Continuity with the school within the framework of the Federal State Educational Standard. Continuity between dhow and school
On the issue of continuity in the work of preschool educational institutions and primary schools in preparing children of senior preschool age for schooling
Admission to school- a turning point in the life of every child. The beginning of schooling radically changes his entire lifestyle, presenting the child with new rules and requirements. Which you need to adapt and get used to.It should be emphasized that the problem of a child’s readiness for school has always been relevant. Currently, the relevance of the problem is determined by many factors. Modern research shows that 30-40% of children enter the first grade of a public school unprepared for learning, that is, they have insufficiently developed the following components of readiness: social, psychological, emotional-volitional. The successful solution of problems in the development of a child’s personality, increasing the effectiveness of learning, and favorable professional development are largely determined by how accurately the level of readiness of children for schooling is taken into account.
As is known, research into the issues of preparing children for school was launched under the leadership of A.V. Zaporozhets and D.B. Elkonina. They fought for the preservation of childhood for children, maximum use of the opportunities of the preschool period, and a painless transition to schooling. In the domestic literature there are many works devoted to the study of the problem of preparing children for schooling (L.S. Vygotsky, V.V. Davydov, R.Ya. Guzman, V.V. Rubtsov, G.A. Tsukerman, E.E. Kravtsova, U.V. Ulienkova, etc.). They emphasize that preparing children for school is a multifaceted task, covering all areas of a child’s life. The most important aspect of readiness for schooling, according to a number of scientists, is the level of comprehensive development of the child, the ability to accept the system of requirements imposed by the school and the teacher.
Of course, a child’s entry into school is a turning point in his life, in the formation of his personality. And we agree with the point of view of such scientific teachers and psychologists as E.I. Tikheeva, R.S. Bure, G.G. Petrochenko, Sh.A. Amonashvili, L.S. Vygotsky, A.V. Zaporozhets, L. E. Zhurova and others, who noted that with the transition to systematic education at school, preschool childhood ends and the period of school age begins.
The formation of the qualities necessary for a future schoolchild can only be ensured by a system of pedagogical interactions between kindergarten, primary school and family. This is due to the Law of the Russian Federation “On Education in the Russian Federation” and the Federal State Educational Standard for Preschool Education.
In the process of kindergarten activities, several areas of activity can be distinguished. One of them is the organization of interaction between a preschool organization, an elementary school and a family at the stage of preparing children of senior preschool age for school.
An analysis of the scientific literature allows us to talk about three key lines of work in preparing a preschool child for primary school:
general development of a preschool child. By the time a child moves from a preschool educational organization to a primary school, the child must achieve a certain level of development of memory, attention and intelligence;
formation of self-management skills. Characterizing a child of preschool age, one can note that he has a vivid perception, unstable, easily switching attention, and the presence of good memory, but a child of older preschool age cannot yet control these processes to the proper extent. The peculiarity is that the event that aroused the child’s interest can be remembered in detail. At the same time, the child is absolutely unable to concentrate on what does not arouse his immediate interest. And the presence of this skill is necessary for the child by the time he enters school. It is important that the child develops the ability to behave not as he wants, but as he should behave in a specific situation;
formation of motives necessary for further learning. In kindergarten, it is necessary to form that deep, real, deep motivation that will act as a motivating force for the acquisition of new knowledge. The formation of learning motives and a positive attitude towards school is the most important task facing a preschool educational organization in preparing children for school.
All activities of the teaching staff aimed at developing a positive attitude towards school in preschool children, provides for the solution of three key tasks:
1. formation in children of correct ideas about school and learning;
2. formation of a positive emotional attitude towards school;
3. formation of experience in educational activities.
The relationship between a preschool educational organization and a primary educational organization is determined primarily by the needs of the child. This idea is reflected in modern legal documentation. Thus, the Concept of Lifelong Education notes that continuity in the activities of preschool educational institutions and primary schools should become one of the promising areas of activity. Continuity must be traced at the following levels:
- goals;
- tasks;
- principles of selection of educational content.
Among other things, the psychological and pedagogical conditions that should form the basis for the process of implementing lifelong education at the stages of childhood must be clearly defined.
One of the key areas of interrelated activities should be the establishment of real psychological and pedagogical support for the process of a child’s transition from preschool to primary school. This will allow us to overcome not only existing problems, but also to work to ensure that they do not arise in the future.
A preschool educational organization and an elementary school must draw up a single plan that includes activities in two key areas: joint work between a kindergarten teacher and an elementary school teacher, as well as introducing preschool children to elementary school.
As part of the second area of activity - introducing children to school - the kindergarten teacher should schedule a group of children to visit the elementary school where they are most likely to study. It is best to conduct the first excursion on Knowledge Day, September 1, so that older preschoolers can feel the solemnity of the moment and get vivid emotions from their first meeting with school. After visiting the school, you should discuss what you saw with the children and talk about what they will see next year.
You can also visit the school gym with your children during a physical education lesson and invite the children to observe the students. The next step could be to conduct physical education classes in an elementary school setting.
At the end of the school year, the teacher can talk about the school, talking about plans for their first year at school.
It should be noted that there should not be too many such events, so as not to kill the child’s interest in school. On the contrary, they should maintain the child’s interest, leaving the opportunity to learn something more interesting later. But at the same time, it is necessary to ensure that the child is not afraid of school, does not experience fear and anxiety.
