The Formation of the Romantic Poem (Coleridge, The Tale of the Old Sailor)

Samuel Coleridge, The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, another translation of The Old Sailor's Poem. A poem by the English poet Samuel Coleridge "The Tale of the Old Sailor", written in the years 1797-1799 and first published in the first edition of "Lyrical Ballads". The earliest literary adaptation of the legend of the Flying Dutchman. Freely translated into Russian by N. S. Gumilyov in 1919.

Samuel Coleridge, The Rime of the Ancient Mariner.
Illustrated by Gustave Doré.

Coleridge by Andrew Lang.
Published 1898 by Longmans, Green, & co. in London, New York.
Illustrated by Patten Wilson. The Rime of the Ancient Mariner.
Samuel Coleridge "The Tale of the Old Mariner". Artist Patten Wilson.

This poem is central to Coleridge's legacy. A traveler going to a wedding feast is suddenly stopped by an old man who attracts attention with his unusual appearance and hypnotic gaze. This is an old sailor who has committed a serious crime and is forced, at the behest of higher powers, to redeem him with a story about his act. During a long voyage, he killed the sacred bird albatross and thereby brought terrible punishments on himself and his comrades. The crew of the ship perishes in torment, the sea begins to rot, along which the dead ship, inhabited by ghosts, floats.
Only one old sailor remains alive, but he is haunted by visions. The traveler is shocked by the story of the old sailor; he forgets the wedding feast and all the cares of life. The story of an old sailor reveals to the traveler the mystery that surrounds a person in life. In The Tale of the Old Sailor, the romantic critique of urban civilization is carried to its extreme limit. The business city world seems as dead as a graveyard; the activity of its inhabitants is illusory, that Life-in-Death, the image of which is one of the most powerful in the poem. Full of deep meaning for Coleridge and admiration for nature as a "harmonic system of Movement." The killing of an albatross, which breaks this harmony, takes on a symbolic meaning in the poem.
This is a crime against Life itself. In the philosophical and poetic context, the punishment that comprehends the Sailor is understandable: having willfully violated the great harmony of being, he pays for this by alienation from people. At the same time, the meaning of that episode of the "Tale" becomes clear, where the Navigator resurrects with his soul, admiring the bizarre game of sea snakes. Some artistic dissonance is the instructive lines of the finale of the work. To convey the tragedy of loneliness, Coleridge makes extensive use of "suggestive" techniques: allusions, omissions, fleeting but meaningful symbolic details. Coleridge was the first of the English romantics to introduce into "high" poetry a free, "wrong" tonic meter, independent of the count of syllables and subject only to the rhythm of stresses, the number of which fluctuates in each line.

“I readily believe that there are more invisible than visible beings in the universe. But who will explain to us all their multitude, character, mutual and family ties, distinguishing features and properties of each of them? What do they do? Where do they live? around the answers to these questions, but never comprehended them.However, there is no doubt that it is sometimes pleasant to draw in your mind's eye, as in a picture, an image of a larger and better world: so that the mind, accustomed to the minutiae of everyday life, does not close itself in too narrow limits and did not completely immerse himself in petty thoughts. But at the same time, we must constantly remember the truth and observe due measure so that we can distinguish the reliable from the unreliable, day from night.
- Thomas Barnet. Philosophy of antiquity, p. 68 (lat.)

Where did it all start?
The reason for the creation of this poem may have been the second exploratory expedition of James Cook (1772-1775) in the South Seas and the Pacific Ocean. Coleridge's former tutor, William Wayles, was an astronomer on Cook's flagship and was in close contact with the captain. On his second expedition, Cook repeatedly went beyond the Antarctic Arctic Circle to see if the legendary southern continent existed.
Critics have also suggested that the inspiration for the poem may have been Thomas James' voyage to the Arctic. Some critics are inclined to believe that Coleridge used James' description of hardship and suffering in creating The Old Mariner's Tale.

According to William Wordsworth, the idea for the poem came about during a walking tour by Coleridge, Wordsworth, and Wordsworth's sister Dorothy through the Quontok Hills in Somerset in the spring of 1798. The conversation turned to the book Wordsworth was reading at the time, A Voyage Round the World Through the Great South Sea (1726), written by Captain George Shelvock. In the book, a melancholic sailor, Simon Hatley, shoots a black albatross:

"We have all noticed that since we approached the southern straits of the sea, we have not seen a single fish, not a single seabird, except for the inconsolable black albatross, which accompanied us for several days until Hatley, (my second captain) did not notice in one of his attacks of melancholy that this bird was constantly hovering near us, and did not imagine, judging by its color, that this must be an omen of some kind of misfortune ... After several unsuccessful attempts, he shot the albatross, not doubting that after that the wind will be favorable to us."

During a discussion of Shellock's book, Wordsworth suggested to Coleridge the following development of the plot, which basically boiled down to the patron spirit: "Suppose you picture how a sailor killed one of these birds while sailing into the South Sea, and how the patron spirits of these places took over burden to avenge the crime." By the time the trio had finished their walk, the poem had taken shape. Bernard Martin states in "The Old Mariner and True History" that Coleridge was also influenced by the life of the Anglican priest John Newton, who had a near-death experience aboard a slave ship.

