Presentation on Crimean studies "History of the Crimean Peninsula Research". Crimean studies presentation history of the Crimean peninsula research

26.09.2019

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Traveler, geologist and geographer, academician Vladimir Afanasyevich Obruchev (1863-1956) is widely known throughout the world primarily as an outstanding explorer of Central Asia and Siberia, the author of many fundamental works on geology and geography ("Field Geology", "Ore Deposits", " Fundamentals of Geology "), as well as fascinating science fiction and adventure novels (" Plutonium "," Sannikov Land "," In the Wilds of Central Asia "," Gold Miners in the Desert ").

For many years V.A. Obruchev devoted to the study of the nature of the Crimea. The first Crimean works of the scientist date back to the beginning of the 20th century. and still have not lost their significance. In 1908, being a professor at the Tomsk Technological Institute, V.A. Obruchev visited Crimea for the first time. He was interested here in the methods and reasons for the movement of sediments off the coast of the peninsula. On the beaches of Koktebel, Alushta and Alupka, he studied the composition of pebbles and determined the direction of coastal currents. In essence, this work for the first time provided an explanation for many problems associated with the formation of beaches, which are of key importance for the Crimea as a resort.

In the spring of 1916 and in the summer of 1917 V.A. Obruchev surveyed the area in Gurzuf to substantiate the possibilities of construction and even became the discoverer of mineral carbon dioxide springs in the Crimean foothills. The researcher found in the valley of the river. Kacha, ten kilometers from Bakhchisarai, Burunkay spring. The water, which contained free carbon dioxide, reminded the geographer of the Kislovodsk narzan. It turned out that the flow rate of the source is 10-12 liters per second, the temperature is about 12 °. In an article published in 1924, the scientist recommended the Burunkaya area in the area with. To use Bashtanovka for the development of the future balneological resort.

In 1916 V.A. Obruchev came to Crimea with his wife and two younger sons, who later became prominent natural scientists. The professor then conducted research in the landscapes of the Kachi valley, traveled through the mountains and forests. He was extremely pleased with the pacifying nature of the peninsula, and he even thought about moving here in order to “choose a quieter, more modest corner, where there are no holidaymakers, and settle down ... How would work go here! - Vladimir Afanasevich dreamed. - How many more diaries that I have not touched, unassembled collections! " Unfortunately, these plans did not come true: war!

Only later did fate bring V.A. Obruchev to the Crimea. In 1918-1921. he worked as a professor, then head of the department of geology of the Tavricheskiy (Crimean) University, as well as dean. With the assistance of the scientist, a university geological museum was created with rich Crimean collections, rare editions of geological and geographical literature. Around V.A. Obruchev, capable young people were grouped, from among whom many prominent scientists subsequently emerged.

Here is what one of them, B.A. Fedorovich - about the teaching activity of his teacher in the Crimea.

“The lectures were simple in presentation, each thought, each position followed from the examples shown in the tables, or were confirmed by samples. Nothing was said that had to be taken on faith, everything was tangible, apparently and therefore unusually simple, clear and provable ... The course of physical geography was read both semesters of the 1919-1920 academic year, and I can testify that it was whole University of Geological and Geographical Knowledge. He was the source of such a figurative and visual acquaintance with the nature of the spaces studied by Vladimir Afanasyevich that when forty years later (in 1957-1959) I happened to repeat his routes ... ".

Some other details about V.A. Obruchev at the origins of the foundation of the Tavrichesky University, we learn from his letters addressed to relatives in Moscow (1918-1921). Copies of these letters are kept in the university library and we will quote some excerpts here.

“On the South Bank ... I collected various collections for the study(geological. - Auth.) ... I read a general course in geology, which includes the basics of petrography and historical geology ... I read ... for those specializing in field geology and I teach seminaries in physical geology ... Mineralogy is equipped with good forces - Vernadsky, ... Popov ... Dvoichenko. I have two assistants - a student ... Shcherbakov(future academician. - Auth.) and Moiseev(future professor, famous researcher of the geology of Crimea. - Author). So, the forces are good, but the trouble is that the office environment is extremely meager - there are no tools, collections (except for the Crimean ones), the library is very poor ... In addition to the university, I am also employed in the Commission of the Productive Forces of Crimea ... which is starting to produce a number of works across Crimea ... I am engaged in tectonics and stratigraphy of the Crimea. "

An additional touch to the Crimean portrait of V.A. Obrucheva gives an episode with his written appeal to the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the South, Baron Wrangel (dated May 2, 1920), expressing great concern about the intolerant state of the Yalta Natural History Museum, evicted by the Bolsheviks from the former barracks in Livadia, and then oppressed in the Male gymnasium by its director. Squeezed in one room, the natural history collection was already on the verge of liquidation. The matter, as the letter says, may go so far that the exhibits “will have to be hidden in boxes and put in some shed,” and such a turn will cause great damage to culture and education. This letter, as we have already said, was prepared and signed together with V.I. Vernadsky. Undoubtedly, such a civic position of outstanding scientists, when they considered it necessary to defend the interests of science under any government, deserves great respect.