The specifics of planning educational work in kindergarten and primary school should also be known to the educator and primary school teacher. This will make it possible to plan and subsequently determine the level of development that the child needs to achieve by the end of the preschool period in order to move on and successfully adapt to primary school without any special difficulties.
A teacher’s visit to lessons at school, and a teacher’s visit to classes in a kindergarten allows you to get acquainted with the environment and organization of a child’s life and education, exchange experiences, and find optimal methods, techniques and forms of work. Analyzing open lessons, kindergarten teachers can advise using certain game techniques and various types of visual aids to maintain children’s interest. This will also contribute to the organization of finer educational and methodological continuity between the two educational organizations. In addition, such meetings can serve as an excellent occasion for exchanging information about pedagogical innovations in the field of raising and teaching children.
Thus, in the process of joint analysis of the results obtained, teachers can determine the most effective forms and methods of work, and reach mutual agreements on new fruitful forms of cooperation. Teachers, establishing interpersonal communication in the future, can help each other by passing on information about the personal characteristics of a particular child, the characteristics of his character, temperament, state of health, etc. This will allow teachers to choose those forms of work that will give the greatest possible effect when working with a particular child. Based on this, teachers will also be able to jointly develop programs, forms and methods of working with families whose children have some difficulties in adapting to school conditions.
Forms of succession:
1. Working with children:
school excursions;
visiting the school museum, library;
acquaintance and interaction of preschoolers with teachers and primary school students;
participation in joint educational activities, game programs;
exhibitions of drawings and crafts;
meetings and conversations with former kindergarten students (primary and secondary school students);
joint holidays (Knowledge Day, initiation into first-graders, kindergarten graduation, etc.) and sports competitions for preschoolers and first-graders;
participation in theatrical activities;
preschoolers attending an adaptation course of classes organized at the school (classes with a psychologist, speech therapist, music director and other school specialists).
2. Interaction between teachers:
joint pedagogical councils (preschool and school);
seminars, master classes;
round tables of preschool teachers and school teachers;
psychological and communication trainings for educators and teachers;
conducting diagnostics to determine children's readiness for school;
interaction between medical workers, preschool and school psychologists;
open demonstrations of educational activities in preschool educational institutions and open lessons at school;
pedagogical and psychological observations.
3. Cooperation with parents:
joint parent meetings with preschool teachers and school teachers;
round tables, discussion meetings, pedagogical “living rooms”;
parent conferences, question and answer evenings;
consultations with preschool and school teachers;
meetings of parents with future teachers;
open days;
creative workshops;
questionnaires, testing of parents to study the well-being of the family in anticipation of the child’s school life and during the period of adaptation to school;
educational and gaming trainings and workshops for parents of preschool children, business games, workshops;
family evenings, themed leisure activities;
visual means of communication (poster material, exhibitions, question and answer mailbox, etc.);
meetings of parent clubs (classes for parents and for child-parent couples).
The key figure in ensuring the continuity of the work of preschool educational institutions and primary schools are the teachers of these educational organizations. The presence of a relationship between them and a desire to help each other will be the key to the child’s successful adaptation to the conditions of elementary school.
Thus, primary school and preschool education are the first stages of the education system in the Russian Federation. Each of these degrees solves its own problems, but they are united by a common desire to provide high-quality psychological and pedagogical support for the child, allowing not only to overcome the difficulties that arise, but also to ensure their prevention.
Specialists from other fields of knowledge should come to the aid of teachers: medical workers, psychology, and of course the family. As the main institution of child socialization. The multifaceted nature of the problem of continuity between kindergarten and school requires constructive dialogue between all interested social and administrative groups and structures.
List of used literature:
1. Alieva, N.F. Pedagogical conditions for the formation of children’s readiness for school [Text]: dis. ... candidate of pedagogical sciences / N.F. Alieva. – Ekaterinburg, 1994. – 230 p.
2. Vinogradova, N.F. is your child ready for school? Advice from a teacher and psychologist [Text] / N.F. Vinogradova, L.E. Shurov. – M.: Education, 1992. – 16 p.
3. Gello, V.A. Raising a positive attitude towards school in older preschool children [Text] // Questions of mental education of preschool children: collection of articles. tr. – M. 1989. - P. 20-28.
4. Readiness for school [Text] / ed. I.V. Dubrovina. – M.: Education, 1995. – 119 p.
5. Paramonova, L.A. Preschool institution and primary school: the problem of continuity [Text] / L.A. Paramonova, T.I. Alieva, A. Arushanova // Preschool education. – 1997. -No. 4. – P. 97-105.
The continuity of preschool educational institutions and schools is a special, complex connection. It implies a transition from one stage of education to another, which is carried out with the preservation and subsequent gradual change of content, methods, forms, as well as technologies of education and training.
Specifics
The continuity of preschool educational institutions and schools is carried out according to certain principles. Compliance with them is extremely important, because we are talking about a process aimed at preserving the values of childhood in young students and the parallel formation of fundamental personal qualities.
Nowadays, questions related to this topic are especially relevant. Since more modern, amended state requirements (FSES) are now being imposed. They must necessarily correspond to continuity between the preschool educational institution and the school.
