1) keep smth. keep one "s old letters (one "s old clothes, his books, the archives, etc.) keep old letters, etc .; this is where I keep my things (my money, my stores, etc.) this is where I keep my stuff, etc .; he can make money but he cannot keep it he knows how to make money, but does not know how to save it

2) keep smth. keep this book (this toy, this photograph, etc.) keep this book, etc., to yourself; since you have found this watch you may keep it once you have found this watch, you can keep it for yourself [forever]; you can keep the box, I don "t need it any longer I don't need this box anymore, keep it to yourself; keep the change no change, keep the change for yourself

3) keep smth. keep the job do not change places of work, work at the same place; keep one "s seat / one" s place / stay in place, do not get up; keep one "s room do not leave the room; keep one "s bed stay in bed: keep one "s feet stay on your feet, do not fall; keep the saddle stay in the saddle; keep one "s balance / one" s feet / keep balance; keep the middle of the road (the road, the path, one "s course, etc.) keep in the middle / walk in the middle / roads, etc .; keep one "s way go your own way, do not deviate from your path; keep the speed go at the same speed, do not slow down or increase speed; keep time beat off the beat; keep good time show the time correctly

4) keep smth. keep one "s temper (one "s presence of mind, one" s self-possession, one "s composure, etc.) keep calm, etc, not lose calm, etc .; keep one "s head do not lose your head; keep silence be silent, keep silent; keep one "s distance a) keep at a distance; b) avoid familiarity

5) keep smth. keep fruit (vegetables, food, etc.) preserve fruits, etc., do not allow fruits, etc., to deteriorate; keep its shape (its color, etc.) keep / do not lose / shape, etc., keep one "s figure keep the figure; keep one "s looks do not go faint, maintain attractiveness; keep good health stay in good health

7) keep smth. keep a bridge (a fort, a fortress, the gates of a town, one "s grounds, etc.) defend / hold / bridge, etc .; keep the wicket defend the gate (in cricket), keep the goal stand at the gate, defend the gate (in football)

8) keep smth. keep the rules (the law, order, commandments, etc.) comply / not violate / rules, etc .; adhere to rules, etc .; keep a treaty / an agreement / fulfill / comply with / the terms of the agreement; keep an appointment come on a [business] date, come at the appointed time (place, etc.); keep a date coll. come on a date: keep one "s word (one" s promise, etc.) (with) keep your word, etc., be true to your word, etc., keep a secret / one "s own counsel / keep quiet, keep a secret; can you keep a secret? do you know how to be silent / keep your mouth shut /?; keep faith remain faithful; keep peace keep / maintain / peace; keep regular hours go to bed and get up at the same time, lead a measured life; keep late hours do not go to bed / sit, work / stay up late; keep early hours go to bed early and get up early; we keep late hours in this office in our institution the working day ends late; keep one "s birthday (festivals, etc.) celebrate / celebrate / birthday, etc .; keep a fast (Sundays, rites, etc.) observe fasting, etc., keep a ceremony send / perform / rite

9) keep smb. keep a family (an old mother, a wife and six children, etc.) provide / support / family, etc .; at his age he ought to be able to keep himself at his age it would be time to make a living himself; he doesn "t earn enough to keep himself he cannot feed himself

10) keep smth., smb. keep a car (a garden, a horse, etc.) have a car, etc .; keep an inn (a hotel, a school, etc.) keep a small hotel, etc .; he kept a bar Nege had a bar, he was the owner of the bar; keep chickens (poultry, bees, sheep, cattles, etc.) keep / breed / chickens, etc .; keep a cook (a gardener, servants, a butler, a maid, etc.) keep a cook, etc .; keep boarders keep guests; keep lodgers let the tenants in; she keeps my dog ​​when I am away I leave my dog ​​with her / she looks after my dog ​​/ when I leave; keep good (bad, rough, etc.) company to be found / to be friends / with a good, etc. company / with good, etc. people /

