The life and work of Bunin and A. Bunin's biography is short

He opened new horizons for the most discerning readers. He skillfully wrote captivating stories and stories. He had a subtle sense of literature and native language. Ivan Bunin is a writer thanks to whom people looked at love differently.

On October 10, 1870, the boy Vanya was born in Voronezh. He grew up and was brought up in the family of the landowner of the Oryol and Tula provinces, who became impoverished because of the love of cards. However, despite this fact, the writer did not just feel aristocratic, because his family roots lead us to the poetess A.P. Bunina and the father of V.A.Zhukovsky - A.I. Bunin. The Bunin family was a worthy representative of the noble families of Russia.

Three years later, the boy's family moved to an estate on the Butyrka farm in the Oryol province. Many childhood memories of Bunin are associated with this place, which we can see between the lines in his stories. For example, in "Antonov apples" he describes with love and trepidation the ancestral nests of relatives and friends.

Youth and education

In 1881, having successfully passed the exams, Bunin entered the Yeletsk gymnasium. The boy showed an interest in learning and was a very capable student, but this did not apply to natural and exact sciences. In his letter to his elder brother, he wrote that the exam in mathematics for him was "the most terrible." He did not graduate from high school, as he was expelled due to failure to appear from the holidays. He continued his studies with his brother Julius at the parental estate of Ozerki, with whom he became very close. Knowing about the child's preferences, the relatives focused on the humanities.

His first literary works belong to this period. At 15, the young writer creates the novel Hobby, but it is not published anywhere. The very first published poem was "Above the grave of S. Ya. Nadson" in the magazine "Rodina" (1887).

Creative way

Here begins the period of Ivan Bunin's wanderings. Beginning in 1889, he worked for 3 years in the magazine "Orlovsky Vestnik", which published his small literary works and articles. Later he moved to his brother in Kharkov, where he arranged for him in the provincial council as a librarian.

In 1894 he went to Moscow, where he met Leo Tolstoy. As mentioned earlier, the poet already then subtly feels the surrounding reality, therefore in the stories "Antonov apples", "New road" and "Epitaph" nostalgia for the outgoing era will be so sharply traced and dissatisfaction with the urban environment will be felt.

1891 - the year of the publication of the first collection of poems by Bunin, in which the reader first encounters the theme of the bitterness and sweetness of love, which permeate the works dedicated to unhappy love for Pashchenko.

In 1897 a second book appeared in St. Petersburg - "To the End of the World and Other Stories."

Ivan Bunin also proved himself as a translator of the works of Alkey, Saadi, Francesco Petrarch, Adam Mitskevich and George Byron.

The hard work of the writer gave its results. In Moscow in 1898 a collection of poetry "Under the open sky" appeared. In 1900, a collection of poems "Leaf Fall" was published. In 1903, Bunin was awarded the Pushkin Prize, which he received from the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences.

Every year the talented writer enriched literature more and more. 1915 is the year of his creative success. His most famous works were published: "The gentleman from San Francisco", "Light breath", "Chang's dreams" and "The grammar of love". The dramatic events in the country greatly inspired the master.

In his book of life, he began a new page after moving to Constantinople in the 1920s. Later he ends up in Paris as a political émigré. He did not accept the coup and condemned the new government with all his heart. The most significant novel created during the period of emigration is The Life of Arseniev. For him, the author received the Nobel Prize in 1933 (the first for a Russian writer). This is a great event in our history and a big step forward for Russian literature.

During the Second World War, the writer lived very poorly in the Janet villa. His work abroad does not find such a response as at home, and the author himself is sick from longing for his native land. Bunin's last literary work was published in 1952.

Personal life

1. The first was Varvara Pashchenko. This love story is not a happy one. At first, the parents of the young lady, who were categorically against the marriage of their daughter to a failed young man, who, moreover, was younger than her by a year, became an obstacle to their relationship. Then the writer himself was convinced of the dissimilarity of characters. As a result, Pashchenko married a wealthy landowner, with whom she had a close relationship secretly from Bunin. The author dedicated poetry to this gap.
2. In 1898 Ivan married the daughter of a revolutionary migrant A. N. Tsakni. It was she who became a "sunstroke" for the writer. However, the marriage did not last long, since the Greek woman did not feel the same strong attraction to her husband.
3. His third muse was his second wife, Vera Muromtseva. This woman became truly Ivan's guardian angel. Just as after the shipwreck during a storm, a calm lull follows, so Vera appeared at the moment Bunin needed most. They have been married for 46 years.
4. But everything was going smoothly only until the moment when Ivan Alekseevich brought his student, the aspiring writer Galina Kuznetsova, into the house. It was a fatal love - both were not free, both were separated by an age gap (she was 26, and he was 56). Galina left her husband for him, but Bunin was not ready to do the same with Vera. So the three of them lived for 10 years before the appearance of Marga. Bunin was in despair: another woman took his second wife away. This event was a big blow for him.

