End of Yang in Armenian surnames. How did Armenian surnames appear

The emergence of Armenian surnames.

History of Armenian surnames- The phenomenon is relatively new. It can be said that the names of the Armenians were formed in the XIX-XX centuries, when the surname became an indispensable attribute of human naming. However, earlier, among Armenians, the concept of "Azganun" existed, which means the name of the genus, which to some extent replaced the surname. Such naming belonged to representatives of the authorities, indicated their place in society or approaching the royal family.

Etymology of Armenian surnames.

The meaning of Armenian surnames The most diverse. Mostly the names of Armenians are formed on behalf of an authoritative ancestor with various suffixes. If viewed list of Armenian surnames by alphabet, You can notice the advantage of surnames with the end of the on-man (Petrosyan, Ovsepyan, Chakhalyan, Margaryan). The suffixes -Etz, -nu, -unts, -Etz (Bagratuni, Adonz, Mamunz, Kalwarenz) were told about belonging to the noctive race.

Armenians are the people of artisans, the profession often became a distinctive feature of the family and laid the surname (Kartashyan-Mason, Ekkyyan-keeper, Zhaumagantian-watchman). Especially many such names in Western Armenians who were under the rule of Turkey and firmly occupied a niche of the master. Interpretation These armenian surnames Recomprehensible to Turkish words - Demirchyan (Demirchy-Kuznets), Bardakchyan (Bardakchi-Gonchar), Mumjyan (Mumji-Square).

Dictionary of Armenian surnames Includes surnames that were formed on the basis of any signs of a person. For example, Barsegegian means "prolific," Gamburyan is connected with the Turkish word "Cambur" -GUB, and Shishmanian means "fat man."

Some surnames pointed to the locality where the person came from - Arzumanyan (from the city of Erzrum), Carnisyan (from the anniversary of Carci), Meletyan (a resident of the city of Melto). The surnames with the prefixes "Melik" - and "ter" are formed a special group. The first one belonged to the noble class, and the second was used by spiritual persons and had the meaning of the "father", "Batyushka". In Soviet times, many Armenians refused these "titles", but now vintage additions are returned to their names - Ter-Petrosyan, Melik-Papashyan.

Transformation of Armenian surnames in Russian.

The closest neighborhood with the Russian culture and the residence of many Armenians in the RReritoriums of Russia led to the fact that some Armenian surnames changed their ending following the example of Russians - Sargsyan-Sarkisov, Ayvazyan Aivazov. Such Armenian surnames have generic differences (Sarkisov-Sarkisov). Declining such armenian surnamesthe same as Russians. The remaining surnames are the same for men and women and change on cases only in male genus.

Top Armenian surnames Shows which of them got the greatest and popularity.