The poem may have been inspired by the myth of Ahasuerus, or the Eternal Jew, who was forced to wander the earth until the Day of Judgment for mocking Christ on the day of the crucifixion, as well as the legend of the Flying Dutchman.

The poem received mixed reviews from critics, and the publisher once told Coleridge that most of the books were sold to sailors who thought it was a naval songbook. In later years, Coleridge made some changes to the poem. In the second edition of Lyrical Ballads, published in 1800, he replaced many archaic words.

SamuelTaylorCOLERIDGE

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Source: The Poetry of English Romanticism. M., 1975.

TALE OF THE OLD SAILOR

IN SEVEN PARTS

“Facile credo, plures esse Naturas invisibiles quamvisibiles in rerum universitate. Sed horum omniam familiam quis nobis enarrabit? et gradus et cognitiones et discriminate et singulorum munera? Quid agent? quae loca habitant? Harum rerum notitiam semper ambivit ingenium humanut, nunquam attigit. Juvat, interea, non diffiteor, quandoque in animo, tanquam in tabula, majoris et melioris mundi imaginem contemplari: ne mens assuefacta hodiernae vitae minutiis se contrahat nimis, et tota subsidat in pusillas cogitationes. Sed veritati enterea invigilandum est, modusque servandus, ut certa ab incertis, diem a nocte, distinguamus.” - T. INurnet. archeol. Phil., p, 68.

SUMMARY

About how the ship, having crossed the Equator, was brought by storms to the land of eternal ice at the South Pole; and how thence the ship proceeded to the tropical latitudes of the Great or Pacific Ocean; and of the strange things that have happened; and how the Old Mariner returned to his homeland.

“I readily believe that there are more invisible than visible beings in the universe. But who will explain to us all their multitude, character, mutual and family ties, distinguishing features and properties of each of them? What are they doing? Where do they live? The human mind has only skimmed over the answers to these questions, but has never grasped them. However, without a doubt, it is pleasant sometimes to draw to your mind's eye, as in a picture, an image of a larger and better world: so that the mind, accustomed to the little things of everyday life, does not close itself in too narrow limits and does not plunge completely into small thoughts. But at the same time, we must constantly remember the truth and observe due measure, so that we can distinguish the reliable from the unreliable, day from night. - T. Barnet. Philosophy of antiquity, p. 68 (lat.)»

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Samuel Taylor Coleridge- English romantic poet, critic and philosopher, an outstanding representative of the "lake school".

Composed by Wordsworth and Coleridge under the influence of German romantics in 1798, the collection Lyrical Ballads sounded like a protest against eighteenth-century classicism with its rhetorical bombast. Rejecting the rationalistic ideals of the Enlightenment, Coleridge and Wordsworth opposed them with a belief in the irrational, in traditional Christian values, in an idealized medieval past.

Robert Penn Warren, "A Poem of Pure Imagination. The experience of reading "(1945-1946) writes that Coleridge's poem in the interaction of its constituent parts and images is symbolic embodiment of the value ideas of the poet and his era which were realized in the work at different levels of creative imagination: conscious and unconscious.

• TO conscious("primary imagination") refers to the idea of ​​a difficult atonement for tragic guilt;
• To unconscious("secondary" or "pure imagination"), the meaning of which is reconstructed by Warren through the analysis of textual relationships and the study of various statements Coleridge, - central to English romanticism striving for the synthesis of poetry and truth, beauty and morality. Warren insists on an evaluative reading of the poem, connected, ultimately, with understanding how the "difficult" poetic idea finds its symbolic embodiment.

Critic Robert Speight draws attention to Coleridge's understanding of the purpose of the poet, the creator. The researcher, largely following the English romanticist, interprets the problem of the artist's poetic vocation in a mystical way. Compares the fate of the Sailor from the poem "The Tale of the Old Sailor" with the fate of every true artist. Just as the navigator, who, in obedience to an unknown force, had to repeat his story from time to time to strangers he met by chance, the true poet, according to Spieat, is "a messenger against his own will." He acts on inspiration from above, at the will of God the Creator and embodies his ideas in his work.

It is possible to identify the specific features of Coleridge's poetry more precisely by determining his place in the English literary tradition. It stands on the verge of centuries, on the destruction of the old and the construction of the new, both in history and in literature, at the junction of two worldviews, two literary trends. Coleridge and his fellow Leikists became the founders and progenitors of English Romanticism. Relying on the traditions of the Enlightenment, which were stronger than anywhere else in England, Coleridge managed to introduce a lot of new things into literature - from individual symbolic images to linguistic, metrical and even genre finds. His younger contemporaries, differing in many respects in political and aesthetic views from Coleridge, recognized his merits in literature and criticism. Thus, it is known that "The Tale of the Old Sailor", "Christabel" and individual poems made a huge impression on W. Scott, J. G. Byron, Keats, Shelley and other romantics.

"The Tale of the Old Sailor" by Coleridge:

An old man stops three young people going to a village wedding in order to tell them the tragic story of his life, and through it - to connect them to the spiritual awareness of human life. In Coleridge's poem, the wise Sailor with his story replaces the listener's joy at the earthly wedding feast with the tasting of the fruits of divine wisdom- i.e. wedding feast in the house of the Heavenly Father. Wherein sailor directly calls his chosen listener the Marriage Guest, who has no other name.