A significant place in the scientific work of V.A. Obruchev has always been interested in researching the natural resources of the peninsula. The funds of the Crimean Republican Museum of Local Lore contains his manuscript with materials about the Beshuisky coal deposit, which was developed for local needs on the territory of the Crimean reserve, with the first estimate of fuel reserves. In 1920-1926, when the tasks of restoration and development of the Crimean economy required the maximum use of local mineral resources, a number of publications by the academician were devoted to the Chongelek (Priozernoye) oil field near Lake Tobechik, mud volcanic manifestations of the Kerch hillside.

As you know, in 1927 in the South Crimea there was a strong earthquake (8 points), which caused significant destruction among the settlements (about 70% of buildings were damaged in Yalta) and landslides in the mountains. A serious panic arose among the vacationers, and many were in a hurry to use any transport and even to leave the resort on foot. On the famous earthquake V.A. Obruchev responded with the article "Is the failure of the Crimea possible?" An intriguing and even deliberately shocking name is a skillful trick of an experienced popularizer of science, giving a qualified answer to a straightforwardly posed question that has ripened among the population frightened by the cataclysm. The scientist told the general reader about the causes of the earthquake, the peculiarities of the geological development of the Mountain Crimea and showed the absurdity of panic rumors, the essence of which is reflected in the title.

At the very beginning of the 1920s. Vladimir Afanasyevich, experiencing an ever-increasing pressure of aggravated problems caused by the lack of conditions for scientific work and normal life in general, was thinking about emigration. He had many of the same eminent like-minded people here. IN AND. Vernadsky reasoned in his diary: “The goal is clear: London and America, but when will I reach it? I saw Obruchev's son the other day, V.A. also had an idea through the Geographical Society of London. Maybe we will come to an agreement together. "

By 1921 V.A. Obruchev began to tend to the idea of returning to Moscow. Probably the last straw was what the academician called "A complete breakdown of the university", accompanied by the dispersal of classical faculties, the elimination of university autonomy, the opening of a "workers" faculty, in which, as V.A. "Semi-literate people are taught arithmetic"- and other mediocre "transformations" of the Bolshevik government.

New difficulties awaited the scientist in the capital, but he, like A.S. Pushkin, he lamented more about the impending separation from southern nature, the blue sky and the bright sun:

"All this will no longer be in Moscow, unfortunately, and under the Moscow gloomy sky you will remember Crimea more than once."

Peru, an outstanding scientist, whose merits were noted by many foreign universities and academies of sciences, Honorary President of the Geographical Society of the USSR, Hero of Socialist Labor V.A. Obruchev owns more than a dozen scientific works about the Crimea. He paved the way for further studies of the nature of the Crimean Peninsula and outlined the solution to a number of important scientific problems. Among the numerous toponyms in the vast space from Eurasia to the Pacific Ocean and Antarctica, there are also Crimean places bearing his name. Mineral source discovered by scientists in the valley of the river. Kacha is now called Obruchevsky. One of the largest (up to 30 m high) mud hills of the Kerch hills is the Obruchev hill, which in 1969, according to our opinion, was declared a protected natural monument. In 1984, the name of Academician V.A. Obruchev was entered on the Memorial Tablet installed in Simferopol in honor of the 200th anniversary of the city's name.

Notes (edit)

Unfortunately, the resort never took place, and in 2006 the local residents did not protect the tract itself, which contains a unique mineral spring, from destruction.

