Unusual words and their meaning. Dictionary of rare and forgotten words
In the first grade, the average student knows about two thousand words and learns up to ten words a day while studying at school. Thus, upon graduation, the average citizen we are considering knows tens of thousands of words. At the same time, we use an average of five thousand words, which make up a constant vocabulary.
Importance
It is useful to know buzzwords and their meaning for talking to other people. Rich speech helps to attract attention, interest a person, look better, clearly express thoughts, control the opinion of the interlocutor and gives many other pleasant bonuses. You can also find those who study buzzwords and their meaning for humiliating an opponent and gaining a sense of superiority. However, this motivation is not perfect, although a dictionary of buzzwords can really help you feel better and feel superior to those who do not own such words.
If we talk about the function that smart words carry for communication in everyday life, then rich speech, knowledge of certain quantities and their meanings attract attention. The interlocutor's brain is focused on expressions that are atypical for everyday speech. Therefore, they begin to listen to you more attentively. As a result, your words are better remembered, and you become interesting, sharp-tongued, an interlocutor with whom it is pleasant to communicate.
In addition, knowledge of the list of buzzwords is a status norm for people who communicate with intellectuals, are fond of creativity and use mental labor. If you communicate in this area, you must have the appropriate skills. It is also important to learn how to speak reasonedly and to the point, to supply your own speech with interesting accents and tones, which the words proposed below will help to achieve.
Examples
A priori. Not requiring evidence, understandable and so, obtained empirically.
Biennale. Originally an art exhibition, nowadays it is also called just a hangout associated with art. Feature - held every two years.
Vesicular. Originally a medical term that refers to vesicles found in the lungs.
Gesheft. The German word originally refers to trade and profit, and is still used in a similar sense, but it can also be used in a different, figurative, sense.
Dissonance. Originally a musical term that refers to an inharmonious combination of sounds. Now it is used quite often, including in combination with cognitive dissonance, into which everyone wants to plunge each other. Usage example: “Your illiterate use of buzzwords introduces dissonance into speech.”
Endova. Dishes for drinking and eating, but also under the valley they mean a kind of gutter between two roof slopes. If the roof has a complex structure, then where two differently directed slopes are connected, a valley is formed. Not often used in modern speech.
Jamevu. A term close to psychiatry, the antonym of deja vu. With jamevu, you are in familiar surroundings or circumstances in which you have repeatedly been before, but you feel as if you were here for the first time.
Is based. To understand, simply associate the given word with the word based.
Indulgence. Previously, the Catholic Church sold a document for the atonement of sins, at retail, wholesale and by weight. Such a commodity was called indulgence. Now used figuratively.
Case. Originally a Latin word, relatively recently it was often used in jurisprudence. In general, it indicates a strange situation, a combination of circumstances that does not depend on the actors, can have both a positive and a negative meaning. Not noticing and stepping into a puddle is an incident, but meeting a good friend is also an incident.
Liquidity. An economic term, but now used in everyday life. Indicates your ability to convert assets or private property into money.
Skimping. Disdainful attitude. For example: “At work, Ivan skimped on his direct duties.”
Neologism. Literally translated from Latin - "new word". It can be a newly created word or a word used in a new meaning. An example from the Internet: Like is a completely new neologism.
Orthodox. Greek word, antonym for heretic. In the original meaning - a person who is faithful to the teachings, who does not deviate from the original postulates. Now it can be used in other contexts.
Puritanism. A peculiar understanding of the purity of views and behavior in society. Characteristic features are moderation, conservatism of views, minimization of pleasures, claims, needs.
Radicalism. Extreme adherence to views, the use of brute methods to create change, more often in social settings.
Maxim. A moral or wise saying. For example, “after Ivan burst out all evening in the company of friends with deep maxims on the topic of education.”
Interpretation. A similar word is interpretation. In general, we are talking about some kind of commentary, clarification, look at a certain phenomenon. For example, “his interpretation of the Lars von Trier film is different from the generally accepted one.”
Union. A form of union or generalization. Originally a political-economic term, but it can be used in other contexts.
