Pear paradise: amazing pears grew in Alushta, not fruits, but bombs with juice! There are legends about the gardens of David Efraimovich Sariban. Rest in Alushta Lake u p red paradise Alushta

This large mountain village is located 8 km from the city of Alushta and 41 km from the Simferopol railway station, at an altitude of 300-350 m above sea level, under the peaks of the Chatyr-Dag mountain.
The area of ​​the village is 657.5 hectares, the population is 2.3 thousand people, there are 824 households.
INThe composition of the Izobilnensky village council includes villages and settlements.

Panorama of the village

The village arose at the end of the 15th century. The ancient name of the village of Izobilny is Korbek (Kor Bekir - blind Bekir). According to legend, blind Bekir washed himself with holy water from the healing spring of the Kosmo-Damianovsky Monastery and received his sight. This name has come from then. The first written mention of the village dates back to 1773. And, according to the “Gazette of all villages in the Simferopol district”, compiled on October 9, 1805, there were already 45 households and 212 people lived here.

In the guide to Crimea, the village was described as follows: “The village of Korbekly is a typical Tatar village, which is picturesquely spread out along the branches of a deep ravine. The entire village is drowning in centuries-old hazel trees. In Korbekly you can spend the night with the mountain club agent Celil-Mustafa-Oglu, who warmly welcomes tourists and even gives them some comfort, or in one of the coffee shops, in a common room, where, of course, it is not entirely neat; for overnight stay they pay 20 kopecks. A good guide to Chatyr-Dag and to the caves is the Tatar Fazly-Siin in Korbekly, who speaks Russian well.”

In January 1918, Soviet power was established in the village. On the fronts of the Great Patriotic War, 113 village residents fought with the enemy, 109 were awarded orders and medals, 30 died in battle.

You can get to the village from Alushta past the village of Krasny Rai with a still solid and beautiful former landowner's house. The owner of this thriving wine-making estate, which previously bore the name “Paradise,” Mikhail Davidovich Sariban voluntarily handed it over to the Soviet authorities in 1920 and became the manager.
The former name of this place has been known since the middle of the 19th century. The author of the major work “Crimean Industrial Fruit Growing”, published in 1912, L.P. Simirenko, among the Alushta fruit gardens, also mentions the garden of General Raisky called “Paradise”. It is further said that it now belongs to the heirs of D.E. Saribana.

Two siblings, M.D. Sariban and S.D Sariban studied at the famous school of horticulture and viticulture at the Nikitsky Garden, and for their excellent studies they were awarded a business trip to Germany. They stayed there for a year, practicing with a great specialist gardener. After arriving in Crimea, in an area of ​​continuous orchards and vineyards, they took possession of an estate with an ancestral house, a hostel for workers and outbuildings. The estate included 10-12 hectares of orchards and 6 hectares of vineyards.

The actual owner was Mikhail. His brother made visits, giving him the right to be a sovereign manager. Having received complete freedom of action, using knowledge and foreign experience, investing his personal work, M.D. Sariban was able to achieve a lot. The gardens and vineyards have become exemplary. The owner managed to grow unique fruits on Crimean soil, such as Calvil - one of the most valuable varieties of apples, which in those days cost 6 rubles a dozen on the market. Among other things, Mikhail Sariban is credited with distributing Bere-gris pears in Crimea.

Sariban was known for his achievements far beyond the borders of Crimea. He was a regular supplier of pears, apples and peaches to the Moscow Eliseevsky store. A fruit specialist came from there every year and repeatedly presented Sariban with awards for excellent deliveries.
The owner could always be seen in the garden. Together with the gardener, he walked around each tree, identifying each damaged fruit. Particularly valuable fruits were tied in advance, while still on the tree, in bags made of thick paper. In this form, they were then removed from the tree and transferred to a platform, where they were allowed to grow for 8 days, so that during this time the codling moth would emerge from them.

Having already become the manager of “Red Paradise”, Sariban still remained a zealous and proactive owner. However, he did not remain in this capacity for long. As a specialist in fruits, he received a new appointment and went to Moscow, where he worked at Plodoexport until recent years.

The gently sloping ancient Romanovskaya road runs through the village to the Kosmo-Damianovsky monastery, on the territory of which there is an ancient healing spring. There, in the heart of the Crimean mountains, in a deep forest gorge between the Babugan and Sinabdag mountains, Saints Cosmas and Damian are molded on a mountain slope around the spring. Its always cold and clear water has been famous for its healing power since the time of the first Christians. Two brother doctors who lived in Rome and became Christians devoted themselves to suffering humanity. The inhabitants of Crimea have a legend that Kozma and Damian, expelled from Rome, were killed in Crimea.
They were buried precisely at the very source at which there was a monastery founded in their name.

