This does not indicate his baseness, meanness and immorality.

A.S. Pushkin "Dubrovsky"

The quarrel between Andrei Gavrilovich Dubrovsky and Kirilla Petrovich Troekurov showed that the latter is a traitor capable of vile acts. Wanting to harm Dubrovsky, Troekurov bribed officials, arranging everything so that his former friend lost his rightful possession - the village of Kistenevka. As a result, Andrei Gavrilovich went crazy and died.

N.M. Karamzin "Poor Liza"

Erast betrayed Lisa. At first he was truly in love, but his feelings began to cool after the girl gave herself to him. A young man, having lost money, was forced to marry a rich widow. He lied to Lisa that he was going to war. Lisa's fate turned out to be tragic: having learned about deception and betrayal, the girl decided that it was better for her to die and threw herself into the pond.

The text by Mikhail Georgievich Khudyakov proposed for analysis is dedicated to the problem of betrayal.

The author examines this problem using the example of a case from the life of one boy who was completely confident in his friend, trusting him. Seryozha Leontyev acted heroically, saving his comrade, but after that he betrayed his friend, who was doomed to loneliness and isolation.

To draw the reader's attention to the problem, the author describes the experience of a boy who has been pondering the question for many years: > The problem of betrayal is an eternal problem of society. People sometimes do not see the line between love and hatred, taking the path of betrayal.

The author strives to convey to the reader the idea that sometimes people betray each other, forgetting about moral principles. Mikhail Georgievich urges the reader that without the consent of a person one cannot reveal his secrets and secrets that he entrusted to you, relying on your honesty and decency.

The problem raised by the author was also raised in the works of Russian writers and poets. Let's consider it using the example of N.V. Gogol's story, when Andriy, the son of Taras, being captured by love feelings, betrays his father, brother and homeland. He forgets that he sided with the worst enemy of the entire Cossacks. The result of this rash act is the murder of his negligent son, which Bulba commits after being unable to cope with the feeling of shame in front of his people. This fact proves that betrayal is not forgiven even to the closest people, that a person who was once able to step over moral principles does not deserve a condescending attitude.

Often you have to deal with people betraying each other. Betrayal by children towards their parents is no exception to this. The current generation sometimes forgets that the people who gave them life need their help and support. Young people, tired on working days, do not think that their mother is waiting for a call, that she is worried about her child and sincerely regrets that she cannot be with him. Sometimes children stop caring for their elderly parents, sending them to nursing homes, completely missing the fact that they remain indebted to them for their upbringing. This proves that even a person close and dear to you is capable of betraying you, forgetting about all moral and ethical principles.

Thus, M.G. Khudyakov conveys to the reader the idea that it is always difficult to judge such a concept as betrayal. People may have excuses, but the heartache of the one who was betrayed will always live in his heart. I hope that honesty and sincerity in relationships between people, morality and simply compassion for each other is a sure way to avoid betrayal.

Before reading this collection, answer a couple of questions. Are you 100% confident in your loved ones? Do you think that you have devoted friends, a faithful lover and sincere parents who are ready to perform heroic deeds for the sake of their child? Did you answer in the affirmative? Well, I’ll disappoint you: betrayal like a snake is hidden in the thick of life’s events, and no one is safe from it.

I’m not calling for you to suffer from paranoid psychosis, but reading a couple of thematic works will help you figure out what’s what, because alarm bells of impending betrayal and a painful blow appear in the early stages. Thanks to the books presented below, you will recognize the true essence of those around you.

I’d like to start with the 2015 graphic novel, which Stephen King himself had a hand in creating. The first vampire to be born on American soil, Skinner Swift is different from his European counterparts. The demon of the night is much stronger and is not afraid of daylight. Due to circumstances, the main character fell into hibernation; the guy was brought out of suspended animation by the noisy 20s. Fate brings him together with Pearl Jones, who aspires to become an actress, but is faced with the worst traits of human nature. The girl's movie dream turned into a bloody nightmare, only the monster showed a drop of sympathy for her.

This is not another Twilight or Anne Rice's Vampire Chronicles. You will not see sugary handsome men on the pages - dangerous, but vulnerable deep in their souls. This is a crusade of a victim of betrayal with all the ensuing details. A full-fledged tragic work, dressed in a comic book shell in a noir style.

It is impossible to find friends as dissimilar as Amir and Hassan. Between the guys there is a bottomless abyss. One comes from a local aristocratic family, the other is a pathetic renegade, a representative of the most despised class. Amir is educated, his father is handsome and influential, the boy inherited the good genes of his parent. Illiterate Hassan has a harelip, but a kind and sincere heart. As usual, behind outstanding external data hides a vile soul. One day, Amir witnesses his best friend being bullied, but does not stand up for his friend, even when he is being raped.

