The Ministry of Education and Science eliminates the scholars of associate professor and professor in the Department - Evgeny Savin. Publication of teaching aids for obtaining a scientist

Many people are confused in positions, degrees and titles of teachers and researchers working in the university. And it is not surprising ...

Let's deal with this.

The fact is that universities are characterized immediately by four directions :

1. Academic office.

2. Administrative position.

3. Scientist.

4. Scientific title.

Table 1

List of academic posts

Positions are listed in alphabetical order. They give different rights and obligations to participate in the educational (academic) process. For example, a student can learn, but can not teach. The assistant may teach, but cannot independently develop its own training course, etc.

table 2

List of administrative posts

Positions are listed in alphabetical order. It is in accordance with administrative posts, university employees receive a salary, or rather, the salary. The higher the position - the higher the salary. These posts are of particular importance for personnel and accounting department. They also build all employees in the hierarchy of chiefs and subordinates.

List of academic degrees

Two introduced in Russia Scientific degrees:

1. PhD - primary. For example, Candidate of Medical Sciences - Cand.Med.Nuk - Ph.D.

2. Ph.D - Higher . For example, Doctor Biological Sciences - Dokt.Biol.Nuk - D. BN

In order to get such a degree, it is necessary to create a special scientific work called "the thesis for the degree of candidate of such as sciences" or "the thesis for the degree of doctor of such as sciences." In addition, this dissertation is still required to "protect" in a specially reserved place - the dissertation council. Specialists in the near scientific field will be solved there, whether the dissertation of the desired degree is true. So the scientist can award, and may not to aperture. Writing and defense of the thesis is not easy and difficult work, so the scientific and organizational value of candidates and doctors of science is clearly higher than they have, but before the protection of their scientific degree.

True, we are threatened with the appearance of several more degrees, according to the sample of Western, but, naturally, the Russian Federation.

Bachelor "In essence, this is the same our graduate of a technical school or a student-depreciation of the university with" unfinished higher ", but defending his thesis, for which he receives a" degree "bachelor. This is the lowest of possible scientists degrees.

master - In the recent past, this is just a graduate of the university who defended the graduation graduation work, and not just surrendering state exams. But now the student diploma work began to be called WRC ("Grade Qualifying Work") and ceased to give a master's level. Now 2 years will have to be additionally (for extra money) to serve in the university and make a substantially, the second graduation work, now Master's. Only then will be referred to as "Master". And this work will be called "Master's Dissertation", like the candidate or doctoral. The master's degree is an academic degree reflecting the corresponding educational level of a graduate, readiness for research and scientific and pedagogical activities. The master's degree is awarded according to the results of the protection of the master's thesis.

"Doctor of Philosophy" or "Pi-Eich di" (PhD) - A popular extent of scientific departure is something intermediate between the graduation diploma and the classical Soviet candidate dissertation. True, the pessimists fear that over time they will require a higher-level hybrid - something among the candidate and doctoral dissertation. Life will show that it will actually hatch from this gilded eggs: chicken or crocodile ...

The approximate analogue of the tech degree of the doctor of science in countries with a "single-stage" system of academic degrees is the degree of Doctor of Science (D.Sc.), in countries with a "two-stage" system (for example, in Germany) - a habilitated (gabitated) doctor. After passing the hubic procedure, i.e. Protection of the second doctoral dissertation (more weight than the first), the challenger is assigned the title of a coagitated doctor (Doctor Habilitatus, Dr. Habil.)

There is also a system of academic degrees for "professional", and not research work. For example, the degree of the Doctor of Law (DL), Medicine (DM), Business Administration (DBA), etc. In many countries, they are treated as a component of a professional, not academic / research doctor, that is, it is assumed that the owner of such an extent It is engaged in appropriate practical activities, not science. Since the receipt of such degrees does not require an independent scientific research, therefore a professional doctorate is usually not considered a degree. The attribution of a particular degree to a professional or research doctor depends on the country and even from a particular university. For example, in the United States and Canada, the degree of doctor of medicine is professional, and in the UK, Ireland and many countries of the British Commonwealth.

