Caucasus Mountains briefly. Caucasus Mountains, general information about the Caucasus Mountains
The Caucasus Mountains are a mountain system between the Black, Azov and Caspian Seas. The etymology of the name has not been established.
It is divided into two mountain systems: the Greater Caucasus and the Lesser Caucasus.
The Caucasus is often divided into the North Caucasus and Transcaucasia, the border between which is drawn along the Main, or Watershed, ridge of the Greater Caucasus, which occupies a central position in the mountain system.
The Greater Caucasus stretches for more than 1100 km from the northwest to the southeast, from the Anapa region and the Taman Peninsula to the Absheron Peninsula on the Caspian coast, near Baku. The Greater Caucasus reaches its maximum width in the region of the Elbrus meridian (up to 180 km). In the axial part is located the Main Caucasian (or Dividing) Range, to the north of which a number of parallel ridges (mountain ranges) extend, including a monoclinal (cuest) character (see Greater Caucasus). The southern slope of the Greater Caucasus mostly consists of echelon-shaped ridges adjacent to the Main Caucasian ridge. Traditionally, the Greater Caucasus is divided into 3 parts: the Western Caucasus (from the Black Sea to Elbrus), the Central Caucasus (from Elbrus to Kazbek) and the Eastern Caucasus (from Kazbek to the Caspian Sea).
Countries and Regions
- South Ossetia
- Abkhazia
- Russia:
- Adygea
- Dagestan
- Ingushetia
- Kabardino-Balkaria
- Karachay-Cherkessia
- Krasnodar region
- North Ossetia Alania
- Stavropol region
- Chechnya
Cities of the Caucasus
- Adygeysk
- Alagir
- Argun
- Baksan
- Buynaksk
- Vladikavkaz
- Gagra
- Gelendzhik
- Grozny
- Gudauta
- Gudermes
- Dagestan lights
- Derbent
- Dusheti
- Essentuki
- Zheleznovodsk
- Zugdidi
- Izberbash
- Karabulak
- Karachaevsk
- Kaspiysk
- Kvaisa
- Kizilyurt
- Kizlyar
- Kislovodsk
- Kutaisi
- Leningor
- Magas
- Maykop
- Malgobek
- Makhachkala
- Mineral water
- Nazran
- Nalchik
- Nartkala
- Nevinnomyssk
- Novorossiysk
- Ochamchira
- Chill
- Pyatigorsk
- Stavropol
- Stepanakert
- Sukhum
- Urus-Martan
- Tbilisi
- Terek
- Tuapse
- Tyrnyauz
- Khasavyurt
- Tkuarchal
- Tskhinvali
- Cherkessk
- Yuzhno-Sukhokumsk
Climate
The climate in the Caucasus varies both vertically (altitude) and horizontally (latitude and location). The temperature usually decreases with elevation. The average annual temperature in Sukhum, Abkhazia at sea level is 15 degrees Celsius, and on the slopes of the mountains. Kazbek at an altitude of 3700 m, the average annual air temperature drops to -6.1 degrees Celsius. On the northern slope of the Greater Caucasus Range it is 3 degrees Celsius colder than on the southern slopes. In the highlands of the Lesser Caucasus in Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia, a sharp temperature contrast between summer and winter is noted due to a more continental climate. 
Precipitation increases from east to west in most areas. Altitude plays an important role: the Caucasus and the mountains usually receive more precipitation than the lowlands. The northeastern regions (Dagestan) and the southern part of the Lesser Caucasus are dry. The absolute minimum of annual precipitation is 250 mm in the northeastern part of the Caspian lowland. The western part of the Caucasus is characterized by high rainfall. There is more precipitation on the southern slope of the Greater Caucasus Range than on the northern slopes. Annual precipitation in the western part of the Caucasus ranges from 1000 to 4000 mm, while in the Eastern and North Caucasus (Chechnya, Ingushetia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Ossetia, Kakheti, Kartli, etc.) the amount of precipitation ranges from 600 to 1800 mm . The absolute maximum of annual precipitation is 4100 mm in the region of Meskheti and Adjara. The level of precipitation in the Lesser Caucasus (southern Georgia, Armenia, western Azerbaijan), not including Meskhetia, varies from 300 to 800 mm per year. 