A novel about betrayal and the desire for redemption that will chill you to the bone. This is one of the most striking phenomena in the literature of the 21st century. I highly recommend reading it, regardless of gender or age.

The story is based on true facts. Back in 1823, an expedition was organized under the leadership of General William Ashley with the goal of exploring the Missouri River and getting to its sources. Among the pioneers was Hugh Glass, a mountain man and a man of incredible strength of character. The main character falls under the hot paw of a grizzly bear, but the pain from bodily wounds is not as painful as the realization of the fact that cowardly friends in the squad abandoned him to certain death.

It was not for nothing that Leonardo DiCaprio received an Oscar for his role as Glass, but even such a magnificent actor was unable to fully convey the character’s character. It's not a lack of talent, but a strict cinematic framework. The book pays a lot of attention to the description of the hero’s thoughts, his biography and the prerequisites that form the desire for revenge.

A chilling tragedy occurred in a small provincial town. Nothing foreshadowed trouble on this bright weekday morning, when one of the school students showed up for lessons with an impressive arsenal and opened fire to kill. What prompted the teenager to take up arms, and whether he had the right to lynching, the reader will find out when he reaches the last chapter of Jodi Picoult’s novel.

The heavy dramatic plot will appeal to a wide audience, from rebellious young adults to mature men and women. The novel vividly shows what it is like for outcasts, what is going on in the thoughts of unpopular children, and how parents are ready to protect their offspring no matter what.

Will you dare to betray the love of your life for the opportunity to achieve fabulous wealth? David Mori did not hesitate for long. The main character, coming from a poor family, went through a half-starved childhood and adolescence. He graduated from the Faculty of Medicine and was faced with a choice - either to remain practicing in a provincial hospital, or to rush up the career ladder. Now David owns a small estate in a picturesque area and collects works of art, but is he happy?

Well-being is not measured by zeros in a bank account. Mori learned this the hard way. Now the hero is left tormented by doubts and tormenting himself with dreams of how everything would have turned out if he had chosen a different path.

The girl Tony lives in a small Irish town with her mom and dad. From the outside, the family seems absolutely normal, but in the evenings the father likes to go into his daughter’s bedroom and not at all to read her a bedtime story. A man has been raping a girl for many years, and her attempts to talk about her mother’s repeated incidents run into a blank wall of misunderstanding and mistrust. The truth is revealed when Tony becomes pregnant at 14 and nearly dies during an abortion.

The novel “The Story of a Betrayal” is autobiographical, and therefore extremely important for society. Maguire dared to tell the whole world about her grief and show that victims of violence are innocent of what happened. They are able to resist offenders, fight public opinion and get back on their feet.

Franz moves to Berlin to live with his uncle, who owns a small but profitable shop. A relative has a wife, Martha, who married him solely for the sake of calculation. An affair begins between a young man and a woman; she is thinking of killing her disgusted husband. Fate shuffles the cards and hands out a completely unexpected deal.

The pen of Vladimir Nabokov makes the trivial line of a love triangle non-trivial and tasty. The virtuoso of words weaves colorful metaphors and deep thoughts into a logical narrative. "King, Queen, Jack" will satisfy your intellectual hunger.

If you haven’t watched the film yet, then quickly type the title into the search bar, and then pick up the book and compare. Evil heroes were not always so, betrayal turned a naive and charming girl into a real witch, but in the depths of her dark essence there remained a spark of light.

It would seem that Elizabeth Rudnick's work is intended for children, but adults will also learn a valuable lesson from the book. The author rehabilitated Maleficent in the eyes of readers and successfully moved away from the drawn-out “prince-kiss-wedding” template. She shows what true love really looks like - real and priceless.

The girl was friends with the boy, the boy loved the girl, the girl made a mistake, the boy decided to take revenge. You will encounter bullying, chasing, emotional pressure, physical abuse and many other stunning aspects of the unhealthy relationship between a downtrodden home girl and a notorious bully.

The writing style is a little strange, but it fits the standards of the newfangled trend of online novels. In some places the story resembles a diary with its insignificant details, in the manner of “I woke up, washed my face, combed my hair.” However, moments like these make the book more naturalistic and lively.

In his youth, Arthur Burton's mind was full of illusions and romantic ideas. The naivety of the protagonist led to him being cruelly slandered, deceived and expelled from society. The only way out is to stage a suicide and disappear forever. After 13 years, Arthur returns under the guise of a cynical journalist, writing under the pseudonym Gadfly.

Voynich's lines plunge knives into the reader's chest. Even though many people accuse the author of an overly pompous and pathetic style, I will remain a devoted fan of her work until the end of my days. I have never cried the way I cried over The Gadfly.

