Distance learning in elementary school by law. Full-time part-time education at school under the new law on education
This is in theory. And in practice, not all schools are ready to organize part-time or part-time forms of education. Why? Because the constituent documents (charter, regulations and other local acts) of most educational organizations are not brought in line with the new law and the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard. Why is the leadership of most schools in no rush to make changes? Because so far in these schools there are no people willing to transfer children to correspondence or part-time forms. No statements - there will be no changes. The market principle operates in education: demand creates supply. Why there are no volunteers is also understandable. The overwhelming majority of parents do not know about new forms of education, do not even know about them. In the minds of the majority of Russians, the concept of “correspondence” is associated only with obtaining a higher education. Secondary educational institutions do not advertise new forms, much less advertise them at parents' meetings. It's also clear why. If at least one statement appears, it will be necessary to change the familiar, established system for years. No one needs an extra headache - the director and his deputies already have a lot of trouble.
Previously, children who did not want or for some reason could not study full-time were simply sent to an evening (shift) school. The evening schools had a special license - permission to study in correspondence form. Now, in the appendix to the license, only the level of education is indicated and there is not a word about the form of obtaining it. In most regions, evening (shift) schools became part of secondary general education organizations and became their structural subdivisions. It was these united schools (now called "centers of education") that were forced to be the first to amend the constituent documents and start working in all three forms.
Has the change in the status of evening (shift) schools led to positive changes? Not everywhere.
It is known that the curricula of evening schools have always been shortened, especially in the correspondence course (almost all schools in the FSIN system work on it), while the coefficient for funding was 0.65 of the standard for day schools. When, in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard, the curricula included subjects that had not been taught before: physical education, music, art, life safety, schools had to hire new specialists or increase the workload of the existing ones, but the funding standard remained the same.
It is logical to assume that if a shift school is part of a general education school, then its funding increases. But that's in theory. In practice, funding is organized differently depending on the budget of a particular region.
In addition to educational centers, intra-school documents have brought some rural schools in line with the new law and the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard. Apparently, they were also pushed to this by vital necessity. It is no secret that the transportation of children from remote settlements is often fraught with difficulties of a purely technical nature: from time to time, schools are faced with a shortage of fuel, a driver's illness or a technical malfunction of the bus. And not only like that. I know of many cases when a school bus with an accompanying teacher rolls at 6-30 in the morning after a single student to a village located 25-28 kilometers from the school. The driver is not allowed to take one student unaccompanied. So the teachers have to get up in line a little light, not get enough sleep, give up their morning household chores for the sake of a ride to one student. Moreover, this obligation, distributed among the members of the pedagogical team of a rural school, is most often not paid. The director simply says: “What to do, colleagues? If we do not carry, we will lose one soul and - accordingly - funding. The number will fall. " Since almost all rural schools face the threat of closure, and teachers face the prospect of losing their jobs, no one objects. Without much joy, educators submit to necessity. For such cases, part-time education is a salvation. A child living far away can not be brought up every day, but for example, once a week - for consultations and testing works and for school-wide events.
In addition, there are children who do not tolerate the road well, especially if it is uneven, with bumps and holes (this is, alas, not uncommon in the provinces). They will bring the child to school, half-dead, unable to study, by the third lesson he will gradually come to his senses, and after the fourth he will endure the same road torment again. Parents do not have a heart of stone, they leave the child at home under any pretext. For families faced with such a problem, the correspondence form is the most acceptable way out. Distance education would also be a way out, but the speed of the Internet in Russian villages, even large ones, does not allow using Skype not only for ordinary residents, but even for school administrators. Undoubtedly, distance education is the future, but for most rural schools it will not come soon.
But back to the stated topic. In contrast to the "family members", about whom we, "part-time students" and "part-time students" are full-fledged students of the school with all the ensuing consequences. The school is responsible for their academic performance, development, provides all the necessary consultations, provides educational material, conducts diagnostics, etc. Each correspondence student has a curator and teachers assigned to him. Both for "full-time students" and for "correspondence students"there is a state educational standard,training for “correspondence students”, as well as for full-time students, is financed by the founder. The only difference is that educational Xia in part-time and part-time forms master a general educational program according to an individual plan.Organization of training in part-time and part-time formsalso has its own characteristics, although she tooregulated by the curriculum, class schedule, educational programs and work programs teachers.
Here are several points of the regulation on the organization of training in full-time and part-time form:
" Ostudents, mastering educational programs in person - correspondenceor correspondenceform, can be transferred to full-time education at the request of the parents ( slegal representatives). Together with the application, documents confirming the development of educational programs are submitted. MDocuments may be submitted for the period preceding training in the form of family education in educational institutions of foreign countries. In the absence of documents development level general education programs are carried out schoolcommission on the basis of an administrative document, which determines the procedure, list of items, terms and forms of passing diagnostic certification.