11) keep smth. keep butter (eggs, tea, wine, meat, etc.) have [on sale] oil, etc., trade in oil, etc., this shop keeps everything you need (fresh eggs, fruit, etc.) this store has everything you need [on sale], etc., keep a stock (a large supply) of machine parts (of vegetables, of socks, etc.) have stock in stock or in stock (a large number of) machine parts, etc .; do you sell buttons? - I am sorry, but we do not keep them do you sell buttons? - No, we don't have them on sale

12) keep smth. keep a diary (the score, records, accounts, books, the register, etc.) keep a diary, etc .; keep house farm; keep watch be on duty, stand by the clock

1) keep smth. in some manner keep one "s papers (one "s toys, one" s books, etc.) together keep your documents, etc. in one place; I wish you learned to keep your things together and not leave them all over the house when will you learn to keep your things in one place and not scatter them all over the house?

2) keep smb., smth. somewhere keep the children (the patient, all of us, etc.) at home (here, in, etc.) keep children, etc. at home, etc., keep children, etc., from home, etc .; the cold weather kept us indoors we stayed at home / did not leave the house / because of the cold weather; keep smb., smth. in some manner keep these birds (these animals, these things, etc.) apart (together, etc.) keep these birds, etc. separate [from each other], etc., do not keep these birds, etc. in one place / together /; soldiers kept five abreast soldiers walked in a line of five [people] / five people in a row /

3) keep smb., smth. for some time keep the boys (one "s friends, the newcomers, etc.) long (late, etc.) for a long time, etc. to detain / not let go / boys, etc .; I won "t keep you long I won't keep you long; what kept you so late? what made you stay up late ?; keep these books (this picture, his bicycle, etc.) long keep these books for a long time, etc .; don "t keep my dictionary long return the dictionary to me as soon as possible, do not keep my dictionary for a long time; can you keep his papers a little longer? could you keep [at home] his documents for some more time ?; keep smb., smth. somewhere what kept him there? what kept him there / delayed /?

1) || keep smb. prisoner hold smb. in captivity

2) || keep smb. company make up for smb. company

5 calm

I adj

1) calm, quiet

- calm day

Calm sea
- calm weather
- calm voice
- calm evening

2) calm, unperturbed

He is always calm with children. - He always behaves calmly with children.

He didn "t feel very calm in playing against such a strong opponent. - He was not very calm playing against such a strong opponent.

He is always calm in games. - He always plays calmly / coolly.

He is always calm with his son over his marks. - He never loses patience / does not lose his temper about his son's marks.

- calm answer

Calm expression
- be calm about the coming talk
- be calm about the matter
- be calm about smb "s future
- keep calm in games
- look calm
- seem calm
- be calm with smb
- keep calm
- feel calm
- be calm in action

CHOICE OF WORDS:

The English adjective calm, like its Russian equivalent "calm," is ambiguous. The Russian adjective "calm", corresponding to the English calm 1., can also be rendered by the adjective quiet. The adjectives calm and quiet in this meaning differ in that calm refers to movement and emotions, and quiet refers to noises, sounds: a calm day a quiet day; calm weather calm weather; calm sea calm sea; calm pulse calm, even pulse, cf. the children were very quiet; the children did not make any noise at all; be quiet! do not be noisy!; the city was strangely quiet the city was unusually quiet; to live a quiet life lead a quiet life

- calm smb by smth

Calm a frightened child
- calm smb "s fears
- calm oneself
- calm smb by doing smth
- calm the child by telling him a story

6 to excite

Unverified. - to worry;
sover. thrill (smb. / that-)
1) agitate, trouble;
excite, stir (to excite);
disturb, worry
alarm
upset (upset) excited by memories
2) (about the surface of smth.) Ruffle, stir

wake up -, excite (ext.)
1. (water surface) ruffle (smth.);

2. (disturb, disturb) upset * (smb.), Worry (smb.);
agitate (smb.);
the whole thing worries me, I`m awfully upset about it all;
~ oval, get excited
3. (about sea, lake, etc.) be * / get * rough;
surge;

7 take \ on

8 keep a calm sough

shottle.

keep quiet, talk a little

Keep a calm sough ... hear every man "s counsel, and keep your own. (W. Scott, 'The Abbot', ch. XVII)- Keep your mouth shut ... listen to people's advice, and try to climb less with your advice yourself.