The main character is over 50 and works as a private detective. Instead of searching for particularly dangerous criminals, the man is busy spying on unfaithful wives and husbands. Talent finds application in everyday affairs. George creates psychological portraits with ease, guided by first impressions and attention to detail. One day Sarah knocks on the office door. The woman is not just another client. She is the one that George, without realizing it, has been waiting for.

“Light of Day” is a precious relic and nothing else. I want to retell it to my friends, read it out loud in public squares, and pray to the printed lines in splendid isolation. A storm of diverse emotions will capture you in an uncontrollable tornado. Although the events affect only one day of the main character, the impressions will last you a lifetime.

A guy named Richerd comes to a Vermont college who wants to master the ancient Greek language perfectly. The main character quickly makes new friends - smart, educated, rich and relaxed. The company consists of four young men and one girl. The guys seriously consider themselves the last guardians of ancient culture. The murder puts an end to the carefree and exciting pastime of young idealists.

I fell in love with the drama about crime and guilt at first sight. People always wear masks that hide their real appearance. However, as soon as you push it, handsome men turn into freaks, intellectuals into dullards, and demigods into primitive worms.

Fickle Kitty, in order to get ahead of her sister, thoughtlessly marries the intelligent bacteriologist Walter Fein. The newlyweds go to Hong Kong - the place of the scientist's main work. The girl does not like the climate and the peculiar culture; she is languishing from boredom. Kitty cheats on Walter with the governor's assistant. Having learned about the betrayal, the man gives his unfaithful wife an ultimatum - either she accompanies him on a dangerous journey through the Chinese outback, where a cholera epidemic is raging, or he immediately files for divorce.

How often fate brings together absolute opposites. Walter is a cracker with a clearly defined range of interests, Kitty is a cheerful and slightly limited laugher. The mistake transforms the character of the main character, she becomes head and shoulders above her former self. This novel is not so much about betrayal as it is about the formation of personality.

An affair begins between a fifteen-year-old teenager and a thirty-six-year-old woman. A couple of months later, the protagonist’s beloved disappears. For eight whole years, Michael Berg has been tormented by guesses. Until he gets to the trial of the concentration camp guards. Hannah sits in the dock. She is accused of being involved in the deaths of three hundred Jewish women. However, the evidence is clearly falsified.

Michael is not surrounded by an aura of false romance and chivalric nobility, which is why the hero is so realistic. A man is honest with himself and those around him, he perceives reality without embellishment. Acceptance of one's past becomes the primary theme of the novel.

A group of teenagers chooses a unique location to spend their holidays. While their classmates pack their bags, imagining blissful sunny days at sea, they take drinks and snacks to a World War II bunker. According to the condition, the guys will be locked up and released only after three days. But after a specified period of time, one single girl is selected from the dungeon. So what happened at the bottom of the hole?

The dark story will repeatedly make you think and doubt. A social experiment in a cramped room reveals the nature of the characters. They squabble like spiders in a jar, become hysterical and quickly give up. The ending is left open, giving the reader the opportunity to choose the culprit.

Be extremely careful when choosing friends, because who knows, maybe new acquaintances are hiding a knife behind their back and are looking forward to an opportunity!

In any final essay, first of all, arguments from literature are valued, which show the degree of erudition of the author. It is in the main part of his work that he demonstrates his abilities: literacy, prudence, erudition, and the ability to beautifully express his thoughts. Therefore, when preparing, it is important to focus your attention on what works will be needed to cover the topics, and what episodes will help reinforce the thesis. This article contains 10 arguments in the “Loyalty and Betrayal” area, which will be useful in the process of writing practice essays, and maybe even in the exam itself.