The Caucasus is known for a high amount of snowfall, although many regions that are not located along slopes to windward do not receive much snow. This is especially true for the Lesser Caucasus, which is to some extent isolated from the influence of humidity coming from the Black Sea and receives much less precipitation (in the form of snow) than in the Greater Caucasus mountains. On average, in winter, snow cover in the mountains of the Lesser Caucasus ranges from 10 to 30 cm. Heavy snowfalls are recorded in the mountains of the Greater Caucasus (in particular, on the southwestern slope). Avalanches are a frequent occurrence from November to April.
Snow cover in some regions (Svaneti, in the northern part of Abkhazia) can reach 5 meters. The Achishkho region is the snowiest place in the Caucasus, the snow cover of which reaches a depth of 7 meters.
Landscape
The Caucasus Mountains have a varied landscape that mostly varies vertically and depends on distance from large bodies of water. The region contains biomes ranging from subtropical low-level swamps and glacier forests (Western and Central Caucasus) to high mountain semi-deserts, steppes and alpine grasslands in the south (mainly Armenia and Azerbaijan).
Oak, hornbeam, maple and ash are common on the northern slopes of the Greater Caucasus at lower altitudes, while birch and pine forests predominate on the higher elevations. Some of the lowest areas and slopes are covered with steppes and meadows. 
On the slopes of the Northwestern Greater Caucasus (Kabardino-Balkaria, Karachay-Cherkessia, etc.) they also contain spruce and fir forests. In the highland zone (about 2000 meters above sea level), forests predominate. Permafrost (glacier) usually starts at about 2800-3000 meters.
On the southeastern slope of the Greater Caucasus, beech, oak, maple, hornbeam and ash are common. Beech forests tend to dominate at higher altitudes.
On the southwestern slope of the Greater Caucasus, oak, beech, chestnut, hornbeam and elm are common at lower altitudes, coniferous and mixed forests (spruce, fir and beech) at higher altitudes. Permafrost begins at an altitude of 3000-3500 m.
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The Caucasus Mountains are located on the isthmus between the Caspian and Black Seas. The Kuma-Manych depression separates the Caucasus from the East European Plain. The territory of the Caucasus can be divided into several parts: Ciscaucasia, Greater Caucasus and Transcaucasia. Only Ciscaucasia and the northern part of the Greater Caucasus are located on the territory of the Russian Federation. The last two parts together are called the North Caucasus. However, for Russia, this part of the territory is the southernmost. Here, along the crest of the Main Range, the state border of the Russian Federation passes, behind which lie Georgia and Azerbaijan. The entire system of the Caucasus Range occupies an area of approximately 2600 m2, and its northern slope occupies about 1450 m2, while the southern one is only about 1150 m2.
The North Caucasian mountains are relatively young. Their relief was created by different tectonic structures. In the southern part there are folded-block mountains and foothills of the Greater Caucasus. They were formed when deep trough zones were filled with sedimentary and volcanic rocks, which were later folded. Tectonic processes here were accompanied by significant bends, extensions, ruptures and faults of earth layers. As a result, a large amount of magma poured onto the surface (this led to the formation of significant ore deposits). The uplifts that took place here in the Neogene and Quaternary periods led to the elevation of the surface and the type of relief that exists today. The rise of the central part of the Greater Caucasus was accompanied by the lowering of the layers along the edges of the ridge being formed. Thus, the Terek-Caspian trough was formed in the east, and the Indal-Kuban trough in the west.
