Concise English grammar. Crazy English grammar

Learning any language requires familiarity with grammar. Without it, it is impossible to correctly express thoughts, building sentences. The grammar includes within its boundaries important sections of the language: morphology and syntax. If you miss this moment from the curriculum, then you can forget about serious achievements in the field of language. Speech applies to both the written and oral parts of it. Do not forget: the achievement of the goal depends on motivation.

It should be noted that English grammar online will allow you to independently study the structure, as well as focus on the ability to create sentences from words. In this case, it is supposed to work on different levels of complexity. Therefore, you can progress on your own.

English grammar

You can't do without grammar!

So, let's consider those moments that are associated with the study of the grammatical structure of the English language. To put it more clearly, let's analyze the advantages of having a good grammar level.

1. Comprehension of speech. How will the interlocutor understand us if we cannot correctly formulate the thought? In order not to be unfounded, we will give an example. I buy dress. What is it? The translation is: "I'll buy a dress." It is unclear when this will happen. And many nuances of meaning are simply missing. Let's change the proposal a little. I want to buy a dress. Everything is clear here, because the translation is: "I want to buy a dress." As you can see, the first point of the reasons why it is worth learning grammar is obvious. Perhaps this is the most important factor.
2. Speech is not only literate, but also beautiful; this is the magic of influencing the interlocutor. And this is important both in work and in personal life. A person who possesses the art of public speaking is able to receive cherished goals. He disposes of other people. And this is extremely important in our information age, where speaking is key. Don't forget that online English grammar will keep you constantly practicing. This is important on the way to mastering the language. The English language is cunning in that, with all its relative simplicity, it requires constant honing of skills. Otherwise, all work will go in vain. System required. When learning new things, it is important to repeat the old as well; then the positive effect will not be long in coming. When learning any language, it is important to observe such continuity: the new is learned, and the old is repeated.

Debunking the myth

Some readers will wonder why English did not give the proper results at school. After all, so many years are devoted to the study of grammar! But at school they don't communicate much in this language. Hence the futility. But if there is constant communication, then learning grammar will be a good basis for progression. The theory will become clear in practice. Therefore, it is important to speak. If there are no people around who can speak English to you, then speak to yourself. Yes, this is a little strange, but this is also practice.

Start learning Englishbasically boils down to orderly actions, day in and day out. Today we will look at the main "corset" on which such a large fish as the English language is held. For some, this information may be enough, but for those who nevertheless decided to delve into all the subtleties, it is worth not dwelling on these rules.Learn English firstnot difficult, you just need to understand its foundation.

For those who are just starting to learn English, today's digest will seem quite exhaustive.

Those who consider themselves advanced in this area and these rules are no longer news, it will not be superfluous to repeat what they have learned. As you know: "Repetition is the mother of learning!"

We tried to compress as much as possible a huge amount of information, let's see what came of it. In fact, the grammar of the English language is pretty easy to understand.

Today we will analyze only a part, and of course we will continue in the next publications.

Nouns
In English theydo not incline, and in the plural, a letter is added to them at the end-s or two letters -es:

In words ending-y, plural, ending with two lettersie:

Ending in letters-f, or -fe, plural changef on v, and added to them-es:

Ending in-ief, -oof, -ff, -rf,plural get-s.

Let's not forget that if there is a rule, then an exception is somewhere nearby:

When we need to designate the belonging of something to someone, the noun acquires a letter’S, BUT with an apostrophe:

In cases with inanimate objects, the situation is as follows:

The preposition is usedof, while the noun itself does not change.

And since the topic has gone about prepositions: they are often used not only to connect words in a sentence, but also in such an interpretation, and then they are not translated at all:

Article

These are tiny words that cling to nouns like little bugs, they are practically not translated into Russian.

And there are a lot of such features that at first glance are not clear to us, but we will return to them another time.

And for those who have nevertheless read to the end, we have reserved very necessary phrases, without which it is impossible to imagine every day.

"Greetings and introductory phrases"

Farewell Phrases

Colloquial vocabulary - this is just 1 of 7 parts of the accelerated English learning system that we showed in the last online master class.