Death

In the last years of his life, Bunin is nostalgic for Russia and really wants to come back. But his plans never materialized. November 8, 1953 - the date of death of the great writer of the Silver Age, Ivan Bunin.

He made a huge contribution to the development of literary creativity in Russia, became a symbol of Russian émigré prose of the 20th century.

If you lacked something in this article, write in the comments - we will add.

Bunin Ivan Alekseevich (1870-1953) - Russian poet and writer, his work belongs to the Silver Age of Russian art, in 1933 he received the Nobel Prize in Literature.

Childhood

Ivan Alekseevich was born on October 23, 1870 in the city of Voronezh, where on the street of the Noble family rented an apartment in the Germanovsky estate. The Bunin family belonged to a noble landowner family, among their ancestors were the poets Vasily Zhukovsky and Anna Bunina. By the time Ivan was born, the family had become impoverished.

Father, Bunin Alexei Nikolaevich, in his youth served as an officer, then became a landowner, but in a short time squandered the estate. Mother, Bunina Lyudmila Alexandrovna, nee belonged to the Chubarov family. The family already had two older boys: Julius (13 years old) and Eugene (12 years old).

The Bunins moved to Voronezh three cities before Ivan's birth to educate their elder sons. Julius had an unusually amazing ability in languages ​​and mathematics, he studied very well. Eugene was not at all interested in study, due to his boyish age he liked to drive pigeons through the streets more, he left the gymnasium, but in the future he became a gifted artist.

But about the youngest Ivan, mother Lyudmila Aleksandrovna said that he was special, from the very birth he was different from the older children, “no one has such a soul as Vanechka”.

In 1874, the family moved from town to village. It was the Oryol province, and the estate was rented on the Butyrki farm in the Eletsky district of the Bunins. By this time, the eldest son Julius graduated from high school with a gold medal and in the fall was going to go to Moscow to enter the university at the Faculty of Mathematics.

According to the writer Ivan Alekseevich, all his childhood memories are peasant huts, their inhabitants and endless fields. His mother and servants often sang folk songs and told him stories. Vanya spent whole days from morning to evening with peasant children in the nearest villages, he was friends with many, grazed cattle with them, went at night. He liked to eat with them radish and black bread, lumpy rough cucumbers. As he later wrote in his work "The Life of Arseniev", "without realizing it, during such a meal the soul joined the earth."

Already at an early age, it became noticeable that Vanya perceives life and the world around him artistically. He loved to show people and animals with facial expressions and gestures, and also had a reputation in the village as a good storyteller. At the age of eight, Bunin wrote his first poem.

Studies

Until the age of 11, Vanya was brought up at home, and then he was sent to the Yelets gymnasium. Immediately, the boy began to study well, subjects were given to him easily, especially literature. If he liked a poem (even a very large one - a whole page), he could remember it from the first reading. He was very fond of books, as he himself said, “read whatever was horrible at that time” and continued to write poetry, imitating his favorite poets ─ Pushkin and Lermontov.

But then the training began to decline, and already in the third grade, the boy was left for the second year. As a result, he did not graduate from high school, after the winter holidays in 1886 he announced to his parents that he did not want to return to the school. Julius, at that time a candidate at Moscow University, took up further education for his brother. As before, Vanya's main hobby was literature, he re-read all domestic and foreign classics, even then it became clear that he would devote his future life to creativity.

First creative steps

At the age of seventeen, the poet's poems were no longer youthful, but serious, and Bunin made his debut in print.

In 1889 he moved to the city of Oryol, where he got a job at the local publication "Orlovsky Vestnik" to work as a proofreader. Ivan Alekseevich was in great need at that time, since literary works did not yet bring good earnings, but he had nowhere to wait for help. Father was completely ruined, sold the estate, lost his estate and moved to live with his own sister in Kamenka. Ivan Alekseevich's mother with his younger sister Masha went to visit relatives in Vasilievskoye.