Frustration. The feeling when you want to get what you want but can't reach the goal.
hypocrisy. Creating a positive image of one's own personality, intentionally bright negative attitude towards free views, ostentatious virtue, modesty (sometimes religiosity). Although in reality the hypocrite is far from the ideals declared aloud.
Time trouble. Lack of time.
Swaggering. Arrogant and disdainful attitude. For example, “The boss, although he kept his distance, was not swaggering, he could communicate normally and joke.”
Chauvinism. Initially, it refers to nationalism and represents its radical form. The chauvinists considered their own nation exceptional and the best. The term can be used in other contexts, but the meaning of the understanding of exclusivity is retained.
Scrupulousness. Following to each “chip”. Behaving according to standards or treating something with care and rigor.
Etymology. Area of knowledge about the origin and meaning of words. In order to replenish your own vocabulary, it is useful to study exactly the etymology.
Jurisdiction. The range of powers that a state body or structure has.
Yagdtash. Hunting bag. Now the term is used as the name of a comfortable stylish bag.
Now that you know some smart Russian words and their meanings, some extra advice should be given. You should not use these terms everywhere, just as different clothes are worn for different situations, so appropriate communication styles are used for different circumstances.
Otherwise, you will look ridiculous, throwing terms around and inserting them indiscriminately into all phrases. The beauty of speech lies in harmoniously combining words, weaving a pattern from their sound and meaning.
Mastering the art of competent communication if desired is not difficult. However, it will be equally important to pay attention to such aspects as correct diction, a well-placed voice and the appropriateness of using certain words.
There are situations when simply using buzzwords and terms is not enough, especially if they are used completely out of place and off topic. To avoid ridiculous attempts to attract the attention of the interlocutor only by inserting smart words, you should definitely study not only the meaning of these words, but also their synonyms and antonyms, the correct placement of stress, declension and gender. For example, a common mistake is to use the word "coffee" in the neuter gender or to try to pluralize the word "coat".
Another way to show yourself as a competent interlocutor is the ability to avoid banal, hackneyed and “hackneyed” expressions. Instead of “good”, you can say “intelligent” if we are talking about an employee or colleague as a specialist, instead of “beautiful” - “spectacular”, “catchy” if you are discussing the appearance of anyone, even an acquaintance, even a celebrity. With the help of a dictionary, you can choose a synonym for almost every word, at the same time understandable to everyone and at the same time quite unusual. This approach will undoubtedly draw attention to you during communication.
Parasite words can be skipped or replaced. You will not learn this immediately, but persistent and thoughtful training will help achieve the desired effect. Speak slowly, carefully considering your phrases and their logical construction. Gradually, you will definitely master the art of conducting a conversation competently, and this will help you make the right impression, and, perhaps, push your rise up the career ladder. Do not underestimate the ability to correctly express your thoughts and the ability to argue your own opinion, such skills can come in handy in any situation.
List of "rare" words in Russian ACCORDING TO THE VERSION OF THE SITE http://language.mypage.ru
The list is odd in places, but interesting nonetheless.
1.Multifora- this is the most common file for documents
2.Gapovat- threaten
3.rubbish blah(or halam-balam) - “This is not halam-balam for you!”
4.Kichkinka- baby, an appeal to a little girl - not an Uzbek, but not a Slav either. From Uzbek. "kichkintoy" - baby.
5.Yeh-ay-yay- Nizhny Novgorod exclamation of surprise
6.Kefirka- a girl trying to whiten her face with sour milk (it can be seen from the patches of unevenly lightened skin, and they smear her face and neck, sometimes her hands. Ears look amazing at the same time)
7.Dubai- a lady who came from earnings, engaged in prostitution. Or dressing "like a Dubai" - bright, tasteless, with an abundance of rhinestones, gold and trinkets.
8.Oud- part of the body (shameful ud - what is usually called an obscene word).
9.tryamochka- rag, rags - dense lace
10.Chuni- type of footwear. Often this is the name of the general footwear, which is used in order to go out at night for a small need.
11.rip- drink alcohol.
12.Confusion- a tangle of everyday affairs or events.