9 calm

Kɑ: m
1.add.
1) calm, peaceful, imperturbable (about a person, about a person's character) Syn: quiet
2) windless;
quiet, calm (about the sea) The sea is much calmer at the bottom, than in any part nearer its surface. ≈ The sea is much calmer at the bottom than in the layers close to the surface. Syn: windless, imperturbable, tranquil
3) decomp. immodest, shameless, vulgar
2. noun
1) calmness, restraint, equanimity (about a person's character)
2) calm, calm;
calm (about the sea) Before and after earthquakes a calm in the air. ≈ Before and after the earthquake there is absolute calm in the air. Syn: lull
3) silence;
peace, silence Syn: quiet, silence
3.ch.
1)

At the beginning of World War II, when the world was plunged into depression, and people lived in fear, every day being in anxiety for their lives and their future, humanity needed to be raised in spirit and fighting spirit. At this time, propaganda leaflets and posters with various military and political appeals were popular in many countries.

"Keep calm and keep up the good work."

In England, which participated in the Second World War in the Alliance of the Entente, this phenomenon was also common. Freedom Is In Peril. Defend It With All Your Might and Your Courage, Your Cheerfulness, Your Resolution Will Bring Us Victory government to its people.

In September 1939, two of these posters were replicated and hung all over England: in shop windows, at railway stations. These posters were made in the same style and had only two colors: white letters on a red background. The inscriptions were made in a special beautiful font that would be difficult for the enemy to forge. The image of the crown of King George VI was used as a graphic emblem.

A third poster was issued by the British Ministry of Information in the same series, which reads Keep Calm and Carry On. It was decided to use it only in case of a crisis or invasion. But this did not happen, and the “keep calm” posters, with a circulation of 2.5 million, were never presented to the public.

The entire batch of the poster remained in storage throughout the war. Half a century later, in the small town of Alnwick, in the attic of his bookshop, Stuart Manley found the “keep calm” poster. The Briton and his wife really liked the symbolic poster from the past, and they decided to decorate the window of their "Barter books" bookstore with it.

Many visitors paid attention to this poster and expressed a desire to buy it. Then the owners came up with the idea to make copies of the commemorative poster and put them up for sale. Until 2005, although posters were on sale, they were not wildly popular until a note appeared in one of the newspapers. The post talked about the "keep calm" poster, and the author suggested it as a Christmas souvenir.

Then a real boom in sales began. The bookstore received daily requests to purchase the “keep calm” poster. As Mr. Manley himself says, his employees at that time were only engaged in accepting applications and packing posters.

Two years later, such a popular sketch began to be used by Mark Coop.

The entrepreneurial Koop organized the production of mugs, aprons and other souvenirs bearing the Keep calm and Carry on logo. Such goods were in demand among the British and brought successful sales. So in 2011, Mark Coop attempted to register Keep calm and Carry on as his own trademark, demanding that other companies stop selling products bearing this distinctive logo.

However, registration was denied on the grounds that the phrase had become fairly widespread, becoming a national property. The British themselves note that this slogan is the standard of English restraint and firmness of character.

Since 2009, the picture-poster has become the property of the whole world, hitting the Internet. It is amazing that a simple phrase from the past, consisting of only five words, has become so popular in different countries in our time.

Translation options

Parodies are of a different nature

Thanks to the world wide web, the phrase "Keep calm and Carry on" has become popular among Russian users. Even their own versions of translation and analogous phrases have appeared. Traditionally, “Keep calm and Carry on” is translated into Russian as “Keep calm and keep up the good work”.

There is another option, "Keep calm and hang on!" Russian native speakers also offer such translation paths as "Be calm and keep it up!", "Do what you must, and let it be, what will be."

And they even use the equivalent of "Smile and wave." It is clear that such variants are not literally translated from English, but rather only convey the general meaning of the original.