In 1891, the first collection of poetry by Ivan Alekseevich, entitled Poems, was published.

In 1892, Bunin and his common-law wife Varvara Pashchenko moved to Poltava, where his elder brother Julius worked as a statistician in the provincial zemstvo council. He helped Ivan Alekseevich and his common-law wife get a job. In 1894, Bunin began publishing his works in the newspaper Poltava Provincial Gazette. And also the zemstvo ordered him essays on grain and grass crops, on the fight against insect pests.

Literary path

While in Poltava, the poet began to cooperate with the newspaper "Kievlyanin". In addition to poetry, Bunin began to write a lot of prose, which was increasingly published in fairly popular publications:

• "Russian wealth";
• "Bulletin of Europe";
• "Peace of God".

The luminaries of literary criticism drew attention to the work of the young poet and prose writer. One of them spoke very well about the story "Tanka" (at first it was called "Village Sketch") and said that "the author will turn out to be a great writer."

In 1893-1894, there was a period of Bunin's special love for Tolstoy, he traveled to the Sumy district, where he communicated with sectarians close to the Tolstoyans in their views, visited the colonies of Tolstoyans near Poltava, and even went to Moscow to meet with the writer himself, which Ivan Alekseevich is an indelible impression.

In the spring-summer period of 1894, Bunin took a long journey across Ukraine, he sailed on the "Chaika" steamer along the Dnieper. The poet was literally in love with the steppes and villages of Little Russia, longed for communication with the people, listened to their melodious songs. He visited the grave of the poet Taras Shevchenko, whose work he loved very much. Subsequently, Bunin did a lot of translations of Kobzar's works.

In 1895, after parting with Varvara Pashchenko, Bunin left Poltava for Moscow, then for St. Petersburg. There he soon entered the literary environment, where in the autumn the first public appearance of the writer took place in the hall of the Credit Society. At the literary evening, he read the story "To the End of the World" with great success.

In 1898, Bunin moved to Odessa, where he married Anna Tsakni. In the same year, his second collection of poetry "Under the open sky" was published.

In 1899, Ivan Alekseevich traveled to Yalta, where he met Chekhov and Gorky. Subsequently, Bunin visited Chekhov in Crimea several times, stayed for a long time and became for them “their own man”. Anton Pavlovich praised the works of Bunin and was able to discern in him the future great writer.

In Moscow, Bunin became a regular participant in literary circles, where he read his works.

In 1907, Ivan Alekseevich traveled to the eastern countries, visited Egypt, Syria, Palestine. Returning to Russia, he published a collection of short stories "The Shadow of a Bird", where he shared his impressions of a distant journey.

In 1909, Bunin received the second Pushkin Prize for his work and was elected to the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences in the category of fine literature.

Revolution and emigration

Bunin did not accept the revolution. When the Bolsheviks occupied Moscow, he left with his wife for Odessa and lived there for two years, until the red army came there too.

In early 1920, the couple emigrated on the ship "Sparta" from Odessa, first to Constantinople, and from there to France. The whole further life of the writer passed in this country, the Bunins settled in the south of France, not far from Nice.

Bunin passionately hated the Bolsheviks, all this was reflected in his diary entitled "Cursed Days", which he kept for many years. He called "Bolshevism the most base, despotic, evil and deceitful activity in the history of mankind."

He suffered a lot for Russia, he wanted to return to his homeland, he called his whole life in emigration existence at a junction.

In 1933, Ivan Alekseevich Bunin was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature. He spent 120 thousand francs of the monetary reward received on helping emigrants and writers.

During the Second World War, Bunin and his wife hid Jews in their rented villa, for which in 2015 the writer was posthumously nominated for the award and the title of Righteous Among the World.

Personal life

Ivan Alekseevich had his first love at a fairly early age. He was 19 years old when at work he met Varvara Pashchenko, an employee of the newspaper "Orlovsky Vestnik", where the poet himself worked at that time. Varvara Vladimirovna was more experienced and older than Bunin, from an intelligent family (she is the daughter of a famous Yelets doctor), she also worked as a proofreader, like Ivan.