Izobilnenskoye Reservoir

A large hydraulic structure was built near the village, supplying the city of Alushta with water. The Izobilnenskoye Reservoir is extremely picturesque. It is located on the Ulu-Uzen River (Long Stream). Its upper reaches are called Uzen-bash (bash, bashi - head, upper reaches). In fact, there are many streams. On one of them there are several cascades of the Golovkinsky waterfall.

The meadows in the Uzen-bash tract, which are located below the highway, are also quite beautiful. They have flat blocks, as if originally created for picnics. Up the highway there is already an outpost of the Crimean Nature Reserve - the Uzen-Bash cordon. On the territory of the village council is located one of the oldest nature reserves in the country, the Crimean Nature Reserve, created in 1923 on the basis of the “Imperial Hunting Reserve” (1913). During the years of Soviet power, it turned into a large scientific and experimental base for mountain forestry and game management.

The most valuable oak, beech, and pine forests in Crimea, unique relict groves of birch, yew, juniper, and rare species of flora and fauna have been preserved on the territory of the reserve. Under the arch of centuries-old tree stands, the sound of mountain waterfalls does not cease, among which the Golovkinsky waterfall occupies a prominent place.

Due to the extraordinary richness and diversity of nature, the exceptionally large water-protective, soil-protective, sanatorium-resort role of mountain forests, the Crimean Nature Reserve is of enormous scientific interest and has significant economic importance.

Mount Chatyr-Dag

A few words about the significance of karst cavities, which abound in Mount Chatyr-Dag. Caves and wells, mines and pits are often the beginning of the path along which groundwater enters the water supply systems of villages and cities, into wells and wells from which people take water for drinking. Therefore, everyone - both local residents and guests of the peninsula - are obliged to treat karst caves and mines with care, to keep them clean and inviolable.

The main peak of Chatyr-Dag Eklizi-Burun offers magnificent views. In the south stretches the huge half-bowl of the Alushta amphitheater. Its slopes are cut by gullies and ravines; Among them, the valleys of the Demerdzhi and Ulu-Uzen rivers, which flow into the sea, stand out for their size. In the valleys of these rivers by the sea lies the resort of Alushta, with white buildings of health resorts and excellent beaches.

Azizler

The surrounding area of ​​the village is rich not only in natural beauty, but also in historical attractions. For example, near the village of Red Paradise, on a wooded hillock, there is an ancient grave of the Crimean Tatar righteous Devlet-Aziz, revered by all Crimean Tatars. On the territory and near the village, the remains of a Neolithic settlement, a Taurus burial ground and a settlement of the 14th-15th centuries were found.

Kutuzov fountain

Near the village of Verkhnyaya Kutuzovka (the former name of Shumy) near the Simferopol-Alushta highway you can see a memorial dedicated to the famous Russian commander Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov. The monument “Kutuzov Fountain” was erected in the 20s of the 19th century. during the construction of an old road near the place where, according to legend, during the battle near the village of Shumy during the Russian-Turkish War in 1774, the young Lieutenant Colonel Kutuzov was wounded and lost an eye.

Village council building

On the territory of the rural settlement there are grape plantations of the state enterprise “Alushta”, where both wine and table grape varieties are grown.
In addition, the surrounding slopes are planted with lavender and oilseed rose, which are grown by the state-owned enterprise Efironos.
SMU-626 is located in the village.
There are: a secondary school with 320 children; club, library, outpatient clinic, post office.

The journey of the Crimean Tatars to their homeland after the deportation of 1944 lasted almost half a century. However, the long-awaited return to Crimea was overshadowed by the fact that no one was waiting for them here. It was necessary to start life from scratch...

The authorities have taken a tough position on preventing Crimean Tatars from entering their historical places of residence

Despite public assurances and decisions that were correct on paper, which were supposed to facilitate the resettlement of repatriates, in practice, local authorities took a tough position on preventing the Crimean Tatars from entering their places of historical residence, primarily on the southern coast of Crimea. The Crimean Tatars had to conquer literally every piece of land.

In April 1990, the chairman of the Organization of the Crimean Tatar National Movement Mustafa Dzhemilev stated that the Crimean authorities are “feverishly distributing land plots for dachas and vegetable gardens to the Russian-speaking population”: “At the same time, they find enough building materials for them and, as a result, all over Crimea, dacha towns are springing up like mushrooms after rain. At the same time, chauvinistic associations and “committees” of Russian speakers who openly oppose the return of the Crimean Tatars to their homeland are encouraged and directly organized by the party bodies.”