Thus, the Russian-speaking population, using the phrase "keep calm" in this translation, makes it an element of the language game.

Use in modern culture

After the slogan “keep calm” entered the public masses, especially the Internet masses, it is not surprising that it had to be an element of the language game more than once. After the phrase became well-known, and, one might say, stuffed asku, becoming a "meme of Englishness", they began to actively parody it.

Parodies are of a different nature, most often with a touch of irony or outright sarcasm. Notable examples: keep calm and drink beer, keep calm and call batman, keep calm and fake a British accent, keep calm and evade the police, keep calm and blog on.
In 2008, T-shirts with a print parody "Now panic and Freak out" appeared on sale. In 2009, this version of the parody was quite popular due to the spread of the global economic crisis in England. And still on many sites you can find products with various designs, parodies of "keep calm".

One of the well-known trading platforms has about 10,000 all kinds of goods with original and derivative designs.

Also in 2009 a site-generator of images appeared, where any user can create their own poster in the style of "keep calm". The hosted gallery site has over 12 million images created on this generator, and the number is constantly growing.

The popularity of "keep calm" is relentless, and the imagination of users has no limit.

Despite the change of times and generations, a simple 5-word phrase conquered the world. The phrase, once intended to save England from moral decline and instill confidence, saves even now, above all, from despondency. "Keep calm and Smile!"

Tarada N.S. 1

Storozheva T.A. one

1 State budgetary educational institution basic comprehensive school of the settlement Upper Podstepnovka m.r. Volzhsky of the Samara region

The text of the work is placed without images and formulas.
The full version of the work is available in the "Work files" tab in PDF format

Research work

Introduction

Every year there is more and more English in our daily life. When buying clothes or a bag with a foreign inscription, you need to ask how it is translated, at least so that your compatriots, who are more enlightened in terms of language, do not laugh at you. What if there is something offensive or inconsistent with the convictions of the one who was tempted by the beautiful bright font and colorful background. Many of our compatriots have a T-shirt, a cup, a notebook, a watch, a phone case or a pillow with an inscription beginning with the phrase “Keep calm and…”. The phrase has become so trendy and popular that only Old Believers, hermits who have retired in caves, might not have known about its existence.
Relevance: Many young people prefer the inscriptions, for example, on T-shirts, to be in English. They believe that this may mean that the item was not produced in Russia. Hence, it is of a higher quality.

Problem is that not everyone knows how the inscription on a T-shirt or other household item is translated. Sometimes these inscriptions have a double meaning.

In order to learn even the most popular phrases, you can write several works. We decided to devote this work to only one inscription “Keep calm and…”.

Purpose of work: identification of the semantic load of the KEEP CALM propaganda poster in the past and present.

This goal assumes the solution of the following tasks:

• study the theoretical material on this topic and understand what meaning this propaganda poster had in the last century and has now;
• find out the reasons for the revival of this poster;
• conduct a survey among students about the most popular continuation of the saying Keep calm and…;
• pick up pictures using this slogan on various items: T-shirts, mugs, pillows, etc.;
• analyze the collected material in terms of vocabulary and grammar.

Hypothesis: students do not know what meaning is carried by the motto "Keep calm", but simply pay tribute to fashion.

Object of study: propaganda poster Keep calm and go on.

Subject of study: the lexical content of the continuation of the phrase Keep calm and…, the use of this slogan on various household items.

Research methods: generalization of material, comparison, systematization and analysis of the results obtained, survey.

This work has theoretical and practical significance... Firstly, you can look into the past and find out the reason for the appearance of the propaganda poster "Keep calm and go on", and secondly, having got acquainted with this material, teenagers will be more consciously not only about the inscription "KEEP CALM" on their clothes or on other items , but also to inscriptions in English, in general.

The work consists of an introduction, a main part, which includes theoretical and practical parts, and a conclusion. There are also applications. In the course of work on the topic, mainly Internet sources were used.