History of the exploration of the Crimean Peninsula For centuries, the Crimean peninsula has attracted the attention of travelers, natural scientists and researchers. Back in 1782, Academician V.F.Zuev visited Crimea. Despite his short stay in the Crimea, he notices the general features of the nature of the peninsula and gives a brief description of them in his “Extract from travel notes. relating to the Crimean peninsula ”. In 1783-1784. the nature of the Crimea is studied by the scientist-traveler K. Gablitzl. On the basis of his two-year observations, he makes a general geographic characteristic of Crimea - "Physically description of the Tauride region by its location and in all three kingdoms of nature" with a high assessment of the nature of the Crimea, especially its mountainous part. In 1793 Academician PS Pallas visited Crimea. The nature of the Crimea amazed Pallas. "The Tauride Peninsula," he wrote, "is the most excellent country on the earth's surface in terms of physical geography." For a number of years PS Pallas has been studying the Crimean peninsula with enthusiasm and in his work "Brief physical and topographic write-off of the Tauride region" gives a detailed physical and geographic description of it for that time. From 1806 to 1863, the famous botanist, founder of the Nikitsky Botanical Garden, X. X. Steven, lives in the Crimea and studies its rich flora. He traveled the entire peninsula, analyzed its vegetation cover. In 1856-1857. in the scientific bulletins of the Moscow Society of Naturalists X. X. Steven publishes his main work "The List of Plants Growing Wild on the Crimean Peninsula." Research by V.F. Zuev, K.I. Gablitsl, P. S. Pallas, H. H. Steven, P. I. Keppen and other scientists - pioneers of the study of Crimea laid the foundation for the geographical description of the peninsula. In the 80s and 90s. of the last century, N.A. In the same period, N. A. Sokolov and I. V. Mushketov explored the Sivash and the salt lakes of the peninsula. V. I. Vernadsky at the very end of the last century (1899) studies the mud hills of the Kerch Peninsula, their origin and mineralogy. The geology of the Crimea, in particular the Kerch Peninsula, is being studied by the largest Russian geologist of the late 19th and early 20th centuries N.I. Andrusov. From 1896 to 1912, A. A. Borisyak conducts geological research in the Crimea and compiles, together with N. I. Andrusov and K. K. Fokht, a geological map of the Crimea. Outstanding scientist and traveler V.A.Obruchev opened in 1916. a mineral spring in the valley of the Kachi river and gives an opinion on the possibility of organizing a resort here. Subsequently, he explores the Beshuisky coal deposit. In 1910, the Karadag volcanic region became the subject of research by academician A.P. Pavlov, and then by the Crimean geologist A.F. Sludsky, who headed the team of the Karadag scientific biological station. The karst of the mountainous Crimea has been studied by A.A. Kruber for many years (the beginning of the 20th century). “Within European Russia,” he wrote, “hardly any area offers such fertile ground for acquaintance with karst phenomena as the Crimean Yaila.” During the period under consideration (from the middle of the last century to the October Revolution), meteorological observations are developing in connection with practical demands. On their basis, A.I. Voeikov, A.V. Voznesensky and others give a description of the climate of the Crimea. In 1913, the Crimean Water Prospecting Party of the Department of Land Improvements was created, which played an important role in the study of the hydrogeological features, climate and waters of the peninsula. Under the leadership of the prominent hydrologist DI Kocherin, following the results of these works, a number of volumes of "Materials on water exploration in the Crimea" are published, detailed maps are compiled, and economic recommendations are given, which, however, could be fulfilled only after the October Revolution. The soils of the Crimea in the 70s. the last century continued to remain very little studied. In 1878, during an expedition to various places in European Russia, the great Russian soil scientist V.V.Dokuchaev visited the Crimea and studied its soils. In the second half of the 19th and at the beginning of the 20th century, the original flora and fauna of Crimea attracted special attention of scientists. In the 80s. VN Ageenko studies the vegetation and flora of the Crimea and notes that the settlement of the Crimea with plants took place in different ways. The question of the Crimean flora, its origin and development was dealt with by E.V. Wulf, V.I. Taliev, the largest Russian taxonomist and botanist-geographer N.I. Kuznetsov, and a number of other scientists. In the 70s and 80s. KF Kessler, one of the authoritative Russian zoologists of the second half of the last century, studies the Crimean fauna (mainly vertebrates). In the late 80s and early 90s. A. M. Nikolsky notes the insular character of the Crimean fauna and indicates three ways of its settlement: Caucasian, Balkan and South Russian. At the beginning of the XX century. SI Ognev expresses his opinion about the Balkan-Asia Minor way of settling the Crimea with animals. After the Great October Socialist Revolution, since the 1920s, the study of the natural conditions of the Crimea takes on a large scale. During the Great Patriotic War, the study of the nature of the peninsula was temporarily suspended. Soon after the end of the war, research resumed, moreover, on a wider scale, which was determined by the tasks of restoring the region's economy destroyed by the war and its further accelerated development. Various central scientific institutions and industrial organizations are engaged in the study of the nature of the Crimea, large teams under the leadership of prominent scientists - academician D.I. - Prospecting Institute, All-Union Institute of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, Geological Museum of the USSR Academy of Sciences named after A.P. Karpinsky, Institute of Geological Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR. Geophysical research aimed at elucidating the peculiarities of the geological structure of the Crimea and prospecting for minerals is carried out by the All-Union Institute of Physics of the Earth, the Institute of Geophysics of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, the Krasnodarneftgeofizika trust; Geophysical expedition of the Glavgeologiya of the Ukrainian SSR. The Institute of Zoology of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR studies the paleofauna of the Crimea and recreates the paleogeography of the peninsula. The laboratory of coastal and seabed relief of the Institute of Oceanology of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, the Institute of Geography of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, the Department of Geomorphology of the Kiev University, the Department of Physical Geography of the USSR at Moscow University are involved in the geomorphology of Crimea. Scientists at Leningrad University study mainly individual elements of the Crimean nature: N.K. Horn - relief, A.A. Borisov and I.I. Babkov - climate, R.A.Filenko - inland waters, A.I.Dzens-Litovskiy - certain issues of geology and geomorphology of the Crimea, NN Dzens-Litovskaya - soils and vegetation, NN Pavlova conducts general physical and geographical research. Local Crimean research teams play a significant role in the study of the Crimean nature. In the pre-war years, great efforts were directed to the study of individual components of nature. Since 1925, systematic exploration of the Kerch iron ores begins. Large-scale soil research in Crimea is carried out in the 1920s and 1930s. under the leadership of N. N. Klepinin. In 1929, on the southern coast of Crimea, near the village. Katsiveli, Academician V.V. Shuleikin founded the world's first Marine Hydrophysical Station, which was transformed after the Great Patriotic War into a department of the Marine Hydrophysical Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences. The station studies the thermal balance of the Black Sea, the interaction between sea and land, the emergence and development of storm waves, the Earth's magnetic field. In the post-war period, the role of local scientific institutions and industrial organizations in the study of the nature of the peninsula with a view to the economic use of its natural resources increased. Extensive research is being carried out by the Crimean branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences and the Institute of Mineral Resources of the USSR Academy of Sciences, organized later (in 1956) on its basis. Scientists of these institutions are fruitfully studying geology and minerals, hydrogeology, geomorphology, geochemistry of Sivash and salt lakes, soils. Engineering-geological and hydrogeological research is carried out by the Crimean Geological Expedition of the Dneprogeologiya Trust of the Glavgeologiya of the Ukrainian SSR, the Yalta Landslide and Hydrogeological Station. Trust "Krymneftegazrazvedka" conducts large and successful exploration work for gas and oil. Simferopol seismic station is studying seismotectonics of Crimea. The Crimean Agricultural Institute and the Crimean Hydrometeorological Observatory are conducting agro-climatic observations in order to develop the region's agriculture. Systematic work on the study of soils is carried out by the Regional Department of Agriculture and the Department of Soil Science of the Crimean Agricultural Institute. The vegetation and flora of the Crimea are the subject of study of the Nikitsky Botanical Garden and the Department of Botany of the Crimean Pedagogical Institute. Prof. For many years II Puzanov has been fruitfully investigating the Crimean fauna and its zoogeographic connections. The animal world is being successfully studied by the Department of Zoology of the Crimean Pedagogical Institute. The diverse and rich nature of Crimea is a complex contradictory unity. The Department of Physical Geography of the Crimean Pedagogical Institute seeks to reveal this unity in all its interrelationships and contradictions in its general and industry-specific physical-geographic, landscape works. The use of the natural resources of the Crimea for economic and medical purposes is accompanied by their protection and further reproduction.