If you know a bunch of words, but you don't have 6 other parts of the system. You do not know English and will not be able to communicate fluently. In addition to vocabulary, you need to train English grammar... But not like many do it in courses and with tutors, apart from practice, studying a lot of tablets with times. This is tantamount to learning to swim on the signs. Or learn to drive a car using formulas? How far will you sail or will you go? I doubt…

Need to train your grammar naturally and regularly, like muscles in the gym? To do this, you must constantly listen and repeat whole phrases with different grammatical constructions to automatism. When you listen to and repeat 10-20 phrases at the same time, your brain begins to catch the logic of the use of time. As a result, you not only memorize the phrase, but also imprint into the subconscious an understanding of the times, how and when to use different temporary constructions. For example, this is how our students do it for the fastest possible results.

But that's not all. To speak fluently, you need to master the following skills perfectly:

• Nice pronunciation. At the last master class at the end of the broadcast, we delivered the correct pronunciation of complex sounds of English to our guests in 10 minutes.
• Ability to write and read correctly(We often do this in real life.) Agree, you need to be literate?
• Ability to hear the fast speech of native speakers and understand it! This skill is also being practiced on speaking simulators, which we showed at the master class.
• The ability to speak fluently, without a terrible accent? (For this, it is necessary to repeat after the speakers more often, comparing speech, to try to speak more. We also quickly practice this skill on the English Revolution simulators)

Now you know what you need to level up to speak English fluently. So don't waste your time on the courses. Do only what works. We have tested this on 20,000 students from all over the world.

And those who want to go the fast track and not look for the Magic Pill in English for years, can use our ready-made English Revolution system, which already includes everything that is described above. Under this system, the average journey from zero to fluent English for our students takes only 6 months. Yes, these are not years, as many are accustomed to. Only 6 months old and you speak. Is it hard to believe? Watch thousands of video testimonials at?

By the way, today we still have 50% discount for all English Revolution training packages. Due to numerous requests, we decided to extend this promotion for a short time. Also, whoever buys training TODAY receives a second set of training for a friend or relative as a GIFT! This has never happened and is unlikely to be. Don't miss your chance to learn English in months and save big! You can book a discount by clicking the button below.

What does English grammar look like by level?

In this post, we will discuss in detail what grammar is taught at different levels of English learning - from beginner to advanced. Let's see examples of this grammar and do a little test.

Just in case, let me remind you that grammar is just one aspect of language learning. Necessary, useful, yes. But far from the only one.

And how good it would be - I learned grammar and, consider myself, mastered English))

English grammar by level

You will find that the same grammar is often repeated at different levels. For more information on why this is happening, see. In short:

• not all grammatical constructions are learned the first time (repetition is the mother of learning)))
• at low levels phenomena are considered separately from each other, and at higher levels they are compared with each other
• as the level of English improves, it turns out that each grammatical structure has nuances and subtleties about which the insidious teachers are silent for the time being so as not to create confusion

English grammar by level - in different textbooks - looks about the same. Therefore, I will take as a basis one of the most popular textbooks - English File.

By the way, this English grammar by levels can be a kind of test. Take a look at any section and see if you understand sentences with grammar examples? But - more importantly - do you use such constructs in speech? If not, it may not be your level yet. If so, go to the next level and do the same.

English grammar level - a short way to the desired section:

Beginner / Starter level grammar

At the Beginner level, the basics of the basics are passed - the simplest constructions. At the same time - and the most important, because all the complex grammar of higher levels will be based on them.

At this level, a lot of attention is paid to forms - again, to achieve a certain automatism in simple things like I am, you are, he is. Beginner-level grammatical constructions are mostly treated separately to avoid confusion of comparisons and nuances.

Elementary grammar

The Elementary level is very similar to the previous level. I will say more, often instead of Beginner, my students and I take Elementary right away, we just go through it a little more thoroughly.

The Elementary grammar repeats almost one-to-one the grammar of the previous level.

Pre-intermediate grammar

At the Pre-intermediate level, they are already beginning to compare different designs with each other and find out the nuances. Why is it better to say somewhere I study economics, and somewhere - I "m studying economics.

Intermediate grammar

At the Intermediate level, familiar phenomena are also compared with each other and, of course, new ones are studied.