Main part

1. Theoretical part
   • From the history of the appearance of the propaganda posterKeep calm

In our rapidly changing world, the most important is the information received in time, allowing us to draw conclusions and take certain actions. How to understand all this? Some help can be provided by those people who own the information. There is competition between them, forcing them to resort to different methods of attracting attention. For example, come up with original capacious slogans. What is a slogan? SI Ozhegov's dictionary says that "a slogan is the same as a call." "A call is an appeal, in a laconic form expressing a guiding idea, political demand, slogan." Now slogans are mainly used in business, in advertising goods or services, in elections.

This work considers only one slogan that has stepped far beyond the borders of the country where it first appeared: the cryptic phrase KEEP CALM AND GO ON. What does it mean? To understand this, it is not enough to know English, one should plunge into the history of the 20th century. Evgeny Malyar on the pages of FB.ru in 2015 shared with the readers the following material: “The motto, popular today, which is massively replicated on tea cups, T-shirts, sports bags and other household items, has become an echo of the events of those years. What does “Keep Calm And Carry On” mean, a phrase written in English? If you translate it literally, then, as in most similar cases, the meaning will not be fully conveyed. Just a call to stay calm and hold on. Nothing, the Russian language is expressive enough to convey the expressive context of this motto no less succinctly. Probably, in order to understand what “Keep Calm” means, you can remember how we ourselves sometimes say “calmly, let's break through!”. Perhaps this expression would be the correct translation of the old English motto in semantic expression. Only we sometimes get excited and pronounce such words, saturating them with temperament, and sometimes adding a couple of Russian folk idioms, and the inhabitants of Albion will say this calmly, observing calmness and self-esteem. For them, it is already clear what "Keep Calm" means. Do your job, do not be afraid of anything, steadfastly overcome all difficulties. "

In the spring of 1939, on the eve of the war with Germany, the British government ordered several propaganda posters. The posters were supposed to contribute to the tranquility of the population on the eve of the war, they had to be unified in style and fonts, they had to have the crown of George VI (as the only graphic element) and they had to contain only two colors. A total of three posters were prepared. First, "Your courage, your cheerfulness, your resolution will bring us victory". (Your courage, optimism and determination will lead us to victory), the second "Freedom is in peril, defeat it with all your might" and the third, printed in an edition of two and a half million copies - "Keep calm and carry on". The name of the author of this masterpiece is unknown.

The translation of the phrase "Keep calm and carry on" is most often found in 2 variants: "Keep calm and hold on!" or "Keep calm and keep up the good work.".

This slogan was rejected during the war years due to the fact that "it is too commonplace to inspire." The British government refused to distribute posters, backing up its idea with the following argument: "People can only be annoyed that we doubt the stability of their nervous system."

1.2. Present posterKeep calm

“Keep calm posters with a circulation of 2.5 million were never presented to the public. The entire batch of the poster remained in storage throughout the war. Half a century later, in the small town of Alnwick, in the attic of his bookshop, Stuart Manley found the poster "Keep calm ..." The Briton and his wife really liked the symbolic poster from the past, and they decided to decorate the window of their "Barter books" bookstore with it. Many visitors paid attention to this poster and expressed a desire to buy it. Then the owners came up with the idea to make copies of the commemorative poster and put them up for sale. Until 2005, although posters were on sale, they were not wildly popular until a note appeared in one of the newspapers. The post talked about the "keep calm" poster, and the author suggested it as a Christmas souvenir. Then a real boom in sales began. The bookstore received daily requests to purchase the “keep calm” poster. As Mr. Manley himself says, his employees at that time were only engaged in accepting applications and packing posters. Two years later, such a popular sketch began to be used by Mark Coop. The entrepreneurial Koop organized the production of mugs, aprons and other souvenirs bearing the Keep calm and Carry on logo. Such goods were in demand among the British and brought successful sales. So in 2011, Mark Coop attempted to register Keep calm and Carry on as his own trademark, demanding that other companies stop selling products bearing this distinctive logo. However, registration was denied on the grounds that the phrase had become fairly widespread, becoming a national property. The British themselves note that this slogan is the standard of English restraint and firmness of character. " We provide evidence of the popularity of this poster in Annex 1, and get acquainted with the information about the store "Barter Books" in Appendix 2.

