What are the construction of a fairy tale love mother. Structure of the fairy tales: how to learn how to create magic stories
The fairy tale is an integral part of childhood. It is unlikely that there is a man who, being small, did not listen a lot of different stories. Having matured, he retells them to his children who understand them in his own way, pursuing the images of the acting characters in the imagination and surviving the emotions that the fairy tale transmits.
What are fairy tales? It is for these questions that will try to answer further.
Definition
According to the scientific definition in the literature, a fairy tale - "Epic literary genre, a narrative of any magical or adventurous events, which has a clear structure: Zesryn, Mid, and ending." From any fairy tale, the reader must extract some lesson, morality. Depending on the type, the fairy tale performs other functions. There are many classifications of the genre.
Main types of fairy tales
What are fairy tales? Each of us will agree that in a separate look, it is worth highlighting fairy tales of animals. Second view - Magic fairy tales. And finally, there are so-called domestic fairy tales. All species have their own characteristics that become understandable by comparative analysis. Let's try to figure it out in more detail in each of them.
What are the fairy tales about animals?
The existence of such stories is quite substantiated, because animals are creatures that live with us in close proximity. It was this fact that folk creativity uses images of animals, and the most diverse: both wild and homely. At the same time, it should be paid to the fact that animals found in fairy tales are presented not as typical animals, but as special animals endowed with human features. They live, communicate and behave like real people. Such artistic techniques allow you to make an image understandable and interesting, filling it with a certain meaning.
In turn, fairy tales of animals can also be divided into fairy tales with the participation of wild or pets, objects or objects of inanimate nature. Often literary crit, speaking about what kind of tales genres are classified by their magic, cumulative and satirical. Also in this classification also includes the genre of Basni. You can split fairy tales of animals on the works for children and for adults. Often there is a person in a fairy tale who can perform the primary or secondary role.
Usually, children get acquainted with tales about animals from three to six years. They are most clear to small readers, as those meet with regular characters: a cunning fox, a cowardly hare, a gray wolf, a smart cat, and so on. As a rule, the main feature of each animal is its characteristic feature.
What are the construction of a fairy tale about animals? The answer is the most different. Cumulative fairy tales, for example, are selected according to the principle of a storyline, where the same heroes are found, simply in different circumstances. Often stories have names in a diminutive-ladies (chanterelle-sister, bunny-ejection, frog-cuckoo and so on).
Second view - Magic fairy tale
What are the literary fairy tales about magic? The main characteristic feature of this species is the magical, the fantastic world in which the main characters live and operate. The laws of this world differ from the usual, in it, everything is not the case, as in fact, what attracts young readers and makes this kind of fairy tales, undoubtedly the most beloved among children. The magical environment and the plot allow the author to show all its imagination and use as much relevant artistic techniques as possible, with the aim of creating a work specifically for the children's audience. It is no secret that baby imagination is endless, and satisfy him very and very difficult.
In most cases, this type of fairy tales has a typical plot, certain heroes and a happy finale. What are the magic fairy tales? It may be narratives about heroes and fantastic creatures, fairy tales of unusual subjects and various tests that are overcome thanks to the magic. As a rule, in the finals of the heroes marry and live happily.
It should be noted that the heroes of magical fairy tales embody many among the main themes of this literary genre - the struggle of good and evil, the struggle for love, the truth and other ideals. Be sure to be present that will be defeated in the final. The structure of the fairy tale is ordinary - zinch, the bulk and ending.
Household fairy tales
Such stories narrate on events of ordinary life, covering various social problems and human characters. In them, the author rises negative such fairy tales to be social and satirical, with elements of the magic fairy tale and many others. Here are the negative qualities of rich and vain people, while representatives of the people embody positive features. Household fairy tales show that the main thing is not money and power, but a kindness, honesty and mind. Literary critic Approve - and this is a fact - they wrote in times when people experienced social crises, sought to change the system of society. Among the popular artistic techniques, satire, humor, laughter are allocated here.
What types of fairy tales come?
In addition to the above classification, fairy tales are still divided into copyright and folk. Already from the names it is clear that the author's fairy tales, which were written by a specific famous writer, and folk - those who do not have one author. Folk fairy tales are transferred from the mouth to the mouth of the generation to generation, and the initial author will consider each of the types separately.
Folk tales
Folk fairy tales are considered to be a powerful source of historical facts, information about the life and public strictly defined people. Each of the peoples for their history came up with a huge number of instructive stories for adults and children, transmitting their experience and wisdom to the next generations.