The Federal State Educational Standard of our time focuses not on the intellectual readiness of children to receive primary and secondary education, but on the personal one. It is determined by the child’s ability to take on a new role as a student. If he is ready to move to a new, qualitatively higher stage of his development, it means that he has already formed the so-called internal position of a schoolchild. It is easy to determine the presence of this “rod”. If a child experiences a conscious desire to learn, to learn something new, he has it.
Preparation for school
This is the main task of every preschool educational institution. The main goal of each providing institution is to prepare their students for entering school. Teachers are obliged to provide children with equal starting opportunities for subsequent education. This is spelled out in the Federal State Educational Standard. Kindergarten should influence the initial formation of the child’s personality and give him skills that will help him master school programs with relative ease in the future.
This is usually achieved by introducing preschool education models, which in their specificity are very similar to programs implemented in grades 1-2. And this is no coincidence. After all, the continuity of preschool educational institutions and schools is a continuous process of development, education and upbringing of a child. Children, coming from kindergarten to first grade, should not feel a sharp change in the so-called microclimate and the requirements placed on them. However, pupils of good preschool educational institutions and their parents do not face such a problem. Because in modern children's classrooms, teachers are engaged in creating the prerequisites for educational activities in children.
Development process
Considering the problem affecting the continuity of preschool educational institutions and schools, one cannot fail to note how exactly children are comprehensively prepared for their further education.
Highly qualified kindergarten teachers pay the most attention to the development of the child’s activity and intellectual development. Mostly productive teaching methods are used: knowledge is not transferred in a ready-made form, students master it themselves, in the process of activities organized by the teacher. This not only teaches them to think, reflect and obtain information, but also develops communication skills. The ability to communicate, build a dialogue, express your guesses and justify them are some of the most important
Also, preschool teachers devote a lot of time to developing children’s attention, memory, visual-effective, logical and figurative thinking. In the future, this will help them more easily master the methods of comparison, analysis, generalization and synthesis.
In addition to the above, the program of continuity between preschool educational institutions and schools necessarily includes classes on developing learning motives in children. At an early stage, future students must realize that studying is an important, socially significant matter. The teacher is obliged to help them see the need for education. This is usually done by awakening their interest in certain subjects and in acquiring knowledge in general. This not only creates children’s desire to go to school, but also develops curiosity and mental activity.
Cooperation between institutions
The continuity of preschool educational institutions and schools under the conditions of the Federal State Educational Standard is impossible without the cooperation of educational institutions. Typically, their points of contact are based on three main directions.
The first is to agree on the objectives and goals of succession. The second direction involves the selection of educational content for children. It necessarily takes into account the principles of continuity of education and the psychological and pedagogical conditions for their implementation in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard. The third aspect, in turn, is to enrich the organizational methods and forms of education both in preschool educational institutions and at school.
This interconnection of institutions is very important. The continuity of preschool educational institutions and primary schools can be carried out in various forms. One of the most popular ways is to conduct excursions for kindergarten students. Future students get the opportunity to plunge into the school atmosphere, sit at their desks, get acquainted with the library, sports and assembly halls, canteen, and labor rooms. But what brings them the most impressions and joy is visiting “lines” on the occasion of Knowledge Day.
In addition, the succession plan between the preschool educational institution and the school implies cooperation between educators and teachers. It is useful for teachers to attend each other's open lessons. Indeed, in their process, not only aspects of continuity are established, but also uniform requirements for kindergarten graduates are determined.
Goals
The main task of succession is to implement a single line of development of the child. The process begins in kindergarten, after which it continues in primary school.
Preschool teachers face several main tasks. They will have to introduce pupils to the values of a healthy lifestyle, as well as ensure their emotional well-being, contributing to the development of their positive sense of self. Preschool teachers are also required to develop in children curiosity, initiative, arbitrariness and the ability for creative self-expression.
It is also important to make the process of developing knowledge about the world around us and stimulating gaming, cognitive and communicative activity as fruitful as possible. And, of course, educators are obliged to contribute to the development of competence in children in relation to themselves, to the world and to other people. Already at the stage of preschool education, future schoolchildren should learn the basics of cooperation with adults and peers.
In the future, teachers of the educational institution work with children in the same directions. This is where the continuity between preschool educational institutions and primary schools is manifested. Children already consciously accept the values of a healthy lifestyle and begin to make their first attempts to regulate their behavior in accordance with them. Teachers help realize their willingness to actively interact with the world around them, their ability and desire to learn and improve. The improvement and development of such qualities as independence and initiative continues. And all this, of course, is accompanied by the provision of knowledge on the subjects studied and the established educational program.
Other methods of implementing continuity
There are quite a lot of them, as mentioned above. But if you attend a seminar on the continuity of preschool educational institutions and schools, you can understand that the best forms of its implementation relate to working with children. In addition to excursions to an educational institution, it helps to introduce pupils to its teachers and students. Children also attend adaptation courses, which are organized at the school. They are usually carried out by psychologists, speech therapists, social workers, music directors, etc.
Thematic exhibitions of crafts and drawings are also often organized. The process of creating them not only develops creativity and imagination, but also inspires students to fantasize about their school future. The same can be said about the organization of performances and thematic scenes.
It is also extremely important. Without it, continuity in the work of preschool educational institutions and schools is not possible. After all, it is parents who know the characteristics of their child, which can greatly help educators in the process of organizing the educational process. That is why meetings are held in which parents, kindergarten teachers and school teachers take part. Question and answer evenings, conferences, and open days are often organized. Testing and questionnaires for parents are practiced, helping to study the well-being of the family in anticipation of their child’s school future.