“What is the secret of the popularity of this old slogan? The war ended long ago, but each of the people living on our planet is constantly faced with situations that threaten catastrophic consequences. Someone may lose their job, another is dangerously ill, the third in the family is in trouble. It is important not to lose heart, stay calm and look for a way out of a difficult situation. And then the eye will fall on the bright inscription, which at one time encouraged the British. "Keep Calm", which means "Nothing, let's break through!" Happened and not like that. "

In the 21st century, no threat of Nazi occupation is foreseen, it is not so urgent to show perseverance and heroism, and the phrase, hardly noticeable at first glance, continues to break records in terms of the number of variations, modernizations and publications on the Internet and not only.

As follows from the above, the poster did not become in demand during the war years, but it became widespread in the 21st century. Of course, today T-shirts or mugs with the words “ Keep calm " do not carry a patriotic semantic load, but they perfectly fulfill their main task - they help protect the owner from boredom and bad mood. The "Keep Calm and Carry On" poster has become so popular lately that it is no longer perceived as just a slogan and part of English history. Many people like his laconic look and positive attitude, others are already tired of his endless playing around and paraphrasing. Regardless of how people relate to this now iconic poster, its origins and recent rediscovery are interesting enough to relate to important pages in British history.

Practical part

2.1 Analysis of the survey of students

We decided to conduct a survey among students in grades 6-7. A total of 32 people were interviewed. The first question was: "Do you know the Keep calm and Carry on sign"? all answered positively and even gave examples where they met this inscription. However, they did not think about what it means. Then we asked to continue the phrase "Keep calm and ...". The survey results are shown in the tables.

The most popular were the following answers:

The least popular responses were:

Utterance

2.2 Selection of items with an inscription« Keep calm "

In the course of the work, various items were selected with the inscription “ Keep calm "... We examined about 300 different inscriptions. The multicolored T-shirts with the British crown and austere graphics are reminiscent of a propaganda poster. However, the slogan “Keep calm and Carry On” owes its origin to this type of printing products. The inscription was invented in 1939, but gained incredible popularity at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries. Of course, modern T-shirts with the inscription « Keep calm " too far gone from those propaganda, which created in Great Britain at the beginning of the Second World War. The slogan "Keep Calm" in those days referred exclusively to the expected bombings, and today they are preceded by a huge number of wishes - from the call to fight zombies or vampires to the call not to give up or learn English.

In addition to T-shirts, such inscriptions can be found on circles.

On phone cases

On pillows

On notebooks and diaries

On jewelry

On bags

On cutting boards

And even a sign on the door

And on the mouse pad

In these examples, we see that not only the red background is used, the font is also different from the original. George VI's crown can be replaced with a cat, scissors, a heart, a cup of coffee or tea, headphones, and so on. The above pendant with the inscription "Keep calm and expecto patronum" from the Harry Potter movie. You can look at other examples in Appendix 3.

The wave swept across the Internet, and this call was picked up by other countries. Some examples are given in Annex 4... House of the book "Medvedkovo" invited potential buyers with a propaganda poster "Keep calm and go to house of the book" Medvedkovo ". In Appendix 4, you can see pictures with T-shirts and tea mugs, on which the inscription, made in Old Church Slavonic type, “Keep calm and if you please speak Russian”. The initiators of the creation of this inscription are people who are fighting for the purity of our language and against a large number of borrowings from the English language.

2.3 Analysis of lexical and grammatical structures of the collected material

Within the framework of this work, we will consider what language material was used in the samples we selected. Firstly, along with affirmative structures to do something, for example, "Keep calm and cook on" or "Keep calm and learn from your mistakes" there are advices not to do something "Keep calm and don't read my diary" , "Keep calm and don't smoke", "Keep calm and never give up", "Keep calm and don't forget to be awesome", "I am Russian and cannot keep calm" and others. Secondly, there are many structures with the verb to be. As examples, we give the following slogans: "Keep calm and be yourself", "Keep calm and be Royal", "Keep calm and be crazy", "Keep calm and be a Princess". Thirdly, there are complex sentences with the union because: “Can’t keep calm because tomorrow is the last day of school”, “Keep calm because I love you”. Fourth, structures with degrees of comparison: “Keep calm Tuesday is better than Monday”. Fifth, we found a slogan with a direct speech: “Keep calm and say” I do ””. Look Appendix 5.