In this situation, OKND considered such actions as unauthorized construction and self-returns (in the authorities’ interpretation, “self-seizures”) of land plots to be fair and justified, motivating its position as follows: “Officials in the authorities brazenly tell the Crimean Tatars that there is no free land for them, and they immediately give away land for the construction of dachas for Russians living in Crimea or resettlement houses for new migrants from Russia and Ukraine.”

Often the authorities tried to resolve the issue using force, brutal physical reprisals and lawsuits

In accordance with the fifth point of the Action Plan adopted at the meeting of the Central Council on June 9-10, 1989, OKND provided all possible assistance and support to compatriots who occupied empty land plots and built tent cities. The integrity and even a certain rigidity with which OKND representatives defended the interests of their compatriots ultimately justified themselves: “So, in the village of Sevastyanovka, Bakhchisarai district, where the first tent city arose in August 1989, by the end of April 1990, 58 new houses were already being built Crimean Tatars. The occupation of land in the village of Zalankoy (Kholmovka) in the Bakhchisarai region also ended with the construction of over fifty houses. In those areas where sensible and relatively far-sighted leaders were in power, the issue of land plots after their occupation by the Crimean Tatars was resolved through mutual compromises and agreements. However, the authorities often tried to resolve the issue using force, brutal physical reprisals and lawsuits.”

One of these tragic cases was the massacre of a handful of Crimean Tatars on December 14, 1989 in the tent city of the village of Degirmenkoy (Zaprudnoye). Hundreds of soldiers, policemen and drunken crowds of people from nearby villages were thrown at them. For four months, the authorities kept the six beaten participants of the Degirmenkoy epic in prison, fabricating a criminal case against them on charges of hooliganism, resistance to authorities and other crimes.

Events unfolded dramatically in the area of ​​Red Paradise near Alushta in July-October 1992.

After the adoption of the Declaration and Resolution of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR in 1989 on deported peoples, the Crimean Tatars - natives of Alushta - had to defend a seven-month picket in 1990 so that some of them could receive land plots in late 1990-early 1991. The city authorities assured them that in the future they would guarantee the allocation of land plots for returning Crimean Tatars without hindrance according to the state program according to the resettlement scheme, but this did not happen.

There was a tendency: on the one hand, to slow down the process of the return of the Crimean Tatars, on the other, to prevent their settlement in Alushta and nearby villages

Since 1989, 2,196 families were put on the waiting list to receive land plots for individual construction, but only 800 families received plots, most of them after a months-long picket. In 1991, out of the planned 150 plots, only a third was allocated to the Crimean Tatars. In 1992, under the plan (according to the resettlement scheme taking into account the debt), it was necessary to allocate 370 plots, and about 80 were allocated. Thus, there was a tendency: on the one hand, to slow down the process of the return of the Crimean Tatars, on the other, to prevent their settlement in Alushta and nearby villages.

All this forced the Crimean Tatars (and there were already over 2,200 people on the waiting list in the city executive committee) on July 5 to set up a picket on the road near the peach orchard in the village of Krasny Rai. A provocation by the police on the night of July 5-6 and blocking the road on July 7 forced the picketers to fence off the camp.

On July 7, a meeting of workers of the state farm - Alushta plant was held, at which, according to the participants who told this to the picketers, there was an open call to “drive out the Crimean Tatars.” After the meeting, representatives of the workers (“the workers” turned out to be the manager and the manager) arrived at the camp and announced their disagreement with giving the field to the Crimean Tatars. On the same day, a meeting of the executive committee of Alushta was held, at which the following decision was made:

"1. Oblige the initiative group of persons of Crimean Tatar nationality..., as well as persons participating in the unauthorized occupation of land, to voluntarily comply with the decision... to vacate this plot of land... in the area of ​​the settlement of Red Paradise.

2. In case of failure to comply with the decision... propose to the land user - s/z "Alushta" until 07/09/92 to take measures to vacate the land plot unauthorizedly occupied by persons of Crimean Tatar nationality.

3. When vacating the land plot, the Alushta City Department of Internal Affairs (comrade A.S. Voevodkin) take all measures provided for by the Law of Ukraine “On the Police” to maintain public order.”

The decision was carried out...

On July 10, 1992, a pogrom was committed at the Crimean Tatar camp, as a result of which 17 picket participants were seriously injured, and tents and money were confiscated. But the picket survived.