Physical training
This is the most important aspect, which includes the continuity of the preschool educational institution and the school. The Federal State Educational Standard and Article 29 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child say that the education of children must be aimed at strengthening their health and developing physical abilities to the maximum extent. And this is really important. Today, the health status of the younger generation is one of the most pressing issues in society and the state. According to statistics from the Research Institute of Hygiene and Health Protection, over the past few years the number of physically disabled children has decreased by 5 times.
In this context, the principle of continuity is implemented in the creation of an environment that is favorable for the socio-psychological, emotional, mental and physical development of health. One of the most important tasks of preschool educational institutions is to develop the sports capabilities of children. Pupils entering first grade are required to have basic physical fitness and also be able to perform basic movements (climb, jump, run, squat, etc.). Teachers should instill in children a basic understanding of physical education activities. Otherwise, after entering school, it will be difficult for students to cope with the demands of the sports program.
Emotional development
Without it, continuity in the work of preschool educational institutions and schools is also impossible. Everyone knows how important aesthetic, ethical and cultural development is. Without it, it is impossible to become a moral person with values. From an early age, children should receive ideas about themselves, their family and its importance, about society and the state, nature and the world. Preschool teachers should familiarize them with traditions, customs, and holidays. It is important to convey to them the meaning of family responsibilities, as well as such concepts as mutual respect, mutual assistance, love, mercy.
Also, educators should contribute to the development of creative abilities, which will actively continue at school. Music, choreography, visual arts, and poetry classes are required. It is in these types of activities that the child begins to develop his own ideas and plans, which he subsequently realizes in stories, drawings, movements, and songs. In addition, creativity helps to express oneself even at the age of 5-6 years.
Problems
The most important conditions for the continuity of preschool educational institutions and schools were listed above. I would also like to note some problems that arise during the implementation of the mentioned program.
The main one is the imposition of excessive demands on children. Educators and parents want to see them reading, being able to solve problems, write stories, draw, sing, dance, etc. The desire to teach all of the above turns going to kindergarten into a real job for kids.
Moreover, many preschool educational institutions, to please parents, begin to follow the program of primary rather than preschool education. But only non-professionals do this. Real, highly qualified teachers implement a program that is appropriate for the age and development of children. And they are able to convey to parents the need for this. Children should be taught what they are able to learn due to their age and skills. Only in this case will it be beneficial.
What should a kindergarten graduate be like?
This is also worth talking about briefly. As can already be understood, continuity with a school in a preschool educational institution is a complex and multifaceted process. Everything that it includes is aimed at the development of the child. It is not surprising that there is a standard “portrait” of a kindergarten graduate.
A child completing preschool education must be physically and intellectually developed. He must have basic cultural and hygienic skills and experience the need for physical activity, which is normal for this age. He must be curious, interested in the unknown, ask adults questions, and love to experiment.
The child is also emotional and responsive, knows how to empathize, appreciates musical and artistic works at his own level, and is interested in the natural world and animals. And, of course, a kindergarten graduate must master the means of verbal and nonverbal communication. Constructing dialogues does not cause him problems, and he also knows how to negotiate and interact. He is also quite balanced and knows how to control his behavior.
If the child corresponds to this description, it means that he is completely ready to enter school, and getting used to the new environment and regime will not cause him any special problems. The adaptation process will go smoothly thanks to the succession program.
Tatyana Alekseeva
Continuity of kindergarten and school within the framework of the implementation of the Federal State Educational Standard
Continuity of kindergarten and school within the framework of the implementation of the Federal State Educational Standard
Introduction and adoption of new Federal State Educational Standards (Federal State Educational Standard) preschool education is an important stage continuity of activities of kindergarten and school. The introduction of education standards approved at the state level significantly contributes to ensuring continuity and prospects for improving the quality of education in the entire system.
Child transition- preschooler to school educational environment is his transition to a different cultural space, to a different age category and social situation of development. Ensuring the success of this transition is a problem of united efforts of workers kindergarten and primary school.
Requirements Federal State Educational Standard DOs for the results of mastering the main educational program are presented in the form of targets preschool education. Towards targets preschool education includes the following social and psychological characteristics of the child’s personality at the completion stage preschool education:
The child shows initiative and independence in various activities.
The child is confident in his abilities, open to the outside world, has a positive attitude towards himself and others, and has a sense of self-esteem. Actively interacts with peers and adults.
The child has a developed imagination, fantasy, creativity, etc.
The child has developed gross and fine motor skills.
The child is capable of volitional efforts in various types of activities and can follow social norms.
The child shows curiosity, is inclined to observe, experiment, and is capable of making his own decisions, relying on his knowledge and skills in various spheres of reality.