13.Galim(or golimy) - bad, low-quality, uninteresting
14.Yokarny Babay- exclamation (eprst, ezhkin cat, e-mine, etc.), resentment at the current situation.
15.skubut- shave, cut.
16.ShuffleYadka(shuflyada) - a small drawer (in a desk, wardrobe, chest of drawers, etc.)
17.flying- last summer.
18.Ticket- receipt, bill, ticket, a small piece of paper.
19.ZanAdto- too, too much.
20.Mlyavasts, mYavy - relaxation, unwillingness to do anything, fatigue.
21.to dress up- to crack, to perforate.
22.Kotsat- spoil.
23.cowardly- run in small steps.
24.Scabrous- vulgar
25.fuck, trail - go slowly, do not keep up with someone.
26.Buhic- alcohol party
27.overdressed- very bright, vulgarly dressed.
28.Khabalka- a rude, uneducated woman.
29.Broody- chicken woman (offend.)
30.gasp- hit.
31.cant- error.
32.backbiter- harmful child.
33.Hag- crow, old woman.
34.Locker- porch.
35.Podlovka- attic.
36.Blue- eggplant.
37.Rybar, the catcher is the fisherman.
38.nail- lose.
39.Pantyhose- to push in the crowd.
40.sardonic laughter- irrepressible, convulsive, bilious, angry, caustic.
41.lapidarity- brevity, conciseness, expressiveness of the syllable, style.
42.Algolagnia- sexual satisfaction experienced: - when causing pain to a sexual partner (sadism); or - due to pain caused by a sexual partner (masochism).
43.Sublimation- this is a process consisting in the fact that attraction (LIBIDO) goes to a different goal, far from sexual satisfaction, and the energy of instincts is transformed into socially acceptable, morally approved.
44.Lyalichny, lyalichnaya - something very childish.
45.buy up- make purchases.
46.Transcendental- incomprehensible to human understanding
47.Eschatology- ideas about the end of the world.
48.Apologist is a Christian writer who defends Christianity from criticism.
49.Flute- vertical groove on the column.
50.Anagoga- allegorical explanation of biblical texts.
51.Lucullus- feast.
52.aiguillettes- these are plastic things at the end of the laces.
53.Bonhomie- an unceremonious, inappropriately familiar address under the guise of a friendly one.
54.Honeymoon(honeymoon in English) - we believe that this is the first month of the newlyweds, but in English the word is broken into "honey" and "Moon". Most likely, the English word "honeymoon" means that the ordinary Moon, which in the representation of Americans in the form of cheese, becomes honey.
55.Possessor- a greedy, greedy person. How many are around us...
56.kobenitsya("he kobenitsya", "vykobenitsya", "do not vykobenyvaetsya") - to bully, "to pull out", to show off.
57.MorosYaka, pamorha (stress on the first syllable) - drizzling rain in warm weather and the sun.
58.Cool(do not conjure) - to excite something, to sway.
59.Vekhotka, vyhotka - a sponge (rag, washcloth) for washing dishes, body, etc.
60.Bawdy(n. "obscene") - vulgar, shameless.
61.gloomy- silly.
62.Korchik, he is a scoop - a small saucepan with a long handle.
64.Surrender to the ball- the same as for free.
65.To the top with a bang- upside down.
66.Kagalom- all together.
67.Wake up- fiddling, not finding a place before falling asleep in bed.
68.kiss, kiss - kiss.
69.trandychiha(tryndet) - a woman idle talker (to speak nonsense).
70.nonsense- verbal nonsense.
71.Trichomudia- junk, husband. sexual organs.
72.Hezat- defecate.
73.Bundel(bundul) - a large bottle, bottle
74.Gamanok- wallet.
75.Buza- dirt, thick.
76.Shkandybat- waddle, go.
77.toss- walk, run.
78.Zhirovka- an invoice for payment.
79.Ayda- let's go, let's go (let's go to the store).
80.exercise- the exercise.
81.Exercise- to do exercises, faire ses exercices
82.Buffoon- jester, bastard.
83.Fat- talker, braggart.
84.Skvalyga- stingy.
85.Yoksel-moksel- used with feeling in moments of complete chaos.