Folk fairy tales reflect the change of moral principles, show that the basic values \u200b\u200bremain unchanged, teach a clear line between good and evil, joy and grief, love and hatred, truth and krivda.
A feature of folk fairy tales is that in a simple and easily readable text hides the deepest social sense. In addition, they retain the wealth of the folk language. What folk tales come? They can be magical and household. Many folk fairy tales tell about animals.
It often raises the question of when the first Russian folk tale was invented. This will probably stay secret, and you can only assume. It is believed that the first "heroes" fairy tales were the phenomena of nature - the sun, the moon, the earth and so on. Later they began to obey the person, and the fairy tales included images of people and animals. There is an assumption that all Russian folk narratives have a real basis. In other words, some event retells in the form of a fairy tale, changed over the centuries and reached us in the form to which we are accustomed. What are Russian folk tales, figured out. It's time to talk about fairy tales whose authors are well known to readers.
Author's fairy tales
Usually the author's work is subjective processing of the folk plot, however, new stories are found quite often. Characteristic features of the author's fairy tale - psychologism, elevated speech, bright characters, the use of fairyclical cliches.
Another feature of this genre is that it can be read at different levels. So, one and the same story is perceived by different representatives of different age groups. Children's fairy tales of Charles Persian to seem to be an innocent story, while an adult will find in them serious problems and morality. Often, books oriented initially on the young reader are expanded by adults in their own way, as well as fantastic adult stories fall to taste to children.
Who are they, the authors of fairy tales? Surely everyone heard about the "Fairy Tales of My Mother Goose" Charles Perro, fairy tales of the Italian Gotszi, the works of the German writer Brothers Grimm and the Danish Fairy Tale of Hans Christian Andersen. You must not forget about the Russian poet Alexandra Pushkin! Their stories adore children and adults around the world. Whole generations grow on these fairy tales. At the same time, all copyright works are interesting from the point of view of literature, they all fall under a certain classification, have their own art features and copyrights. Along the most famous and beloved fairy tales, films and cartoons are removed.
Conclusion
So, we figured out what fairy tales are. Whatever the fairy tale is - the author's, folk, socio-household, magical or narrative about animals - it will definitely teach something reader. The most interesting thing is that it is absolutely no matter who reads history. And adults, and children will definitely learn something useful from it. The fairy tale of everyone will make it think, will give the wisdom of the people (or the author) and will leave an indelible good impression in the heads of readers. The effect is not exaggerated. There are even the so-called therapeutic fairy tales that are able to re-educate and wean from a variety of bad habits!
Mother love.
Little dragon lost on a big planet. He cried and searched for his parents. He asked all the oncoming, but seeing the real dragon, everyone flee from him in fear. And the dragon was very kind he even helped to get into the cave, helped the father to straighten the wings when he destroyed the sea for the oceans to protect the planet Earth from evil dragon-aliens. It was all good, but one day a small dragon came out of the cave and, seeing a beautiful squirrel, began to talk to her and the little squirrel led him in a taiga and began to talk about his life, about the taiga. So they wandered until the evening, but soon the squirrel went to bed, and a small dragon was left alone. He did not know how to go back, the places were unfamiliar, his wings had not grown yet, he was very small defenseless. He cried, sobbed, but no one helped him, everyone was afraid - he was a dragon! Filin drove the fighters complaints about ... somewhere far gone sacking and suddenly the little dragon heard a tiger roar near him .. the dragon was very scared of this roar, how to defend himself? ... he was a dice, and therefore mom punished:
- about the tiger, you're small and there is no salvation from him ..
And the bloodthirsty tiger was near and made to jump on the little dragon!
- Mum…. Mom - - he shouted, - Save me ...
The dragon was still very small and defenseless.
The inner voice suggested the mother that her son is in trouble, and she began to pray her gods so that they would help to escape her son, a small dragon.
"We can't protect him from wild animals - but in our power to turn it into a stone .... And he will stay in the centuries ....
I cried my mother, but I had to agree, being in a hopeless position ....
- Sons stand on the rock and stand motionless!
- I hear you, mommy! I got up onto the ledge ...
And he petrified it, but the tiger already jumped into the dragon, but he could not defeat the little dragon, and only deep traces from the tiger paws were left on a soft stone body. The petrified in the dragon, the tiger was no longer dominated to defeat. The Tiger began to hunt the tigers from the perturbation and indignation, but they also pettered from fear.
And in the morning, when Mom Drakonchik went, look for my son and saw a dragon's son's cliffs on the lecturer .. I cried, I buried a huge dragonch and could not stand the loving my mother's heart of such a test and lay down in my grief, putting my huge head at my son And IMIG on the century petrified ....