When accepting an application for enrollment or transfer of students to correspondence or aboutpart-time education, an educational institution is obliged to familiarize the parents (legal representatives) of students with the procedure for conducting certification (intermediate and state (final)) andeducational programs of academic subjects.
To master educational programs, teaching hours are distributed during school days, taking into account the needs and capabilities of the student on the basis of the curriculum. Examinations and tests are carried out at the expense of the allotted hours of the curriculum. The number of tests is determined by the teacher in agreement with the administration of the educational institution. The forms of the tests are determined by the teacher. The schedule of classes, tests and tests is approved by the order of the head of the educational institution.
The school opens classes (groups) with at least 9 people. When less than 9 students are enrolled in a class (group), the development of general education programs is carried out according to an individual plan, the number of teaching hours per week is set at the rate of 1 academic hour for each student. NSIf there are 16 or more people in a group, 72 study hours are additionally allocated for individual consultations. The total number of training hours is evenly distributed for intermediate certification, practical, laboratory, and consulting sessions.
When organizing the educational process during the entire academic year, the specified teaching hours are evenly distributed over 2-3 school days a week, taking into account the current SanPiN.
The school is independent in choosing the student assessment system, the order and frequency of intermediate attestations of students. The quality of mastering the programs of basic general education, submitted for independent study by students, is checked using various types of control. The forms and terms of assessing the student's knowledge are determined by the participants in the educational process and are recorded in the student's curriculum.
GState (final) certification of students in subjects studied in part-time and part-time forms is carried out in accordance with the Regulations on the state (final) certification of graduates of educational institutions of the Russian Federation.
Participants in the educational process righte toOto correct the forms of organization of training of the student and choose the most convenient for the successful mastering of the educational program by the student (distance, group, individual).
A student who is educated in full-time and part-time can receive additional educational services at school (including on a contractual basis) outside the main educational program, taking into account the interests and individual characteristics of the student. The order of mastering programs of additional education and extracurricular employment is reflected in the individual plan of the student. "
On paper, everything looks very blissful. Everything "at the request of the parents", "taking into account the opinion of the child", in accordance with the law and the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard ... Beautiful - no words ... But who pays for the "banquet"? Founder. This means that the order to transfer or enroll a child on a part-time or part-time form must be agreed with the founder. It is good if the application is written by the parents before the start of the school year, but if they decide to transfer the child in the middle of the quarter, after the budget of the educational institution has been approved? Where will the funding for the extra hours come from? Most likely, money will be squeezed out of the school's budget from the wages fund. Is it profitable for schools? No, most schools are not profitable. Much more profitable than "correspondence students" are "family members", for whom the school is not responsible, according to the law, it is obliged to organize only his certification - intermediate and final. Agree that these are completely different costs.
There is an opinion!
Svetlana Viktorovna Savitskaya, Director of Lyceum No. 40, Petrozavodsk:
In our institution for the last 10 years, children have been trained, whose parents transferred them to the family form of education, and now to correspondence. But these were always special, isolated cases.
I think that this practice will expand, and parents will more boldly begin to choose correspondence forms of education for their children. The most frequent arguments against correspondence education and family education - the lack of opportunities for the child's socialization, the scarcity of his communications with peers - seem to me untenable. Are parents who are ready to take full responsibility for the education of their children on themselves, will not be able to provide their child with adequate communication with other children? Today there are plenty of opportunities for this. But the fact that the school "does not keep up" with the modern development of society and technology, does not always really build the educational process, taking into account the individual characteristics of EACH child, for me there is no doubt. But this is exactly what every parent expects from us. We will answer the request - the children will come to study at school, we will not answer - the parents will look for alternative options for teaching their children.
Photo by Vera Kostrova
No matter how much the new law on education was criticized, it gave children and parents fantastic opportunities in the choice of forms of education. Now you can skip the lessons of teachers you don't like, or just unloved subjects. Further, a link to my interview with the portal of the TV channel "MIR-24"
http://mir24.tv/news/lifestyle/11125114
And actually, the text.
Svetlana Domracheva, an adherent of family education, the author of the non-profit project Alternative Education in Moscow, told the Mir 24 correspondent how to competently build relationships with the school and enjoy all the advantages of the new law.
Now you can choose absolutely any convenient form of education for your child and I am very surprised that parents know so little about this and so hesitantly use their opportunities! - this is how our conversation began with Svetlana, who chose education outside of school for her daughter. For the fourth year now, they have come there only to pass the certification.