86.Chaos- mess.
87.idler- Chatterbox.
88.Mandibles- clumsy hands.
89.Rinda- queue.
90.Poland- the volume of a certain container.
91.Maza- small (from the Latvian Mazais).
92.Nonche- today.
93.Apotheosis- deification, glorification, exaltation of a person, event or phenomenon.
94.to loosen up- scold someone.
95.Planter, mochilo - a small artificial pond near the garden.
96.Sandbox- scold.
97.epidersia- coincidence, surprise.
98.Perdimonocle— illogical unexpected conclusion.
99.Customize- set against.
100.skimp- miss something.
101.Insinuation- (from lat. insinuatio, literally - insinuatingness) - slander.
102.hoarding- greed.
103.SabAn- stairs with a platform (used during wall painting or other construction work).
104.Adobe- a dwelling made of reed bundles smeared with clay.
105.kryzhit- mark each checked item of the list with checkmarks.
106.Mihryutka- an unpretentious, puny person.
107.Dradedamovy- cloth (dradedam - a type of cloth) (the word is found in classical Russian literature).
108.Expansion- expansion of boundaries, limits.
109.De facto— in fact, actually.
110.De jure- legally, formally.
111.cutter- a cut piece of the product (from life).
112.friable- different books in one box at the acceptance in the store.
113.perzhnya- nonsense, trifle.
114.check- the same as jackal.
115.Herashka(vulg.) - something small and unpleasant, inorg. origin.
116.navel- something small, pleasant (Nabokov).
117.Pomuchtel(chekist.) - Assistant for accounting for bodies.
118.Triticale(bot.) - a hybrid of wheat with rye.
119.Rampetka- butterfly net (Nabokov).
120.Shpak- any civilian (Kuprin).
121.Bilbock- a toy (to catch a ball on a string with a stick) (L. Tolstoy).
122.Bibabo- a hand puppet, like Obraztsov's.
123.Nadys- the other day, recently, spray, brag, brag.
124.Nache- it is better.
125.Izgvazdat- get dirty.
126.Mandibles- clumsy hands.
Dictionary of rarely used words, terms and proper names
Adonais (Adonis) - a character of Greek mythology, a beautiful young man with whom the goddess of love fell in love
Aphrodite, died very young, killed by a boar. The English poet P. B. Shelley gave the nickname Adonais to the poet J. Keats in the elegy of the same name on the death of the latter (1821): for Shelley, the death of the poet was as untimely as the death of Adonis.
Baphomet is a symbolic satanic goat, usually depicted as a half-man-half-goat or a man with a goat's head.
Bityugs are a Russian breed of heavy horses.
To harrow - here: to defend.
Brany - patterned.
Brasno - food, dish.
Buchilo is a vessel in which the laundry is soaked and bleached.
Valkyrie - in Scandinavian mythology, the daughter of the supreme god Wotan, who flies on a winged horse over the battlefield and takes the lives of warriors.
Veksha is a squirrel.
Versha - fishing tackle-trap.
Veshina - a branch, a pole.
Vishnu is one of the supreme gods of the Hindu pantheon, who, together with Brahma and Shiva, is part of the triad (trimurti) and performs the cosmic function of storing the world, acting in it through many of his incarnations, the main of which are Rama and Krishna.
The Vlachs are Eastern Romanesque peoples, here, probably, the Romanians are meant.
Gorlach is a big krinka.
The Hotchkiss cannon is a small, fast-firing, French-made naval cannon.
Gras - single-shot French guns of the Gras system from 20 to 28 caliber, converted from rifles in 1871.
Delos is an island in the Aegean Sea, where, according to ancient Greek myths, the gods Apollo and Artemis were born. In ancient times, hymn and musical competitions of Greek choirs from different cities were held on the island.
Jazz band - a small jazz orchestra (up to 10 performers).
To reach - here: to overtake.
Essenes - a Jewish religious sect (2nd century BC - the end of the 1st century AD), a separate and closed brotherhood; they believed, like the Pharisees, in the need for personal piety and removal from the filth of everyday life, as well as in posthumous retribution (unlike the Sadducees, the Essenes believed in the physical resurrection of the dead); considered themselves the only true Israel.