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Armenian surname phenomenon is relatively new. Officially, the names began to be recorded only in the 19th century, during the first censuses of the population, when there was a need for people registration. Later there were passports where the names were also indicated along with the names.
It can be said that before the 19th century, there were no names in our current understanding. Meanwhile, the word "Azganun" (surname) itself means "name" ("AZG" - Rod, "Anun" - name). Mostly the names of Armenians originate on behalf of the authoritative generic ancestor, to whose behalf of suffixes expressing affiliation. In ancient, it was mostly the suffix "EANT", which was then transformed into "UC", and in modern Armenian - in the phonetic form of "Yang", and then only "Yang" remained. For example, if someone said that he was from the genus Aram, in order to show affiliation to this race, Aramarans or Aranz said. In Armenian villages, this phenomenon is to this day, that is, to the question "Whose will you?" The answer is - Daviden or Ashotenz.
When in the 19th century began to record surnames, the end of "C" began to be automatically discarded. Meanwhile, some Armenians, the ancestors of which have long left Armenia and moved to Russia (where the names appeared earlier than in Armenia) the surnames retained the end of the "Yanz".
Until now, in the south of Armenia, in the area of \u200b\u200bZangezur, a large number of surnames are preserved in the "UC", "OC", "ONTS", for example, Adonz, Bakuntz, Calwarenz. According to scientists, these are dialectful forms of education that are preserved in the area.
In addition to the most common form of education, the names of the names, part of Armenian surnames comes from the names of those or other professions. The craft, as a rule, moved from generation to generation, and the name of the crafts turned to the name of the genus or family. It also happened that someone from the kind or several representatives were so famous for their skill, which became famous jewelers, bricklayers or bakeries and their descendants were unarked by the same names of Rosechyan ("Roshlerich" - Jeweler), Kartashyan ("Kartash" - Camer) , Ekkyyan ("EKOK" - doctor), Zhaumagantyan ("Zhamagorts" - a chapter), etc.
It is worth mentioning the origin of West Armenian surnames. Centuries Eastern and Western parts of Armenia developed separately from each other and were part of various empires. Eastern Armenia was under the rule of Persia, and then Russia, and the Western - Ottoman Turkey. Separate existence of two parts of the Armenian people affected the names. So, in many West Armenian surnames, many of which today are representing the Armenian diaspora today, the end of "EAN" was not replaced by "Yang", but on - "Ian". In addition, very often in such a type of surnames, which indicate the craft, there are Turkic roots and such roots many in Armenian surnames. This is due to the fact that Armenians in the Ottoman Empire very thoroughly held a niche of artisans. Therefore, the names of many Armenians, the ancestors of which come from Western Armenia, mean the name of the crafts, and in Turkish.
For example, the surname of the former Armenian communist leader, and then the speaker of the National Assembly of the Republic of Armenia Karen Demirchyan, comes from the Turkish word "Demirchi", that is, the blacksmith. Most likely, the ancestors of the former Armenian leader took place from Western Armenia, which is part of the Ottoman Turkey, and were blacksmiths.
According to the corresponding member of the National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, Etnographer Levon Abrahamyan, the presence of the letter "h" in Armenian surnames, and such a lot, as a rule, points to the craft, because in Turkish it is the end of the "Chi" is an indicator of the craft. For example, Bardakchyan's surname occurred from "Bardakchi", that is, potter.
One of the quarters of Yerevan, in which the Muslim population lived in a significant number at the beginning of a century, so far is called silica, translated from Turkish "silica" means a dye. In this area of \u200b\u200bthe Armenian capital once lived dyeers.
Some surnames also formed from nickname. For example, the name of Svadan originated from the word "Shat". Apparently the ancestors of the current Svaddanov received their nickname, because they had many children.
But, if there were no names for the villagers and artisans up to the 19th century, for it was assumed that the common people were not needed by the surname, it was otherwise the situation with noble childbirth. In contrast to the versators, the names of noble childbirth were sealed to deep antiquity. But the form of education was the same, that is, it was identified to those or another kind, and in the case of king to one or another dynasty.
Already in antiquity and in the Middle Ages, noble names were necessarily named afternarms - Mamikonan, usually representatives of this kind were military orders, Horchoruni - King's bodyguards, Gnuni were royal winnuricles, etc.
Belonging to the noblence was denoted by the suffix "Uni". Thus, the surnames with the suffix "Uni" in antiquity and in the Middle Ages were inherent in noble childbirth - Amatuni, Bagratuni, Rstuni, Arzruni, Hororuni, etc.
A number of scientists believe that the names of this type occur from the URART language, in which the belonging was denoted by the end of the "Uni". Meanwhile, the people have their own, far from scientific, but a peculiar interpretation of the origin of the names of Armenian nobility. According to folk etymology, the end of "Uni" comes from the word "Unlen" - to have, in this case, have a wealth. According to Levon Abrahamyan, this is an incorrect interpretation, since the security is in no way expressed in the names or surnames: "It is not typical for education names."
Some of the Armenian surnames were formed from the locality name, often such names were ancient or medieval Armenian scientists and writers. For example, Anania Shiracatsi Armenian geographer, mathematician and astronomer, who lived in the VII century, Grigor Tatevatsi - a philosopher and theologians, who lived in the XIV century. The surnames also wore other Armenian scientists, such as the creator of the Armenian alphabet and writing - Mesrop Mashotots, who lived in the V century.
In some Armenian surnames still preserved the prefixes "Melik", indicating the noble origin and "ter", which was used by spiritual persons and makes sense "father", "Vladyka", "Batyushka". Now many of them are those whose grandfathers fearing the wrath of Soviet power, got rid of the prefix "Melik" and "ter", re-return their original names. Some Armenians were assigned to children names by the name of the grandfather, but later, this tradition disappeared due to problems associated with paper fiber. There is another tradition that remains unchanged: the overwhelming majority of Armenians, coming married, in a sign of respect for their parents continues to wear devili family names.