On August 8, a month after the pogrom and five days after the meeting in Mukhalatka of two presidents - the Ukrainian Leonid Kravchuk and Russian Boris Yeltsin– the special forces appeared on the field of Red Paradise again. Led by the head of the Internal Affairs Directorate of Alushta Voevodkin, they began to surround the fortified camp of the Crimean Tatars. The pickets defended the temporary huts that they had already built - people hurried to the camp territory, and, in order not to let the punishers into it, they set fire to the rubber slopes around them. This did not stop the special forces. A tragedy almost occurred. Three Crimean Tatars, dousing themselves with gasoline and holding burning torches in their hands, went to meet the special forces. Voevodkin gave the attackers the order to stop and began negotiations with representatives of the picketers’ headquarters.

All 13 proposals of picketers regarding land masses were rejected for various reasons

To resolve the conflict situation between the Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar people and the Alushta City Council, a conciliation commission was created. The results of its more than a month's work: 5 meetings (3 of which were disrupted due to the absence of land users, although the minutes of the first meeting stipulated that the presence of land users is mandatory) and one visit to the land masses proposed for consideration. All 13 proposals of the picketers regarding land masses were rejected for various reasons: either there are gardens, vineyards, or this is a sanitary territory, then a reference to the general plan for the development of the city, approved, by the way, in 1984, when the question of the return of the Crimean Tatar people was not yet raised, then the refusal of land users.

For example, the Crimean Tatars were denied land plots near the highway, citing sanitary standards, although similar plots were allocated for Russian speakers in the village. Upper Kutuzovka. The patience of the picket participants was overflowing with the latest decision at a meeting of the town planning council about the impossibility of allocating land for areas of small forest. It became obvious that what happened next was simply delaying the decision...

(End to follow)

Climbing Roman-Kosh

In the mountains above Gurzuf there is the highest yayla of Crimea - Babugan-yayla, as well as the highest absolute peaks of Crimea. Four of them have an altitude of more than 1500 meters. Especially when you consider that the mountains here are located 6-7 kilometers from the seashore, the relative height difference is significant. Of all the peaks, we were most interested in Mount Roman-Kosh, because it is the highest point in Crimea, which we really wanted to conquer.

The highest peak in Crimea and the most remote from all roads.

As it turned out, the peak of Crimea is not at all difficult to conquer; you just need to know the road and gain strength for the long mountain trek.

We started our journey at the Red Stone rock, where we set up camp and where, after climbing, we returned for the night. The rock is very beautiful and interesting. It is compressed vertically and looks like a huge stone drum laid flat on the ground. Vineyards, peach orchards, tobacco and lavender fields came close to the Red Stone. The world famous “White Muscat of Red Stone” was prepared from local grapes, awarded gold medals at international wine exhibitions. Nearby is a picturesque lake, where scenes for many domestic feature films were filmed.

Then we entered the forest, where the road to Roman-Kosh begins. Perhaps I have never seen such a beautiful and soulful forest. The Crimean pines, beeches, birches and aspens surrounding us on all sides created a dense shadow. This is not some kind of forest plantation, but a real Forest. With tall ship pines, just like in Shishkin’s canvases... framed by tall beeches, with a multi-year layer of fallen leaves, into which you fall, as if into deep snow... With amazingly clean air, every sip of which inspires you and makes you several years younger...

After several hours of leisurely walking, the forest thinned out. The road twisted more and more, and soon we came to an open clearing, from which the snow on the tops of the mountains of the Main Range, beyond which the sea and the South Coast, and here in the valleys the sun, greenery and flowering meadows, were clearly visible. Ayu-Dag and the tiny rocks of Adalary off the Gurzuf coast are visible.

The higher we rose, the more often we encountered traces of various animals. In these valleys there is a high probability of meeting light and graceful roe deer, majestic red deer and fleet-footed mouflons. One of the most amazing sights on Roman-Kosh is the running of a roe deer. This time we were not lucky enough to witness such a breathtaking spectacle, it will be an incentive for a further hike..

The further we moved, the steeper the climb became, and on top of that the forest ended, it was very hot, the road became more and more tiring. Just in time, a fontanel with cold, crystal clear water appeared on the way, which quenched my thirst and gave new strength to the ascent. After resting in the shade of lonely trees, we moved on.

After some time we reached a fork called the Gurzuf saddle. The Gurzuf saddle is a mountain pass located at an altitude of 1388 meters. This is the highest pass in Crimea; two ancient roads intersect here. This pass, like the Romanov road, has connected the Gurzuf Valley with the central part of Crimea since ancient times. Here was one of the significant sanctuaries of Crimea.