Honor
There is still a workaround for a scientific degree without scientific work. This is the so-called "honorary degree" of the Doctor of Science (Honor Doctor or Honor Degree or Doctor Honoris Causa). It is issued by universities, academies or the Ministry of Education without passing a course of study and without registration of mandatory requirements (on publications, protection, etc.), but who have achieved great success in the case and gained fame in any field of knowledge (artists, jurisprudence, Religious figures, businessmen, writers and poets, artists, etc.). Such people are involved in teaching and lectures in the best universities of many countries of the world. Honorary diploma of Doctor of Science is not issued in medicine. The honorary degree can be as awarded and removed.

So, the scientific degree confirms the scientific qualifications of its owner and its ability to fruitful scientific activities.

List of scientists

In Russia, according to the unified register of degrees and titles approved in 2002, the following are providedscientific titles:

1. Assistant professor in the specialty according to the nomenclature of specialties of scientists or the department of an educational institution.Scientific title associates Assigns to employees of scientific organizations for research activities, and employees of higher educational institutions - for scientific and pedagogical activities.

2. Professor in the specialty or by the Department.Academic title of professor Assigns to employees of higher educational institutions and scientific organizations for scientific and pedagogical activities and preparation of graduate students.

3. Correspondent member (Corr.) Academy of Sciences.

4. Valid member (academician) of the Academy of Sciences.

System scientists more confusing than the system scientists degrees . So, distinguish the titles by specialty and by the department. In addition, extent there are only scientific (scientists), and the titles - and scientific, and pedagogical (teaching). Scientific degrees officially registers WAK (Higher Attestation Commission), and all sorts of scientists - and WAK, and the Ministry of Education, and the Russian Academy of Sciences.

How do we distinguish the concepts of "scientific degree" and "scientific title" to reduce the frequently observed confusion in this regard?

Speaking about scientists, you should distinguish title by position or just a referred position from scientific titlewhich can be kept without taking a similar position. So, you can take position professor or associate professor, but not have the same titleconfirmed by the presence of a certificate. And it is possible, on the contrary, possess titleprofessor or associate professor, have a corresponding official certificate, but not to work as a professor, but, for example, a manager, and even not work at all. So the professor with the title of professors can work, alas, not professors at all.

The case is still complicated by the fact that people working as a professor, but not having the same scientific title, to refer to themselves precisely by professors, although in reality they only occupy professor's position. It is curious that the military in this regard is more modest: for example, a colonel who occupies the general position, does not call himself as a general as long as the general rank.

So, title "Associate Professor" or "Professor" Support official certificates. Purely official names "Associate Professor" or "Professor"are not related to the official assignment of the same scientist.

At the same time, to hold a decent position in the university or in a research institution, preferably (and sometimes necessary) scientist degree. The presence of a scientific degree, posts and laid activities in this post give the right to receive scientific title.

Scientific degrees awarded as a result of the protection of dissertations, and scholars assign according to the results of scientific and pedagogical activities.

About availability scientific degree testifies diploma candidate or doctor science, and about availability scientific title - certificate Associate Professor. So official confirmation documents for degree and title called differently.

Non-state degree and titles

And another curious detail should be known. In Russia, a lot appeared Non-state Educational institutions: Academies, universities, institutions, at which there are sometimes their own non-state dissertation councils. Some of them are drunk at the full separation from the state in the face of the Higher Attestation Commission and begin to award scientists not the fact that the candidate, but even the doctors of science without the participation of Vak Just as it is accepted abroad, but in completely different conditions. After protection, such "Non-state" Scientists are immediately issued by sealing diplomas, referred to as the "crusts" people, whose forms produce or buy is not much difficult. The question of their legal force is caused by reasonable doubts ...

According to the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of January 30, 2002 No. 74, as documents on the award of scientific degrees provided for by the state certification system, only diplomas issued by the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation or other authorized state bodies are valid.

Academicians and Corre

Now in Russia scientific Academy with their academicians and correspondent members form a whole pyramid.

On the first levelAt the top of this academic pyramid, located still by Peter first in 1724 Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) which includes about a thousand corresponding members and valid members (academics). This is the Holy Holy Patriotic Science.

On the second level Academic pyramid are located state sectoral academies , such as the Academy of Medical Sciences (RAMS), Academy of Pedagogical Sciences, Academy of Architecture and Construction, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Academy of Arts and to some extent Academy of Natural Sciences (Raen). Their composition also includes valid members (academicians) and correspondent members, but the state academic "scholarships" on one and a half, and even two times lower than in the Russian Academy of Sciences, and only the Academy itself is entitled to pay State support.