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In general, speaking of Armenian surnames, it is important to remember that initially surnames, as well as the names, had a scene value. The name most often reflects the individual totem of man (Koryun - Lionok, Arzvi - Eagle, Arshak - Bear, Beznik - Buffalo, Casting - Bull, etc.), while the names denoted either Totem Clan (Bznuni - Falcon, Vagratspers - Tiger, Variations - Wear, etc.) Or simply called the name of the tribe (Mokaz - the tribe of Moksa / Moschov, Suni - "Lake" tribe, etc.). Thus, the surname was initially indicated on the tribal or clan carrier affiliation. Later, surnames, zyunakan (Ice suppliers in the Tsarsky Dvor), Gnuny (Tsarist Vinolrypi), Gnuny (Zarmeni) are an important point: during the emergence of the state subsidiaries. Ordinary people had only names; A simple people of the surname appeared somewhere in the late Middle Ages or in a new time. The characteristic end of the ancient Aristral aristocratic surnames was -ունի (-uni more precisely, -OWNI). Indo-European root and can be correlated with Slavic "-OV" or "-OP". Arzruni \u003d Orlovsky (or literally eagle), Bznuni \u003d Sokolovsky (or literally falcant), etc. Already to 1 century to our era, and maybe earlier, the end of -եան (-EAN) appears, which over time ( In the process of transition from Grabar to Ashharabar) turns into familiar to us "-Yan." This particle also has a general-European origin and this time can be comparable with English -Ian (for example: Brazil, Brazil -\u003e Brazilian, Brazilian), that is, refers to belonging: waxenhane \u003d Zolotarevsky, Darbinian \u003d Kuznetsovsky, Ambartsumyan \u003d Voznesensky, etc. .. The Armenians also meet other names with the endings characteristic of the regions. Let's say, in Syunik, the end of the end of Yants, -Ezdz or -uz: Sevunz, Brutenz, Swaitz, Yorganz, etc. Many West Army names have the Turkic-Armenian endings -Jian: Momjyan, judges, etc., where "J" (accurate, "Ji") denotes a profession - from the Turkish "Ci" ("Chi"). For example, the ancestors of the name of the surname judges, most likely, had a relation to water, could be water carriers (from SU - Water and Ci - Master). Forcingly the Armenian Nobility, served the names with the end of the "-News" undoubtedly belong to the Armenian noble childbirth (of course If the last name is real, and not artificially adopted, as in the case of the first prime minister of Armenia Kajaznuni). Bagratuni, Arzruni, Horchoruni, Rstuni - all this are offacarious nobles from indigenous Armenian aristocratic childbirth. Some surnames with the end of "-yan" are also aristocratic, but it is already harder to figure it out, because there may be one-facilities from another unviverance. For example, a person with the surname of Mamikonan can be completely unreard with the birth of Vardan Mamikonan. Artsakh and some other Armenian noble gods have the prefix of Melik- (Melik-Shahnazaryan, Melik-Ohanyan, etc.).

Where do Zhugashvili and Tsereteli surnames come from? What connects Armenian surnames with Turkish? Why are the Azerbaijanis abolish in their names "Russian" endings? We answer these and other questions.

Georgian surnames

The origins of Georgian surnames Ethnographers refer to the VII-VIII centuries. They often took place from the area of \u200b\u200bresidence, a little less often - from occupations, names, patientities or generics (for example, amilax or erystavi).
The structure of Georgian surnames is the same as in most others: root + suffix. By suffixing the surname, in many cases, it is possible to understand which region it takes place and which ethnic group owns its carrier. For example, in the surname megrelov often ends on "-ua" (Tokaou, Gogua) or "-iya" (Gamsakhurdia, Beria), and Lazza - on "-shi" (Halwashi, Tugushi).
Linguists allocate 13 major types of suffixes. In many areas of Georgia, mostly in Imereti, Guria, Adjara, Herchumi, the surnames with the suffix "-dze", which is translated as "Son" (Gongadze, Shevarnadze, Dumbadze). According to the data for 1997, the name with such an end was 1,649,222 people.