Having reached the pass, two roads are visible - one of them goes to the right to Roman-Kosh, the other to the left, to the Arbor of the Winds. From here it’s just a stone’s throw to the top of Crimea. We go right and overcome the last steep climb on our way. The endless space of Babugan-yayla opens up before you... Walking along it, you will never think that you are at an altitude of 1500 meters from sea level. Yayla is an amazing place. The real Celestial Country. Calm, clean, wise. Now, in the spring, the yayla is a continuous flowering carpet...

But the miracles did not end there. The closer we got to the top, the closer we got, believe it or not... to the snowdrifts! This is your salvation from the fatigue of the trek and the sweltering heat! Each of us, like a child, began to fool around... washed ourselves with snow, played snowballs and simply rolled around in the snow, surrendering to the pleasant embrace of coolness.

Then in the sky we noticed several birds circling majestically. They watched us with interest, looking closely to see if we could serve as prey for them? But seeing that we were still quite lively and clearly there was no smell of dinner here, we disappeared in an unknown direction.

We saw many funnels with underground caves leading to the heart of Roman-Kosh and keeping its secrets.

In the distance, at the very top, we noticed a towering large cross - having overcome the last section of the path, we approached the cross and there it was, a stonework with the inscription “Top of Crimea”. Hooray! One of the goals of our trip was achieved! Now we are higher than everyone else in Crimea! 1545 meters above sea level. All. There is nowhere higher in the Crimean mountains. Positive emotions - without measure. There are a lot of impressions. An unforgettable view opens from the top of Crimea. On one side is the Babugan-Yayly plateau, which stretches almost to Alushta. On the other side to the north, an interridge basin covered with forest is visible. The surface of the Partizan Reservoir near Simferopol, Chufut-Kale, Tepe-Kermen is visible... and this is with the naked eye! When I picked up the binoculars... Simferopol, Sevastopol's southern bay... everything was clear... they gave Roman-Kosha like springs of pure beauty, transforming the spirit and body. You sit on the top and drink this life-giving coolness. And you can’t get enough... I believe in its healing power. The air is sweet and the peace and tranquility that reigns here is intoxicating, amazing and inspiring. This ascent was welcome; the peak teased with its proximity, but stopped us with its inaccessibility. But a little persistence - and here we are standing on the Roof of Crimea... on a conquered peak... and with white envy you envy those for whom this peak is still ahead..

The mountains always beckon and call us to stay.. but now the time has come, and it’s time to return.. After resting and having a snack, we went back down to the starting point. Despite some fatigue from hiking in the mountains since the morning, the mood was good and cheerful.

Pear paradise: amazing pears grew in Alushta, not fruits, but bombs with juice! There are legends about the gardens of David Efraimovich Sariban

Pear Paradise. Say a word about the Red Paradise

Southern Greece BC was called the “Country of Pears,” although ancient pears were quite tough, with rocky lumps in the pulp. But in Alushta amazing pears grew, not fruits, but bombs with juice!
So the Alushta valley a hundred years ago could well be called the “Valley of Pears”. They were collected in the gardens of many Alushta owners, but the most famous were the famous gardens of Sariban, located on the land of the modern village of Red Paradise. And if you, dear reader, have not yet been to the Red Paradise and admired Sariban’s former dacha there, then give yourself such pleasure, especially since quite hospitable and nice people live in this house today.

It is difficult to imagine that just a century ago, it was not the grapevine that flourished in this place, but the famous Alushta pears and apple trees that grew and were famous throughout the Russian Empire. These lands along the Ulu-Uzen River have always been highly valued. Land plots changed hands, often retaining the names of the previous owners.

In the Crimean state archive, a resident of Alushta, candidate of historical sciences A.I. Krotov discovered an interesting document, which suggests that Red Paradise received its name on behalf of one of the owners of the land plot.