Often the Greater Caucasus is presented as the only ridge. In fact, this is a whole system of various ridges, which can be divided into several parts. The Western Caucasus is located from the Black Sea coast to Mount Elbrus, then (from Elbrus to Kazbek) follows the Central Caucasus, and to the east from Kazbek to the Caspian Sea - the Eastern Caucasus. In addition, two ridges can be distinguished in the longitudinal direction: Vodorazdelny (sometimes called the main one) and Lateral. On the northern slope of the Caucasus, the Rocky and Pasture Ranges, as well as the Black Mountains, are distinguished. They were formed as a result of the interbedding of layers composed of sedimentary rocks of different hardness. One slope of the ridge here is gentle, and the other breaks off rather abruptly. As you move away from the axial zone, the height of the mountain ranges decreases.
The chain of the Western Caucasus begins at the Taman Peninsula. At the very beginning, it is rather not even mountains, but hills. They begin to rise towards the east. The highest parts of the North Caucasus are covered with snow caps and glaciers. The highest peaks of the Western Caucasus are the Fisht (2870 meters) and Oshten (2810 meters) mountains. The highest part of the mountain system of the Greater Caucasus is the Central Caucasus. Even some passes at this point reach a height of 3 thousand meters, and the lowest of them (Cross) lies at an altitude of 2380 meters. Here are the highest peaks of the Caucasus. So, for example, the height of Mount Kazbek is 5033 meters, and the two-headed extinct volcano Elbrus is the highest peak in Russia.
The relief here is strongly dissected: sharp ridges, steep slopes and rocky peaks prevail. The eastern part of the Greater Caucasus is mainly made up of the numerous ranges of Dagestan (in translation, the name of this region means "mountainous country"). There are complex branching ridges with steep slopes and deep canyon-like river valleys. However, the height of the peaks here is less than in the central part of the mountain system, but still they exceed the height of 4 thousand meters. The uplift of the Caucasus Mountains continues in our time. Quite frequent earthquakes in this region of Russia are connected with this. To the north of the Central Caucasus, where the magma rising along the cracks did not spill onto the surface, low, so-called island mountains formed. The largest of them are Beshtau (1400 meters) and Mashuk (993 meters). At their base there are numerous sources of mineral waters.
The so-called Ciscaucasia is occupied by the Kuban and Tersko-Kuma lowlands. They are separated from each other by the Stavropol Upland, the height of which is 700-800 meters. The Stavropol Upland is dissected by wide and deeply incised valleys, gullies and ravines. At the base of this area lies a young slab. Its structure is made up of Neogene formations covered with limestone deposits - loess and loess-like loams, and in the eastern part there are also marine deposits of the Quaternary period. The climate in this area is quite favorable. Quite high mountains serve as a good obstacle to the cold air penetrating here. The proximity of the long cooling sea also has an effect. The Greater Caucasus is the border between two climatic zones - subtropical and temperate. On the Russian territory, the climate is still moderate, but the above factors contribute to rather high temperatures.
Mountains of the Caucasus As a result, the winters in Ciscaucasia are quite warm (the average temperature in January is about -5°C). This is facilitated by warm air masses coming from the Atlantic Ocean. On the Black Sea coast, the temperature rarely drops below zero (the average January temperature is 3°C). Temperatures are naturally lower in mountainous regions. Thus, the average temperature in the plains in summer is about 25°C, and in the upper reaches of the mountains - 0°C. Precipitation in this area falls mainly due to cyclones coming from the west, as a result of which their amount gradually decreases towards the east.
Most precipitation falls on the southwestern slopes of the Greater Caucasus. Their number on the Kuban Plain is about 7 times lower. In the mountains of the North Caucasus, glaciation is developed, in terms of the area of \u200b\u200bwhich this region ranks first among all regions of Russia. The rivers flowing here are fed by water formed during the melting of glaciers. The largest Caucasian rivers are the Kuban and Terek, as well as their numerous tributaries. Mountain rivers, as usual, are fast-flowing, and in their lower reaches there are swampy areas overgrown with reeds and reeds.