1. In A. N. Ostrovsky’s drama “The Thunderstorm,” the heroine faces a difficult choice between loyalty to the deep-rooted traditions of the city of Kalinov, where stupidity and narrow-mindedness reign, and freedom of feeling and love. Treason is the highest manifestation of freedom for Katerina, the rebellion of her soul, in which love overcomes conventions and prejudices, ceases to be sinful, becoming the only salvation from a depressing existence in the “dark kingdom.”
2. “Everything passes, but not everything is forgotten” - and true fidelity knows no time boundaries. In the story by I.A. Bunin's "Dark Alleys" the heroine carries love through the years, leaving in her life full of everyday life, a place for the first and most important feeling. Having met her lover who once abandoned her, who has aged and become a complete stranger, she cannot get rid of bitterness. But the woman is unable to forgive the long-standing offense, since the price for loyalty to failed love turns out to be too high.
3. In the novel L.N. In Tolstoy's War and Peace, the paths of fidelity and betrayal are often intertwined. Staying faithful for Natasha Rostova, due to her young age and inexperience, turned out to be a difficult task. Her betrayal of Andrey is accidental and is seen more as a mistake of a girl inexperienced in love affairs, weak, subject to the influence of others, rather than as betrayal and frivolity. Caring for the wounded Bolkonsky, Natasha proves the sincerity of her feelings, showing spiritual maturity. But Helen Kuragina remains faithful only to her own interests. The primitiveness of feelings and the emptiness of the soul make it alien to true love, leaving room only for numerous betrayals.
4. Loyalty to love pushes a person to heroic deeds, but it can also be destructive. In the story by A.I. Kuprin's "Pomegranate Bracelet" unrequited love becomes the meaning of life for the petty official Zheltkov, who remains faithful to his high feelings for a married woman who will never be able to reciprocate his feelings. He does not defile his beloved with demands for reciprocal feelings. Tormented and suffering, he blesses Vera for a happy future, does not allow vulgarity and everyday life to penetrate the fragile world of love. In his loyalty there is a tragic doom to death.
5. In the novel by A.S. Pushkin's "Eugene Onegin" fidelity becomes one of the central themes. Fate constantly forces heroes to make decisions on which their personal happiness depends. Evgeny turns out to be weak in his choice, gives in to circumstances, betraying his friendship and himself for the sake of his own vanity. He is unable to take responsibility not only for a loved one, but also for his own actions. Tatyana, on the contrary, remains faithful to duty, sacrificing her interests. In this renunciation is the highest manifestation of strength of character, the struggle for inner purity, in which a sense of duty overcomes love.
6. The strength and depth of human nature is known in love and loyalty. In the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky's "Crime and Punishment" heroes, tormented by the severity of their crimes, are not able to find solace in the external world. In each other they see a reflection of their own sins, and the desire to atone for them, to find new life meanings and guidelines, becomes a common goal for them. Each of them wants to hear words of forgiveness from the other, each is looking for salvation from the pangs of conscience. Sonya Marmeladova shows courage by going to Siberia for Raskolnikov, and with her loyalty she transforms Rodion, resurrected by her love.
7. In the novel by I.A. Goncharov’s “Oblomov” the theme of fidelity is reflected in the relationships of several characters at once. The love of Olga Ilyinskaya and Ilya Oblomov is a collision of two worlds, beautiful in their romance and spirituality, but unable to coexist in harmony. Even in love, Olga is true to her ideas about the ideal lover, whom she tries to create from the sleepy, inactive Oblomov. She makes attempts to transform the hero, who lives in a cramped little world artificially created by him. Agafya Pshenitsyna, on the contrary, is trying to protect Oblomov’s sleeping soul from shocks, supporting his comfortable existence in the realm of carefree family happiness and comfort. She is infinitely devoted to him, and in blind obedience to her husband's whims, she becomes the indirect cause of his death. The servant Zakhar is also faithful to Oblomov, for whom the master is the embodiment of true heroism. Even after the death of Ilya Ilyich, a devoted servant takes care of his grave.
8. Loyalty is, first of all, awareness of responsibility, renunciation of one’s own interests and selfless appeal to another person. In the story by V.G. Rasputin's "French Lessons" district school teacher Lidiya Mikhailovna faces a difficult moral choice: to help a starving student using a non-pedagogical method, or to remain indifferent to the grief of a child who needs her help. The question of professional ethics here ceases to be dominant, giving way to compassion and tenderness for a capable boy. Loyalty to human duty becomes for her higher than conventional ideas about morality.
9. Loyalty and betrayal are opposite phenomena, mutually exclusive. But, one way or another, these are two different sides of the same choice, morally complex and not always unambiguous.
   In M. A. Bulgakov’s novel “The Master and Margarita,” the heroes choose between good and evil, duty and conscience. They are faithful to their choice to the end, even one that brings them a lot of mental suffering. Margarita leaves her husband, actually committing betrayal, but, in her devotion to the Master, she is ready to take the most desperate step - to make a deal with evil spirits. Her loyalty to love justifies her sins, because Margarita remains pure before herself and the person she wants to save.
10. In M. A. Sholokhov’s novel “Quiet Don” the themes of fidelity and betrayal are revealed in the relationships of several characters at once. Love ties closely connect the characters with each other, creating ambiguity in situations in which it is difficult to find happiness. Loyalty here comes in many forms: Aksinya’s passionate devotion is different from Natalya’s quiet, unrequited tenderness. In a blinding desire for Gregory, Aksinya cheats on Stepan, while Natalya remains faithful to her husband to the end, forgiving dislike and indifference. Grigory Melekhov, in search of himself, turns out to be a victim of fatal events. He is looking for the truth, in favor of which he is ready to make a choice, but the search is complicated by the ups and downs of life, which the hero cannot cope with. Grigory's mental tossing, his vain readiness to be faithful to the end only to truth and duty is another personal tragedy in the novel.
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