Marriage Guest- allegorical character. The sailor literally meets him on the road, like the servants of the gospel king, who, “going out onto the roads, gathered everyone they could find.” The sailor “finds” three young men on the road, but chooses, stops only one of them, “ elected"("many are called, but few are chosen").

The old man stops the young man first with his fiery gaze, and only then, as if fearing that the young man will pass by, holds his hand.

Coleridge highlights eye power, the ability of the Navigator with his gaze, the inner content of his soul, to attract the attention of people. Later, when the Wedding Guest hears the music coming from the house where the wedding is being played, and wants to join the earthly feast, the Mariner will again hold him with his gaze and continue his story. The Marriage Guest is a person who can understand the spiritual essence of the Sailor's story, a person whose soul can enter into marriage union with the Truth, God Himself. The Tale of the Old Mariner should open the door to the Kingdom of Heaven for the reader (the Wedding Guest), in the sense that he must abandon earthly wisdom and turn to heavenly wisdom, in union with which he can find salvation.. In this regard, the words of the Marriage Guest “The doors of the Bridegroom are open, and he is my relative…” also acquire a double meaning, and in their spiritual aspect indicate the possible closeness of the Marriage Guest to God Himself, if he sits on the “marriage feast that he prepared king to his son.

At the end of the poem appears a concrete image of a heavenly feast is a church, which the Mariner prefers to an earthly wedding. He hears the singing of the bride, guests and at the same time church bells that call him to the service.

The Sailor's story unfolds against the background of wedding music sounding from the Bridegroom's house, which directly gives the earthly wedding a high spiritual sound of its heavenly counterpart. The Sailor himself later unwittingly blesses the water snakes, which frees him from the power of dark forces. Thus, both the Wedding Guest and the Sailor operate under the influence of spiritual forces that differ from each other.

"The Tale of the Old Sailor" tells about the connection between the human visible world and the spiritual invisible. In the strange story of the sailor, one can see a parable about the relationship of man with God and the state of mankind before the coming of Christ and after He was crucified.. Coleridge emphasizes the connection with the Bible with a parable style of narration and glosses that comment on the text, like commentaries that accompany the text of Holy Scripture in the margins. The old man's tale is a story about a sea voyage, a romantic odyssey for a lonely soul. The story is unusually scenic: you can see a ship happily setting off from the shore, people waving after it, a church, a hill and a lighthouse flashing past.

The journey of the ship marks the main spiritual epochs in the development of mankind: people joyfully begin their journey, but soon a storm overtakes them, and they find themselves frozen in a country where there is nothing alive. The storm is described with the help of a number of personifications: he is a terrible tyrant who unexpectedly seizes the ship and drives it with his wings (there is an image of a huge terrible bird). So, people find themselves in the hands of the enemy, who drives them into the valley of death, where ice and the roar of the wind surround them. The symbolism of the scene is also obvious: humanity, under the power of dark forces, finds itself on the wrong path and comes to a dead end.

Cold, snow, blizzard, ice traditionally embody a cold cruel heart, danger and death. This symbolic row is rooted in folk art (Santa Claus, Snow Queen, etc.).

Jesus Christ is both God and man; Albatross behaves both like a bird and like a person. At the same time, answering the question of why the Albatross was killed is even more difficult than understanding why Christ was crucified. Both in the Bible and in Coleridge's poem, the death of the Savior is shrouded in mystery, not everything in it is accessible to logical understanding. The sailor himself does not understand why he killed the bird: he behaves as if "someone owns his will", but this "someone" is clearly an evil force that reigns in the ice. In the Mariner and the ship's crew, one can see an analogue of the Jerusalem crowd, which first greeted Christ at the entrance to Jerusalem, and then, a few days later, shouted with the same enthusiasm: “Crucify him! Crucify!"

Likewise, the team, at first accepts the Albatross with great joy, feeds him from his hand, plays with him. With the appearance of a bird, the ice moves apart and frees the way for the ship to the north. The opposition of the two sides of the world is also symbolic: the ship is trapped in ice near the South Pole, i.e. below on the cartographic vertical, which symbolizes the bottom, the underworld of the spiritual world; Albatross, on the other hand, leads the ship to the north, i.e. up (both on the map and in the spiritual dimension).

And then, unexpectedly for himself, the Sailor kills the bird-savior. The hero himself admits that he committed a "hellish thing" (hellish thing), he himself is horrified by what he has done. The reaction of the team to the killing of the bird reveals the pragmatic attitude of people towards the savior. At first, the sailors are indignant at what they have done, because a bird has been killed, which brought with it a breeze that brought the ship out of confinement in the ice. But as soon as the fog envelops the ship, the sailors dramatically change their attitude towards the murder: now the Albatross is a bird that brought the fog, in which not a single light is visible, which means that its murder was justified. The team is just as quickly changing its attitude towards the savior, as the Mariner did before them, and even earlier - the inhabitants of Jerusalem.

