How to draw a treble clef? The arrangement of notes on the stave. Treble clef and bass clef Treble clef appearance story

When teachers in music schools teach young children what a treble clef is, they often say something very beautiful and motivating. For example: “This is a treble clef! He opens the musical line and will open the door for you to the vast world of music! " Sounds poetic. But it's not entirely clear. Why is there a "key" anyway? And why exactly "violin"? After all, notes with such a sign are not only among violinists. Weird?

The word "key" is really no coincidence, this sign really is a key. But not from the door, but rather to the code. This cipher is the recording of notes, because they can be written in different ways.

What are sheet music? Notes are graphic symbols for sounds of a certain pitch, which are grouped and recorded in a special - octave - system. The fact is that musical sounds, the frequency (yes, it is measured in Hertz) which differs exactly 2 times, sound very similar to our ears. As a repetition of one - only at different heights. The distance (interval) between them is called an octave. Therefore, the entire range of musical sounds is divided into sections, which are also called octaves. Sounds similar in each area - notes - have the same names: Do, Re, Mi, Fa, Sol, La, Si. And the next note after B is C, only an octave higher. Etc.

The stave is the same 5 lines on which and between which notes are recorded sequentially. Thus, a maximum of 11 notes can be recorded. But the notes, unlike the rulers, do not end. And even adding a couple or three additional mini-rulers for individual notes, we will not cover ALL possible notes of all octaves. And most importantly, on different instruments you can play notes only of certain octaves, not higher or lower. It's the same with the human voice. So, we need to determine what kind of range we need and write in it - after all, the rulers of the staff do not mean anything until we set the starting point of reference. You must specify the KEY note from which all others will be counted.

This is what the key is for. It is he who determines the "encoding" - which ruler corresponds to the "main" note, and therefore, how others are located relative to it. And there can be many options - as well as musical keys. Their symbols seem intricate, but they make sense: the central element of each key points to this very "initial" note.

The treble clef, beloved by everyone (and us), is the “G” clef: its curl bends around the second ruler of the staff, on which the G of the first octave is located in the treble clef. This means that under this second ruler there will be fa, and above it - la. The treble clef is convenient for recording notes for violin, female vocals, horns, some percussion and piano right hand (but not always). Simply because these are high enough sounds and the treble clef fits: it covers the first and second octaves. This is the range of the average human voice (and violin). Traditionally, the tenor (male high voice) and guitar parts are also recorded in the treble clef, only played one octave lower.

There are also keys "fa" - bass, for example. In it, the parts of the second hand for piano, cello and bassoon are written - parts in the Big and Small octaves, that is, low sounds. Its curl and two dots place the Minor octave F on the fourth ruler of the staff. If you move it down one ruler, you get a baritone key: in it, fa, respectively, is located on the third ruler.

And then there are "C" keys: alto, tenor, soprano. And we are silent about very special keys for percussion, which may not say anything at all about the pitch! Indeed, there are a great many ways to encrypt music - but they are quite capable of understanding. If only you can choose the right key.

Key (music)

Key(Italian chiave, from Lat. clavis - key) in musical notation - a sign indicating the location of the note (that is, the pitch position) F, or G, or C on the stave. All other notes (that is, pitch positions) on the same staff are calculated with respect to this key note.

There are three main types of keys: the key "salt", the key "fa" and the key "to", the symbol of each of which is a slightly modified image of handwritten Latin letters G, F and C, respectively.

Using keys

The five bars of the staff (and between them) can accommodate 11 notes of different heights. Using additional rulers, the number of recorded notes can be increased to 20 or more. On the other hand, the total range of sounds of various voices and instruments in music is about eight octaves (for example, on a piano - 52 notes), but the range of each of the voices or instruments is usually much narrower, and it is more convenient to place the notes so that the middle of the range corresponded to the center of the staff. Therefore, a sign is needed to show the range of notes used for a given voice (tessitura).

The central element of a key indicates the location of its root note on the ruler. In some cases, a number is placed above or below the key 8 , indicating an octave shift up or down.

Key "salt"

Derived from the Latin letter G denoting the note "salt". The central curl of the clef denotes the placement of the G note of the first octave.

Treble clef

The treble clef is the most common clef. The treble clef places the "G" of the first octave on the second ruler of the staff.