Zane - because.
Indus even.
Isaiah is a biblical prophet who preached, among other things, moral values. "Rejoice, Isaiah!" - sung during the sacrament of marriage.
Kerenzyata are graduates of cadet schools in the second half of 1917, during the reign of A.F. Kerensky.
Comanches are North American Indians.
Scab! - an exclamation meaning a nasty, stupid person or animal.
Kochet is a rooster.
Kruzhalo - here: the old name of taverns.
Cool-gavrila - the wheel of the hand brake of a steam locomotive; the expression "Cool-Gavrila!" means "Release the brakes!".
Kuban - a big krinka, a gourlach.
Kysmet - rock.
Leviathan - a monstrous sea serpent, sometimes identified with Satan, is mentioned in the Old Testament (Job 3 8, 40 20 - 41 26; Ps 73 14, 103 26).
Lewis is an English light machine gun from the times of the 1st World War.
Lying - frail, unfit.
Maxim is a heavy machine gun developed by the American gunsmith Hiram Maxim in 1883.
Hominy is a steeply brewed porridge made from cornmeal, which is cut with a special thread or a wooden knife.
Mammon, mammon - belly, stomach.
The Mannlicher rifle is a repeating automatic rifle designed by the Austro-Hungarian gunsmith Ferdinand Mannlicher.
Honey - here in the meaning: a light alcoholic drink made from bee honey.
To measure - here in the meaning: to evaluate according to one's own understanding.
Masichka - table (Bulgarian).
The youngest is the youngest.
Molonya - lightning.
Moloss - refers to the breed of large fighting dogs, bred by the Hellenic tribe of Molossians.
Nazarene - the nickname of Jesus Christ, who lived in Nazareth before the beginning of his ministry.
Nishkni - an exclamation meaning: do not shout, shut up.
Sowing - the remnants of sifting grain, in a figurative sense - a girl who was not married.
Oder is an old exhausted horse, a nag.
Wake up - come to your senses, cross yourself, calm down.
Paneva - old women's clothing, homespun skirt.
Parks are the three goddesses of fate in ancient Roman mythology: Nona spins the thread of human life, Decima winds the thread on a spindle, distributing fate, Morta cuts the thread of fate.
To take revenge - to be heard, to appear.
To honor - to honor.
Razzavod - breeding, keep on razzavod - keep on breeding, for the future.
Rakia is a strong alcoholic drink made from fruits, similar to brandy, popular among the South Slavic peoples.
Stand up! Help, save!
Repetilov is a character in A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit", a chatterer mindlessly repeating other people's opinions.
Himself-friend - together.
Hay girl - a yard girl serving the masters, a maid.
Scattered pearls are large and even pearls that can easily roll on the surface.
The tabernacle is a sanctuary.
Stogny - squares and streets of the city.
Tatarva - Tatars (Tatars in ancient Russia could be called any foreign-speaking peoples).
Teleport - hang out, dangle, walk very slowly.
Tiara - a triple crown, the headdress of the ancient Eastern kings, the Pope.
Fata Morgana - mirages in which objects are seen repeatedly and with various distortions (according to legend, the fairy Morgana, who lives on the seabed, deceives travelers with ghostly visions).
Fatera - living quarters (distortion of the word "apartment").
A roan horse is a gray horse with an admixture of other wool.
The Schwarzlose machine gun is an Austro-Hungarian medium-caliber machine gun.
Ektemporale - classy written work on translation from a native language into a foreign one without prior preparation; improvisation.
Eleusis (Eleusis) is a city in Attica (Greece), in ancient times known for its mysteries.
Yarilo is the sun.
Note:
THIS IS NOT A WORK OF YU.A. REINHARDT.
Dictionary compiled by publishers and commentators
E.N. Egorova and prot. Pavel Nedosekin
for the convenience of readers.
Reviews
Your dictionary, Yuri Alexandrovich, seemed interesting to me.
Veksha is a squirrel. Hence the name Vekshegonov. I wonder when the Russians forgot the former name of the squirrel? 200 years ago, 300?