On the third level Already so much non-state , public Academies and in them"Public" Academicians and corresponding members, what to count it is not easy. But in these"Academy" The state academic scholarship does not pay at all, and even, on the contrary, in order to become their participant, it is necessary to introduce an entrance fee - as a kind of fee for the right to carry the title of a corresponding member or a valid member of such non-state publicAcademy.

Similar " public Academy»Quite quickly organized also abroad Our former compatriots. They tear the titles, diplomas and certificates, making money on it, and not on science. And the number is growing in Russia"Foreign academics "Having beautiful"Fantiki ", With records in a foreign language, as if confirming their mythical international scientific status ...

The word "associate professor" with Latin translates as "learning" or "teach." Considering all sorts of titles, which are assigned to scientists, often have to face a number of issues. Associate Professor is a position or a degree? With this question we will read more in more detail in the article.

What is associate professor

Under the word "associate professor", such concepts are hiding as "position in universities" and "scientific title". Any interpretation option assumes that the associate professor is engaged in pedagogical labor and has achievements in a certain area of \u200b\u200bknowledge, being a researcher. It is worth noting that in foreign universities such a concept as a "associate professor" is practically no. In the Russian Federation it appeared in 1863, then this title fell out of scientific terminology for some time.

How to get a doctrine

The worker must be involved in the pedagogical and research sector of labor. Often he has a scientific degree of candidate of science, which is not a prerequisite for obtaining a post, which, in fact, is confirmed only by the record in the employment record. The teacher becomes an associate professor after accepting a positive decision on the Scientist Council.

To become an associate, only two conditions must be observed:

• Have a diploma of university
• Work teacher at the university - at least 3 years

Among the duties of the associate professor you can allocate the organization of administrative and research work. He participates in the development of textbooks and benefits, as well as in scientific research, reads lectures and prepares graduate students. An employee directly subordinate to the Zaverroy. Associate Professor is a scientific specialty, an intermediate link between the teacher and the professor.

Many assistants seek to become associate professors not only by position, but also by rank, because his receipt is very prestigious. But how do they become and what is required for this?

How to Get a Scientist Associate Professor Vak

To do this, you will need to go through several important stages, have research abilities and invest a lot. Requirements for the applicant: conducting pedagogical or scientific activity, good knowledge, possession of a degree, achievement in science.

Based on Verdict Vaca (Higher Attestation Commission), the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation shall be made an order for the assignment of the title to the title. Attestation case is seen within six months (sometimes up to 9 months). Thus, assign the title to the applicant has the right only to VAC.

Requirements for the candidate for the title

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 1139 established conditions, subject to which the applicant may become the owner of the scientist. Requirements for the applicant for the academic title of associate professor:

• The presence of a candidate degree (Doctor of Sciences) and a diploma about the end of the university
• Work in a teacher in the university of the Russian Federation - at least 5 years, at least 10 years - to obtain the title of professor
• Not less than 3 years - experience in the teacher in scientific specialty
• 2 years of continuous experience as an associate professor, professor, Zavdroydroy, Director, Deputy Director and other senior positions (Resolution, paragraph 10, "B")
• Work in a teacher (from 0.25 bets), including additional vocational education
• Print 3 scientific papers and 2 textbooks in peer-reviewed editions for the 3-year period (only 20 for the entire period). Exceptions are scientific works that have classified information
• The presence of an employment contract with the nomination organization, as well as the replacement of the post
• Performance of the duties of the lecturer

Assignment of title in the field of art without a degree

• Availability of a document on the end of the university
• It is necessary to publish scientific works and teaching aids
• Reading the lecture course
• Having the Honorary Honor of the Russian Federation (USSR) in the field of art or the title of a diploma (laureate) of 2 All-Russian events in a certain form of art
• Conclusion of the employment contract and the replacement of the post in the nomination organization (the list in the Resolution, paragraph 14)

If the presence of the following requirements:

• Work teacher - 5 years, according to the declared area - at least 3 years
• Continuous experience for 2 years in certain positions (resolution, p. 14, "d")
• Work in a teacher (0.25 bets)
• Preparation of two persons with the title of a diploma (laureate) under the declared area
• Must be published at least 2 scientific papers and educational publications and at least 7 works on the image of art, which is indicated in the certification case

For example, in the field of art and sports, the presence of a honorary title, the title of the laureate (champion) of the competition is also required. The applicant has to prepare at least two students who will also receive honorable places.