In all three cases, a person is presented in his two states - love and hate, which can instantly replace each other. The albatross is worthy of death, according to the sailors, if he brought them harm, or just an inconvenience. The sailor kills the Albatross crossbow(eng. cross-bow) - a weapon based on cruciform support for an arrow. The cross again rhymes with the name of the bird and at the same time symbolizes the wooden (like the arrow) Cross of the Savior. After killing the bird, angry sailors hang the dead Albatross on the Mariner's chest. instead of a cross. "Albatross" several times in the poem rhymes with the word "cross", in one place the author directly connects two images - the Crucified on the Cross and the bird killed from a crossbow:

The image of a repentant thief is universal and is a symbol of any repentant sinner. And since there is no person who would live his life and not sin, the image of a repentant sinner can be applied to any person. The Old Mariner roams the world, telling the story of his crime to people. After the killing of the bird, a whole series of changes followed in nature and in the state of the ship. A bloody sun appeared in the sky, everything suddenly froze and stopped, as if life itself had stopped, as if the whole universe had died with the death of the Albatross.

Part one

The Old Sailor meets three young men invited to the wedding feast, and
holds one.

The old sailor, he is one
Of the three, he held it with his hand.
"What do you want, with fire in your eyes,
With a gray beard?

The groom's door is open
And he is my relative;
There are already people, the feast is already on,
A merry ringing is heard.

But his old man keeps everything:
“Wait, the ship was there…”
"Let the white-bearded liar go."
The old man let him go.

The Wedding Guest is enchanted by the eyes of the old navigator and forced
listen to his story.

He fixed his burning gaze on him.
Guest - not a step further,
He listens like a child
The sailor took over.

Sitting on a stone Marriage Guest
And bowed his head;
And started with fire in my eyes
Tell the old man.

"The ship is sailing, the crowd is screaming,
We are happy to leave
And the church, and the dear home,
Green hills.

The sailor tells how the ship sailed south with a good wind and a quiet
weather until it got close to the Equator.

Here is the sun on the left from the wave
Ascends to the top
Lights up on the right side
Falling into a wave.

Higher, higher every day
Floating over the mast ... "
Then the Guest struck himself in the chest,
He heard the bassoon.

The Wedding Guest hears the music; but the Sailor goes on with his story.

The bride has already entered the hall,
And she is sweeter than roses
And the heads of the merry choir
Bows before her.

The ship is blown by a storm to the South Pole

But a storm overtook us, it was
Dominant and evil
He turned the opposite winds
And led us south.

Without a mast, a bow under water,
As if escaping from threats
Behind him a hurrying enemy,
Jumping up suddenly
The ship flew, and the thunder rumbled,
And we sailed south.
And fog and snow met us
And evil cold
Like an emerald, they are floating on us
Lots of ice all around.

A country of ice and a frightening rumble, where nothing living is visible.

Sometimes between snow cracks
Gloomy light will flash:
Neither man, nor animals, -
There is only ice everywhere.

From here ice, from there ice
Up and down,
Cracks, breaks, rattles.
Like sounds in a heavy dream.

Finally a large sea bird called the Albatross arrives
through the snow mist. She is greeted warmly and hospitably.

And finally Albatross
He flew to us from the darkness;
As if he were a man
We got along with him.

He took food from our hands.
Circled overhead.
And the ice cracked with thunder, and now
The helmsman took us out.

And now the Albatross turns out to be a good omen and accompanies
a ship returning northward through fog and floating ice.

And the good south wind rushed us,
Albatross was with us,
He flew to play, eat
On the ship's nose.

In the damp fog on the mast he
Slept nine nights
And the white moon shone for us
From white clouds.

The Old Sailor, violating hospitality, kills a bird that brings
happiness.

The Lord is with you, gray-haired sailor,
You're trembling like frost!
How do you look? - "My arrow
Albatross was killed."

Part two

"Here is the sun on the right from the wave
Rising to the top
In the dark, and on the left side
Depth goes away.

And the good south wind rushes us,
But the Albatross died.
He does not fly to play or eat
On the ship's nose.

The comrades scold the Old Moran for having killed the bird,
bringing happiness.

I've done a hell of a job
That was the work of evil.
I heard: "You killed a bird,
What the wind brought;
Unfortunate, you killed a bird,
What the wind brought.

But when the fog cleared, they justify his act and thereby
join in his crime.

When the sunbeam
The ocean lit up
I heard: "You killed a bird,
Sent fog.
You were right, killing the bird,
Sent the mist."

The wind continues. The ship enters the Pacific Ocean and sails north
until it reaches the equator.

The foam is whitening, the wind is blowing,
Behind us the ripples grow;
We entered the space first,
Those silent waters

The wind died down, and our sail hung,
And sorrow comes to us
Only our voice sounds in silence
Those silent waters

The ship suddenly stops.

In hot, copper skies
Half a day sometimes
Above the mast the sun, like blood,
As big as the moon.

Days after days, days after days
We are waiting, our ship is sleeping,
Like painted water
Drawn is worth it.

Revenge for the Albatross begins.

Water, water, one water.
But the vat is upside down;
Water, water, one water
We don't drink anything.

How it smells of rot - oh, Christ! -
How does the wave smell?
And slimy creatures crawl
From the viscous depth.

In the night weave a round dance
Wandering lights.
Like witch candles, green
They are red, they are white.

They are pursued by a spirit, one of the invisible inhabitants of our planet,
who are neither souls of the dead nor angels.

And a terrible spirit drank to many,
For us, the plague is more terrible,
He swam for us underwater
From the countries of snow and darkness.

In the throat of each of us.
Withered tongue, and behold,
We were silent, as if everything
They stuffed their mouths with soot.

The sailors, having come to despair, want to put all the blame on the Old
A sailor, as a sign of which they tie the corpse of a sea bird around his neck.