There was not one hundred thousand years old, and today in the Ussuri taiga everyone see the holy maternal love of the mother to her child. And it doesn't matter what it is a dragon and a dragon, it is important that love for your child, even if he is a dragon, is immortal!
Interestingly explains the important role of magical folk fairy tales in the psychological development of the child and the formation of his personality by M. Maksimov in his book "Not only love".
For thousands of years, peoples transfer fairy tales to children from generation to generation ... So it's not easy for something ...
According to the author, the development of the personality is not gradually, and jumps: you need to go through the laid steps, climbing the steps. Each step is "serviced" by the corresponding fairy tale needed to climb the next step.
Magic fairy tales are necessary for the formation of a healthy psychologically sustainable personality.
India is very closely relating to the inner, spiritual life of a person, so the fairy tale is used there as a therapeutic agent. That comes the patient to the doctor. The doctor listens his complaints and prescribes him ... a fairy tale. Sit and meditate for three months above the Indian "Red Cap." And then you come, and I'll close the newsletter.
Bruno Bettelheim (a children's doctor, 1.5 years old in Hitler's concentration camps and treated children with mental injuries) saw, firstly, that the attitude of the child to the appropriate fairy tale helps to recognize the nature of the mental injury to them in the family, and secondly, and this The most important thing is a child, working on a fairy tale, hesitates his soul wounds. The tale helps the child to clean up his soul.
In addition, every time reading the fairy tale, depending on the age and condition of the soul, the child removes something special, right now.
Reconciliation of contradictory feelings.
Adult can curb his instincts and reconcile their contradictory feelings, he has a clear boundary between the ideal world and real. The child is broken by contradictions: love and hatred, fear and thirst for feats. The world around for him is a forest with evil and kind perfumes, wolves, leather and heat-birds. And to bring order in this chaos of feelings to the rescue comes a fairy tale. In it, every fear can be imagined in the form of a suitable fabulous character and in these specific images to see the elusive movements of their senses, trace their collision, understand their purpose and learn how to manage them. The child begins to compose fairy tales himself, put the characters you need in the most incredible, just invented situations. It may lose in a fairy tale that it worries at the moment, having mastered the problem thus standing in front of him.
We, adult, is also important to speak out when something bothers us. We are important to the process of telling. We climb into the words something amorphous and changing that it worries us now. And in prison, thus order in your soul.
But the children's intelligence is still very weak, the child is not ready to discuss, he can only play with what is happening in him inside. And the fairy tale easily allows you to play, because there is no halftone in it: the hero is either good or bad. Therefore, the child is easy to "stick" on fabulous heroes their confusing feelings. Fabulous heroes express their feelings actions and actions. If scary, he runs if bitterly cries. The feeling of protected, heat and satiety is a house. The feeling of abandonment, powerlessness, fear is a forest. The identity of the hero is transformed through death and the second birth, the appearance of an animal from the wrap, revival with the help of droplets of living water, cleansing in boiling milk boilers and so on.
Fabulous transformations greatly help the child to master the contradictory feelings, which he is experiencing at the same time towards his mother or father. When a child perceives the father as a rival in the struggle for the love of the mother, then naturally hate and the desire to destroy him. But to realize the hatred of the native father is very scary, because the father is defense and support. This split personality is painful for a child. Tales help in this sort out (father and dragon, mother and stepmother, etc.).
SUPPORT.
Very often, the hero helps (impoliates impossible for him) Magic items, magic animals or good wizards. The child is much of what adults can do, it seems fantastic and impracticable tasks. He understands that without adults will not cope. And in the fairy tale, he also needs the support that magic helpers just have.
Ivanushka-fool is one of the most common heroes in all nations. Children like to identify themselves with him - the youngest, the most stupid and most helpless of all brothers, because the children themselves seem to be helpless. And the fact that in all the fairy tales of Ivanushka-fool in the end, everyone wins, he instills confidence in the child as he, when he grows up, everything could.
SELF CONFIDENCE.
Fabulous kings are people who no one can order anything. A child under the "Natius" of parental care and custody, just imagines an adult in such a "king." And in a fairy tale, the child draws for himself confidence that at least now he and Ivanushka-fool, but then it will definitely become a king, although it may have to experience many misfortunes on this path, and maybe even die and revive again the king.