- What opportunities, not noticed by the broad masses, did the law on education give us?
The Federal Law on Education, which came into force in September last year, prescribes full-time, part-time and distance learning. This means that any child has the right to choose the subjects that he wants to attend at school. And study the rest at home. This does not require any arguments, no medical or other certificates, a statement from the parents with the wording “I ask to transfer my child to the part-time form of education” is enough.
Previously, it was very difficult to get permission from the school not to attend certain lessons, they immediately put an ultimatum: either you go to everything, or you go to family education, that is, you study completely outside of school. Although some succeeded in partial attendance, because the law provided the opportunity to study according to individual curricula, in accordance with personal characteristics and pace, before, it is another matter that the school administration rarely agreed with such a right of students.
Now there is such a practice that children who go in for sports refuse to attend physical education, and children who go in for a music or art school - respectively, from attending drawing and music in a general education school. But you can also refuse to attend any other lessons. Of course, in reality there are laws, but there is law enforcement practice. There are more and more students in the capital who, by the decision of their parents, attend school only partially, since these forms have been actively used here since September last year and it has become much easier to achieve this. In other cities of Russia, there are still very few such families.
In the old law, only two forms of out-of-school education were spelled out: external studies and family education. Now the external study has remained only as a form of certification, and schools are trying to dissuade parents from family education by all means. Including, providing them with a wide range of forms and methods of training.
- How easy is it for schools to adopt alternative forms of teaching children?
So far, this choice of parents is not socially approved, although by law this decision is by no means left to the discretion of the school. Any school, if a parent writes a statement that he asks to transfer his child to family, part-time or part-time education, is obliged to provide him with this opportunity. It is mandatory in the charter of a public school. In practice, however, schools react negatively at first. Most often, parents who first turned to the school administration with such a request are told: we do not have such a form.
In this case, how can we achieve mutual understanding with the school, or at least the observance of our rights?
After being turned down, don't give up. First of all, you need to demand from the school administration a written refusal to accept your application. After that, in 99% of cases, the school backs down. Of course, they won't give you a written refusal, but they will say: well, we'll make an exception for you, you will be the first with us.
However, there are times when the school still continues to resist. For example, he does not agree to either accept the application or refuse you in writing. In this case, you must contact the district Department of Education. Usually a phone call is sufficient. In any Department of Education there is a separate person who takes care of those children who are taught in alternative ways. Usually, it is enough to convey to him the information that a particular school refuses to accept the parent's application for this issue to be resolved in your favor.
- And in practice, this does not translate into persecution of such children?
There are also adequate people in schools, and there are more of them than is commonly thought. A lot of information about "alternatives" flows to me, but I have never come across cases when the issue could not be resolved through negotiations. I am not aware of any cases when children were deliberately harmed. And how can this be done if the child does not go to school, and communicates with the teacher only in the presence of the parents?
And if this is a part-time form, then you give up one or two subjects and the child no longer interacts with these specific teachers. He meets with them only at the certification, at which the parent has the right to be present.
In addition, if a teacher is in principle capable of persecuting a child, is it worth trusting the child at all? What can he teach? Then, all the more, one should not leave, but flee from such a teacher.
- How is certification going?
This is at the discretion of the parents. If you are guided by the law, that is, intermediate attestations, and there are final ones. That is, de jure, only GIA and USE are required. But de facto, our parents and their children still prefer to pass attestations annually or once every six months in those subjects that the child does not attend. Firstly, to be sure that he is successfully mastering the program, and secondly, in order to have on hand documents confirming this.
Is there a danger that children will not pass the certification not because they do not know the subject, but for subjective reasons, because of the principled position of the teacher?
They will not be able to stumble upon a completely inadequate assessment, after all, there is a curriculum. It is another matter that the authors of tests and examinations for elementary school experience such aberrations of thinking that an objective assessment, in principle, is not possible. Especially in this sense, I "love" the tests of the Moscow Center for the Quality of Education (MCCE). In the final reading work for the third grade, for example, the children were given a text stating that the stylus is a reed stick. Then came the question: "What is a stylus?" The daughter answered "Wand" - and so, this answer is incorrect. The next question was: What were the stylos made of? Her answer: "From the reed" was already judged to be correct. I still think what is this cane, if not a stick? I do not lose hope to personally get acquainted with the authors of these tests, they have such blunders at every step - maybe I finally find out what a stylus is.