Upper-intermediate grammar

To the advanced level Upper-intermediate usually comes the enlightenment of the foundations of the foundations already passed. It remains to repeat them a little and proceed to the interesting and intricacies of grammar.

Advanced grammar

That's all English grammar by level.

Does English grammar end after the Advanced level? No, of course not)) If you look at the levels, there is also the Proficiency level, but the lines of conversational courses really end at the Advanced level.

Perhaps this is because:

• even an ambitious user of English rarely needs a level higher than Advanced (not to mention the average learner who stay in the Intermediate area)
• at high levels, people already know how to find the necessary authentic materials on their own and independently organize their training
• at high levels, many are thinking about a more practical and targeted use of English - for example, preparing for international exams (IELTS, TOEFL and others) or specialized courses in the profession

And there are still a lot of subtleties even after the Advanced level!

How do you like English grammar by levels?

Did you manage to determine your level with her help? Share in the comments!

Friends, each language has its own basic rules for grammar, spelling, syntax, etc. English is no exception. On the pages of our site you can find a detailed description of each section of grammar, reading rules, syntactic rules, speech patterns of the English language.

In this article, we will not dwell on each section of the language in detail.

Our today's material is intended specifically for beginners in learning a language, for those who took up English from scratch. We want to present you with the most basic, most important and necessary rules of the English language, which you will encounter everywhere, while mastering this language. If you are ready, then 15 basic rules are waiting for you!

You need to know these rules!

So, dear readers, now you will get acquainted with the basic rules of English from different sections of the language. They relate to grammar and speech and syntax and much more. All you need to do is read the rules carefully and thoughtfully, pay attention to the examples and, of course, memorize! Optionally, you can rewrite this information in your English notebook or notebook. Thus, you can always remind yourself of what you need in a particular exercise.

Rule # 1

After modal verbs, the particle to not used. We are speaking:

• Imust learn Englishmodalverbs. - I have to learn English modal verbs.
• You should listen to your parents. “You should listen to your parents.
• May I take yournotebooktillSunday? - Can I borrow your laptop by Sunday?

And we in no way say: must to learn; should to listen; may to take etc.

Rule # 2

You cannot use a definite / indefinite article with a pronoun:

• I love my mother... - I AMI lovemymom.
• Where is your friend now? - Wherenowis yoursfriend?
• Yesterday I met Tom and his wife... “I met Tom and his wife yesterday.

It cannot be said: the my mother or my the mother; the your friend or your the friend... You can immediately see how absurd it looks, and even more so, sounds. It hurts your ears!

Rule # 3

Adverbs of the English language (to the question "how?") Are formed according to the scheme: adjective + ending ly:

• Perfect - perfect ly- excellent, wonderful, wonderful
• Quick - quick ly- fast, agile
• Rapid - rapid ly- quickly
• Quiet - quiet ly- quiet
• Nice - nice ly- cute
• Easy - easi ly- easily
• Beautiful - beautiful ly- beautiful

• He entered the room quietly... - Hequiethas enteredvthe room.
• Tom did his homework perfectly fine! - Volumedidmyhomeexcellent work (incredibly good)!
• Suelooksbeautifully today. - Sue looks pretty today.

Rule No. 4

Use PresentSimple, after alliances if,assoonas,before,when,till,until,after,incase in time sentences and conditions referring to the future:

• When I finish school, I will go to my grandparents in the countryside. - WhenI amfinishschool, I amI will goTomygrandfatherandgrandmothervthe village.
• After you study your family tree, you will find out where you descend from. - AfterTogo, howyoustudygenealogicaltreeyourfamilies, youdiscover, fromwhomyouhappen.
• Your elder brother will certainly help you if you ask- Is yoursolderbrothernecessarilywill helpyou, ifyouhisask.

Rule No. 5

The word order in an English sentence is as follows:

Subject + predicate + direct object + indirect object + circumstance

Subject + predicate + direct object + indirect object + adverbal modifier

• Isentyoualetterlastweek. “I sent you a letter last week.
• I saw Mike in the club. - I AMsawT-shirtvclub.
• It was sunny yesterday. - YesterdayIt wassunny.

In the Russian sentence, liberties are allowed, and there is no definite word order in it, it all depends on the emotion embedded in it. Everything in the English sentence is clear and strict.