Unfortunately, in the course of our work we had to come across slogans that have a negative connotation. "Keep calm and shut up" is one less harsh example. We will not cite others.

Summing up, I would like to note that this slogan is known far beyond the borders of Great Britain. He is also familiar to my classmates, they themselves gave examples of what you can do while staying calm. This appeal became so popular that they began to produce T-shirts, mugs and other souvenirs with this slogan. The lexical and grammatical structures used in slogans are varied. The meaning contained in the inscriptions can be overt and secret. Everyone can find something interesting for themselves. There are inscriptions for lovers of cats, different drinks, cars, for those who like to travel and want to visit different countries. There are inscriptions giving advice on learning foreign languages ​​or advising to take up any kind of sport.

Conclusion

The slogan of five words, according to the British themselves, is the standard of English restraint and firmness of character. This phrase has become a real national treasure and a kind of modern business card of Great Britain. The slogan has become so popular that we can meet it in different languages.

Within the framework of this work, we tried to show how diverse the variants of the slogan "Keep Calm and Carry On" that appeared in the 21st century are. The poster quickly gained popularity, usually due to lots of parodies on it, where either the inscription or the logo was changed. But no matter how hard they try to remake the famous phrase, its original sound does not lose its relevance for many decades. After all royal tranquility and persistence in achieving goals- these are integral components of success in any business and in any era.

The magical combination of red and white, crowned with the symbolic crown of Britain, helped to avoid a terrible tragedy in the 40s of the twentieth century. In the 21st century, the poster continues to work magic, supporting the "militant" mood among the masses with the help of the main weapon - humor. In our work, we have brought the most successful fruits of folk art that the Internet is replete with. And also tried to consider the content of modern slogans from the point of view of vocabulary and grammar.

Many people, including my classmates, do not think about the meaning of the slogan "Keep Calm and ..."

List of sources and literature used

1. Ozhegov S.I. Dictionary of the Russian language, ed. Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences N.Yu. Shvedova M .: Russian language, 1989-750 p.
2. wikipedia.org ›KeepCalm and Carry On
3. ru ›article / 125162 / chto-znachit-keep-calm-po ...
4. en ›chto-oznachaet ... keep-calm-and-carry ...
5. en ›Articles› Poster HistoryKeep Calm and
6. ru ›Society›… -plakat-keep-calm…
7. edukation.com.ua ›keep-calm ... kultovogo-plakata /
8. en ›story / keep_calm_and_carry_on_nemnozhko ...
9. http://fb.ru/article/169794/lozung-eto-zerkalo-obschestva
10. harrypotter.wikia.com ›wiki / Expecto_patronum

ANNEX 1

A few facts about the poster

APPENDIX 2

Second-hand bookstore "Barter Books"

A second-hand bookstore, Barter Books, is housed in a former Alnwick train station. By the way, it is included in the 20 most beautiful bookstores in the world thanks to the splendor of its interior, which has preserved the tea rooms and waiting rooms of the old railway station. IN 2000 year, the owners of "Barter Books" hung a poster on the wall of the store. It is believed that from this time the slogan began its second life. Multiple replication, varied interpretation and recognition in all corners of the world - this is what awaited the British poster in the 21st century.

APPENDIX 3

Examples of modern posters

APPENDIX 4

Keep Calm Slogan in Other Languages ​​and Countries

APPENDIX 5

Variety of grammatical and lexical structures

Ozhegov S.I. Dictionary of the Russian language M .: Russian language, 1989, p. 266

Ibid, p. 480

Http://eng911.ru/interesting/istorija-keep-calm.html

Fb.ru ›article / 125162 / chto-znachit-keep-calm-po ...