List of documents for ha

The applicant must provide a package of documents to the Secretary of the Academic Council of the Advanced Organization. Then she sends a certification case in the WAK for 14 days.

• Service letter
• Document with information about the employee of Jurlitsa
• Copy of part of the meeting of the meeting of the Department and Council of the Faculty
• List of educational publications and scientific works in form 16
• Confirmation of work experience - a copy of the pages from the employment record
• Extract from the order (Competition)
• Inventory
• Registration card
• reference
• Information on the preparation of students as a supervisor (consultant). List of persons and information about the work done
• Copies diplomas

Important: In 2014, an order of the Ministry of Education and Science No. 81 was published on approval of the forms of documents provided by a candidate for the title.

In their example, you can prepare in compliance with all rules and rules those documents that should receive HAC from the applicant. He approves a new form of reference and a list of published educational publications.

The list of documents is sent to the WAK in the folder. In the paper pocket put registration cards and 4 postal cards with stamps.

It is useful to know: the list of publications in form 16 is based on the order No. 1756 (Regulation No. 3). You need to make a list only those work that have passed the editorial and publishing and replication, and also have output. This list can not, for example, include newspaper articles.

ORDERS OF VAK about the assignment of a scientist

On the resource of the VAC you can find all the orders on the link http://vak.ed.gov.ru/106. The column "Diplomas, Certificates and Certificates" indicates the relevant orders. For example, you can find here information about issuing evidence. According to the results of the inspection of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, the verdict makes the assignment of the scholar title or refusal to it, information will be available on the site within 10 days.

Dear scientific and pedagogical workers KFU!

On the VAC website, answers to the most frequently asked questions are available with them.

In order to avoid misunderstandings, it is recommended to form a complete set of documents to approach the Secretariat of the Academic Council of the CFU with an employment record (it is possible with its copy), a list of publications for all the time scientific activities and individual plans for taking into account the teacher for 3 past school years (for applicants for academic title of associate professor ) And for 5 years (for applicants for the scientist of the professor) + for the current school year for advice !!!

The specialty for which can be submitted to the assignment of scholars, are listed in (species added 14.01.31, 26.00.01, the main list of special steps - unchanged). By clicking on the link, you can familiarize yourself with the passports of the nomenclature of specialties of scientists

Publications in the editions of Scopus and Web of Science can be equated to "Vakovsky" in case they are indexed in the Scopus and Web Of Science databases after January 1, 2016.

ATTENTION! To the articles of VAK "in the specialty", published since 2016, are proceedings published in journals recommended by the relevant specialty scientific direction. In the list of reviewed publications for publications since 2019, specific specialties are indicated - follow the article in which the article will be published, was recommended in the specialty on which it is planned to be a submission to the assignment of the scholar title !!!

- (Only those courses indicate, the names of which correspond to the selected specialty !!! The preparation directions must be accredited !!!) - 2 copies. ( Attention! In addition to 3 school years for associate professors and 5 - for professors (student, not in a row may be given).) Courses are required in the specialty read in the current school year. The ciphers and names of the preparation directions (column 3) are indicated by the active accreditation - see the baseRosobrandzor. FROM emphadres of branches additionally apply good quality copies (scans) of individual plans for taking into account the teacher's academic work for the period specified in the reference period - in 1 copy. and send them to the address El.pocities Secretary of the Scientific Council of the CFU)

- (If necessary) - 2 copies. (Attention! Work on the terms of hourly wage is equal to the pedagogical experience, only if there were classes in the amount of more than 225 hours during one academic year.)

- - is drawn up for the entire time of scientific and pedagogical activities - 2 copies.(Only for art specialists) - 2 copies.

- (only for specialists in the field of art) - 2 copies.

- (Only for specialists in the field of physical educational and sports) - 2 copies.

Forms of attestation documents may vary, follow information on the page!

March 25, 2019, electric power industry: generation, power grid, electricity market On a pilot project for the creation of supply aggregators and supply in electricity markets Resolution of March 20, 2019 №287. The roadmap "Energy" of the National Technological Initiative provides for the creation of a new subject of electricity markets and capacity - supply and supply aggregators. The decisions taken will allow in pilot mode to work out the mechanism for the creation and development of such aggregators to ensure the combination of consumers of electrical energy, distributed generation objects and the accumulation of electrical energy in order to jointly participate in the wholesale and retail electricity markets.