Hominy is a steeply brewed porridge made from cornmeal. During the Great Patriotic War, the Germans prepared hominy for Russian prisoners. The depleted stomachs of the prisoners, who had not seen food for weeks, could not stand it, and diarrhea (diarrhea) developed everywhere. The number of prisoners in the camp, without any effort on the part of the German administration, naturally decreased by 90%.
Nazarene - the nickname of Jesus Christ, who lived in Nazareth before the beginning of his ministry. Nazarene is also the name of one of the religious sects. The Nazarenes, according to tradition, did not cut their hair and did not wash. The Nazarene was the legendary Samson. It is no wonder that Jesus spent weeks in the Judean wilderness, where he did not cut his hair and did not wash. That was his faith.
It is no coincidence that modern historians will never find the city of Nazareth. He was absent! Jesus is a Nazarene - this does not mean a resident of Nazareth (a city that did not exist). The Nazarene is a faith akin to the Jews.
Ferii are holidays in the ancient Roman calendar.
Well, but how! After all, we all come from the same Indo-European cauldron!
In German, fire is a holiday.
Dear Leo!
The dictionary of rarely used words on the page of Yuri Reinhardt does not exist by itself, but refers to his stories, memories of the Volunteer Army, poems and fairy tales. Moreover, this is not his work: we, the publishers and commentators, compiled the dictionary so that it would be easier for modern readers to perceive the works of Yuri Alexandrovich. Read better his works on his page, follow the links. The page also contains a biographical sketch of him.
As for Jesus the Nazarene, the nickname is precisely for the city of Nazareth. He had nothing to do with the Nazarenes. A veksha squirrel is still called in some dialects. Before the revolution, this name was quite common in the literary Russian language.
Yury Reynardt's leading page
Elena Nikolaevna Egorova
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
In the Russian language, as, indeed, in any other, there are a lot of outdated, little-known, uncommon, unusual, incomprehensible words and expressions, in other words - gloss. A collection of such words with explanations is called a glossary.
The author wanted to create a dictionary of rare and forgotten words, and not just obsolete ones. The fact is that not every obsolete word is forgotten and not every rare word is outdated. It is easy to see this if you look into the Dictionary of the Russian Language by S.I. Ozhegov, which almost everyone has at hand. Here, almost a third of the words have signs " obsolete", "ancient". But it is difficult to recognize them as rare and forgotten: they are often used both in literature and in oral speech (amorous, sweetheart, execution). Words of this kind were not included in the glossary. It is quite obvious why: they are well known to the modern reader. Another thing - words like " Grid"(member of the prince's squad)," Custodian" (watchman), " grivoise"(playful, immodest)," shibai" (small dealer) or expressions " man of the twentieth"(employee)," Egyptian virgins"(gypsies)," on the third platoon"(very drunk). Such words and expressions are innumerable, because the layer of words, which is the name of the gloss, in the Russian language is quite powerful.
Many of them are present in the works of Russian writers from Alexander Sumarokov (mid-18th century) to Alexander Blok (early 20th century). Not only a young reader, but also a sophisticated book lover may have difficulty reading the masterpieces of Russian literature of the Golden and Silver Ages. Especially in cases where the context does not help to understand the meaning glosses, and in explanatory dictionaries it is absent. This is where the glossary comes in.
This is a popular reference book for the thoughtful reader of belles lettres. Hence the simplification of the dictionary entry, in which there are no stresses on the head words (they are in their list), grammatical and stylistic marks, indications of direct and figurative word meanings. Not in the tradition of linguistic dictionaries, a quotation from a literary source is framed. This is done so that the reader, according to the intention of the compiler, pays attention first of all to what kind of forgotten word, in what sense, in which writer and poet it occurs. For the inquisitive reader, information is also given about the origin of words, information about some realities.
The author has no doubt that his book is not without flaws, for it was said by the French writer of the XVIII century. Antoine Rivarol: "There is no such work that would contain more shortcomings than a dictionary." However, the author was consoled by the lexicographer Pierre Boist, a contemporary of Rivarol, who melancholy remarked that "God alone can compose perfect dictionary". (V. P. Somov)