In the treble clef, notes are written for the violin (hence the name), harmonica, most woodwind instruments, parts of brass, percussion instruments with a certain pitch and other instruments with a sufficiently high sounding. The treble clef is most often used for the right-hand piano parts. Female vocals today are also recorded in the treble clef (although in past centuries a special key was used to record them). The tenor parts are also recorded in the treble clef, but they are played one octave lower than the written one, which is indicated by an eight under the clef.

Old French key

Alto clef

The alto clef places the "C" of the first octave on the middle ruler. In the alto key, parts for violas and trombones are written, sometimes vocal parts.

Tenor key

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A note recorded on an empty stave in any place is not able to accurately indicate the pitch and even more so its name. In order for a certain note marked on the staff to show the absolute pitch, it is necessary to use a special symbol called the note clef. It must be indicated at the beginning of any staff, since literally all notes for classical guitar must be in the treble clef. Also, its other name is often found - the salt key.

In the center, the treble clef is like a circle that spans a specific line on the stave. Thus, it shows on which line in the staff the note "G" of the first octave is located. Typically, the center of the clef always encloses the second line, thereby indicating that the G note is on it.

Just below in the figure, you can see the range of all possible sounds that can be produced on the guitar, located in the treble clef.

And of course, in order to learn how to play a piece of any complexity on the guitar, this arrangement of notes will need to be learned by heart. The easiest way to do this is by starting to memorize the location and name of the notes only on the five main and three lower additional lines (while remembering the octaves in which they are located).

With this step, it will be much easier for you later to identify the notes that are between the lines. This is done thanks to the regular account. For example, if you know that on the second main line there is the G note of the first octave, and on the next line there is the B note, then it is not difficult to guess that there will be a note A of the same octave between them, since the order of the scale is always constant. The notation of the notes that are written above the fifth main line is best memorized in practice, as compositions appear that will include such high-pitched sounds.

Bass clef

In addition to the treble clef, the musical notation also uses the bass clef or, as it is also called, the fa clef. Ideally, of course, it would be nice to learn the location of the notes on the staff not only in the treble clef, but also in the bass clef, or, at worst, memorize the location of at least one note in it, in order to determine the position of other notes with the help of counting. Usually, for convenience, such a note is used the note "C" of the first octave.

What is this bass clef for? The answer is simple - for piano. The thing is that notes for piano and grand piano are recorded on two whole staffs, located and running parallel to each other. The upper stave indicates the notes in the treble clef, and the lower stave indicates the bass. This is because the piano can physically produce many more sounds at the same time than the guitar, and therefore, to avoid confusion, bass notes and melodic notes were divided into two staves.

All this is good, you say, but why should we, guitarists, know all this? In principle, for those who learn to play just for fun or just to show off their skills in front of friends and acquaintances, there is no need to know the location of the notes in the bass clef. But for those who want to constantly develop in the musical direction and make the guitar an irreplaceable part of their life, such knowledge will undoubtedly come in handy.

Thanks to the ability to read notes written for the piano, you can always transpose them and remake them into notes suitable for playing the guitar. For guitarists who are going to play in musical groups or orchestras, this knowledge is simply invaluable, because the same bass clef is used in the musical notation of many other instruments. On the staff, it is written on the fourth base line.

) we will give a more complete list of existing keys. Recall that the key indicates the location a certain note on the stave. It is from this note that all other notes are counted.

Key groups

Despite the abundance of possible keys, they can all be divided into 3 groups:

There are also "neutral" keys. These are keys for drum parts as well as guitar parts (the so-called tablature - see the Tablature article [read]).

So the keys are:

Keys "Before"	Picture	Explanation
Soprano or Treble clef		The same key has two names: Soprano and Treble. Places the C note of the first octave on the bottom line of the staff.
		This clef places the C note of the first octave one line higher than the Soprano clef.
		Indicates the C note of the first octave.
		Again indicates the location of the C note of the first octave.
Baritone key		Places the C note of the first octave on the top line. See further in the "Fa" keys. Baritone key.