“Geometric special plan of the Tauride province of Simferopol district. Dachas located inside the district, dachas in the town of Alushta in the Bashar Bashi grape tract. A garden called Paradise, with all the lands belonging to it, which is in the possession of the Court Advisor and Cavalier Nikolai Grigoriev, son of Paradise” - this is the full name of the document. This old document indicates that on November 19, 1834, the senior surveyor, collegiate registrar Yarov, “carried out a survey” of this plot, “within that property, demarcated by one circle from all adjacent owners,” counted 26 dessiatines 526 fathoms of land. * Reported by the surveyor and the fact that “during land surveying, within the district boundary, the settlement consists of a House with services.” The plan was certified by a number of persons interested in the legality of land surveying. “A deputy from the state and forest side of the Tauride State Expedition, land surveyor A. Savitsky, a deputy from the waqf side Aji Mustafa Efendi, from the owner of the Rai dacha, court councilor Raisky, attorney, and the adjacent dacha of the town of Alushta, the owner Andrei Grigoriev, son of Kortenko, had a hand in the plan. attached from the owners of the state Tatars, attorney Seydametov Memet oglu, for the village of Shumy - Asan Memet oglu, Korbekly - Mustafa Ibraim oglu, Memet Abdul oglu (further illegible - author), the villages of Demerdzhi - Atsuev Ali oglu, Amet Ali oglu "and, thus , all neighbors confirmed their agreement with the survey results. The plan points to the fact that at the time of land surveying there were already orchards and vineyards on the estate, but the name of the owner of the estate is practically not mentioned among the known landowners in any of the sources available to us. Three decades later, in the Memorable Book of the Tauride Province, published in 1867, information is given that “in the vineyards of the Alushta Valley there are more than two million five hundred thousand bushes of grapevines” and that “the best and most extensive gardens belong to the heirs of Petrichenko, Arendt, Balandina , Brailko, Grinevich and others.” This publication also mentions the fact that “from Alushta they bring the best cherries on the entire southern coast,” and “Alushta wines are also distinguished by their high goodness,” and that in total “there are more than 200 acres of land under gardens,” but when asked Whose possession the Rai estate was at this time, there is no answer.

But at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries, the name of the new owner of the Paradise estate, David Efraimovich Sariban, is quite often found in Memorable books, guidebooks of that time, and in periodicals, about whose gardens legends are made.

An indispensable participant in agricultural exhibitions, both all-Russian and international, David Efraimovich was invariably among those awarded for the high quality of fruits growing in his gardens, the history of which is passed down in Alushta by word of mouth. They say that he took soil samples taken from his plots of land to Paris and, having received recommendations from French experts, followed them unswervingly. The result exceeded all expectations. Almost the entire harvest of apples and pears was purchased from him by the famous Eliseevsky store. Every year, a representative of this largest trading establishment in Moscow came to Alushta to personally present Sariban with another letter of gratitude for the high quality of the apples and pears he supplied. But how could these fruits be bad? After all, David Efraimovich put his soul into their cultivation, and he forced others to the same dedication to gardening. In a word, our Sariban was the OWNER. Everything he did was done to last, efficiently and in accordance with the latest advances in agricultural technology of that time, and even residents of Ukraine who came to work harvested their crops strictly according to the instructions. If the apples still hanging on the apple tree were supposed to be hidden in paper bags for two weeks, then that’s what they did. Then they were taken directly from the tree in bags and sent to the buyer. A dozen of these apples cost about 6 rubles. If only rye straw was required for packing pears, then this was what was purchased and delivered to the estate, and each pear was packed in wax paper. Fruit pickers regularly had their nails trimmed under the spine to prevent mechanical damage to the fruit. Such precautions made it possible to keep the goods in perfect condition, despite the fact that the path to the consumer was very long. Boxes of fruit were delivered to Simferopol by horse, and then by train to Moscow, St. Petersburg and other cities of the Russian Empire. The famous pears were also taken to exhibitions in Paris, where one Bera-gris pear cost up to 2 rubles. The workers jokingly called it the “Take and Eat” pear, and it was indeed worth a lot, the pear weighed more than a kilogram!

After the revolution and the establishment of Soviet power, D.E. Sariban voluntarily hands over his exemplary estate to this government and leaves for Moscow as a Soviet official. And in 1920, on the basis of the estates of Konitsky, Stakheev, Sariban, Tokmakov-Molotkov, the first Soviet association “Yuzhsovkhoz” was created, which included the “Gardener” artel, created in the same year. That’s when Paradise turned red, not only because the word Red was attached to its name, but also because Red Paradise had never seen such harvests and fruits of the same quality as under its previous owner. The specialists who remained at Yuzhsovkhoz initially demanded that when collecting fruits, the same rules were followed as under Sariban. The collected pears and apples were divided into first, second and third grades, but there was nothing to assign to the first grade. The new owners did not consider the “people's goods” to be theirs and collected fruit, not caring about the previous rules. When the harvest they collected was classified as almost all of the third grade, the workers of the artel simply solved the problem, grabbed the “bourgeois henchmen” by the breasts and explained that everything they now have is first grade, and whoever disagrees is an enemy of the people! So gradually the earthly glory of the “valley of pears” passed away.