It is divided into two mountain systems: the Greater Caucasus and the Lesser Caucasus. The Caucasus is often divided into the North Caucasus and Transcaucasia, the border between which is drawn along the Main, or Watershed, ridge of the Greater Caucasus, which occupies a central position in the mountain system. The Greater Caucasus stretches for more than 1100 km from the northwest to the southeast, from the Anapa region and the Taman Peninsula to the Absheron Peninsula on the Caspian coast, near Baku. The Greater Caucasus reaches its maximum width in the region of the Elbrus meridian (up to 180 km). In the axial part there is the Main Caucasian (or Dividing) Range, to the north of which a number of parallel ranges (mountain ranges) extend, including a monoclinal (kuest) character (see Greater Caucasus). The southern slope of the Greater Caucasus mostly consists of echelon-shaped ridges adjacent to the Main Caucasian ridge. Traditionally, the Greater Caucasus is divided into 3 parts: the Western Caucasus (from the Black Sea to Elbrus), the Central Caucasus (from Elbrus to Kazbek) and the Eastern Caucasus (from Kazbek to the Caspian Sea).
The most famous peaks - Mt. Elbrus (5642 m) and Mt. Kazbek (5033 m) are covered with eternal snow and glaciers. The Greater Caucasus is a region with a large modern glaciation. The total number of glaciers is about 2050, their area is approximately 1400 km 2 . More than half of the glaciation of the Greater Caucasus is concentrated in the Central Caucasus (50% of the number and 70% of the glaciation area). Large centers of glaciation are Mount Elbrus and the Bezengi wall (with the Bezengi glacier, 17 km). From the northern foot of the Greater Caucasus to the Kuma-Manych depression, Ciscaucasia extends with vast plains and uplands. To the south of the Greater Caucasus are the Colchis and Kura-Araks lowlands, the Inner Kartli plain and the Alazan-Avtoran valley [the Kura depression, within which the Alazan-Avtoran valley and the Kura-Araks lowland are located]. In the southeastern part of the Caucasus - the Talysh mountains (up to 2477 m high) with the adjacent Lankaran lowland. In the middle and in the west of the southern part of the Caucasus is the Transcaucasian Highlands, consisting of the ranges of the Lesser Caucasus and the Armenian Highlands (Aragats, 4090 m). The Lesser Caucasus is connected to the Greater Caucasus by the Likhi Ridge, in the west it is separated from it by the Colchis Lowland, in the east by the Kura Depression. The length is about 600 km, the height is up to 3724 m. The mountains near Sochi - Achishkho, Aibga, Chigush (Chugush, 3238 m), Pseashkho and others (Krasnaya Polyana resort area) - will host participants in the 2014 Winter Olympic Games.
Our planet has the most beautiful mountain system. It is located on, or to be more precise, between two seas - the Caspian and the Black. It bears a proud name - the Caucasus Mountains. It has coordinates: 42°30′ north latitude and 45°00′ east longitude. The length of the mountain system is more than one thousand kilometers. Geographically, it belongs to six countries: Russia and the states of the Caucasus region: Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, etc.
Until now, it has not been clearly stated which part of the mainland the Caucasus Mountains belong to. Elbrus and Mont Blanc are fighting for the title of the most. The latter is in the Alps. The geographical position according to the plan is easy to describe. And this article will help you.
Borders
In the days of Ancient Greece, it was the Caucasus and the Bosphorus that separated 2 continents. But the map of the world was constantly changing, peoples migrated. In the Middle Ages, the Don River was considered the border. Much later, in the 17th century, a Swedish geographer led her through the Urals, down the river. Embe to the Caspian Sea. His idea was supported by the scientists of that time and the Russian Tsar. According to this definition, mountains belong to Asia. On the other hand, in the Great Encyclopedia of Larousse, the border is designated south of Kazbek and Elbrus. Thus, both mountains are in Europe.
It is somewhat difficult to describe the geographical position of the Caucasus Mountains as accurately as possible. The opinion regarding territorial affiliation changed solely for political reasons. Europe was singled out as a special part of the world, linking this with the level of development of civilization. The border between the continents gradually shifted to the east. She became a moving line.