Now it is very fashionable to say: "Keep calm (what this phrase means, we will find out a little later) and ...". And after and everything is added that your heart desires. The second part is of little interest to us. We want to find out what keep calm is. This is what our article is about.

Historically, this phrase goes back to the call on campaign posters during World War II, and it sounds like this: "Keep calm and carry on". It can be translated as: "Keep calm and bend your line." But that's all that can be said about the history of the issue. Go ahead.

Nowadays

In order not to torment the reader, let's start with the most important thing. As we already understood, the phrase keep calm has the following translation: “Keep calm”, or “Keep calm”. Thus, it is now clear why today to this, we will not be afraid of this definition, the magic phrase is added in English anything. For example, a call to love someone or to do something.

It would seem like a meme, a trifle, a game, but no. Not so simple. Indeed, first of all, you need to put your thoughts in order. Psychologists say that you should almost never lose your head. Because it doesn't help much.

For example, you are taking exams. You can say in the spirit of a modern meme: "Keep calm (we already know the translation) and pass exams." Which in Russian means: "Keep calm and pass the exams." Otherwise, without peace of mind, the student or applicant will definitely fail the test.

Why are keep calm images so popular?

We have a restless century. Everyone is in a hurry somewhere, in a hurry. We would all slow down a little, find peace, look around and see that we are surrounded by a big and wonderful world.

After all, you can ask in an ironic way, for example, like this: “And keep calm - what does it mean?”. In that sense, why should we stop? "To slow down" means "to stay behind someone", "to yield." Most people will not agree to this, even if peace is promised in the end. The paradox of our life is that we work very hard so that later, someday, we can sit back and relax.

Thus, the expression Keep calm responds to the deep demand of the population for peace, and on the other hand, as it were, it challenges the entire structure of civilization. What calmness at such and such a time, eh?

Don’t worry, be happy

People in their 30s and 40s now remember a more explicit mantra. She promotes non-action in the most literal sense, no ends for you, only calmness. Just “Don’t worry, be happy”. Whatever happens, do not pay attention - "Don't worry, be happy" (this is one of the possible translations of the English phrase in the subtitle and a wonderful song by Mikhail Bashakov). You don't have to do anything. You just have to be.

I also remember the Nautilus song "Just to be." The main idea of ​​which is that any action is boring, and in the end you just want to exist.

Let's take the liberty and say that most people would get out of the circle of an endless social race, but life is such that you need to "run very fast to stay in place," as L. Carroll said. Many people are afraid to sink to the most social bottom. We will say: “Keep calm (now in Russian), believe in your dream and do not be afraid of anything. In other words: “Don’t worry, be happy”.

-> Keep Calm and… What Else ?!

Keep Calm and… What Else ?!

Keep calm and carry on is the slogan from a British propaganda poster from World War II. Literally it means "Keep (those) calm and keep (those) smiling!" Or "Keep (those) calm and continue (those) work." The author's name is unknown. Initially, it was assumed that it would be distributed only as a last resort - if the UK is occupied by the Nazis. Therefore, in the forties, he was not familiar to almost any Briton.

But with the onset of the 21st century, the poster suddenly "surfaced" and very quickly became so popular that the picture and the inscription from it began to be used literally everywhere: on T-shirts, cups, toys and, of course, in new posters. By the way, one of these has been hanging in the office of Business-Link for a long time. And then the Internet was swept by a real wave of parodies, some of which we bring to your attention.

Original: Keep calm and get on with your work!	Now is the time to panic and jump aside.	Be just as brutal and wear brass knuckles.	Shopping first, then rebellion.
Maintain the separation of church and state.	Keep calm and keep cooking.	Smile and write it all down to the firm.	Get carried away and invent different things.
Keep calm and carry your magic wand.	Keep calm, it's just garlic.	Shut up and get out!	Hold your tail with a pistol!
Happy Birthday! Break away to the fullest!	Live fast die young.	Keep calm and order a pint of beer.	Keep calm and order another one!
Remain calm and cast the Patronus spell.