Rule No. 6

Phrasal verbs (verb + preposition) of the English language have their own, separate meaning and their own translation. For example:

To look- watch; to look for- search

To put- put, put; to put on- put on

Compare:

• Put the plates on the table, please. - Putplatesontable, please.
• It is cold outside; put on your coat. - Onthe streetcold, put oncoat.

Rule No. 7

The most general rule for the definite and indefinite articles of the English language: the indefinite article is placed where nothing is known about the subject; the definite article is used where something is known about the subject.

• I see a The girl walking down the street is very beautiful. - I AMseegirl... The girl walking down the street is very pretty.

Rule No. 8

The ending - ed typical for past tenses only regular verbs. Irregular verbs have their own form for each past tense. For example:

Look -looked BUT! Bring -brought -brought

Rule No. 9

There are 4 types of questions in English:

We go to the theater every Saturday. - Wewalkvtheatreeverysaturday.

• General(general): Do we go to the theater every Saturday? -Wewalkvtheatreeverysaturday?
• Special(special): Where do we go every Saturday? -Wherewewalkeverysaturday?
• Alternative(alternative): Do we go to the theater every Saturday or every Sunday? -WewalkvtheatreeverysaturdayoreverySunday?
• Disjunctive(separating): We go to the theater every Saturday, don’t we? -Wewalkvtheatreeverysaturday, notSowhether?

Rule No. 10

To form an impersonal sentence, you need a pronoun It:

• It is cold today. - Todaycold.
• It is morning. - Morning.
• It is difficult to translate this text. - Thistexthardtranslate.

The rule № 11

After alliances asif,asthough(as if, as if, as if, as if) in the conditional mood, the verb tobe in the 3rd person singular takes the form were:

• She speaks so proudlyas if she weren’t guilty. - She speaks so proudly, as if it is not her fault.
• Tom looks as though he were rich. - Volumelooks likeSoas ifherich.

Rule No. 12

Conditional incentive sentences in the 1st and 3rd person are formed using the word Let:

• Let me have a look at these pictures. - Let me take a look at these pictures.
• Let him sleep, he is tired. - Givehissleep, hetired.

Rule No. 13

Everybody knows what the word is many is used with countable nouns, and the word much- with uncountable ones. But, if suddenly, you find it difficult, in doubt, forgot the rule or do not understand which noun is in front of you, feel free to use a combination of words alotof... It works for both kinds of nouns.

• Many birds - a lot of birds
• Much sugar - a lot of sugar

Rule No.14

Many English words are polysemic, that is, they can have several meanings. It depends on the context and meaning of the sentence. To better understand the translation, you should refer to the dictionary and clarify in what context the word is used.

• Toshoot- shoot on video; toshoot- fire
• Country- country; country- village, village

Rule No. 15

Verb do can replace the main verb in a sentence. For example.

Any discipline studied, simple or complex, cannot do without a basic structure, without a core. In a language it is grammar, and in grammar rules are such a core. In this article I will try to talk at least a little about such an extensive and complex problem as the rules of English grammar, of which there are a lot, however, as well as exceptions. We will focus on the most important ones.

Blindly cramming the rules is not necessary, and it is useless, you just need to understand the grammar. Having an idea of ​​the system and structure of the language, understanding its means and mechanisms, the basic rules with which it operates, you can hone your practical skills, and sometimes consult reference books to clarify any points, or when your intuition does not tell you the right answer.

If you periodically have hesitations about the correctness of the use of numbers, the choice of words, their order, then take a look at the code of laws of English grammar. This article will help you resolve your doubts about the difficult or problematic points of the English language. I have selected the most common grammatical problems faced by people who decide to master a foreign language.

Articles - three special words in English

In English, special words are used - articles. There are two of them - the definite article the and the indefinite a (an is placed before nouns starting with a vowel). In most cases, this official word is placed only in front of nouns. The indefinite article is applied exclusively to countable nouns in the singular, while the definite article is used using both singular and plural nouns, whether they are countable or not.

There are times when the article is not used at all. They need to be remembered.

So, the article is not used at all if the noun is preceded by:

cardinal number (one, two, three);

There are ten boys in the team - there are ten boys in the team.

possessive or demonstrative pronoun (this, our, that, my, etc.);

My flat is not big, but modern - My flat is small but modern.

another noun in the possessive case (my sister's, Sam's etc.);

negation of "no" (not "not"!).