More about Baritone Key

The different designation of the Baritone clef does not change the location of the notes on the stave: the Baritone clef of the "Fa" group indicates the note "F" of the small octave (it is located on the middle line of the staff), and the Baritone clef of the "C" group - the note "C" of the first octave ( she is on the top line of the staff). Those. with both keys, the position of the notes remains unchanged. The figure below shows the scale from the "C" note of a small octave to the "C" note of the first octave in both keys. The designation of notes on the diagram corresponds to the accepted letter designation of notes (), i.e. "F" of the small octave is denoted as "f", and "C" of the first octave is denoted as "c 1":

Figure 1. Baritone key of the "Fa" group and the "Do" group

To consolidate the material, we suggest you play: the program will show the key, and you will determine its name.

The program is available in the "Test: Musical Keys" section

In this article, we have shown which keys exist. If you want to know a detailed description of the purpose of keys and how to use them, refer to the article "Keys" ().

In modern musical notation, a staff of five lines is used. Notes are located both on the rulers and between them.

In this way, only eleven notes can be placed on the stave, no more. It's less than two, and musicians use a lot more. How do you write down all the other notes? True, additional rulers above and below are also used, but if there are more than four of them, it becomes very difficult for the musician to navigate. This is where special signs come in - keys.

This is followed by the size of the product in the form of a simple fraction: the numerator is the number of shares, the denominator is their duration. In each measure of the piece (up to the corresponding marks) there will be the number of such durations, as indicated in the time signature.

Next are the notes themselves. They are located at different heights depending on the melody. Another of them is duration, that is, length in time. The shortest durations used are sixty-fourths. Further on: thirty-second, sixteenth, eighth, quarters, halves, whole. If we take the count "once" per unit of time, then 1/64 notes will have sixteen, 1/32 - eight, 1/16 - four, 1/8 - two, 1/4 - one. Half account for two accounts, for a whole - four.

As soon as the total sum of the durations coincides with the time signature, a vertical bar is placed. The next measure is filled with notes in the same way and is separated from the third.

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Sources:

• write notes

With the development of musical culture, the ways of recording sounds and compositions have changed. Many centuries passed before mankind came to a single form of their recording, which made it possible to fix sounds on paper using special conventional symbols.

Notes are a graphic representation of musical sounds. The whole essence of this concept lies in the history of their creation. It is possible to find an answer to the question of what the notes are only by relying on historical facts.

There were times when music was not recorded. Chants and songs were transmitted by ear, from mouth to mouth. But the moment came when people decided to start recording them, so that the descendants who own musical score and have an ear for music could perform their favorite music and songs even after several centuries. To do this, they came up with notes - signs that show the pitch and duration of a sound.

Many generations on different continents have created their own ways of recording musical works. It was difficult to compare them, because they were very different. In Ancient Babylon, there was a syllabic notation using cuneiform. In ancient Egypt, melodies were recorded through drawings. In ancient Greece, the letters of the Latin alphabet were used. Already in the Middle Ages in Russia, people began to use graphic, consisting of dots, dashes and commas, located above the verbal text and denoting voice movements that were necessary in order to reproduce a musical work. These conditionals formed the basis of hook or znamenny writing in Russia, which is a kind of deranged musical notation - a visual depiction of the melodic line of a work.

Later in Western Europe, music began to be recorded using one or two horizontal lines. Along with the letter, color designation was introduced for the notes. The red or yellow color determined the pitch of the sounds. This is how the linear form of musical notation was gradually born, combining the pitch of sounds and the clarity of neums.

In the XI century, musical notation was significantly improved by Guido d "Arezzo. He proposed to write notes on a musical line containing four horizontal straight lines, which were combined into a single system. Subsequently, it became the prototype of the modern staff of music, and the letter symbolism of the heights of the lines was transformed into keys - conventional graphic signs that determine the height of the located notes. Moreover, they should have been placed both on the lines themselves and between them. In addition, Guido d "Arezzo - the creator of the syllabic names of 6 notes -" ut "," re "," mi ", "Fa", "salt", "la". But at the end of the 16th century, there were seven notes. "Ut" for "do" and added a note syllable for the sound "si". These names are still used today.

Later, the musical notation was improved and changed. It became clearer, clearer designations for pauses were introduced. The notes from squares turned into round ones, they had musical notes - vertical lines denoting the duration of sounds. For the same purpose, they were either painted over entirely, or left unpainted. A stave appeared, consisting of five note lines. Finally, the musical notation took on a modern form. But the music is limitless. With the development of new musical forms, musical notation changes and improves.

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The selection of works by ear is one of the many skills that a musician must possess. This skill is taught in solfeggio and music theory lessons. Thanks to the development of hearing and analytical thinking in these classes, the musician can easily recognize the notes of a piece - individual parts or general harmony.