The Program's targets serve as the basis continuity of preschool and primary general education. Subject to compliance with the conditions implementation Programs with real target guidelines involve the formation in children preschool age of prerequisites for educational activities at the stage of completion of them preschool education
Work plan for continuity
MBDOU D/s No. 69 "Lingonberry" and MOBU Maganskaya secondary school
for the 2016 – 2017 academic year
No. Action Deadline Responsible
1 Conclusion of the Cooperation Agreement September Director
Manager
2 Discussion and approval of the joint work plan September-October Deputy. Director of HR
Art. teacher
3 Psychological training for teachers November
March Educational psychologist
Art. teacher
4 Competition "Project activity"
(qualifying) november
Deputy Director of HR
Art. teacher
5 Sports competition dedicated to Mother's Day “Mom, sports and I are inseparable friends” november
Physical education teacher schools
Physical education instructor at preschool educational institution
6 Reading competition in English "I love English" november
Foreign language teacher
Educators
7 "Adaptation of a first-grader": Deputy Director of HR
Art. teacher
Teachers beginning classes
Educators
Attendance at classes school november
Attending classes at the preschool educational institution November
8 City competition "Project activity" in preschool educational institution No. 69 "Lingonberry" november
Art. teacher
Teachers beginning classes
Educators
9 Pedagogical consultation on the results of adaptation of a first-grader November Deputy. Director of HR
Art. teacher
10 -Parents meeting in the preparatory group.
-School parents of future first graders
December Educational psychologist
4th grade teacher
Art. teacher
11 Seminar "Pedagogical technologies for the formation of UUD schoolchildren» January Deputy Director of HR
Art. teacher
12 MO teachers of the humanitarian cycle Seminar “Person-oriented approach to teaching subjects of the humanitarian cycle” February Deputy. Director of HR
Art. teacher
13 Expressive reading competition in the Yakut language at a preschool educational institution February Teachers beginning. classes
Educators
14 Seminar "Museum pedagogy in preschool educational institutions" (urban) February Deputy Director of HR
Art. teacher
15 Readers' Conference "Book Week" "Family Reading" March Deputy Director of HR
Art. teacher
16 "Week of the Future First-Grader" April Manager
Art. teacher
New views on the upbringing, training and development of children require a new approach to implementation continuity between kindergarten and school, building a new graduate model, which will ensure the continuity of the educational process.
Expected results
1. Ensuring the child’s success in the initial stages of education
2. Reducing the percentage of first-graders with a high level of maladjustment to schooling
3. Positive dynamics of mastering basic general education programs by each child
4. General positive dynamics of mental and physical health of children
5. Motivational readiness of children to study in school
6. System creation continuity of preschool educational institutions and schools as a necessary condition for lifelong education
Publications on the topic:
Didactic game “Wonderful Ladybug” Purpose of the game: To introduce children to color, teach them to find a color by pattern and name; develop.
The quality of implementation of the Federal State Educational Standard before the start of kindergarten Information “The quality of implementation of the Federal State Educational Standards in the MKDOU Kindergarten No. 18 “Vesnyanka” Prepared by: senior teacher, V. M. Ganyukova Federal State Educational Standards for the preschool educational institution.
Quest on the territory of the kindergarten park: “In search of the treasure of the Green Giants” Goal: to consolidate children’s understanding of the diversity of tree fruits.
Exchange of experience within the framework of tasks for the continuity of work of the kindergarten and school “Joy to the eyes, joy to the soul” Purpose of the lesson: 1. Expand and strengthen children’s interest in Russian folk toys, forming aesthetic feelings based on the material of folk works.
Continuity between kindergarten and school (from work experience) Seminar: “Problems of continuity of preschool and primary education in the conditions of the Federal State Educational Standard.” work experience of the MDOU "Uvalsky Kindergarten" senior.
Organization: MBDOU No. 9 “Smile”
Locality: Sverdlovsk region, village. Chernousovo
Schooling never starts from scratch,
but always relies on a certain stage of development,
done by a child.
L. S. Vygotsky
The era of human development, called “childhood,” is considered the most difficult transition period from preschool to school. The problem of continuity between levels of education has always been one of the most important problems in education. Therefore, it is impossible not to agree with the opinion of the scientist, educational psychologist E.E. Kravtsova: “If for some reason the child’s development at one of the stages was defective, he did not master the activities characteristic of this transition, did not receive specific personality traits, then at in the next stage he will experience serious difficulties, and his development will follow a distorted path.”
Continuity- an objective necessary connection between the new and the old in the process of development. Continuity of education is understood as ensuring this necessary connection in the process, as the consistency and prospects of all components of the system (goals, objectives, content, methods, means, forms of organization of education and training) at each stage of education. Thus, continuity is not only preparation for the new, but also the preservation and development of the necessary and expedient old, the connection between the new and the old as the basis for progressive development. Continuity of preschool and primary education involves solving the following priority tasks.
At the preschool level:
- introducing children to the values of a healthy lifestyle;
- ensuring the emotional well-being of each child, developing his positive sense of self;
- development of initiative, curiosity, arbitrariness, and the ability for creative self-expression;
- formation of knowledge about the world around us, stimulation of communicative, cognitive, play activity of children in various types of activities;
- development of competence in the field of relationships to the world, people, oneself, inclusion of children in various forms of cooperation (with adults and children of different ages).
At the primary school level:
- formation of the foundations of civic identity and worldview of students;
- formation of the foundations of the ability to learn and the ability to organize one’s activities;
- the ability to accept, maintain goals and follow them in educational activities, plan one’s activities, monitor and evaluate them, interact with the teacher and peers in the educational process;
- spiritual and moral development and education of students, providing for their acceptance of moral standards, ethical guidelines, and national values;
- conscious acceptance of the values of a healthy lifestyle and regulation of one’s behavior in accordance with them, improvement of the achievements of preschool development, special assistance in the development of qualities formed in preschool childhood;
- individualization of the learning process, especially in cases of advanced development or lag.