The first literary mention of the Crimean caves- Ovid Nazon, 1st century. BC NS.

The first scientific mention of the Crimean caves- K.I. Gablitz, 1785

The first mention of the presence of ice in the caves of Crimea- P. S. Pallas, 1795

The first mention of bats living in Crimean caves- P. S. Pallas, 1811

The first geographical description of the Crimean cave- P. S. Pallas, 1828 (Tuakskaya cave).

HISTORY OF RESEARCH OF THE CRIMEAN PENINSULA OUTSTANDING RESEARCHERS OF THE CRIMEA The presentation was prepared by a teacher of the highest category Parkhomenko G.Yu.

Homer The oldest mention of Crimea in world literature belongs to the legendary ancient Greek poet Homer. Many scholars assume that the action of some episodes from the "Odyssey" took place off the coast of Taurida (Crimea). There, the Cimmerians are a sad region covered with eternally Wet fog and mist of clouds, Never shows the Eye of people the face of the radiant Helios ... These are lines from the Odyssey poem by the ancient Greek poet-narrator Homer, which is scientifically dated from the 9th to the 12th centuries BC. According to legend, Homer was blind. He created the famous poems "Iliad" and "Odyssey"

HERODOTUS The ancient historian Herodotus (490 / 480-425 BC) traveled a lot, collecting information about various regions and, of course, turned to the works of his predecessors. Herodotus, nicknamed in ancient times "the father of history", was the first who gave the most complete description of the Northern Black Sea region and Tavria for those times. Cimmerian Bosporus (Kerch Strait) ".