Looking at me with malice
And old and young wandered;
And on my neck Albatross
He was hanged by them."

Part three

The Old Sailor notices something in the distance.

“The days are so boring. Everyone has
Glassy shine in the eyes.
How bored we are! How bored we are!
What a terrible sparkle in the eyes!
I look ahead, and something suddenly
Flashed in the sky.

At first, like a light spot,
And like fog then;
Floats, floats and finally
Appeared as a ship.

Spot - fog - a ship in the distance,
And everything floats, floats:
As if by the will of the spirit of the waters
It jumps, it dives.

When approached, it turns out to be a ship; and expensive sailor
obtains from Thirst the ability to speak.

With a dry, black tongue
We couldn't scream;
Then I bit my hand
He drank blood and howled:
- Ship, ship away!

With a dry, black tongue
In movements are not firm,
They tried to laugh
And started breathing again
Like taking a sip of water.

An explosion of joy followed by horror. For is there a ship that sails
no wind or current?

Look! - I shouted - how quiet he is,
He will not give us happiness;
But without currents, without winds
He flies on the waters. -

In the west a wave on fire
The day is leaving like smoke;
And was above the wave itself
The ball of the sun is motionless,
When a wonderful ghost suddenly
He also stood between us.

It seems to him that this is only the skeleton of a ship.

Through the tackle the sun is visible to us
(Hear, Mary, us!)
Like behind bars
Burning, round eye.

Alas! (I thought and trembled)
He keeps swimming!
And are the sails
Is this thread in the sun?

And the yards seem like prison bars on the face of the setting sun. On board
the skeleton ship is only a ghost woman and death, her comrade.
What is the ship, such is the crew! Death and Life after Death play out
sailors among themselves, and the latter gets the Old Sailor.

The sun is burning like in a prison
Really between rei?
And the woman laughs at us? -
Is it not Death? And the second one is there?
Is not Death the one with her?

Mouth red, yellow gold
Terrible gaze burns:
White skin scares
That is Life after Death, the spirit of the night,
That freezes the heart.

That's close, come close
And started playing
And whistling three times, he shouted
spirit:
"I won, he's mine!"

There is no dusk at sunset.

The sun is no more; it's the turn of the stars:
The evening was not long
And with the noise of a ghost ship
Sailed out to sea again.

We listened, looked again
And like from a goblet, our blood
Sharpened fear in the heart;
The stars were dim, the darkness thickened
There was a helmsman under a white lamp;

Sunrise of the month.

Dew is on sails.
And then stood in the east
Horned month and star
Tangled in the horns.

In sequence.

And every month we drive
Keeping silence
With eyes full of sadness
haunts me.

His comrades fall dead.

And two hundred of them, living people
(And I didn't hear the words)
They fell with a heavy thud,
Like a pile of dead people.

Their souls rushed, hurrying
Leave their bodies!
And every soul sang
Like that arrow of mine."

Part Four

The Wedding Guest is afraid he is talking to a ghost.

You are terrible to me, gray-haired sailor
With a bony hand
You are dark as sea sand
Tall and thin.

But the Old Sailor assures him, continues his terrible confession.

Scary burning eyes
bony hand,
"Wait, don't be afraid, Marriage
Guest!
I haven't died yet.

Alone, alone, always alone
One among the swells!
And there are no saints, so about the soul
Remember mine.

He despises the creatures born of calm,

So many young people
Lost life:
A million slimy creatures
Lives, and I'm with them.

And angry why they live when so many people died.

I look at the rotten teeming waters
And I look away;
I look at the deck then
The dead are there.

I look at the sky and pray
I'm trying to lift
But there's a terrible sound
To dry my heart.

When I close my eyelids
Zrachkov is a terrible fight,
Heavens and waters, heavens and waters
A heavy burden lies on them,
And corpses underfoot.

But he can see the curse in the eyes of the dead.

Cold sweat pours from their faces,
But decay is alien to them,
And the way they look
Forever inevitable.

Orphans curse from on high
Throws the spirit to hell;
But, ah! Curse of Dead Eyes
A hundred times worse!
Seven days and seven nights before him
I was glad to die.

The moving moon has risen
And swam in the blue:
He floated quietly, and next to him
One star or two.

Was white in its rays,
Like frost, depth;
But where the shadow of the ship
She lay down, a stream sparkled there
Killer red.

In the light of the moon, he sees God's creatures in complete silence.

Where the ship did not cast a shadow,
I saw sea snakes:
They rushed to the rays in the wake,
They reared up and the light
Was in shreds of snow.

Where the ship did not cast a shadow,
I saw their outfit, -
Green, red, blue.
They skimmed over the water
There was a sparkle.

Their beauty and their happiness.

They were alive! How
Describe their beauty!
The spring of love entered me

He blesses them in his heart.

I began to bless
My saint took pity on me
I began to bless.

The spell starts to fade.

At that moment I could pray:
And finally from the neck
Breaking off, sunk Albatross
Into the abyss like lead."

Part five

"Oh dear dream, all over the earth
And he is happy for everyone!
Mary eternal praise!
She gave my soul
Heavenly sweet dream.

By the grace of the Mother of God, the Old Sailor is refreshed by the rain.