The leading goal of preparation for school should be the formation in a preschooler of the qualities necessary for mastering educational activities - curiosity, initiative, independence, arbitrariness, creative self-expression of the child, etc.
WITHthe main question today: is the understanding of “a child’s readiness for school” changing in connection with the adoption of the Federal State Educational Standard in kindergarten and primary school, what is the specificity of the problem of continuity between preschool education and the primary level of general education at the present stage.
It was with the release of the Federal State Educational Standard for primary general education and the Federal State Educational Standard for the main general education program of preschool education that the beginning was made to ensure the continuity of the two links of the education system.
For the first time, a real normative basis for continuity in the preschool education - primary school system has been created. Unified general theoretical foundations and principles for constructing educational work with children, consistency and continuity of educational goals, highlighting integrative qualities as the results of mastering an educational program are the basis for beginning to implement in practice the solution to the problem of continuity.
Analysis educational areas of the Federal State Educational Standard and the Federal State Educational Standard of primary school revealed a meaningful continuity, which can be expressed as follows:
Only through activity does a person master new experiences and can learn independently, and this happens most successfully on the basis of the types of activities that he already possesses. In kindergarten, the leading type of activity is play as a simulation of relationships and real-life events, and in elementary school there is a gradual transition to educational activities.
Portraits of a kindergarten graduate and a primary school graduate are similar in many ways, but the learning outcomes in primary school presuppose a qualitatively new level of development of competencies formed in kindergarten (or rather, prerequisites for the development of competencies). The requirements for the results of mastering educational programs in the Federal State Educational Standard and the Federal State Educational Standard for primary schools are largely agreed upon. Mastery of educational areas in kindergarten ensures a child's success in subject areas in elementary school. In addition, it is assumed that 20% of the educational program of preschool education is formed by all participants in the educational process based on the needs of children and parents. The same possibility is approved by the standard for primary schools. Another indicator of continuity is ensuring equal starting opportunities for further education for all children. The standard also specifies requirements for personal and meta-subject results, the foundations of which are laid in the model of a kindergarten graduate. As stated earlier , The portrait of a kindergarten graduate in its main positions coincides with the portrait of a primary school graduate. Kindergarten and school teachers develop the same personality traits in children.
In connection with the transition of primary schools to new educational standards, the issue of the formation of universal learning activities (UAL) is of particular importance.
According to the Federal State Educational Standard, UUD is a set of methods of action through which a child masters all components of educational activity. The formation of universal educational activities is implemented within the framework of an integral educational process, and acts as a goal, result and at the same time as a means of specially organized educational activities for children, providing the child with a transition from joint (under the guidance of a teacher) educational activities to independent ones. As a result of studying all subjects in primary school, graduates should develop all universal learning activities as the basis of the ability to learn. All this concerns primary general education.
But what about the situation at the preschool level? After all, in preschool age there are no universal educational actions; only their prerequisites are formed.
For preschoolers, the personal component of universal educational actions is determined, first of all, by the child’s personal readiness for school education - the degree of formation of the student’s internal position. In relation to the moment a child enters school, the following prerequisites for regulatory universal educational actions can be identified:
- the ability to carry out actions according to a model and a given rule;
- the ability to maintain a given goal;
- ability to find errors and correct them;
- the ability to control your activities based on results;
- the ability to adequately understand the assessment of an adult and a peer.
It is assumed that upon entering school a child has reached a certain level of communication development. The absolutely necessary prerequisites for a child to start studying at school include the following components:
- the child’s need to communicate with adults and peers;
- possession of speech skills, certain verbal and non-verbal means of communication;
- an emotionally positive attitude towards the collaboration process is desirable;
- communication partner orientation,
- the ability to listen to your interlocutor.
In the draft Federal State Educational Standard the section “Requirements for the results of children’s mastering the basic educational program of preschool education” is highlighted. These requirements “are presented in the form of targets for preschool education, which represent age-specific characteristics of the child’s possible achievements at the stage of completing the level of preschool education.” Such characteristics “are necessary prerequisites for the transition to the next level of primary education, successful adaptation to living conditions at school and the requirements of the educational process.”
Let's compare the integrative qualities of a kindergarten graduate and the universal learning activities formed in elementary school students.
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Prerequisites for UUD in children upon entering school |
Planned results at the end of 1st grade |
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Able to have a positive attitude towards himself and other people, and has a sense of self-esteem |
Understands suggestions and assessments of teachers, comrades, parents and other people, knows how to evaluate himself according to the criteria proposed by adults Has a positive attitude towards school |
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Able to treat others kindly and responsive to the experiences of another person Able to respect the dignity of others |
Able to navigate the moral content and meaning of both his own actions and the actions of those around him Able to respect other people's opinions Able to understand other people's feelings and empathize with them |
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Knows how to take care of his things |
Able to take care of material assets Respects and accepts the values of family and society Loves his homeland and his land |
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Able to interact with peers and adults through participation in joint games and their organizations, able to negotiate, come to an agreement, take into account the interests and feelings of others, restrain their emotions in the game In a society of peers, he can choose his own occupation and participants in joint activities. |
Able to interact with peers in joint activities, negotiate, take into account the interests of others, restrain one’s emotions Knows how to choose his or her occupation and partners |
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Able to obey different rules and social norms Can carry on a conversation on a topic that is interesting to him |
Able to discuss problems and rules Can support a conversation on an interesting topic |
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Able to demonstrate independence in various types of children's activities Able to self-assess himself and his actions |
Able to demonstrate independence in various activities Able to self-assess himself and his actions |
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Able to relate openly to the outside world and feel confident in one’s abilities |
Able to adapt to some difficult situations |
It is important to note the fact that the prerequisites for a preschooler’s educational attainment find their development at the initial stage of education, as indicated in the table: motivation for school, relationships with peers, organizational skills, communication skills and interaction with the outside world, etc.