Evliya Chelebi In the 17th century, for a number of years (from 1641 to 1667), the Turkish traveler Evliya Chelebi (1611-1679 (1682)) lived and took part in campaigns with the Tatars in the Crimea and adjacent regions. Based on the results of his many years of observations and impressions, he wrote almost the only book about medieval Crimea - "Seyakhatnam", "Travel Book". However, for many years it remained unknown to European researchers. It so happened that the final IX-XI volumes of this multibook were printed in Latin only in 1938, and their translations in Russian appeared only in recent years. The work of Evliya Chelebi is a kind of eyewitness chronicle, a source of important information about the history and population of the peninsula, the military campaigns of the Crimean Tatars and the natural conditions of Crimea before its inclusion in Russia

PETER SIMON PALACE Naturalist, geographer and tireless traveler, doctor of medicine, member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, actual state councilor Peter Semyonovich Pallas lived in Crimea for 15 years. Pallas called our peninsula "wonderful", having fallen in love with it from the very first visit. In his home in Simferopol on the banks of the Salgir River, Pallas collected a rich collection of minerals, hundreds of samples of the flora and fauna of the peninsula. Not a single eminent guest of the city passed by his abode. Having settled in his Simferopol estate, named after his wife "Karolinovka", the scientist often went on foot not only to the near, but also to remote corners of the foothills, the South Coast, the Main Crimean ridge, the Kerch hills and the plain Crimea. The scientist not only gave recommendations, but also actively participated in the economic development of the Crimea: in 1798 he founded the oldest arboretum in the Crimea "Salgirka" in Simferopol - on the territory of the current botanical garden of the Taurida National University named after V. Vernadsky. He also planted extensive vineyards in the Sudak Valley, on the South Coast and in the foothills. To justify the use of local resources, Pallas described twenty-four indigenous grape varieties and many southern fruit varieties.

VLADIMIR IVANOVICH VERNADSKY A significant part of the scientific work of the world famous scientist - geologist and geographer Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky - was directed to the Crimea. The period of direct study of the natural resources of the peninsula V.I. Vernadsky lasted less - about 30 years, from 1893 to 1921. During this time, he made seven voyages to the Crimea (1893, 1898, 1899, 1912, 1914, 1916 and 1920-1921). Being closely connected with the Crimea by scientific interests, he not only came here occasionally, but deeply studied the natural resources of this region, made discoveries here. While living in Simferopol, Vernadsky traveled a lot with his colleagues in Crimea. His scientific interest was then aroused by both inanimate and wildlife: from mineralogy and petrography of the Eskiorda region (now the village of Lozovoe) to the Beshuisky coal deposit, keel and plant groups of the Crimean foothills. In 1920, the academician was elected chairman of the Commission for the Study of the Natural Productive Forces of Crimea (a prototype of an academic institution on the peninsula), which, in the difficult conditions of the Civil War, tried to ensure the development of fundamental and applied research on the natural resources of the region. Vladimir Ivanovich very fruitfully worked as a professor at the Department of Geology, conducted scientific research, was elected rector of the Tavrichesky University. A group of young researchers rallied around him, forming the Crimean scientific school of the academician.

Vasily Vasilievich Dokuchaev Vasily Vasilievich Dokuchaev is a Russian natural scientist, the founder of modern scientific soil science and comprehensive research of nature. In Crimea V.V. Dokuchaev arrived in the summer of 1878. It was during this period that he accumulated scientific material for his now world-famous work "Russian Chernozem". Labor, which laid the foundation for a completely new science - soil science. In 1895 V.V. Dokuchaev visited Crimea for the second time, again crossed all its soil zones. The Crimean expedition and, in particular, the study of the "Simferopol type" chernozems helped V.V. Dokuchaev to substantiate his view on the origin of chernozems and other soils. It is important to note that in Crimea V.V.Dokuchaev studied not only soils, but also other components of the geographic environment. He divided the entire peninsula into three strips and gave them a brief natural and geographical description. One of the villages of the lowland Crimea, where the great soil scientist conducted research, is now called Dokuchaevo.

NIKOLAY ALEKSEEVICH GOLOVKINSKY Name of Professor H.A. Golovkinsky, a tireless explorer of the country's natural resources, rightfully entered the history of geological and geographical sciences.The path of the scientist to the Crimea lay not only through scientific interests and routes, but much earlier - through his participation in the Crimean War of 1853-1856, when he, interrupting his studies at the university, he volunteered to defend Sevastopol. He, in particular, took a fight in the famous Kadykoy battle and was awarded a bronze medal on the Andreevskaya ribbon for participating in the Crimean War. H.A. Golovkinsky repeatedly traveled all over the Crimea, for more than ten years painstakingly delved into the complex problems of hydrogeology, worked out the problems of water supply to the peninsula. It is no coincidence that he was called one of the best specialists in the geology of Crimea in Russia. H.A. Golovkinsky has done a lot to find and preserve water resources in the Crimea, and organize their correct use. The scientist paid particular attention to the studies of the Plain Crimea, where he discovered significant reserves of artesian waters. He substantiated the expediency of creating a network of hydrogeological stations in the Crimea and took part in the organization of such a first in Russia "artesian observatory" in Saki. Based on numerous travels H.A. Golovkinsky prepared and published a meaningful guide to the Crimea (1889, 1894). In his Crimean writings, one can find many interesting guesses and assumptions, later confirmed by detailed studies. An interesting natural site is a waterfall described by H.A. Golovkinsky on the river. Uzenbash, in the upper reaches of the river. Uluzen Alushtinsky (1893). Now the waterfall is named after Golovkinsky.