Her parents were categorically against such a passion for their daughter, they did not want her to marry a beggar poet. Varvara was afraid to disobey them, so when Bunin invited her to marry, she refused to marry, but they began to live together in a civil marriage. Their relationship could be called "from one extreme to another" - either passionate love, or painful quarrels.

Later it turned out that Varvara was unfaithful to Ivan Alekseevich. Living with him, she secretly met with the rich landowner Bibikov Arseny, whom she later married. And this despite the fact that Varvara's father, in the end, gave his blessing for the marriage of his daughter with Bunin. The poet suffered and was disappointed, his youthful tragic love was later reflected in the novel The Life of Arseniev. But all the same, the relationship with Varvara Pashchenko remained pleasant memories in the poet's soul: "First love is great happiness, even if it is unrequited".

In 1896, Bunin met with Anna Tsakni. A stunningly beautiful, artistic and wealthy woman of Greek descent, men pampered her with their attention and admired her. Her father, a wealthy Odessa citizen, Nikolai Petrovich Tsakni, was a revolutionary populist.

In the fall of 1898, Bunin and Tsakni got married, a year later they had a son, but in 1905 the baby died. The couple lived together very little, in 1900 they parted, ceased to understand each other, views on life were different, alienation occurred. And again Bunin experienced this painfully, in a letter to his brother he said that he did not know if he could continue to live.

Calm came to the writer only in 1906 in the person of Vera Nikolaevna Muromtseva, whom he met in Moscow.

Her father was a member of the Moscow City Council, and her uncle chaired the First State Duma. Vera was of noble origin, grew up in an intelligent professorial family. At first glance, she seemed a little cold and always calm, but it was this woman who was able to become Bunin's patient and caring wife and be with him until the end of his days.

In 1953, in Paris, Ivan Alekseevich died in his sleep on the night of November 7-8, next to the body on the bed was Leo Tolstoy's novel "Sunday". Bunin was buried in the French cemetery of Sainte-Genevieve-des-Bois.

1. Childhood and adolescence. First publications.
2. Family life and creativity of Bunin.
3. The emigrant period. Nobel Prize.
4. The value of Bunin's work in literature.

How can we forget the Motherland?

Can a person forget his Motherland?

She is in the shower. I am a very Russian person.

This does not disappear over the years.
I. A. Bunin

I. A. Bunin was born in Voronezh on October 10, 1870. Bunin's father, Alexei Nikolaevich, a landowner of the Oryol and Tula provinces, a participant in the Crimean War, went bankrupt because of the love of cards. The impoverished noblemen Bunins had such ancestors in their family as the poetess A.P. Bunina and V.A.Zhukovsky's own father, A.I. Bunin. At the age of three, the boy was transported to the estate on the Butyrki farm in the Eletsky district of the Oryol province, the memories of his childhood are closely connected with him.

From 1881 to 1886, Bunin studied at the Yeletsk gymnasium, from where he was expelled for not showing up from vacation. He did not graduate from high school, having received home education under the guidance of his brother Julius. Already at the age of seven, he wrote poetry, imitating Pushkin and Lermontov. In 1887 his poem "Above the grave of Nadson" was first published in the newspaper "Rodina", and his critical articles began to be published. The elder brother Julius became his best friend, a mentor in his studies and life.

In 1889, Bunin moved to his brother in Kharkov, associated with the movement of the populists. Being carried away by this movement himself, Ivan soon left the Narodniks and returned to Oryol. He does not share Julia's radical views. Works in "Orlovsky Vestnik", lives in a civil marriage with V. V. Pashchenko. The first book of poems by Bunin appeared in 1891. These were poems saturated with passion for Pashchenko - Bunin was experiencing his unhappy love. At first, Barbara's father forbade them to marry, then Bunin had to learn a lot of disappointments in family life, to be convinced of the complete dissimilarity of their characters. Soon he settled in Poltava with Julia, in 1894 he parted ways with Pashchenko. The period of creative maturity of the writer begins. Bunin's stories are published in leading magazines. He corresponds with A. P. Chekhov, is fond of the moral and religious preaching of L. N. Tolstoy and even meets with the writer, trying to live by his advice.

In 1896, the translation of "Song of Hiawatha" by G. W. Longfellow was published, which was highly appreciated by his contemporaries (Bunin received the Pushkin Prize of the first degree for him). Especially for this work, he independently studied English.