Some scientists, noting the differences in the geological structure of the massif, propose to draw a boundary along the main ridge of the Greater Caucasus. And this is not surprising. mountains allow it. Its northern slope will refer to Europe, and the southern slope to Asia. This issue is being actively discussed by scientists from all six states. The geographers of Azerbaijan and Armenia believe that the Caucasus belongs to Asia, and the scientists of Georgia - to Europe. Many well-known authoritative people believe that the entire massif belongs to Asia, so Elbrus will not be considered the highest point in Europe for a long time.
System Composition
This massif consists of 2 mountain systems: the Lesser and Greater Caucasus. Often the latter is presented as a single ridge, but this is not so. And if you study the geographical position of the Caucasus Mountains on the map, you will notice that it does not belong to those. The Greater Caucasus stretches for more than a kilometer from Anapa and the Taman Peninsula almost to Baku itself. Conventionally, it consists of the following parts: Western, Eastern and Central Caucasus. The first zone stretches from the Black Sea to Elbrus, the middle zone - from the highest peak to Kazbek, the last - from Kazbek to the Caspian Sea.
The western chains originate from the Taman Peninsula. And at first they look more like hills. However, the farther to the east, the higher they become. Their peaks are covered with snow and glaciers. The ranges of Dagestan are located in the east of the Greater Caucasus. These are complex systems with river valleys forming canyons. About 1.5 thousand square meters. km of the territory of the Greater Caucasus is covered with glaciers. Most of them are in the central region. The Lesser Caucasus includes nine ranges: Adjaro-Imeretinsky, Karabakh, Bazum and others. The highest of them, located in the middle and eastern parts, are Murov-Dag, Pambaksky, etc.
Climate
Analyzing the geographical position of the Caucasus Mountains, we see that they are located on the border of two climatic zones - subtropical and temperate. Transcaucasia belongs to the subtropics. The rest of the territory belongs to the temperate zone. The North Caucasus is a warm region. Summer there lasts almost 5 months, and in winter it never falls below -6 °C. It is short - 2-3 months. The climate is different in the highlands. There it is influenced by the Atlantic and the Mediterranean, so the weather is more humid.
Due to the complex relief in the Caucasus, there are many zones that differ from each other. This climate allows the cultivation of citrus fruits, tea, cotton and other exotic crops that are suited to the temperate nature of weather conditions. The geographical position of the Caucasus Mountains largely affects the formation of the temperature regime in the surrounding areas.
Himalayas and Caucasus mountains
Often at school, students are asked to compare the geographical location of the Himalayas and the similarity in only one thing: both systems are in Eurasia. However, they have many differences:
- The Caucasus Mountains are located on the Himalayas, but they belong only to Asia.
- The average height of the Caucasus Mountains is 4 thousand meters, the Himalayas - 5 thousand meters.
- Also, these mountain systems are located in different climatic zones. The Himalayas are mostly in the subequatorial, less - in the tropics, and the Caucasus - in the subtropical and temperate.
As you can see, these two systems are not identical. The geographical position of the Caucasus Mountains and the Himalayas is at some points similar, at others not. But both systems are quite large, beautiful, amazing.
Here is a detailed map of the Caucasus Mountains with the names of cities and towns in Russian. Move the map by holding it with the left mouse button. You can move around the map by clicking on one of the four arrows in the upper left corner.
You can change the scale using the scale on the right side of the map or by turning the mouse wheel.
What country is the Caucasus Mountains in?
Caucasian Mountain is located in Russia. This is a wonderful, beautiful place, with its own history and traditions. Coordinates of the Caucasus Mountains: northern latitude and eastern longitude (show on a large map).
virtual walk
The figurine of a "little man" above the scale will help you take a virtual tour of the cities of the Caucasus Mountains. By pressing and holding the left mouse button, drag it to any place on the map and you will go for a walk, while inscriptions with the approximate address of the area will appear in the upper left corner. Choose the direction of movement by clicking on the arrows in the center of the screen. The "Satellite" option at the top left allows you to see the relief image of the surface. In the "Map" mode, you will get the opportunity to get acquainted in detail with the roads of the Caucasus Mountains and the main attractions.
antiqus classicus
Caspian mountains
- Caspian mountains
- and gate (Greek Κασπία ὄρη, lat. Caspii monies).