CHRISTIAN CHRISTIANOVICH STEVEN Christian Khristianovich Steven is a famous Russian botanist of Swedish origin, taxonomist, doctor of medicine, gardener and entomologist, founder and first director of the Nikitsky Botanical Garden in Crimea. Since 1849 he has been an honorary member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, since 1849 - Corresponding Member. Steven described 1,654 species of Crimean plants. Almost two centuries have passed since the founding of the Nikitsky Botanical Garden - now the National Scientific Center. Now in its parks there are over 30 thousand species, varieties and forms of plants collected from all parts of the world. On its basis, such well-known scientific institutions as the Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking "Magarach" and the Institute of Essential Oil Cultures arose. H.H. Steven left to science 14 richest floristic works about the Crimea. However, the scientist's activities were not limited to botany and gardening. He organized regular meteorological observations. Taking care of the Crimean water resources necessary for the economic development of the peninsula, in 1846 he was the first to propose a project for the supply of Dnieper waters through a canal to the Crimea.

NIKOLAI PETROVICH KRASNOV Nikolai Petrovich Krasnov is a unique figure, outstanding for his time. He is a talented Russian architect at the turn of the 19th - 20th centuries. century, author of projects and builder of palaces and villas of the South Coast, hotels, shopping malls, temples and public buildings in the Crimea. The architect was able to combine various styles in his work: neo-Renaissance, oriental, Romanesque, gothic, modern, etc. N. P. Krasnov is known to everyone as the author of the Livadia Palace, "Dyulber", "Kharasks" and Yusupov palaces on the South Coast, wonderful temples of Yalta and other famous buildings. The son of an ordinary peasant from the village of Khonyatino, Moscow province, 12-year-old Nikolai makes his own way into life, enters the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture. After studying for about 10 years at the department of "Architecture" and having finished it with a silver medal, NP Krasnov went to the Crimea in the spring of 1887. At the age of 23, he became the Yalta city architect. Nikolai Petrovich worked in Crimea for about 30 years, became an Architect of the Imperial Court of His Imperial Majesty, an academician of the Russian Academy of Arts. And on February 9, 1917, the architect was awarded the title of actual state councilor. For all his merits, in the 20s of the twentieth century, the architect was forced to emigrate abroad and continue his activities in Belgrade, where he created a number of palaces, religious and public buildings.

Alexander Evgenievich Fersman, student and friend of V. I. Vernadsky, is a tireless seeker and explorer of the mineral wealth of our homeland. With his active participation, the domestic industry of rare metals and non-metallic minerals was created. Together with his teacher, he was the founder of a new science - geochemistry, he developed new physicochemical ideas about the essence of mineral formation processes and their energy basis. A.E. Fersman was a brilliant propagandist and popularizer of his science, his name is known not only to scientists, but also to a wide range of students, teachers and lovers of natural science. He was a passionate mineralogist. He himself said that his life is a love story for a stone. A.E. Fersman was the organizer and inspirer of mass local history in our country. In his writings he called to raise a wave of interest and love for the wonderful Crimean nature, expressed his thoughts about the transformation of Crimea into the richest Museum of Nature, into a source of new ideas and ... new love for Taurida Alexander Evgenievich Fersman

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HISTORY OF RESEARCH OF THE CRIMEAN PENINSULA OUTSTANDING RESEARCHERS OF THE CRIMEA The presentation was prepared by a teacher of the highest category Parkhomenko G.Yu.