You will need

• - ETM textbook;
• - manuals on solfeggio;
• - collections of dictations in 1, 2, 3, 4 voices;
• - audio recordings of notes.

Instructions

Sing the scales in a different sequence. Explore the entire quarto-fifth circle and all types of tonalities: natural, harmonic, melodic, folk modes. Sing each scale in a comfortable octave. Naming alteration signs.

Learn to sing intervals in a melodic and harmonic arrangement (sequentially or simultaneously). For the second option, invite a musician friend to sing the second voice. Bach's chorales and exercises presented in solfeggio textbooks (in particular, Ladukhin's manual) are especially useful for this.

Ask a friend to play with you. Start with simple monophones: the melody is played on the piano, and you try to guess it with your back to the instrument. Don't point your finger at the sky. After several lessons in music theory and singing solfeggio, you have already learned how to determine the degrees of the scale. In the melody, also try to find the tonic, gravitation towards it, the distance from it to the performed notes.

Gradually complicate the task by increasing the number of bars in the dictation from 4 to 12-16. As your hearing develops, complicate the rhythmic pattern, add chromaticism. After completing the dictation and checking with the original, sing it.

Develop not only a melodic ear (on monophonic dictations). Gradually include two- and three-part dictations in your class. Little tip: in polyphonic exercises, first record the lower voice, not the upper voice. Medium and tall ones follow. After recording, also sing the dictations.

Listen to your favorite songs. Try to write them in the same way as dictations: repeat many times, then record the bass, and then the chord and melody. By the way, in this matter you have more freedom than in dictation: it doesn't matter how many times you play the track. Alternatively, you can test your guesses by playing a note on an instrument (or piano).

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Notes are used to convey information, and like the letters of the alphabet they can be read. They denote musical sounds. To identify and read notes, you need to know how they are positioned on the staff.

Instructions

The term "note" is a symbol or graphic sign that denotes a sound, its pitch and duration. To be able to recognize and read sheet music, you need to learn musical notation. It is taught in music and secondary schools in singing lessons. But you can master it yourself.

First of all, remember the names of the notes. There are seven of them: do, re, mi, fa, sol, la, si. And they are arranged (like the letters in the alphabet) in this order.

Notes are written on a staff or staff, which is five parallel lines drawn. They are counted from the bottom up. To expand the staff, additional lines are used, which are drawn at the bottom and top of the staff. Notes can be located both directly on the rulers and between them.

The higher a note is written on the staff, the higher its sound. The ordinal value of the note is assigned to each line and interval of the staff. Moreover, their order never changes.

The curl is on the 2nd ruler of the staff, indicating the position of the G note of the first octave. In France, during the Baroque era, another type of salt key was used, which was written on the first ruler. It was called the French key.

Fa key

The outlines of the F key come from the Latin letter F. Its curl and two dots indicate the position of the F note of the small octave - on the 4th ruler of the staff. In this vein, notes are written for the cello, bassoon and other low instruments, as well as for the bass part in the choir, which is why it is called bass.

Along with the bass clef, there are two more types of fa clef: baritone and bass-profund. In the first case, the fa of a small octave is placed on the third ruler, in the second - on the fifth.

Key up

The C key is a modified Latin letter C and indicates the position of the note up to the 1st octave. There are 5 variants of this key. In the soprano key, the note up to the 1st octave is located on the 1st line, in the mezzo-soprano key - on the 2nd, in the alto key - on the 3rd, in the tenor - on the 4th, in the baritone - on the 5th.

Key modifications

A small figure eight can be added to any key at the top or bottom. This means that all notes should be played respectively one octave higher or lower than they are written. Such keys are used in order to avoid a large number of additional rulers or frequent key changes. For example, an octave higher than the real sound they write notes, alto domra, double bass, an octave lower - for a piccolo flute. Perhaps such a movement is not one, but two octaves, in this case the number 15 is added to the key.

A neutral key is used to record a drum part that does not have a specific pitch. It looks like a long white rectangle or as two lines parallel to each other and perpendicular to the staff, drawn from the 2nd ruler to the 4th. This clef does not indicate the pitch of the notes, it only indicates the stave where the drum part is recorded.

Sources:

• Musical encyclopedia. Key