There were also cases when children were asked questions that were, shall we say, redundant. For example, when a daughter and her girlfriends were taking physical education in the second grade, the teacher asked them who founded the Olympic Games. Indeed, the information that it was Pierre de Coubertin was contained in a physical education textbook. But tell me, which of the second-graders who study full-time will be able to answer such a question? They have no idea that such a textbook exists at all! I had to be present at all tests and attestations, where I had doubts about the objectivity of teachers. Then the child grew older and he himself decided that he no longer needed moral support in the person of his mother.
- Who decides how to pass the certification?
There are no forms for passing midterm assessments provided by law, and the school administration usually decides by agreement with the parents. There are children who are lost when it is necessary to take the exam orally, it is better for them to offer tests. There are those who, on the contrary, do not like tests. Parents can insist on some form. There are, of course, objects, the forms of delivery of which are enshrined in tradition. For example, the Russian language, in which dictation, control cheating or presentation is usually written. Mathematics also requires test work, problem solving and examples. And the rest of the items are at the discretion of the parents. It is better to record in writing, right in the application, that you would like to hand over such and such an object in such and such a form. As well as the desired deadlines for its delivery. If there are no ready-made tests in the subject, the school is obliged to develop them. This is possible if the child is studying in absentia. For example, in some subjects it was convenient for us to just come to class for all the compulsory tests and write them together with all the children.
- And what about the family form of education? Why don't schools like her?
Those parents, whose children were in family education before the new law, in the last academic year, for the most part, chose part-time and part-time forms, since schools are much more loyal to them. So, for example, specifically for the family form, the MCCO tests were developed, with many questions that have nothing to do with the state program. Moreover, their delivery was calculated for several hours, which generally contradicted the norms of SanPin.
The point, as always, is about financing. The family form of education assumes that the parents of such children receive a small monthly monetary compensation, as in the registration of a family kindergarten. This was very convenient, because it allowed parents, for example, to unite and hire a teacher or several subject teachers for five or six children who taught their children all the same lessons, but on the territory chosen by the parents, in a form convenient for the children and in a suitable way for them. time.
Now, if you declare that you have come to the family form of education, the school administration will make every effort to persuade you to choose any other form. In order not to have problems with the Department of Education, where they are sure that schools that have many children in SB do not know how to work with parents. After all, a parent will not take a child out of a good school. And in the case of part-time and part-time education, the money for the education of such a child goes to school, and not to the family. And many parents do this in order to create comfortable conditions for their child for certification.
Thus, the family form of education is gradually being squeezed out as economically disadvantageous for the state and schools. There are not many parents left in the capital who could not be squeezed out of the family form of education, but even they have not received any compensation after the adoption of the new law on education. ...
The fact is that in November last year, the Decree of the Government of Moscow No. 827-PP of September 25, 2007 "On the organization of the activities of state educational institutions of the city of Moscow implementing general education programs in various forms of education", which regulated the payment procedure, was canceled. It was canceled quite logically, since a new payment procedure was needed, taking into account the new law on education. And a new decree on this had to be adopted. But in Moscow it has not yet been adopted, that is, there is no payment mechanism provided for by the current laws, both federal and regional.
The suspension of payments to "family members", however, is not based on the law, the Minister of Education Dmitry Livanov spoke about this not so long ago. Sooner or later, but the government of the capital will have to attend to this issue, since the payment of compensation to parents in family education in Moscow is established by the law of Art. 6 clause 3.1 of the Law of the city of Moscow dated 20.06.2001 No. 25 (as amended on 04.07.2012). So, it is necessary either to abolish this law, or to develop, finally, a payment scheme.
With the refusal from one or all of the subjects, it is more or less clear, but how in practice can you refuse to attend the first, or, say, the last lessons?
This is also possible. Many kids who are serious about sports have morning workouts. And others are engaged at this time with a tutor on Skype. Parents are not obliged to make excuses and reason somehow their decision. They just have to write on the application that their child will study according to the individual curriculum. This is also possible with full-time education.
There are teachers who are very loyal to this form. But even if the school tries to refuse you, you simply insist on your right under the law. There is a lot of talk now about how important it is to give children the opportunity to go through the program in accordance with their own pace. There are children who master, say, mathematics faster than classmates, and it is more expedient for them to devote the free hours to humanitarian subjects, which are given to them, for example, more difficult.
The individual plan allows the child to selectively go to separate lessons in order to test his knowledge or complete a topic that he did not fully understand during independent study. And he may not go to other lessons, making sure that he knows everything. The right to individual curricula was spelled out in the old law on education, but this form was very little used and very few people knew about it at all. And now it has begun to be used much more widely in connection with the new law. In any case, now there are more opportunities to learn with benefit and interest, and this makes me happy.