The second prevalence follows the suffix "-shvili". Its translation is very close to the previous suffix - "child", "Child", but sometimes it's just a "descendant". By 1997, there were 1,303,723 surnames with suffix "-shvili". Such an end in Kakheti and Kartli (Peikrishvili, Kululashvili, Eledashvili) is very common.

Popular in Georgian surnames also suffix "-Iani". This "Svan" ending, which is more characteristic of Western regions of Georgia. Often, such a suffix indicates the notable origin of the generator. For example, Dadshkeliani, Dadiani and Gelovani are princely surnames.
The education of Georgian surnames has various sources. Some of them comes from baptismal names - Nichradze, Georgadze, Davitashvili. Some last names lead their origin from Muslim names. For example, Jalagon's surname is formed from the Muslim male named Jalal ("Majesty", "Glavnya") and Georgian noun "Goni" ("Mind", "reasoning"). There are names related to animals - Lominadze ("Loam" - "Lion"), Jugashvili ("Dzug" - "Otar", "Freight").
Quite often, Georgian surnames are tied to any terrain. Her first carrier often became at the origins of the princely kind. This is the surname of Tsereteli, which comes from the name of the fortress and the same name village, located in the north of the Zemot region - "Courts".

Armenian surnames

Armenian surnames are a relatively new phenomenon. At the very least, they officially become registered only from the XIX century, when the population census began and the need for documents began. However, in the aristocratic families of the surname appeared in the Middle Ages - Mamikonany, Arzruni, Amatuni, Rstuni. According to the traditions, the words "AZG" ("") were set to noble last names. It sounded like "Rod Mamikoyanov" or "Arzruni House".
Before the emergence of surnames in a common medium in order to distinguish two people who wearing the same name could speak, for example, as follows: "Ik grandson Arno" and "Ik grandson Garbon". Sometimes a person was given a characteristic nickname - "Chrome Amyak", or "Anait, having twelve children." The need for education names arose with the development of society and the strengthening of the population migration.
Mostly, Armenian surnames occur from a generic ancestor, to whose behalf of the ending, denoting belonging. Such an end has undergone a noticeable evolution: in Ancient and Armenian, it was a suffix "-Eanz", which was transformed into "-enz." In modern Armenian, he adopted the phonetic form of "-Yenz", which later lost "C", turning into the "-yan."
If earlier, to show affiliation to any kind said, for example, Daviden, now it sounds like Davidyan. However, the last "C" disappeared in all the names. So some Armenians who moved to Russia in the XIX century this end was saved. But both in Armenia itself, in particular, in the Zangezura district, such names are still found - Adonz, Bakuntz, Calwarenz.
The most common form of education of Armenian surnames from names, but often they originate from the name of professions and crafts - ACUTUHYAN ("Baker"), Rosecryan ("Jeweler"), Ekkyyan ("Leak", Kartashyan ("Mason") or are based on a characteristic Damn man - Chahatyan ("Lysius"), Karchikyan ("Dwarf").
The names of the inhabitants of Western Armenia have their own feature. The entry of this part of the country, the Ottoman Empire affected the fact that the roots of many Armenian surnames have a Turkish origin. Thus, the surname Demirchyan comes from the Turkish word "Demirchi" - "Kuznets". Ethnographer Levon Abrahamyan notes that the letter "h" in Armenian surnames as a rule indicates the craft, because in Turkish the names of the crafts ends on the "Chi", for example, "Bardakchi" ("Gonchar"). The derivative of this word Armenian surname - Bardakchyan.
A curious feature of some Armenian surnames is the Melik's prefix, indicating the noble origin (Melik-Hakobyan), as well as "ter", which was used by the spiritual persons and meant "Father", "Lord" (Ter-Petrosyan).