In fact, the vat is empty
Accidentally survived;
I dreamed it was full of water:
Woke up - the rain was noisy.
My mouth was cold and the fabric
It was raw on me;
Oh yeah! While I was drinking in my sleep
And my flesh drank.

But I didn't notice her
I suddenly became so light
It's like I died in my sleep
And there was a heavenly spirit.

He hears sounds and notices strange celestial signs.

And I heard a loud wind;
He blew in the distance
But still the sails were inflated,
Hanging in anguish.

And the skies broke
And a thousand lights
It will flare up there, then it will flash here;
Here and there, back, forward,
And the stars dance with her.

The blowing wind is so powerful,
I could break the mast;
It's raining from black clouds
And a month lay in them.

He lay down in a crack between the clouds,
That were so black
As the waters fall from the rocks
So the flame of lightning fell
With sheer steepness.

The corpses of the ship's sailors are bewitched, and the ship is sailing.

The ship does not feel the winds
But still he rushes.
By the light of lightning and the moon.
I hear the dead groan.

They groan and tremble
They stand up without a word
And it's strange to see, as in a dream,
The rising dead.

The helmsman got up, the ship sails,
Though also there is no wave;
And the sailors go there
Where should they be

Toiling lifelessly,
Unbelievably terrible.

my nephew is dead with me
Standing foot to foot:
We pulled one rope
But he was silent."

But not the souls of dead sailors and not the demons of the earth or air, but
a blessed swarm of angels sent down through the prayer of his saint.

You are terrible to me, gray-haired Sailor!
“Do not be afraid, Guest, wait!
It was not the army of sinful souls,
In their returning bodies
And the shower is a blissful system:

When dawn came, they
A crowd gathered around the masts;
And raising your hands up
They sang the holy hymn.

Sounds flew again and again
Touch the height
And quietly fell back
Now apart, now merged.

That song of the lark
There he could hardly distinguish;
That song of a small bird
Between heaven and water
Strewed blue.

Everything was silent; only in sails
Until noon the call is heard,
As if in the June heat
The murmur of streams,
That they sing with a gentle voice
In the silence of the night forests.

And so we sailed until noon
In the midst of complete silence:
The ship moved calmly
I draw from the depths.

A lonely spirit rushes a ship from the South Pole to the Equator, obeying
host of angels, but retribution must continue.

Nine fathoms deep
From the countries of snow and darkness
The spirit floated; and our contributed ship
To the water hills.
But at noon a call among the sails
It calmed down, and we began.

The sun rose above the mast
Doesn't let us go.
But in a moment the ship again
Suddenly jumped out of the water
Almost full length
He jumped out of the water.

Like a rearing horse
He immediately jumped up.
Whiskey hit my blood
And I fell helpless.

Demons, companions of the Polar Spirit, invisible inhabitants of the elements,
take part in its work, and two of them report one
to another, that a long and cruel vengeance on the Old Sailor was committed by the Polar
The spirit that returns to the south.

How long have I been unconscious
I myself would be glad to know;
When life returned to me
I heard that in the sky
Two voices are heard.

Who is this? - said one
- Isn't it a sailor,
Whose evil arrow was killed
An evil Albatross?

autocratic ruler
Lands of snow and darkness
Loved that bird and took revenge
Arrow owner. -

Part six

“But tell me! - heard again
"Answer me more,
Then this is how the ship moves?
What is hidden in the depths?

As a servant before his master
And the ocean is humble;
His burning round eye
Aimed at the Moon"

And if he knows his way,
Then it is the Moon that governs them;
Look, my brother, how gentle
sight
The look of the Moon above him.

But like a ship in a calm
Goes, bewitched?

The sailor lies unconscious as the angels carry the ship north
so fast that a person can't stand it.

There was air ahead
He closed behind.

Let's fly, my brother, let's fly!
We are late like this:
As long as the ship is moving forward
The sailor will wake up. -

Miraculous movement slowed down; The sailor woke up, and retribution
continues.

I woke up; and we are sailing
In calm waters:
The dead crowded around
And the moon in the clouds.

They are on deck
Staring at me
Glass eyes, where is the beam
Heavenly fire.

They died with a curse
Damn in their eyes.
I can't take my eyes off
Don't leave in tears.

Retribution is finally over.

And the spell ended: again
I looked into the green of the waters,
And though I didn't see anything
But everyone was looking ahead.

Like a traveler walking in the wilderness
With anxiety and sadness
And spun, but back
He will not look at his path
And feels behind
Terrible spirit of the night.

But soon the wind is on me
Slightly perceptible, blew:
His inaudible, quiet step
The water did not waver.

He brightened up my face
Like the wind of spring, beckoning
And, penetrating my horror,
He consoled me.

The ship was moving so fast
It is easy for him to go;
And gently, gently the wind blew, -
I fanned alone.

And the Old Sailor sees his homeland again.

Oh wonderful dream! Am I
Darling see the house?
And this hill and the temple on it?
And I'm in my native land?

To the bay of our ship
Directs his way -
Oh let me wake up Lord
Let me sleep forever!

In the native bay, the waters sleep,
They are as smooth as ice
They see the rays of the moon
And shadows from the moon.

By the silent glow of the moon
Illuminated all around
Rock and church on the rock
And a weather rooster.

The angels leave the corpses and appear in robes of light.

And the ghosts rise in a crowd
Among the white waters are red,
Those who seemed to me now
Shadows from the moon.