They say that before the war, David Efraimovich came to Alushta, gave a lecture at the club and went to look at his gardens and house. It would be better not to go. One of his former employees, who lived in his house, which by the will of the Soviet authorities became a hostel, recalled how desperate his former owner came, how he cried, looking at his neglected “trellis” gardens, at his house, turned by numerous residents into dirty and littered room. Lowering his voice, he talked about how hard it took David Efraimovich to control himself and not take his own life - after all, the work of his whole life was ruined!

The gardens are long gone, but the house... The house stands still. Built at the beginning of the 20th century, it still impresses with its solidity. Everything in it: from the tin on the roof to the gutters, from the beautiful stucco decoration to the stained glass window, has been almost completely preserved to this day, because it was made with love and diligence, which modern people are rarely capable of. After all, almost everything we have is disposable, from plastic cups to Khrushchev-era apartments designed for 20 years of life. Therefore, bow at this house to the memory of a man, one of those whose activities once made up the glory of the Alushta valley.

*In the 18th and early 19th centuries, in addition to the state tithe, equal to 2400 square fathoms, which in the metric system is 1.09 hectares, the so-called proprietary or economic tithe was also used, equal to 3200 square fathoms or 1.45 hectares. If we assume that the land surveyor used the owner's tithe, then the land plot of N.G. Raisky occupied an area of ​​more than 37 hectares.
** Waqf - in Muslim countries, property given up by the state or an individual for religious or charitable purposes.

Vera Rudnitskaya is the director of the Alushta Museum of History and Local Lore.

Alushta Holidays in Alushta is a large resort center, second in popularity on the South Coast, perhaps, only to Yalta. Aluston was first mentioned in written sources of the 6th century. The city of Alushta is located in the largest valley on the South Coast of Crimea, formed by small mountain rivers Ulu-Uzen (Big Water) and Demerdzhi. Babugan-Yayla rises above Alushta in the west, the Chatyr-Dag massif (City Tent) in the north-west, and Demerdzhi in the north. The proximity to the mountain passes Kebit-Bogaz and Angar-Bogaz (Angarsk Pass) significantly influences the local climate. Compared to Yaltoi, Alushta has colder winters and less hot summers. Temperature indicators: annual average - +2.4°C, monthly average February - +2.8°C, December - +5°C, June - +19.6°C, July - + 23.3°C, August - + 23.5°C; sea ​​water t° during the swimming season (from May to October) +17+23°С. The duration of sunshine in Alushta is 2260 hours per year (this is slightly more than in Yalta).