Fairy tales - the desired element of the child's spiritual food. Immersing in the fabulous world, the child is immersed in the depths of his soul, in which chaos is going on, getting acquainted there with a variety of characters of his psyche, mastering this information. And when it returns to the real world, it feels more confident that he can cope with himself, and with life difficulties. The child is important to have an active, well-developed imagination, the ability is free, without being afraid of dangers and adventures, improvise. To achieve this, he needs a lot of fairy tales. What does it mean when a whole month is a child every day asks to read the same fairy tale? This means that he now has some serious problem, the wound in the soul, and a fairy tale for him is a medicine healing this wound. While the wound does not heal, he needs a fairy tale.
Again and again reading or telling the child one and the same fairy tale, we, willy-noilies, begin to ask yourself questions. Why do children like fairy tales? Why did a child choose this fairy tale at this stage of his development and is ready to listen to her again and again? What is the point of concluded in these short stories that adults tell children for more than one century?
Of course, all the famous love of children to folk fairy tales attracted the attention of children's psychologists. And it turned out that the most famous fairy tales who listen to dozens of kids generations are saturated with the material for the development of the emotional and cognitive sphere of the child, as soon as the carrot - vitamins. Fairy tales help the development of attention, memory, thinking, primary mathematical representations (number, score, size, sequence), ideas about the composition, causal relationships, social and moral norms, speech, imagination. Reading the children of fairy tales (in this case, however, as well as any fiction) has the most stimulating influence on the development of speech: vocabulary, the emotional component of speech, dialogue, a sense of rhythm and rhyme is expanded.
There were explanations and a well-known parents phenomenon - a child can listen to the same fairy tale many, many times in a row, to demand only it and disagree to anything else. First, as already mentioned above, the fairy tale gives a very rich material and the child does not want to move to the new, until the lesson is set. Secondly, the child is not yet fully confident in the constancy of the world. Have you seen how a semi-annual baby throws a toy again and again to make sure that she will fall within the hundredth time, and not take off to the ceiling? Also, the child of older wants to hear the confused plot of fairy tales, make sure that the frog is always coming behind the mouse-norushka, and the mouse always waves the tail and the testicle is always broken. This creates a sense of security, convinces it in the constancy of the laws of nature and society.
I know the child with folk fairy tales, you can not only read books with pictures. You can, following the old traditions, telling the fairy tales yourself before bedtime or walk. Offer the child to tell a fairy tale with you and for your favorite doll or a teddy bear, play on the roles. An indispensable assistant in such games can be a finger puppet theater and other toys based on Russian folk fairy tales.
Below we give a list of fairy tales that all parents tell their children. Without thinking that this fairy tale was developing, without suspecting her meaningfulness, we simply tell children these fairy tales, because they themselves heard them as a child from her mother or from her grandmother.
Digger Ryaba
One of the most favorite fairy tales. And one of the most mysterious. Adults are completely incomprehensible to her meaning. Which versions did not put forward that it symbolizes this very simple and a little absurd plot. There is a version that this tale is a metaphor for creating an universe from a world egg. Gestalt psychologists believe that its main value is precisely in absurdity, she tears a child to the fact that what is happening in life sometimes completely incomprehensible to us. It is possible that the fairy tale attracts the child is the simplicity of the plot, which is easy for him to remember and keep in the field of attention. Do you know that there is another longer version of this fairy tale?
Kolobok
Today, this fairy tale sounds primarily as a story with morality that you need to obey and respect the parents, do not run away from the house and not talk to the wakey strangers. But they say that once it was the plot of the lunar cycle. Each of the Kolobcom meets was boning from him on a piece, as the moon decreases during the lunar month.
Repka
Tale of family and mutual assistance. Wonderful fairy tale to train the memory and obtaining the first ideas about the size and sequence.
In its more ancient version, the fairy tale symbolically indicates the relationship of generations, as well as the interaction of temporary structures, life forms and forms of existence. In the modern version, this fairy tale lacks two more elements that existed initially - father and mother.
In the original fairy tale there were nine elements, each of which had its own hidden image:
Repka - the heritage and wisdom of the family, his roots. It seems to unite the earthly, underground and overhead. Repka is planted, the most ancient and wise.
Grandfather - ancient wisdom;
Grandma - traditions, house, business;
Father - Protection and Family Support;
Mother - love and care;
Granddaughter (daughter) - children, grandchildren; offspring, continuation of the kind;
Bug - Protection of wealth in the family;
Cat is a blatant environment in the family, in this family;
Mouse - family welfare, at home. The mice are found where there is wealth, where the crumbs do not consider.
Initially, the meaning was as follows: to have a connection with the family and generic memory, to live in harmony with relatives, to work together and have happiness in the family.