Thus, By summarizing and comparing the requirements for a kindergarten graduate in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard for Preschool Education and the requirements for the results of students of primary general education in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard for National Shchub, a successive connection clearly emerges.
In order to ensure high-quality preschool and primary general education, modern teachers must skillfully approach the implementation of the Federal State Educational Standard. At the same time, you need to understand that the implementation of the Federal State Educational Standard for Educational Education is a complex and multifaceted process. We all hope that the problem of continuity as a single line of child development will be solved jointly by us (teachers of preschool educational institutions and schools), which means that our children will fully live out the preschool period of childhood and acquire that same equal starting platform for successful schooling.
Main conclusions:
- With the introduction of the Federal State Educational Standard for kindergarten and the Federal State Educational Standard for primary school, the programs should not contradict each other. Preparation for education should not duplicate the first grade program, otherwise the learning process at school will cease to be cognitive and developmental for students.
- The introduction of the Federal State Educational Standard in preschool education is intended to standardize in a certain way the content of preschool education to provide the child with an equal start, which will allow him to successfully study at school.
- The characteristics of the development of a preschooler at the stage of completion of preschool education, stated in the draft Federal State Educational Standard and formed in kindergarten, correlate with the UUD prescribed in the Federal State Educational Standard for primary general education.
- In order to prepare a child for school, there is no need to replace specific “preschool” activities with “school” ones, that is, to accustom the child to the lesson system in advance, to develop writing, reading and counting skills, thereby disrupting the natural course of his development.
- The understanding of the concept of “Readiness for school” remains the same: it is not only a certain state of a preschooler, but also the efforts of all participants in the educational process: kindergarten, family and primary school.
Continuity between preschool and primary school
under the conditions of the introduction of Federal State Educational Standards
The processes of modernization of education require a rethinking of its content and implementation in the context of federal state educational standards (FSES). Today it is very important that these documents work, and the continuity of preschool and primary education is carried out in accordance with the ideas that are reflected in the Federal State Educational Standard for preschool and primary general education.
The adoption of the Federal State Educational Standards (FSES) for preschool and primary school education is an important stage in the continuity of the activities of kindergarten and school and the prospects for improving the quality of education in the holistic education system.
The Federal State Educational Standard protects us from understanding the continuity between kindergarten and primary school as continuity in academic subjects and in what knowledge, abilities and skills we should give children in kindergarten and with what knowledge the school should receive them.
CONTINUITY is understood as the consistency and preservation of goals, objectives, methods, means and forms of training and education.
At the present stage (in connection with the introduction of the Federal State Educational Standard), there has been a shift in emphasis in understanding a child’s readiness to study at school from intellectual to personal readiness, which is determined by the formed “internal position of the student” (the child’s ability to take on a new social role as a student). The focus is on the formed cognitive motives for learning, that is, the child’s conscious desire to learn, to learn something new, based on the knowledge already acquired. Thus, for a modern first-grader, it becomes important not so much to possess a cognitive tool, but to be able to consciously use it. New views on the upbringing, training and development of children, outlined in the Federal State Educational Standard, require a new approach to the implementation of continuity between kindergarten and school, the construction of a new model of a modern preschool educational institution graduate, who will have the prerequisites for educational activities that ensure the success of learning at subsequent stages of education.
The Federal State Educational Standard for Education is aimed at ensuring the continuity of the basic educational programs of preschool and primary general education. The standard requirements for the results of mastering the Preschool Education Program are presented in the form of targets for preschool education. The target guidelines act as the basis for the continuity of preschool and primary general education and assume the formation of prerequisites for educational activities in preschool children at the stage of completing their preschool education.
It is important to develop modern unified approaches to the organization and content of the educational process, which will ensure the continuity of the educational process.
A comparison of the Federal State Educational Standards for non-educational education and the Federal State Educational Standards for Preschool Education shows the presence of prerequisites for the implementation of continuity of preschool and primary education.
There is a need at this transitional stage: to specify the target guidelines in the “Portrait of a Preschool Education Graduate”, to preserve the accumulated experience in the continuity of the preschool educational institution and the school in order to:
already in kindergarten they were able to predict the problems that a child might have at the beginning of education and worked on them;
Primary school had enough information about the child, about the strengths and weaknesses of his personality.
MBOU Secondary School with Chishma has been cooperating with the preschool educational institution branch for many years. The goal of our work is to create conditions to ensure easy adaptation and emotional well-being of each child to a new stage of life. Today, traditional forms of work have already emerged that help teachers develop the importance of the child’s development process and help maintain children’s health.