I have no book - I have no book.

Note: if a noun in the possessive case serves as an adjective in a sentence, the use of the article in this case is possible.

It’s a children’s room (children's room).

The article is not placed before uncountable nouns that denote an abstract concept or an indefinite amount of a substance.

I don’t like milk, I prefer juice. - I do not like milk, I prefer juice (juice, milk - in general)

Kindness is one of the most important things in the world. - Kindness is one of the most important things in the world (kindness is an abstract concept).

The article is not used with the names of sports:

I am fond of box, and my sister prefers sport dancing. - I love boxing, and my sister prefers sports dances.

The article is not placed before proper names (some geographical names are exceptions).

The order of constructing sentences

In Russian, the meaning of what is said does not depend on the sequence of words. The meaning of a phrase or proposition is not affected in any way by the order in which the words are arranged. In English, there is its own order of construction of phrases and sentences, the observance of which is mandatory, otherwise the meaning of what is said will be different or the sentence will simply lose its meaning and form.

So, the correct sequence of words:

The Subject always appears first, followed by the Predicted, then the Complement - What? Circumstances - Where and When, and Definition - Which? is placed between the article and the word that it defines: The green room ...

The possessive case of the word (Whose?) Determines the next noun and is always placed in the preposition (before) of the noun being defined. The analogue in Russian is the possessive adjective or the genitive case: children’s room - children's room or children's room.

But definitions in English are also arranged in a specific order. To memorize their sequence, you need to learn the word "OPSHACOM", which is consonant with the Russian "COMMON". The basis of this word is formed by the first letters of the definitions in the required sequence:

• Opinion - opinion
• Shape - shape
• Age - age
• COlour - color
• Material - material

Indefinite adverbs and adverbs of frequency are set in the preposition in relation to the main verb, but in the postposition in relation to "to be", as well as in the postposition of the first auxiliary verbs and the second "have". Unclear? This is for now. As soon as you come across such adverbs, remember this rule.

It is worth remembering the "rule of one time": in a simple sentence, any grammatical unit can be used once, and the closer to the beginning of the proposition, the more correct and better. Negation is also used only once. And in complex polyfunctional units after the past tense, only the past is used and no other.

Uncertain present tense

This time is used to show an action that is constantly taking place in the present or to express generally accepted truths. For example: Every morning I wash up or The moon shines at night.

The infinitive form converges with Present Indefinite, except for “to” in all persons, except for the third person in the singular, which accepts the ending “-s (-es)”. In this case, this ending is pronounced differently:

• After vowels and voiced consonants - [z] - writes
• After the consonants of the deaf - [s] - tells
• After whistling and hissing, as well as letter combinations ss, sh, ch, x - [iz] - washes

The same rule applies to plural nouns.

By the way, about nouns. The word "FAMILY" is a collective concept that is combined with the plural, if it means "all family members", as well as with the 3-person singular form of the verb, if it means "Family", as a whole. All combinations of similar verb forms obey this rule: team, group, etc.

Do not forget that the word "POLICE" is constantly used in conjunction with plural verbs. And the words "Advice", "Information" and "News" are uncountable nouns that are combined exclusively with verbs of 3 liters. units h

Questions

There are two kinds of unusual questions in English. Here we will talk about them.

The first type is questions of choice or alternative (either / or, or / or). In this case, the word order follows the basic rules: Do you like cold tea or hot? But with the alternative, there are some peculiarities:

In infinitive structures, "to" is placed only before the first initial form

The article is preserved in definitions with one noun in the singular.

When using the noun that came first, the other is replaced by "ONE": Do you like a big apple or little one? Instead of the second word "apple" we use "ONE"

When selecting the whole sentence, "NOT" is applied: Do you want the toy or not?

The second type is Connecting (dividing) questions. Its structure will be shown in the table:

Stress

Well, with monosyllabic words, everything is clear. Now let's deal with the grammar of disyllabic and complex lexical units. In two-syllable and three-syllable words, the stress is read on the first syllable, in most cases. But in complex words, where there are two or more bases, the first word acquires a large intonation, that is, stress.