- 1. Panic mountains between Armenia and Albania on the one hand and Media on the other (now Qaradagh, Siah-Koh, i.e. Black and Talysh mountains). In a broad sense, this name means the entire chain of mountains south of the river. Arak (from the Kotur River to the Caspian Sea). Here were the so-called.
Caspian Gate (Caspiapila), a narrow mountain pass 8 Roman miles long and one chariot wide (now the Chamar pass between Narsa-Koh and Siah-Koh). This was the only way from Northwest Asia to the northeastern part of the Persian state, because the Persians blocked this passage with iron gates, which were guarded by guards (claustra Caspiarum).
The Caucasus Mountains are a mountain system between the Black and Caspian Seas.
It is divided into two mountain systems: the Greater Caucasus and the Lesser Caucasus.
The Caucasus is often divided into the North Caucasus and Transcaucasia, the border between which is drawn along the Main, or Watershed, ridge of the Greater Caucasus, which occupies a central position in the mountain system.
The most famous peaks are Mt. Elbrus (5642 m) and Mt.
Kazbek (5033 m) is covered with eternal snow and glaciers.
From the northern foot of the Greater Caucasus to the Kuma-Manych depression, Ciscaucasia extends with vast plains and uplands. To the south of the Greater Caucasus are the Colchis and Kura-Araks lowlands, the Inner Kartli plain and the Alazan-Avtoran valley [the Kura depression, within which the Alazan-Avtoran valley and the Kura-Araks lowland are located]. In the southeastern part of the Caucasus - the Talysh mountains (up to 2492 m high) with the adjacent Lankaran lowland. In the middle and in the west of the southern part of the Caucasus is the Transcaucasian Highlands, consisting of the ranges of the Lesser Caucasus and the Armenian Highlands (Aragats, 4090 m).
The Lesser Caucasus is connected to the Greater Caucasus by the Likhi Ridge, in the west it is separated from it by the Colchis Lowland, in the east by the Kura Depression. The length is about 600 km, the height is up to 3724 m.
Mountains near Sochi - Aishkho (2391 m), Aibga (2509 m), Chigush (3238 m), Pseashkho and others.
Location of the mountain system of the Caucasus Mountains on the world map
(mountain system boundaries are approximate)
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Caucasian mountains or Caucasus- a mountain system between the Black and Caspian Seas with an area of \u200b\u200b~ 477488 m².
The Caucasus is divided into two mountain systems: the Greater Caucasus and the Lesser Caucasus, very often the mountain system is divided into Ciscaucasia (Northern Caucasus), Greater Caucasus and Transcaucasia (South Caucasus). Along the crest of the Main Range, the state border of the Russian Federation with the countries of Transcaucasia passes.
highest peaks
The largest mountain peaks of the Caucasus Mountains (indicators of various sources may vary).