In clothes red, like blood,
They come to us:
And I looked at the deck -
Lord! What was there!

Lying, as before, every corpse,
Terrible, motionless!
But was over everyone in their heads
Winged seraph.

A choir of angels beckoned
And sent hello
Like beacons,
Dressed in light.

A choir of angels beckoned,
Not a sound in silence
But the silence sings
Like music in me.

Suddenly I heard the splash of oar
And the pilot's whistle;
Involuntarily I turned around
And I saw a shuttle.

There is the feeder and his child,
They swim after me
Lord! Before such joy
Nothing and the dead system.

I hear the call of the hermit
After all, he is the third in the boat!
He sings loudly a glorious hymn,
What is difficult for them in the forest.
I know it can wash away the soul
He is the blood of the Albatross.

Part seven

Forest Hermit.

The hermit lives in the forest
At the blue wave.
Sings in the silence of the forest,
He loves to chat with the Sailor
From the far side.

And in the mornings, in the evenings
He prays in silence:
His pillow is soft - moss
On a dilapidated stump.

The shuttle was close. I hear:
Is there witchcraft here?
Where did the bright one go?
The light that called us?

And no one answered us,
The Hermit said, yes!

Wonderful approach of the ship.

The ship is dry, and the sails?
Looks like fabric is thin!
Comparison is not to be found; one
Looks like her sometimes
A bunch of leaves that are mine
Forest streams rush;
When the grass sleeps under the snow
And the owl speaks to the wolf.
With the one that ate the cubs. -

Those were the eyes of Satan!
(So ​​the feeder exclaimed)
- I'm scared. - Nothing!
sailing! -
The hermit answered.

The shuttle is already at the ship,
I am in oblivion,
The shuttle moored to the ship,
And suddenly there was thunder.

The ship suddenly sinks.

It resounded from under the water
And it's growing, it's growing
He stirred up the bay, and behold
The ship is sinking.

The Old Sailor finds salvation in the shuttle.

Thunder froze the ocean
And the heavens are sad
And like a drowned man I surfaced
From the depths light;
But I opened my eyes
In a reliable shuttle.

In the funnel where the ship died
The shuttle turned like a top;
Everything was quiet, only the hill was buzzing,
It resounded with thunder.

I opened my mouth - and suddenly the feeder,
Covering his face, he fell;
The Holy Hermit was pale
And he called on God.

I grabbed the oars: and the child,
Almost confused
Laughing without looking away
From my path.
- Ha! Ha! - mutters, - how glad I am,
What the hell can row. -

And I'm in my native country,
On solid ground!
The hermit has gone out and is in a hurry,
Hiding in the mist.

The Old Sailor begs the Hermit to accept his confession; and his soul
relieved.

“Wait! I want to repent!”
The hermit frowns
And asks: "Who are you?
What have you done so far?"

And a heavy load fell from me
With agonizing sadness,
What forced my story;
And I went different.

But still, longing makes him wander from country to country.

Since then, melancholy has oppressed me
At an hour unknown to me,
Until I tell you again
My dark story.

Like night, I wander from end to end,
Sweeping either snow or dust;
And I know by the face
Who can listen to my
Painful reality.

Oh, how loud noise is behind the door!
The guests gathered there;
The bride sings in the meadow
With girlfriends to guests,
And the evening bells are heard
Calling me to the temple.

Oh Marriage Guest, I have been to the seas
Desert lonely,
So lonely as can be
There is only God.

But I won't ask you
Take me to the feast!
It's sweeter for me to go to God's temple
With good people.

Walk all together in God's temple
And listen to the chant there
Who speak to God
Among old people, men, children,
Both boys and girls.

And teaches by his own example love and attention to all creation,
created and loved by God.

Bye Bye! But, Marriage
Guest,
Believe my words!
The one who loves everyone prays
Be it a bird or a beast.
Believe my words!

He prays who loves everything -
Creation and creation;
Then that the god who loves them
Over this creature is a king.

Sailor with eyes of fire
With a gray beard
Gone, and then the Marriage Guest
Wandered to my home.

Wandered like a beast that is stunned
Hastening to his hole:
But deeper and wiser
Woke up in the morning.

“The Poem of the Old Sailor” tells about supernatural events that happened to a sailor during a long voyage. He tells about this much later to a random interlocutor, whom he distracted from the wedding procession. After sailing from the port, the ship of the protagonist got into a storm, which carried him far to the South, to Antarctica. An albatross, considered a good omen, appears and takes the ship out of the ice. However, the sailor kills the bird with a crossbow, without knowing why. His comrades scold him for this, but when the fog that enveloped the ship clears, they change their minds. But soon the ship falls into a dead calm, and the sailor is accused of bringing a curse on everyone.

As a token of his guilt, the corpse of an albatross was hung around his neck. The calm continues, the team suffers from thirst. Eventually a ghost ship appears, on board which Death plays dice with Life-in-Death for the souls of the ship's crew. Death wins everyone except the protagonist, who goes to Life-in-Death. One by one, all two hundred of the sailor's comrades die, and the sailor is tormented for seven days by seeing their eyes full of eternal damnation. In the end, he sees in the water around the ship sea creatures, which he used to call only “slimy creatures”, and having begun to see, he blesses them all and all living things in general. The curse vanishes, and as a token, the albatross falls from his neck.