March 25, 2019, cities economy. Urban environment Approved Methods for determining the quality index of the urban environment Order of March 23, 2019 No. 510-p. The federal project "Formation of a comfortable urban environment" of the national project "Housing and the City Wednesday" by the end of 2024 provides for an increase in the quality of the urban environment by 30%, the reduction in accordance with this index number of cities with an unfavorable medium is doubled. To determine the quality index, 36 indicators characterizing the state of the urban environment and the living conditions of people will be used.

March 25, 2019, emergency settlement About implementation in 2019-2021 regional resettlement programs of citizens from emergency housing stock Order of March 16, 2019 No. 446-P, RESOLUTION of March 16, 2019 №278. In order to monitor the implementation of the subjects of the Federation in 2019-2021, regional targeted programs for the resettlement of citizens from the emergency housing fund recognized as those as of January 1, 2017 approved targets for implementing such programs. For each subject of the federation, the total area of \u200b\u200bemergency housing foundation to be resettleged is established, the number of citizens to be resettled.

March 22, 2019, Higher, Postgraduate and Continuing Education Approved new rules for targeted education in higher and secondary educational institutions Resolution of March 21, 2019 No. 302. In connection with the entry into force of changes in legislation aimed at improving targeted learning mechanisms, a provision on targeted educational programs of secondary vocational and higher education, the rules for establishing a receipt quota for targeted education in universities at the expense of the federal budget, the standard form of the target agreement learning. The implementation of targeted learning mechanisms is designed to increase the motivation of applicants and students in choosing the future place of work, to strengthen the responsibility of employers for the selection of future workers, reduce the shortage of qualified personnel in those regions where specialists are missing for the most popular economies.

March 20, 2019, Railway Transport A long-term development program for the development of Russian Railways OJSC has been approved until 2025 Order of March 19, 2019 No. 466-p. As part of the implementation of the long-term development program, Russian Railways, in particular, the development of integrated service of shippers and improving the quality of freight traffic, improving the transport mobility of people inside and between agglomerations, the development of container transportation, expanding the network of high-speed highways, development of infrastructure to ensure promising transportation volumes , Go to the "digital railway".

March 20, 2019, labor productivity and employment support On the distribution of intergovernmental transfers for retraining and improving the qualifications of employees of enterprises in order to support employment and improve the efficiency of the labor market Order of March 19, 2019 No. 463-p. Intergovernmental transfers in the amount of 1.525 billion rubles are distributed 31 subjects of the federation. The state support will allow in 2019 18,443 employees to undergo advanced vocational training and get an additional vocational education that meets the needs of employers - participants in the national project and appropriate to improve productivity.

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March 13, 2019, remuneration. Income population About improving the remuneration of employees of the budget sector Order of March 13, 2019 No. 415-p. From October 1, 2019, 4.3% will be improved by the work of workers of the budget sector of the economy employed in federal subordination institutions. The funds for these purposes are provided for in the federal budget for 2019.

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March 11, 2019, Migration Policy The program of the Belgorod region agreed to promote the voluntary resettlement of compatriots living abroad for 2020-2024 Order of March 7, 2019 №373-p. The program provides for the resettlement to the Belgorod region of compatriots in order to ensure the needs of the region's economy in qualified personnel in demand in the labor market. The implementation of the program will attract about 1900 compatriots to the Belgorod region in 2020-2024.

One of the scientific titles, which is quite common in the Environment of Higher Educational Institutions, is an associate professor. This title, like many others, has Latin roots and directly connected with our universities and academies. Interestingly, the fact that the old name is good in Russian. In foreign universities, neither the post of associate professor, nor a similar title is practically mentioned.

Origin of the word

The term "associate professor" is one of the forms of Latin verb Docere, which means "learning", "teach". Oddly enough, such a capacious scientific title did not fit in European universities. The first associates appeared in Russia in 1863. The beginning of a new post put the education reform approved by Emperor Alexander II. This decree sets its goal to standardize scientific titles and unify them in accordance with European requirements.