Azerbaijani family names

The emergence of the names of Azerbaijanis falls at the beginning of the XX century - mainly, these are the first years of establishing the Soviet power in Azerbaijan. Back in the XIX century, the anthroponymic model of Azerbaijanis consisted of the main name and name of the Father. In men, the words "oglu" or "Zade" were added to them (both mean Son), for example, Ibrahim Sattar Oglu, and to a woman - "Kyzy" ("Daughter") - for example, Reikhan Kurban Kyza.
However, such names were characteristic of representatives of privileged classes, they were the first to receive surnames since the formation of Soviet Azerbaijan. At ordinary people, a two-way anthroponymic model was preserved for some time - a nickname-distinct and the name joined to him: for example, Kecal Mamed ("Bald Mammad"), Cholag Abdullah ("Chrome Abdullah") or Uzun Hasan ("Long Hasan").
As the basis of the first Azerbaijani surnames often took the name of the father or grandfather. Such a name was joined unchanged, but with him a word that denotes his son or daughter, for example, Aliaga Selimzade was merged. Similar names are encountered now - Jafaroglu, Safaroglu, Ramazanzade. However, in the first years of Soviet power, the Azerbaijanis began to take Russified options for the names - Aliyev, Samadov, Vesirov, Mansurov.
Despite the fact that the overwhelming majority of Azerbaijani surnames are patronms, occasionally there are surnames, are associated with the acquisition of activities, for example, the name of Vekovilov comes from the word "Velik" ("lawyer", "Defender").
The names in which there is the word "khan" - Talishhanov, Gubakhanov, Shekihanov imply belonging to a noctive race. For example, the surname of Bakyhatanov leads its origin from the Baku Khan.
Azerbaijani surnames are widely walking outside the country. According to the Agency of the Civil Register of the Ministry of Justice of Georgia, in 2011, two Azerbaijani-Mamedov (25,968 people) and Aliyev (17,605) were in the five most common names of Georgia.
In March 2013, the Azerbaijani Ministry of Justice decided to return to Azerbaijani surnames their original sound. From now on, they will be erected at the "-Zade", "-EGUL" and "-Kyza". This decision in the ministry was explained by the fact that the Turkic, Iranian and Arab roots of Azerbaijani surnames are not combined with Russian suffixes and "-Ev".

Surname ("Azganun" - Arm.) - In Armenian, means the name of the genus. But initially generic items were not, because people lived with small groups, isolated, and everyone knew each other well. Well, if it happened so that several Aramov lived in one settlement or several Anait, they defined them in a different way: for example, Aram, the grandson of the Garnish, or Aram - the grandson of Ik. Or always found any characterizing feature, for example, chrome Amyak or, Anait, which has ten children. With the emergence of cities when skill separated from agriculture, trading developed, and people had to move from one locality to another, there was a need to recognize people so-called last names, since it was no longer possible to be content only with name or nickname. Basically, then I had to point out the place where a person comes from where a person, for example: Anania Shirakatsi, Grigor Tatevatsi, etc., was very common, to the name of the person, the name of the main activity was joined - Mkrthch Nikash, Nikohaios Tsakhkarar, David Kertoh, Grigor Magistros, etc. Over time, already in the ancient and middle ages, noble families were necessarily surnames - Arzruni, Amatuni, Mamikonyan, Rshtuni. In the future, mentioned famous childbirth, the words "AZG" ("Rod") or Tun ("House", "Smoke" were added to recognized names. For example, "Rod Mamikonanov", "Rod of Rstuni", or "Arzruni House", etc. Passed times, life dictated her conditions, ordinary people began to be called on the last name. It happened that someone from the genus or several generations of his representatives was so famous in their skills, were famous jewelers, bricklayers, bakeries, that their descendants were already inherited to be made by the same names, respectively - Roses (Jeweler), Kartashyan (Mason) , Hattukhian (baker), etc. Also in the surnames were also transformed and nicknames (Chahatyan - Lysius, Karchikayan - Dwarf), etc. Basically, the Armenians began to occur on behalf of the authoritative generic ancestor, to which the prefix or suffix was added , expressing affiliation or related communication - "Yang", "Yang", "UH", "OC", "OTC", "Uni". Most common surnames ending on Yang (Margaryan, Aramyan, Zhambocyan), etc. "Yang" was formed from the form of the "Yantz", which also means that "EC" (Margaryan - Margaryantz is Margarent, that is, relating to the genus Margarh). Surnames with the suffix "Uni" in antiquity and in the Middle Ages were inherent in Nahararian childbirth (Amatuni, Bagratuni, Rshtuni), as a feature of accessories for high genus. Surnames with UNC suffixes, "OC", "OTC" are common in Zangezure, for example, Adonz, Bakuntz, Mamunz, Calwarenz and also means belonging to the family.
We tried to collect the importance of the most common Armenian surnames for you. If you have additional information about a surname, or you know the values \u200b\u200bof the names that are not specified with us, we will be grateful to you if you share this information with us !!