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Homer The oldest mention of Crimea in world literature belongs to the legendary ancient Greek poet Homer. Many scholars assume that the action of some episodes from the "Odyssey" took place off the coast of Taurida (Crimea). There, the Cimmerians are a sad region covered with eternally Wet fog and mist of clouds, Never shows the Eye of people the face of the radiant Helios ... These are lines from the poem "Odyssey" by the ancient Greek poet-narrator Homer, which is scientifically dated from the 9th to the 12th centuries BC. According to legend, Homer was blind. He created the famous poems "Iliad" and "Odyssey"

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HERODOTUS The ancient historian Herodotus (490 / 480-425 BC) traveled a lot, collecting information about various regions and, of course, turned to the works of his predecessors. Herodotus, nicknamed in ancient times "the father of history", was the first to give the most complete description of the Northern Black Sea region and Tavria for those times "And now there are Cimmerian fortifications and Cimmerian ferries in the Scythian land; there is also a region called Cimmeria and the so-called Cimmerian Bosporus (Kerch Strait). "

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Alexander Evgenievich Fersman, student and friend of V. I. Vernadsky, is a tireless seeker and explorer of the mineral wealth of our homeland. With his active participation, the domestic industry of rare metals and non-metallic minerals was created. Together with his teacher, he was the founder of a new science - geochemistry; he developed new physicochemical concepts of the essence of mineral formation processes and their energetic basis. A.E. Fersman was a brilliant propagandist and popularizer of his science, his name is known not only to scientists, but also to a wide range of students, teachers and lovers of natural science. He was a passionate mineralogist. He himself said that his life is a love story for a stone. A.E. Fersman was the organizer and inspirer of mass local history in our country. In his writings he called for "to raise a wave of interest and love for the wonderful Crimean nature", expressed his thoughts about the transformation of Crimea into "the richest Museum of Nature, into a source of new ideas and ... new love for Taurida" Alexander Evgenievich Fersman

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Securing the material: "Photo puzzle"

Slide 1. Russian botanist of Swedish origin, doctor of medicine, gardener and entomologist, founder and first director of the Nikitsky Botanical Garden in Crimea (H.H. Steven) - No. 3

Slide 1. Lived in Kerch, studied the geological stratigraphy of the Eastern Crimea, Russian geologist, stratigrapher, mineralogist, paleontologist (Nikolay Ivanovich Andrusov) - No. 1

Slide 2. Was a professor and in 1920-1921 the rector of the Taurida University in Simferopol, created the doctrine of the biosphere and noosphere (V.I.Vernadsky) - No. 2

Slide 2. Soviet botanist, florist and biogeographer, worked in the Nikitsky Botanical Garden (1914-1926), one of the best experts on the Crimean flora (Wulf Evgeniy Vladimirovich) № 1

Slide 3. Mineralogy and geochemistry made his first discoveries in the laboratory of his uncle A.E. Kessler near Simferopol, later he called Crimea his “first university "(Alex.Evg.Fersman) - No. 1

Slide 3. In southern Russia and Crimea, he studied climatology, geology, biology and ethnography, surveyed almost the entire southern coast of the peninsula (Simon Peter Pallas) - No. 3

Slide 4. In the first period of the war, he developed a method for demagnetizing ships of the Black Sea Fleet to protect against magnetic sea mines (Igor Vasilievich Kurchatov) -№ 3

Slide 4. Russian geologist, paleontologist, geomorphologist, geographer, in 1918-1919 - professor of the Taurida University in Simferopol (Vladimir Afanasevich Obruchev) - No. 2

Slide 5. German and Russian scientist-encyclopedist, naturalist, geographer and traveler of the 18th-19th centuries, since 1784 vice-governor of the Tauride province (Karl Ivanovich Gablitz) - No. 1

Slide 5. Under the influence of the scientist, the Crimean Nature Reserve was created in Crimea - the first Russian "natural monument", created the doctrine of the forest (Georgy Fedorovich Morozov ) - № 2

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"Crimean scientists"

Vernadsky Vladimir Ivanovich

1863-1945

The range of interests of the scientist included many sciences: geology, soil science, crystallography, mineralogy, geochemistry, radiogeology, biology, paleontology, biogeochemistry, meteorics, philosophy and history.
He was a laureate of the Stalin Prize of the first degree (1943).
Was a professor and in 1920-1921 the rector of the Tavrichesky University in Simferopol.
The doctrine of the biosphere and noosphere

Steven Christian Christianovich

1781-1863

R Usky botanist of Swedish origin, doctor of medicine, gardener and entomologist, founder and first director of the Nikitsky Botanical Garden in Crimea.

Since 1849, an honorary member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences.

At the beginning of 1806 he was approved in his post and soon left for the Crimea.
Here he spent some time with Pallas, who lived in Sudak, and then settled near Simferopol.

Alexander Evgenievich Fersman

1883-1945

Fersman made his first steps in mineralogy and geochemistry in the laboratory of his uncle A.E. Kessler near Simferopol. The famous scientist later called Crimea his "first university".
A rocky hill in the Salgira valley, southeast of Simferopol, is a favorite pastime of little Fersman.
The first find is a vein of rock crystal in gray-green diabase rocks. The first success is followed by more and more new finds. “For many years in a row our little mountain near Simferopol has occupied us,” Academician AE Fersman later wrote about his childhood and adolescence.