|
Height, in m |
Notes |
|
| Elbrus | 5642 m | the highest point of the Caucasus, Russia and Europe |
| Shkhara | 5201 m | Bezengi, the highest point in Georgia |
| Koshtantau | 5152 m | Bezengi |
| Pushkin Peak | 5100 m | Bezengi |
| Dzhangitau | 5085 m | Bezengi |
| Shkhara | 5201 m | Bezengi, the highest point of Georgia |
| Kazbek | 5034 m | Georgia, Russia (highest point in North Ossetia) |
| Mizhirgi Western | 5025 m | Bezengi |
| Tetnuld | 4974 m | Svaneti |
| Katyn-tau or Adish | 4970 m | Bezengi |
| Shota Rustaveli Peak | 4960 m | Bezengi |
| Gestola | 4860 m | Bezengi |
| Jimara | 4780 m | Georgia, North Ossetia (Russia) |
| Ushba | 4690 m | |
| Tebulosmta | 4493 m | the highest point of Chechnya |
| Bazarduzu | 4485 m | the highest point of Dagestan and Azerbaijan |
| shang | 4451 m | the highest point of Ingushetia |
| Adai-hoh | 4408 m | Ossetia |
| Diklosmta | 4285 m | Chechnya |
| Shahdag | 4243 m | Azerbaijan |
| Tufandag | 4191 m | Azerbaijan |
| Shalbuzdag | 4142 m | Dagestan |
| Aragats | 4094 m | the highest point in Armenia |
| Dombay-Ulgen | 4046 m | Dombai |
| Zilga-Khokh | 3853 m | Georgia, South Ossetia |
| TASS | 3525 m | Russia, Chechen Republic |
| Tsitelikhati | 3026.1 m | South Ossetia |
Climate
The climate of the Caucasus is warm and mild, with the exception of the highlands: at an altitude of 3800 m, the border of "eternal ice" passes. In the mountains and foothills there is a large amount of precipitation.
Flora and fauna
The vegetation of the Caucasus is rich in species composition and diversity: oriental beech, Caucasian hornbeam, Caucasian linden, noble chestnut, boxwood, cherry laurel, Pontic rhododendron, some species of oak and maple, wild persimmon, as well as subtropical tea bush and citrus.
In the Caucasus, there are brown Caucasian bears, lynxes, forest cats, foxes, badgers, martens, deer, roe deer, wild boars, bison, chamois, mountain goats (tours), small rodents (forest dormouse, field voles). Birds: magpies, thrushes, cuckoos, jays, wagtails, woodpeckers, owls, owls, starlings, crows, goldfinches, kingfishers, tits, Caucasian black grouse and mountain turkeys, golden eagles and lambs.
Population
More than 50 peoples live in the Caucasus (for example: Avars, Circassians, Chechens, Georgians, Lezgins, Karachays, etc.) which are designated as Caucasian peoples. They speak Caucasian, Indo-European, as well as Altaic languages. Largest cities: Sochi, Tbilisi, Yerevan, Vladikavkaz, Grozny, etc.
Tourism and rest
The Caucasus is visited for recreational purposes: there are many sea resorts on the shores of the Black Sea, the North Caucasus is popular for its balneological resorts.
Rivers of the Caucasus
The rivers originating in the Caucasus belong to the basins of the Black, Caspian and Azov Seas.
- swell
- Kodori
- Ingur (Enguri)
- Rioni
- Kuban
- Podkumok
- Araks
- Liakhva (Big Liakhvi)
- Samur
- Sulak
- Avar Koysu
- andean koisu
- Terek
- Sunzha
- Argun
- Malka (Kura)
- Baksan
- Chegem
- Cherek
Countries and Regions
The following countries and regions are located in the Caucasus.
- Azerbaijan
- Armenia
- Georgia
- Russia: Adygea, Dagestan, Ingushetia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Karachay-Cherkessia, Krasnodar Territory, North Ossetia-Alania, Stavropol Territory, Chechnya
In addition to these countries and regions, there are partially recognized republics in the Caucasus: Abkhazia, South Ossetia, Nagorno-Karabakh.
The largest cities of the Caucasus
- Vladikavkaz
- Gelendzhik
- Hot key
- Grozny
- Derbent
- Yerevan
- Essentuki
- Zheleznovodsk
- Zugdidi
- Kislovodsk
- Kutaisi
- Krasnodar
- Maykop
- Makhachkala
- Mineral water
- Nazran
- Nalchik
- Novorossiysk
- Pyatigorsk
- Stavropol
- Stepanakert
- Sukhum
- Tbilisi
- Tuapse
- Tskhinvali
- Cherkessk
Cheap flights to Sochi from 3000 rubles.
Where is it located and how to get there
The address: Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Russia