Alushta- the administrative center of the region, which includes the settlements of Partenit (formerly Frunzenskoye), Bondarenkovo, Lazurnoe, Malorechenskoye, Rybachye and others. The population of Alushta is about 50 thousand people.
History Despite the fact that Alushta celebrates its centenary this year, its history is estimated at one and a half thousand years. Aluston was first mentioned in written sources of the 6th century. n. e., when the Byzantine historian Procopius of Caesarea, in his treatise “On Buildings...” reported that to strengthen Byzantium in Taurica, Justinian I restored the walls of the Bosporus and Chersonese that had begun to collapse, and “built the fortresses of Aluston and Gerzuviton” (Gurzuf). From the end of the 14th century. Aluston is owned by the Genoese, who rebuild and strengthen the fortress. In 1475, Alushta was captured by Turkish troops. In 1902, Alushta received the status of a city without a district. However, its population at this time is only 2800 people. This is how it looked according to the description of the guidebook of those years: “Alushta can be divided into the old, Tatar part, and the new, Russian part. The Tatar part, with narrow and dirty passages that do not deserve the name of streets, is crowded along a steep slope above the Ulu-Uzen River. From a distance it seems that small houses with flat roofs and constant galleries literally stand on top of each other.
The Russian part is widely spread out along the slopes going down to the Demerdzhi River. Most of this area is occupied by vineyards and orchards, with only a few white cottage buildings here and there.” Meanwhile, the importance of Alushta as a resort center is gradually growing. In 1913, 3.5 thousand people came here on vacation. Only after the Great Patriotic War did Alushta acquire both the appearance of a real city and the glory of a resort.
Sanatorium-resort complex Alushta resort - climatic. Its health resorts treat mainly non-tuberculous respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases and certain diseases of the nervous system. Most of the resort's health resorts are concentrated in amazingly beautiful places: the Working Corner, the resort villages of Utes and Partenit. In general, the Alushta resort area, stretching from Partenit in the southwest to the village. Privetnoe in the southeast has over 70 sanatoriums, boarding houses, holiday homes, sports and recreational camps and other sanatorium-resort and tourist institutions, capable of simultaneously receiving more than 20 thousand people. In Partenit there are the most comfortable sanatorium complexes of the resort: “Crimea”, “Frunzenskoye” and the rest house “Aivazovskoye”. All the main tourist routes on the peninsula converge here: in the city and its surroundings there are three tourist centers, the Voskhod and Chaika tourist hotels, and many enterprises and companies providing resort and tourist excursion services.
Alushta has a natural sand and pebble beach. The swimming season lasts from the end of May to October, during which time there is almost no storm. The sea near Alushta, as well as along the entire southern coast, never freezes. Working corner Working corner is the most picturesque and famous place in Alushta. Therefore, it is better to talk about it separately. In the 80s In the 19th century, at the foot of the picturesque Mount Kastel, the former rector of the Novorossiysk University in Odessa, Professor N.A. Golovkinsky and professor of the St. Petersburg Military Medical Academy A.E. Golubev, built their dachas. Later, their neighbors became the famous Ukrainian architect academician A. N. Beketov, as well as prominent scientists A. I. Kirpichnikov, N. A. Umov, D. I. Tikhomirov and others. This is how the Professor’s Corner was formed, which over time ceased to be purely “professorial”, as dozens of new, “non-professorial” dachas appeared nearby. However, in 1923, the dachas of the scientists who settled here were confiscated by the Soviet authorities and a holiday home of the Crimean Council of Trade Unions was opened on their basis. It was then that a new name appeared - Work Corner. There are many health resorts in this area; there is a beautiful beach here: clean water, small pebbles, flat bottom.
There are several hotels in Alushta. Not far from the bus station is the Alushta Hotel (Oktyabrskaya St., 50, tel. 34-433), which came into operation just a few years ago. Hotel "Tavrida" is located in the city center (Lenina St., 22, tel. 30-453). Closest to the sea are the Spartak hotels (9 Perekopskaya St., tel. 37-220) and Chernomorskaya hotels (5 Oktyabrskaya St., tel. 30-317). You can rent housing in the private sector either yourself at the same bus station or trolleybus station from numerous apartment landlords, or by contacting the housing intermediary bureau (Lenina St., 7, tel. 30-291). The cost of housing depends on the season, distance to the sea and comfort; The most expensive housing rentals are at the height of the holiday season (second half of June - August). The minimum cost of a room (per day per person) is from 10 UAH. Transport Alushta is located just an hour's drive (or minibus) from Simferopol. You can get there by trolleybus in an hour and a half. You can get there a little faster (and more comfortably) by bus. To get to the Workers' Corner, at the trolleybus station in Alushta you should transfer to the city trolleybus No. 2, going to Komsomolskaya Square. If you arrived from Simferopol by transport heading to Yalta, you need to get off at the Alushta bus station. From here you can get to the Working Corner by trolleybus No. 2, to the city center by the same trolleybus going in the opposite direction, or by buses No. 2, 4. Sanatorium buses go to Partenit (formerly Frunzenskoe) from Simferopol; You can also use the trolleybus going to Yalta, stop “Partenit”, then further on foot or by passing car (2 km). There is a trolleybus from Yalta to Alushta, route 53 (Alushta - Yalta), you can also use regular trolleybuses and buses traveling from Yalta to Simferopol. In addition, small ships and boats regularly operate between coastal towns and villages on the South Coast. Where to relax, what to see The Alushta mountain amphitheater is the most beautiful and extensive in Crimea. From here you can climb the western peak of Chatyr-Dag - Eklizi-Burun peak (Church Cape, 1525 m). To the west of the valley stretch the beech and pine forests of the Crimean Nature Reserve. Orthodox Christians are attracted by the monastery of Cosmas and Damian with its healing spring.
Notable to the west of Alushta are Mount Kastel with the remains of an ancient fortification, the park of the Karabakh tourist center, Karasansky Park, Cape Plaka with a wonderful view and the Bird Islands, which can be identified in many adventure films. If you go up from the village. Solnechnogorskoe along the valley of the Ulu-Uzen river to the village. Generalskoe (8 km away), and then another 2 km, you will find yourself in the Khapkhal gorge with the famous Jur-Jur waterfall. No less interesting is the route to the same waterfall from the village. Radiant to the Valley of Ghosts on Mount Yuzh. Demerdzhi (Blacksmith). In Alushta you can visit the Museum of Local Lore, the House-Museum of the writer Sergeev-Tsensky and the House-Museum of the writer I. S. Shmelev. Near the city there is the Museum of Nature of the Crimean Reserve, which tells about all the components of the nature of the mountainous Crimea - from minerals to animals, as well as the museum's dendrozoo with living plants and animals of the reserve, created in landscape style, in natural conditions. The best holiday in Alushta