In 1898, Bunin again married the Greek woman A. N. Tsakni, the daughter of an emigrant revolutionary. A year later, they divorced (his wife left Bunin, causing him suffering). Their only son died at the age of five from scarlet fever. His creative life is much richer than his family - Bunin translates Tennyson's poem Lady Godiva and Manfred Byron, Alfred de Musset and François Coppé. At the beginning of the 20th century, the most famous stories were published - "Antonov apples", "Pines", the prose poem "Village", the story "Sukhodol". Thanks to the story "Antonov apples" Bunin became widely known. It so happened that for the theme of the ruin of noble nests, close to Bunin, he was criticized by M. Gorky: "Antonov's apples smell good, but they do not smell democratic at all." Bunin was alien to his contemporaries, commoners, who perceived his story as a poeticization of serfdom. In fact, the writer poeticized his attitude to the passing past, to nature, to his native land.

In 1909, Bunin became an honorary member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. Much has also changed in his personal life - he met V.N. Muromtseva at the age of thirty-seven, finally creating a happy family. The Bunins travel to Syria, Egypt, Palestine, based on their travel impressions, Bunin writes the book "The Shadow of the Bird". Then - a trip to Europe, again to Egypt and to Ceylon. Bunin reflects on the teachings of the Buddha, which are close to him, but with many of the postulates of which he does not agree. The collections "Sukhodol: Stories and Stories 1911 - 1912", "John the Weyler: Stories and Poems 1912-1913", "The Lord from San Francisco: Works 1915-1916", a six-volume collected works were published.

The First World War was the beginning of the collapse of Russia for the writer. He expected a catastrophe from the victory of the Bolsheviks. He did not accept the October Revolution, all thoughts about the coup are reflected by the writer in his diary "Cursed Days" (he is suppressed by what is happening). Not thinking of their existence in Bolshevik Russia, the Bunins left Moscow for Odessa, and then emigrated to France - first to Paris, and then to Grasse. The uncommunicative Bunin had almost no contact with Russian emigrants, but this did not interfere with his creative inspiration - ten books of prose became the fruitful result of his work in emigration. They include: "The Rose of Jericho", "Sunstroke", "Mitya's Love" and other works. Like many books by emigrants, they were imbued with homesickness. In Bunin's books, there is nostalgia for pre-revolutionary Russia, a different world that is forever in the past. Bunin also headed the Union of Russian Writers and Journalists in Paris, led his own column in the newspaper Vozrozhdenie.

In emigration, Bunin was overtaken by an unexpected feeling - he met his last love, GN Kuznetsova. For many years she lived with the Bunins in Grasse, helping Ivan Alekseevich as a secretary. Vera Nikolaevna had to put up with this, she considered Kuznetsova something like an adopted daughter. Both women treasured Bunin and agreed to voluntarily live on such conditions. Also, a young writer LF Zurov lived with his family for about twenty years. Bunin had to support four.

In 1927, work began on the novel "The Life of Arseniev", Kuznetsova helped Ivan Alekseevich in rewriting. After living in Grasse for seven years, she left. The novel was completed in 1933. This is a fictional autobiography with many real and fictional characters. Memory, which goes the length of a hero's life, is the main theme of the novel. "Stream of Consciousness" is a feature of this novel that makes the author related to M. Zh. Proust.

In 1933, Bunin was awarded the Nobel Prize "for the strict skill with which he develops the traditions of Russian classical prose" and "for the true artistic talent with which he recreated a typical Russian character in fiction." This was the first prize for a Russian writer, especially an exiled writer. The emigration considered Bunin's success their own, the writer allocated 100 thousand francs in favor of Russian emigrant writers. But many were unhappy that they were given no more. Few thought that Bunin himself lived in unbearable conditions, and when they brought the telegram about the prize, he didn’t even have a tip for the postman, and the prize received was enough for only two years. At the request of his readers, Bunin published an eleven-volume collected works in 1934-1936.

In Bunin's prose, a special place was occupied by the theme of love - the unexpected element of "sunstroke" that cannot be endured. In 1943, a collection of stories about love "Dark Alleys" was published. This is the pinnacle of the writer's creativity.

The name of the writer Ivan Bunin is well known not only in Russia, but also far beyond its borders. Thanks to his own works, the first Russian laureate in the field of literature earned world fame during his lifetime! In order to better understand what this person was guided by when creating his unique masterpieces, one should study the biography of Ivan Bunin and his view of many things in life.