Rain pours from the sky and quenches the sailor's thirst, his ship sails straight home, disobeying the wind, led by the angels who have inhabited the bodies of the dead. Having brought the sailor home, the ship disappears with the crew in a whirlpool, but nothing is finished yet, and Life-in-Death makes the sailor wander the earth, telling his story and its lesson everywhere as an edification.

“The Tale of the Old Sailor” tells about the connection of the human visible world with the spiritual invisible. In the strange story of the sailor, one can see a parable about the relationship of man with God and the state of mankind before the coming of Christ and after He was crucified. Coleridge emphasizes the connection with the Bible with a parable style of narration and glosses that comment on the text, like commentaries that accompany the text of Holy Scripture in the margins. The old man's story is a story about a sea voyage, a romantic odyssey for a lonely soul.

The story consists of seven parts. Based on the plot of the Legend, the compositional division can be imagined as follows: the beginning of the path, the commission of a sin (killing an albatross). punishment for sin, atonement. It is also worth taking into account the structure of the work - “a story within a story” (an old sailor meets a wedding guest and tells him his story).

The Marriage Guest is a person who can understand the spiritual essence of the Sailor's story, a person whose soul can enter into marriage union with the Truth, God Himself. The Tale of the Old Sailor should open the door to the Kingdom of Heaven for the reader (the Wedding Guest), in the sense that he must abandon earthly wisdom and turn to heavenly wisdom, in union with which he can find salvation.

The Sailor's story unfolds against the background of wedding music sounding from the Bridegroom's house, which directly gives the earthly wedding a high spiritual sound of its heavenly counterpart. The Sailor himself later unwittingly blesses the water snakes, which frees him from the power of dark forces. Thus, both the Wedding Guest and the Sailor operate under the influence of spiritual forces that differ from each other.

An old man stops three young people going to a village wedding in order to tell them the tragic story of his life, and through it - to connect them to the spiritual awareness of human life.

In Coleridge's poem, the wise Navigator, with his story, replaces the fun at the earthly wedding feast for the listener with eating the fruits of divine wisdom - that is, the wedding feast in the house of the Heavenly Father. At the same time, the Mariner directly calls his chosen listener the Marriage Guest, who has no other name. The Marriage Guest is an allegorical character. The sailor “finds” three young men on the road, but chooses, stops only one of them, the “chosen one” (“many are called, but few are chosen”).

The journey of the ship marks the main spiritual epochs in the development of mankind: people joyfully begin their journey, but soon a storm overtakes them, and they find themselves frozen in a country where there is nothing alive. The storm is described with the help of a number of personifications: he is a terrible tyrant who unexpectedly seizes the ship and drives it with his wings (there is an image of a huge terrible bird). So, people find themselves in the hands of the enemy, who drives them into the valley of death, where ice and the roar of the wind surround them. The symbolism of the scene is also obvious: humanity, under the power of dark forces, finds itself on the wrong path and comes to a dead end.

Cold, snow, blizzard, ice traditionally embody a cold cruel heart, danger and death. This symbolic row is rooted in folk art.

Jesus Christ is both God and man; Albatross behaves both like a bird and like a person. At the same time, answering the question of why the Albatross was killed is even more difficult than understanding why Christ was crucified. Both in the Bible and in Coleridge's poem, the death of the Savior is shrouded in mystery, not everything in it is accessible to logical understanding. The sailor himself does not understand why he killed the bird: he behaves as if "someone owns his will", but this "someone" is clearly an evil force that reigns in the ice. In the Mariner and the ship's crew, one can see an analogue of the Jerusalem crowd, which first greeted Christ at the entrance to Jerusalem, and then, a few days later, shouted with the same enthusiasm: “Crucify him! Crucify!”

Likewise, the team, at first accepts the Albatross with great joy, feeds him from his hand, plays with him. With the appearance of a bird, the ice moves apart and frees the way for the ship to the north. The opposition of the two sides of the world is also symbolic: the ship finds itself in ice captivity at the south pole, that is, below on the cartographic vertical, which symbolizes the bottom, the underworld of the spiritual world; Albatross, on the other hand, takes the ship to the north, that is, up (both on the map and in the spiritual dimension).

And then, unexpectedly for himself, the Sailor kills the bird-savior. The hero himself admits that he committed a "hellish thing" (hellish thing), he himself is horrified by what he has done. The reaction of the team to the killing of the bird reveals the pragmatic attitude of people towards the savior. At first, the sailors are indignant at what they have done, because a bird has been killed, which brought with it a breeze that brought the ship out of confinement in the ice. But as soon as the fog envelops the ship, the sailors dramatically change their attitude towards the murder: now the Albatross is a bird that brought the fog, in which not a single light is visible, which means that its murder was justified. The team is just as quickly changing its attitude towards the savior, as the Mariner did before them, and even earlier - the inhabitants of Jerusalem.

The image of a repentant thief is universal and is a symbol of any repentant sinner. And since there is no person who would live his life and not sin, the image of a repentant sinner can be applied to any person. The Old Mariner roams the world, telling the story of his crime to people. After the killing of the bird, a whole series of changes followed in nature and in the state of the ship. A bloody sun appeared in the sky, everything suddenly froze and stopped, as if life itself had stopped, as if the whole universe had died with the death of the Albatross.

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