This direction involves cooperation between kindergarten teachers, schools and parents. Since 2012, the Ministry of Education of Preschool Teachers has merged with the School of Education of Primary Schools. Work includes joint discussionopinions of preschool teachers and primary school teachers on the problems of development and training of pupils and students, the success of school adaptation of preschool educational institution graduates - as a result of successive connections. At the meetings of the Ministry of Education, issues related to improving the quality of knowledge and the state of subjects taught in primary schools are discussed. Members of the Moscow Region improve their creative skills through open classes. Lessons are prepared by teachers and educators in areas of interest, a discussion takes place of what is seen, the best elements of the methodology used by teachers and educators are recorded by all teachers and taken into account during one of the MO meetings.
The traditional form of preparing future first-graders for school is classes conducted by a primary school teacher during the period of preparation for passing the PMPK. Organizing such classes solves a number of problems:
facilitate the natural process of getting to know the school and create a favorable atmosphere that allows future first-graders and the teacher to better understand each other.
Develop interest in learning at school;
In a playful way, introduce children to the rules of work in the lesson, give them the opportunity to gain new impressions.
Identify the primary knowledge of future first-graders, determine the starting capabilities of children
Provide an opportunity to gain new impressions, gain experience communicating with each other, and develop the skill of educational cooperation.
Conversations and meetings are held with school students who attended preschool education. Parent meetings are organized to discuss preparing children for school and introducing them to the Planet of Knowledge educational complex.
As a result of such joint activities of kindergarten and primary school teachers, their mutual understanding is achieved. Based on the results of conversations with parents and feedback from teachers, kindergarten graduates are mastering the program well; their level meets the requirements for preschoolers, the preparation of children for school is assessed as good.
Application
Work plan for the succession of MBOU secondary school from Chishma and the DG branch for the 2015-2016 academic year.
Strategic idea:
ensure a high level of personal development;
Priority areas for primary school:
developing the ability to learn in children, creating conditions under which learning becomes a benefit for the child, the main form of self-expression;
Priority areas for preschool institutions:
early development of a complex of personal qualities and properties that ensure an easy, natural transition of the child to school;
The main objective:
implementation of a single line of general development of the child, i.e. spiritual, mental and physical at the stages of preschool and school childhood.
By creating successive connections connecting the upbringing and teaching of children in kindergarten and primary school into a holistic pedagogical process, it is necessary to build it on a unified organizational, methodological, psychodiagnostic and correctional-developmental basis.
Tasks of kindergarten and school
To examine the full personal development, physiological and psychological well-being of the child during the transition period from preschool education to school, aimed at the long-term formation of the child’s personality based on his previous experience and accumulated knowledge.
To form the fundamental personal qualities of the child, which serve as the basis for the success of schooling.
To develop the mental activity of children in mathematics in 1st grade and preparatory group.
Continue to strengthen the physical health of children through the introduction of non-traditional health-saving work technologies.
Continuity plan for kindergartens and schools for the 2015-2016 academic year.
p/p
Events
Deadlines
Responsible
Methodical work
Day of Knowledge;
Discussion of a joint work plan
September
Head teacher
Deputy according to UVR
Introducing preparatory group teachers to the primary school education and training program.
September
Deputy according to UVR
Updated information in the corner for parents of future first-graders;
- Organization of a subject environment for the role-playing game “School”.
October
november
educators
educators
Summing up the adaptation of first-graders;
Analysis of the performance of first-graders during the school year;
January-
May
deputy director of water management,
teachers
Compiling lists of future first-graders
April May
deputy Director of HR
Mutual attendance of classes by primary school teachers in kindergarten and preschool teachers. groups at school:
In the second half of the year:
goal: acquaintance with the level of acquired knowledge, abilities, skills and creative abilities of children.
April
Deputy Director of HR
Teachers beginning classes
Vos-li. preg.gr.
Pedagogical meetings.
Issues for discussion:
Current tasks for creating interest in the learning process and its motivation.
January
Head of primary school education and preschool teachers
Issues of continuity of physical education in preschool educational institutions and schools.
December
Physical education teacher, educators
Attending a pedagogical meeting at the school based on the results of work for 2015 – 2016.
May
Deputy head UVR
Working with parents
Round table “Child on the threshold of school. What does it mean?"
Parent meeting for future first graders
Questioning parents “Your child will soon become a schoolchild”
January
Deputy Director of HR
Educators
Educators
Consultations on the results of diagnostics for school education in the preparatory group
January
Vos-whether preg.gr.
Children's readiness for school.
April
Chairman of the PMPK
Parent meetings in pre-school groups with the invitation of primary school teachers.
Parent meetings “Tasks of kindergarten and family in preparing children for school”; “Results of mastering the program by children of the preparatory group for school”
May
Vos-whether preg.gr.
Work with children
Excursion to school for the festive assembly.
September
Educators
School excursions:
Getting to know the gym;
Introduction to the creation of a school;
Introduction to classes (offices);
Getting to know the library.
During a year
Educators
Preparatory classes for future first-graders
November December
Teacher beginning classes
Mutual attendance at New Year's matinees
December
Educators
Thematic exhibitions “What a first-grader should be able to do”; “Going to school is an important event in the lives of children”
February
educators
Exhibition-exchange of children's drawings of children's drawings of preparatory group children and 1st grade students “Children and traffic rules”
Exhibition of works by future first-graders “I draw school”
november
April
Educators,
uch. beginning of classes
Participation of first-graders in the holiday
"Goodbye, kindergarten"
May
teachers, educators,
music leaders