Brief biographies from early childhood

The future great writer was born in the distant 1870, on October 22. Voronezh became his homeland. The Bunin family was not rich: his father became an impoverished landowner, therefore, from early childhood, little Vanya experienced many material hardships.

The biography of Ivan Bunin is very unusual, and this was manifested already from the very early period of his life. Even as a child, he was very proud of the fact that he was born into a noble family. At the same time, Vanya tried not to focus on the material difficulties.

As the biography of Ivan Bunin testifies, in 1881 he entered the first grade. Ivan Alekseevich began his schooling at the Elets gymnasium. However, due to the difficult financial situation of his parents, he was forced to leave school in 1886 and continue to learn the basics of science at home. It is thanks to homeschooling that young Vanya gets acquainted with the work of such famous writers as A.V. Koltsov and I.S. Nikitin.

A number of the beginning of Bunin's career

Ivan Bunin began writing his very first poems at the age of 17. It was then that his creative debut took place, which turned out to be very successful. It is not for nothing that printed publications have published the works of the young author. But then their editors could hardly have guessed how stunning successes in the field of literature awaited Bunin in the future!

At the age of 19, Ivan Alekseevich moved to Oryol and got a job in a newspaper with the eloquent name "Orlovsky Vestnik".

In 1903 and 1909, Ivan Bunin, whose biography is presented to the attention of the reader in the article, was awarded the Pushkin Prize. And on November 1, 1909, he was elected an honorary academician to the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, which specialized in exquisite literature.

Important events from your personal life

The personal life of Ivan Bunin is replete with many interesting points that should be paid attention to. In the life of the great writers, there were 4 women for whom he had tender feelings. And each of them played a certain role in his fate! Let's pay attention to each of them:

1. Varvara Pashchenko - Ivan Alekseevich Bunin met her at the age of 19. This happened in the building of the editorial office of the newspaper "Orlovsky Vestnik". But with Varvara, who was one year older than him, Ivan Alekseevich lived in a civil marriage. Difficulties in their relationship began due to the fact that Bunin simply could not provide her with the material standard of living to which she aspired.As a result, Varvara Pashchenko cheated on him with a wealthy landowner.
2. Anna Tsakni in 1898 became the legal wife of a famous Russian writer. He met her in Odessa during his vacation and was simply struck by her natural beauty. However, family life quickly cracked due to the fact that Anna Tsakni always dreamed of returning to her hometown - Odessa. Therefore, the whole life of Moscow was a burden for her, and she accused her husband of indifference to her and callousness.
3. Vera Muromtseva is the beloved woman of Ivan Alekseevich Bunin, with whom he lived the longest - 46 years. They officially formalized the relationship only in 1922 - 16 years after they met. And Ivan Alekseevich met his future wife in 1906, during a literary evening. After the wedding, the writer and his wife moved to live in the southern part of France.
4. Galina Kuznetsova lived next to the wife of the writer - Vera Muromtseva - and was not at all embarrassed by this fact, however, like the wife of Ivan Alekseevich herself. In total, she lived for 10 years in a French villa.

Political views of the writer

The political views of many people have had a significant impact on public opinion. Therefore, certain newspaper publications devoted a lot of time to them.

Even despite the fact that to a greater extent Ivan Alekseevich had to engage in his own work outside of Russia, he always loved his homeland and understood the meaning of the word "patriot". However, Bunin was alien to belonging to any particular party. But in one of his interviews, the writer somehow mentioned that the idea of ​​a social democratic system is closer to him in spirit.

Personal life tragedy

In 1905, Ivan Alekseevich Bunin suffered a grave grief: his son Nikolai died, whom Anna Tsakni gave birth to. This fact can be unambiguously attributed to the writer's personal life tragedy. However, as follows from his biography, Ivan Bunin stood firm, was able to endure the pain of loss and give, in spite of such a sad event, a lot of literary "pearls" to the whole world! What else is known about the life of the Russian classic?

Ivan Bunin: interesting facts from life

Bunin very much regretted that he had finished only 4 classes of the gymnasium and could not receive a systematic education. But this fact did not at all prevent him from leaving a considerable mark in the literary world of creativity.