Small excursions for the stone gave way to long hikes and trips across the Crimea: to the outcrops of volcanic rocks near Cape Fiolent near Balaklava, to the ancient volcano Kara-Dag near Koktebel, to Mount Kastel near Alushta, to Feodosia, Kerch, Evpatoria, Saki.

Kurchatov Igor Vasilievich

1902-1960

In 1912, the Kurchatov family moved to Simferopol. Since August 24, 1912, with excellent behavior, he studied at the Simferopol male provincial government gymnasium.
In the summer of 1924 he worked at the hydrometeorological center in Feodosia.
In the first period of the war, he developed a method for demagnetizing ships to protect against magnetic sea mines. 1941 - Kurchatov arrives in Sevastopol and organizes the demagnetization of ships of the Black Sea Fleet.
Organizer of work on the creation of atomic reactors and atomic bombs.
Hero of Socialist Labor, prize in the amount of 500,000 rubles, the title of laureate of the Stalin Prize of the first degree.

Andrusov Nikolay Ivanovich

1861-1924

Russian geologist, stratigrapher, mineralogist, paleontologist.
He studied at the Kerch Alexander gymnasium in 1871-1880, where he developed an interest in geology. NI Andrusov, who lived in Kerch, studied the geological stratigraphy of the Eastern Crimea.
NI Andrusov, who lived in Kerch, studied the geological stratigraphy of the Eastern Crimea.
1918-1920 - professor at the Taurida University.
The village of Andrusovo in the Crimea.
Mud volcano Andrusov on the Bulganak volcano field on the Kerch Peninsula.
Underwater mud volcano Andrusov at the bottom of the Black Sea.
Terraces of Andrusov in the vicinity of the city of Sudak. Submarine Andrusov Ridge in the Black Sea south of the Crimean Peninsula.
Karst cavity of Anrusov on Yaila.
Geological outcrops of Andrusov in Kamysh-Burun.

Wulf Evgeny Vladimirovich

1885-1941

Soviet botanist, florist and biogeographer, specialist in the field of historical plant geography.
He worked in the Nikitsky Botanical Garden near Yalta (1914-1926), one of the best connoisseurs of the Crimean flora.
1921-1926 - Professor of the Tavrichesky University.
Since 1926 - at the All-Union Institute of Plant Industry.
Since 1934 - Professor of the Leningrad Pedagogical Institute named after M. N. Pokrovsky.

Gablitz Karl-Ludwig Ivanovich

1752-1821

German and Russian scientist-encyclopedist, naturalist, geographer and traveler of the XVIII-XIX centuries.
Since 1776 - Corresponding Member, since 1796 - Honorary Member of the St. Petersburg Academy.
After the annexation of Crimea to Russia on February 8, 1784, he was appointed vice-governor of the Tauride province.
In 1786, Prince G.A.Potyomkin awarded Gablits with estates near Sudak.

Morozov Georgy Fedorovich

1867-1920

Under in efflorescence m G.F. Morozova in Crimea was Krymsk was created ui reserve - the first th Russian th "Natural monument".
Professor of the Taurida National University from 1918 to 1920.
Have worked at the pomological station in Simferopol (now the Botanical Garden of TNU),
G.F. Morozov died in Simferopol on May 9, 1920.
Buried in Salgirka Park.

Pallas Peter Simon

1741-1811

In 1793-1794. committed on

personal travel funds

to the southern provinces of Russia - from

Petersburg in the Volga region,

Astrakhan, Caspian

lowland, to the North

Caucasus, Crimea and Ukraine.

In the south of Russia and in the Crimea, he

studied climatology,

geology, biology and

ethnography

In 1796 Pallas was

sent to Simferopol,

where did the empress come

him a vast estate and house.

Having settled in Crimea, Pallas

examined almost all of the South

coast of the peninsula.

Obruchev Vladimir Afanasevich

1863-1956

Russian geologist, paleontologist, geomorphologist, geographer, prose writer and science fiction writer.

Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences - 1929.

Hero of Socialist Labor - 1945.

Winner of two Stalin Prizes

First degree (1941 and 1950).

1918-1919 - professor at the Taurida University in Simferopol.

Mud volcano on the Kerch Peninsula.

Each of us has an inalienable right to love our native land and to assert that there is no land more blessed and unique.
Crimea is an amazing place that aroused admiration among everyone who visited it.
And the Crimea is glorified and glorified not only by scientists, writers, poets and artists.
Much depends on you and me! Love, cherish and glorify your native land !!!

Presentation on Crimean studies "History of the Crimean Peninsula Research". Crimean studies presentation history of the Crimean peninsula research

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"Crimean scientists"