First associate professors

Associate Professor is a person who has a master's degree and reading lectures in a scientific institution. This title had the right to wear only full-time employees of the highest educational institution. To persons leading private lectures and working in freelance mode, did not appeal. Since 1884, this position has been renamed "Privat-Associate Professor" and remained in this form before the early 1930s. After that, the title was gone from scientific terminology. He came to replace a new one - a senior researcher (or employee).

Revival of scientific rank

Currently, in Russia and the countries of the former Soviet Union, there is also the title of associate professor, and derivatives from it. Differences in the definitions of position and scientific degree outlined the terms of responsibilities of these specialists.

In Russian, there is some confusion with the use of this term, because it is a person, and scientific title. For example, the Associate Professor of the Department is a researcher who has a higher professional education and work experience as a teacher at least three years. This position implies the obligation to organize the research and administrative work of the Department. As a rule, Associate Professor is a candidate of science leading its own research work. Having occupied this position, an employee is subordinate to the head of the department. If the scientist ceases to conduct teaching activities and leaves the university, it ceases to be called an associate professor.

Another thing is, if this title is transmitted not by position, but by specialty. Here the Associate Professor of Sciences is in the forefront. The applicant for this title should have a scientific degree not lower than the candidate and constantly conduct scientific work. Mandatory and the availability of thematic publications on the profile for a certain amount of time. After the expiration of a certain period (at least three years), the Associate Professor has the right to file documents for the provision of an appropriate title. This award is drawn up within the walls of the same university, where the candidate led its scientific and teaching activities. Associate Professor submits all the necessary documents to the Council of the Faculty, and his candidacy is considered to this position and take the appropriate decision.

Requirements

In order to be confident in obtaining this title, the applicant must:

• have a scientific degree of a doctor or candidate of science;
• have learning experience in higher educational institutions in their own specialty;
• scientific and pedagogical experience of the applicant must be at least five years;
• at least one methodological thematic article should be presented, on the list of disciplines, which are read on this department;
• there must be at least one scientific article, published after the protection of the thesis.

This is a necessary minimum for consideration of the candidacy of the applicant for the title of associate professor. Sometimes the production experience of the candidate is also taken into account.

Cepete dream

The desire to become an associate professor is observed in most young assistants who continue to work in the walls of the native university after the protection of the diploma. New masters and graduate students dream of their own lectures, about the name in scientific circles, on their own textbooks and scientific discoveries. After all, the associate professor is the immediate head of the educational process. Under appropriate conditions and the proper diligence, the researcher can become the Zavorkapler, the Dean of the Faculty, to be a curator. There is an opinion that a associate professor is just a step to the cherished rank of professor, and the Academician of Sciences. But this path is very and very difficult.

Responsibilities associate professor

To continue scientific growth, it is important to think about the theme of the next study and thesis.

It should also be very careful about the selection of the head. His status in scientific circles and reputation in the walls of the university will help make the final choice in favor of this or that candidacy. It should be noted that a good-natured scientific leader will quickly take your work. But only tough and picky make her flawless. A condescending supervisor has little chance to get a promising and indeed advanced topic. As a rule, they are not looking for heavy pathways and offer applicants proven, beaten options. The demanding supervisor is quite picky about the choice of a scientific topic, and to the methods of its disclosure, but before the scientist council, the candidate for the next scientific rank will present the perfect and carefully proven work, which can be easily protected.

A good associate professor during the school year read more than one hundred and fifty hours of lectures on thematic disciplines. Its obligations include conducting seminars and laboratory work, help students in the preparation and delivery of course and diploma projects. One of the most difficult duties in the activities of the associate professor is curatorial activities over one of the groups of students. Such experts are also often duty in students' dormitories, administrative and public loads are assigned to their shoulders. For these duties, associate professors are supposed to be an additional paid leave in the amount of 48 working days.

Associate Professor who dreams of a further scientific career is obliged to engage in research activities, publish its own articles in scientific periodicals, be aware of all the events of the scientist. Currently, each specialist has the opportunity to print their work in a foreign edition. Such publications are valued above, and payable better.

Associate professors abroad

Currently, the post of associate professor in foreign universities is absent. In the educational institutions of the United States, his duty performs the lecturer (LECTURER). He organizes and conducts lectures for students. Another position is an adjunct professor or an assistant professor - suggests organizational work. Thus, the duties of one domestic associate professor sometimes perform two or more people.