Tatiana Rubleva
Almost none of the parents know that the Law "On Education in the Russian Federation" adopted three years ago provides not only full-time, but also part-time, as well as part-time and part-time secondary education. In this case, the right to choose belongs to the parents of the student, taking into account his wishes, and the school administration has no right to refuse this.
Almost none of the parents know that the Law "On Education in the Russian Federation" adopted three years ago provides not only full-time, but also part-time, as well as part-time and part-time secondary education. At the same time, the right to choose belongs to the parents of the student, taking into account his wishes, and the school administration has no right to refuse this.
However, in reality, not all educational organizations are ready to implement both forms of education. The reason lies in the constituent documents, which in most schools do not yet comply with the new law and the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard.
Why is this process moving so slowly? Everything is very simple: in view of the lack of applications from those wishing to choose part-time or part-time education, since most parents do not have information about such an opportunity. In addition, the correspondence form of education in the minds of Russians, as a rule, is associated with universities, and not with schools. Schools are also in no hurry to announce such rights to avoid unnecessary headaches.
Previously, students who did not want or could not study full-time were sent to evening schools that had licenses for part-time education. However, now the appendix to the license indicates only the level of education, and not its form. Basically, evening, or shift, schools today have become part (structural unit) of secondary general education organizations, becoming centers of education, which were the first to amend their constituent documents and began to offer training in three forms.
But such a change in the status of evening schools did not lead to success everywhere. Especially when you take into account the reduction in curricula and funding by a factor of 0.65 from the norm for day schools.
In addition to educational centers, the intra-school documentation was changed, in accordance with the new legislation and the Federal State Educational Standard, and in some schools in rural areas, where extramural education is more important, since children often have to be transported over long distances, which takes a lot of time and exhausts students.
For full-time and part-time forms, a group must be opened in a school if at least nine people are recruited. If there are 16 people in a group, then 72 hours are allocated for them for individual consultations, which include laboratory and practical exercises, as well as intermediate certification. When organizing the learning process for the entire academic year, the hours are distributed evenly - 2-3 school days weekly, in accordance with the current SanPiN.
The whole process of organizing part-time and part-time education is approved by order of the head of the educational institution on the basis of the curriculum and taking into account the abilities and needs of students applying for a similar form of education.
The final state certification takes place, like all graduates of educational institutions of the Russian Federation, on the basis of the current Regulation on it. But the forms of organization of training (distance, group or individual) may vary depending on the mutual consent of the participants in the educational process.
In general, the school management does not seek to offer the mentioned forms of education, with the exception of isolated cases, since an attempt to implement the correspondence form on a mass scale can lead to serious difficulties in the education system.
Photo taken from http://lh4.googleusercontent.com.
Not all schools can offer a student all of them at once, it depends on the permits received and the number of students in the educational institution.
Full-time education
This is a familiar form of schooling, recommended for all students. Most schoolchildren use it. It is based on every day attending lessons, doing homework, writing test papers, and the teacher's direct control over the progress of each student. With this format of training, the student spends a significant amount of time at school, and his success directly depends not only on himself, but also on the work of the teacher.
Evening form of study
In this case, all the characteristic features of daytime education are also legitimate for the evening: it also consists of direct communication between the student and the teacher, only it takes place in the evening. Usually, in the evening, either already adult students who once had to leave school, but want to complete secondary education, study, or they switch several classes from daytime to when there are too many children at school, so there are not enough classrooms for everyone.
Externship
This is a rather unusual form of education; it is not allowed in all schools. For such training, a student does not have to come to school every day, classes are organized for him once every few weeks or every week at a certain time, where the teacher goes through new topics with such students, works out the most difficult questions. It is especially convenient to study for those children who are actively involved in sports sections or choreographic circles, often leave for competitions, or for those children who want to devote maximum time to certain subjects, preparing for exams and not wasting time on everyday trips to school. They can study in a regular or enhanced program, completing several classes in one year.
Home schooling
This form of education can be prescribed by a doctor if the child is ill with a serious illness, or by a parent if he wants to teach the child on his own at home. The school has no right to prohibit this form of education or not provide a place for such a child. Then the student does not need to attend classes during the year, he can come to school only at the end of the academic semester to pass the necessary tests or exams to confirm the level of knowledge and transfer to the next. However, if such a child needs advice or assistance from teachers, it should be provided to him. Family education is becoming more and more popular among some parents who believe that schooling kills creativity in their children, teaches them to obey the system, and breaks the child's psyche. However, teaching their children for 11 years on their own is quite problematic, usually such families use the help of educational sites, the services of tutors or invite school teachers to their homes.