11.03.2016
The fairy tale, like any other literary genre, has a clear structure. If it follows, then you can easily get an entertaining story for children and adults. And developed a model for building magic stories Famous linguist V. Ya. Prippet. Based on his writings, it can be said that the structure of the fairy tale is based on such rules:
1. The main and unchanged element is the functions or actions of the main characters. They bind plot parts. A beginner storyteller needs to be remembered that all the actions of the heroes should affect the course of history. Otherwise, they are simply not needed.
2. The number of functions is limited. Prippet allocated 31 action, famous to the world of a magical fairy tale.
3. The sequence of functions is the same regardless of the storyline. 
In the fairy tale there are only 7 roles for acting persons. This is: Sender, Tsarevna or her father, hero, false hero, assistant, donor and antagonist. However, all the characters involved can transform and change roles.
Flat Tale Structure: Details
Any magic story begins with the preparatory part. Here are such options:
1. Otchitch. One of the characters is leaving, goes to war, etc.
2. Ban. The hero gets any indication. For example, do not go from the trail or do not go into the room.
3. Violation. The hero forgets about the ban.
4. Removing. The antagonist is trying to get information.
5. Issuing information.
6. Chatter. The acting face is trying on a new image. As an example, you can remember how the wolf imagined the voice of the mother-goat.
7. Enforcement. The hero makes an action with the participation of another character (for example, eating poisoned food).
8. Initial trouble or shortage. The hero disappears or ills, the princess is kidnapped, etc.
The preparatory part follows the tie. In the structure of the magic fairy tale, it is expressed by such functions:
1. Mediation. The hero receives information or instruction from another character.
2. Beginning opposition. The main character gets the permission to "try happiness" in an unusual action for him.
3. Sending. The hero goes down. 
The main part involves the appearance of the donor. The establishment of contact with it requires a reaction from the hero. Then he gets a magic agent (potion, horse, magic phrase, etc.). Together with the gift, the hero moves to another kingdom. Here it is necessarily waiting for the struggle and branding (obtaining a special sign, according to which it can always be found). After the victory, the hero is eliminated by a shortage of the preparatory part: the king recovers, the king of the girl from the dungeon comes out. Next, the hero returns home. At this stage, pursuit and salvation from it is possible.
Sometimes the fairy tale can continue the additional line. It already has a false hero. It makes permit (abducting prey, for example) and the real hero is again forced to go on the road and find a new magic agent. Features are possible here:
1. Secret arrival in the hometown.
2. Another character claims to victory of the hero.
3. Before the hero put a difficult task.
4. Search solutions.
5. recognition of the hero by other characters.
6. Impairment, or disclosure of truth.
7. Transfiguration. Hero due to any action changes. For example, bathes in the magic source and becomes the oldest one.
8. Punishment of the perpetrators.
9. Wedding or accessory.
In a fairy tale, all the functions described must be present. Magic story is a puzzle, collect that you can as a soul asks. If you have to prepare the cards with functions in advance, you can "collect" a fairy tale along with the child. For clarity, be sure to take the playing field, at which you note the plot parts, for example, violence, a special circumstance (prohibition, illness, etc.), the test and appearance of the assistant, the victory of the hero, the punishment of the guilty and happy instructive end. And then complement the scene parts by other functions, on the go writing history.
Features of fabulous history
Previously, fabulous images were drawn from myths. Therefore, magical stories are universal for any people. They are based on primitive ideas about the world, and most of the structural elements were born from the idea of \u200b\u200binitiating and reflections on the other world. Initially, fairy tales rarely had a happy end. Such a junction was possible when the roles of assistant and a donor appeared. 
The fairy tale is easy to determine how people lived, what they dreamed of and what they were afraid. It always reflects the existing traditions. So, in one of the first versions of the "red hat", the girl ate the remains of her grandmother. The mention itself refers us to the time cannibalism has not yet been strict taboos. And in the basket, the girl could have not only pies and pots of oil, but also a bottle of wine, fresh fish and a whole head of young cheese. Beginning storyter should pay attention to this. In good history, the usual cultural codes are prescribed. The more clearer the magic world itself, the closer the story and the more effective.
The main goal of the fairy tale is to transfer knowledge. She did not lose his educational component today. But it is very important that the didactic material is hidden deeply. A child should not guess that he was taught. This is the most important feature of fabulous history.
Knowing the structure of the folk fairy tale, you can easily create your own stories. You can do this not only to entertain the child, but also to answer the most difficult questions.
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