For a long period of time, Ivan Alekseevich had to stay in exile. And all this time he dreamed of returning to his homeland. Bunin cherished this dream virtually until his death, but it remained unrealizable.

At the age of 17, when he wrote his first poem, Ivan Bunin tried to imitate his great predecessors - Pushkin and Lermontov. Perhaps their work had a great influence on the young writer and became an incentive to create their own works.

Now, few people know that in early childhood the writer Ivan Bunin was poisoned with bleached. Then his nanny saved him from certain death, who gave little Vanya a drink on time with milk.

The writer tried to determine the appearance of a person by the limbs, as well as the back of the head.

Bunin Ivan Alekseevich was passionate about collecting various boxes, as well as bottles. At the same time, he fiercely guarded all his "exhibits" for many years!

These and other interesting facts characterize Bunin as an extraordinary personality, capable not only of realizing his talent in the field of literature, but also of taking an active part in many areas of activity.

Famous collections and works of Ivan Alekseevich Bunin

The largest works that Ivan Bunin managed to write in his life are the stories “Mitina Love”, “The Village”, “Sukhodol”, as well as the novel “The Life of Arseniev”. It was for the novel that Ivan Alekseevich was awarded the Nobel Prize.

The collection of Ivan Alekseevich Bunin "Dark Alleys" is very interesting for the reader. It contains stories that touch on the theme of love. The writer worked on them in the period from 1937 to 1945, that is, exactly when he was in exile.

Also highly appreciated samples of creativity Ivan Bunin, which were included in the collection "Cursed Days". It describes the revolutionary events of 1917 and all the historical aspect that they carried in themselves.

Popular poems by Ivan Alekseevich Bunin

In each of his poems, Bunin clearly expressed certain thoughts. For example, in the well-known work "Childhood" the reader gets acquainted with the thoughts of a child with regard to the world around him. A ten-year-old boy reflects on how majestic nature is around and how small and insignificant he is in this universe.

In the verse "Night and Day", the poet masterfully describes different times of the day and emphasizes that everything gradually changes in human life, and only God remains eternal.

The nature in the work "Rafts" is interestingly described, as well as the hard work of those who every day ferry people to the opposite bank of the river.

Nobel Prize

The Nobel Prize to Ivan Bunin was awarded for the novel The Life of Arseniev, written by him, which actually told about the life of the writer himself. Despite the fact that this book was published in 1930, in it Ivan Alekseevich tried to "pour out his soul" and his feelings about certain life situations.

Officially, the Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to Bunin on December 10, 1933 - that is, 3 years after the release of his famous novel. He received this honorary award from the hands of the Swedish king Gustav V.

It is noteworthy that for the first time in history, the Nobel Prize was submitted to a person who was officially in exile. Until this moment, not a single genius who became its owner has ever been in exile. Ivan Alekseevich Bunin became this "pioneer" who was noted by the world literary community with such a valuable encouragement.

Altogether, the Nobel Prize winners were entitled to 715,000 francs in cash. It would seem a very impressive amount. But it was quickly squandered by the writer Ivan Alekseevich Bunin, as he provided financial assistance to Russian emigrants, who peppered him with many different letters.

Death of a writer

Death to Ivan Bunin came quite unexpectedly. His heart stopped while sleeping, and this sad event happened on November 8, 1953. It was on this day that Ivan Alekseevich was in Paris and could not even imagine his imminent death.

Surely Bunin dreamed of living for a long time and one day dying in his native land, among his relatives and a large number of friends. But fate decreed a little differently, as a result of which the writer spent most of his life in exile. However, thanks to his unsurpassed creativity, he actually ensured immortality to his name. Many generations of people will remember the literary masterpieces written by Bunin. A creative person like him gains world fame and becomes a historical reflection of the era in which she worked!

They buried Ivan Bunin in one of the cemeteries in France (Sainte-Genevieve-des-Bois). Here is such a rich and interesting biography of Ivan Bunin. What is his role in world literature?

The role of Bunin in world literature

We can safely say that Ivan Bunin (1870-1953) left a noticeable mark on world literature. Thanks to such merits as ingenuity and verbal sensitivity, which the poet possessed, he was excellent at creating the most suitable literary images in his works.

By his nature, Ivan Alekseevich Bunin was a realist, but, despite this, he skillfully supplemented his stories with something fascinating and unusual. The uniqueness of Ivan Alekseevich lay in the fact that he did not consider himself to be a member of any well-known literary group and a principled "trend" in his view.

All the best stories of Bunin were dedicated to Russia and told about everything that connected the writer with it. Perhaps it was thanks to these facts that Ivan Alekseevich's stories were very popular among Russian readers.

Unfortunately, Bunin's work has not been fully investigated by our contemporaries. Scientific research on the language and style of the writer is yet to come. His influence on Russian literature of the 20th century has not yet been revealed, perhaps because, like Pushkin, Ivan Alekseevich is unique. There is a way out of this situation: turning again and again to the texts of Bunin, to documents, archives, memories of his contemporaries.

Beginning in 1910, the center of Bunin's creativity was "the soul of a Russian person in a deep sense, an image of the traits of the psyche of the Slavs." Trying to guess the future of Russia after the revolutionary upheavals of 1905-1907. Bunin did not share the hopes of M. Gorky and other representatives of proletarian literature.

I.A. Bunin experienced many historical events (three Russian revolutions, wars, emigration), which influenced his personal life and work. In his assessment of these events, Bunin was sometimes contradictory. During the revolution of 1905-1907, the writer, on the one hand, paid tribute to the motives of the protest, continued to cooperate with the "Znanievites" who represented democratic forces, on the other hand, Bunin left to travel at a turning point in history and admitted that he was happy because he was "3000 versts from the homeland." In Bunin's work of wartime, the feeling of the catastrophic nature of human life, the vanity of the search for "eternal" happiness, intensifies. The contradictions of social life are reflected in the sharp contrast of characters, heightened oppositions of the "basic" principles of being - life.

In 1907 - 1911 I.A. Bunin wrote a series of works "The Shadow of the Bird", in which diary entries, impressions of cities, architectural monuments, paintings are intertwined with the legends of ancient peoples. In this cycle, Bunin for the first time looked at various events from the point of view of a "citizen of the world", noting that he decided during his travels to "learn the longing of all times."

Since the mid-1910s I.A. Bunin moved away from the Russian theme and the depiction of the Russian character, man in general became his hero (the influence of Buddhist philosophy, with which he met in India and Ceylon), and the main theme - the suffering that arises at any contact with life, the irrepressibility of human desires. These are the stories "Brothers", "Dreams of Chang", partly these ideas sound in the stories "The Lord from San Francisco", "The Cup of Time".

The expression of unfulfilled hopes, the general tragedy of life, becomes for Bunin the feeling of love, in which he sees, however, the only justification for being. The idea of ​​love as the highest value in life will become the main pathos of the works of Bunin and the emigre period. Love for Bunin's heroes is “the last, all-embracing, it is the thirst to contain the entire visible and invisible world in your heart and give it back to someone” (“Brothers”). Happiness eternal, "maximum" can not be, for Bunin it is always associated with the feeling of catastrophe, death ("The Grammar of Love", "Dreams of Chang", "Brothers", stories from the 30s and 40s). In the love of the Bunin heroes? there is something incomprehensible, fatal and unrealizable, as unrealizable the very happiness of life ("Autumn", etc.).

A trip to Europe and the East, acquaintance with colonial countries, the outbreak of the First World War exacerbated the writer's rejection of the inhumanity of the bourgeois world and the feeling of a general catastrophic reality. This attitude appeared in the story "The gentleman from San Francisco" (1915).

The story "Mister from San Francisco" was born in the creative mind of the writer when he read the news of the death of a millionaire who came to Capri and stayed in one of the hotels. The original title of the work was Death on Capri. Changing the name, I.A. Bunin stressed that the focus is on the figure of a nameless fifty-eight-year-old millionaire who went from San Francisco to Italy on vacation. Having become "decrepit", "dry", unhealthy, he decided to spend time among his own kind. The American city of San Francisco was named after the Christian Saint Francis of Assisi, who preached extreme poverty, asceticism, and the rejection of any property. The writer skillfully selects details (the episode with the cufflink) and uses the technique of contrast to oppose the external respectability of the gentleman from San Francisco to his internal emptiness and squalor. With the death of the millionaire, a new point of reference for time and events emerges. Death, as it were, cuts the narrative into two parts. This determines the originality of the composition.

Bunin's story evokes feelings of hopelessness. The writer emphasizes: "We must live today, not postponing happiness until tomorrow."