Articles

1) Put in a / an or the where necessary

1. I wrote to her but ... letter never arrived.

2. Britain is ... island.

3. What is ... name of this village?

5. Montreal is ... large city in ... Canada.

6. What is ... largest city in ... Canada?

7. "What time is it?" "I don" t know. I haven "t got ... watch."

8. When I went to ... Rome, I stayed with ... Italian friend of mine.

9. You look very tired. You need ... holiday.

10. Don "t sit on ... floor. It" s very dirty.

11. "Let" s go to ... restaurant this evening. "" That "s ... good idea. Which restaurant shall we go?"

12. Can you turn on ... radio, please? I want to listen to some ... music.

13. Tom is in ... bathroom. He "s having ... bath.

14. This is ... nice room, but I don "t like ... color of ... carpet.

15. We live in ... old house near ... station. It "s ... two miles from ... center.

2) Put a / an or the where necessary:

1. I turned off light, opened door and went out.

2. Excuse me, can I ask question, please?

3. Alan is best player in our football team.

4. How far is from here to airport?

5. Enjoy your holiday and don "t forget to send me postcard!

6. Have you got ticket for tomorrow concert night?

7. What is the name of director of film we saw last night?

8. Yesterday I bought jacket and shirt. Jacket was cheap but shirt was expensive.

9. Peter and Mary have two children, boy and girl. Boy is seven years old and girl is three.

1. Rome is________________ of Italy.

2. When we were in London, we stayed at ___________.

3. Can you ride ___________?

4. What "s that man doing on _________ of that house? Is he repairing something?

5. We went to the theater last night but _________ wasn "t very good.

6. Do you think English is _________________ for people to learn?

7. "Would you like ________?" "No, thanks. I don" t smoke ".

8. "Where is jack?" "He" s in ________. He "s cooking something."

9. Excuse me, what time is___________ to London?

10. It "s ______________ today. Let" s go out.

Answers:

1. I wrote to her but the letter never arrived.

2. Britain is an island.

3. What is the name of this village?

5. Montreal is a large city in Canada.

6. What is the largest city in Canada?

7. "What time is it?" "I don" t know. I haven "t got a watch."

8. When I went to Rome, I stayed with an Italian friend of mine.

9. You look very tired. You need a holiday.

10. Don "t sit on the floor. It" s very dirty.

11. "Let" s go to a restaurant this evening. "" That "s a good idea. Which restaurant shall we go?"

12. Can you turn on the radio, please? I want to listen to some music.

13. Tom is in the bathroom. He "s having a bath.

14. This is a nice room, but I don "t like the color of the carpet.

15. We live in an old house near the station. It "s two miles from the center.

2) Put a / an or the where necessary:

1. I turned off the light, opened the door and went out.

2. Excuse me, can I ask a question, please?

3. Alan is the best player in our football team.

4. How far is from here to the airport?

5. Enjoy your holiday and don "t forget to send me a postcard!

6. Have you got a ticket for the concert tomorrow night?

7. What is the name of the director of the film we saw last night?

8. Yesterday I bought a jacket and a shirt. The jacket was cheap but the shirt was expensive.

9. Peter and Mary have two children, a boy and a girl. The boy is seven years old and the girl is three.

You must complete sentences using articles plus given words or word pairs:

Bicycle, capital, cigarette, play, difficult language, kitchen, nice day, next train, roof, small hotel.

1. Rome is________________ of Italy.

2. When we were in London, we stayed at ___________.

3. Can you ride ___________?

4. What "s that man doing on _________ of that house? Is he repairing something?

5. We went to the theater last night but _________ wasn "t very good.

6. Do you think English is _________________ for people to learn?

7. "Would you like ________?" "No, thanks. I don" t smoke ".

8. "Where is jack?" "He" s in ________. He "s cooking something."

9. Excuse me, what time is___________ to London?

10. It "s ______________ today. Let" s go out.

in the singular, if it is used in the context for the first time and can be replaced by words such as one, some, any.

I see a man. I see a person (any, any).
Give me a pen. Give me a pen (any).

1. 2. Before nouns that denote a profession or carry a descriptive definition (or indicate quality).

Don't is a doctor. He is a doctor.
Not a good doctor. He's a good doctor.
Didn't become a great man. He became a great man.

1. 3.With some words andphrases indicating the quantity:

a couple is a couple, a dozen is a dozen, and hundred is a hundred, and a great deal of is a lot.

1. In phrases used to express price, speed, ratio:

five rence a kilo - five pence per kilogram, sixty kilometers an hour - sixty kilometers per hour, three times a week - three times a week.

1. V exclamations before countable nouns in the singular after the words what (what, what for), such (such), rather (rather), quite (quite, enough), as (as, as).

What a hot day! What a hot day!
What a pretty girl! What a pretty girl!
Such a pity! What a pity! What a pity!
as an ambassador ... as an ambassador ... as an ambassador ...

1. In expressions a few - a little, a little (before countable nouns), a little - a little, slightly (before uncountable nouns).

Doesn't have a few friends. He has few friends.
Didn't have a little time for that. He didn't have much time for this.

1. Before the singular noun after.

There is a book on the table. There is (is) a book on the table.

1. Before abstract nouns, when they have the meaning of a special quality or the meaning of "some", as well as before nouns denoting substances, when such nouns change meanings, passing into concrete nouns:

A thought struck him. - He was suddenly struck by a thought (some special thought);
iron - iron -> an iron - iron, ice - ice -> an ice - ice cream.

1. Before proper names in the meaning of "unfamiliar", "some", "someone".

A Mr Smith wants to see you. (Some) Mr. Smith wants to see you.
(The presence of the indefinite article indicates that the person named Smith is unfamiliar to the speaker.)
I want to speak to Mr Smith. I want to talk to Mr. Smith.
(The absence of an article in front of a proper name means that the speaker knows Mr. Smith himself or knows about his existence.)

1. When it is clear from the previous context or from the situation what object, phenomenon, etc. is being discussed, or when a specific object, etc. is meant, known in the situation to the speaker and listener, or when the given noun is already at least earlier mentioned in this context.

Close the door, please. Close the door, please.
(specific, this door, the door in the room in which the speaker is located or which he means situationally).
Ann is in the garden. Anna (is) in the garden (which is near the house, in the known to us, etc.).
Please pass me the wine. Please pass me the wine (the one on the table).

1. Before a countable noun in the singular, which means an animate or inanimate object as a representative of the whole class, category or group, that is, an object that expresses the general in a single concept.

The Hon is the king of beasts. Leo is the king of beasts (all lions).
The young man must be polite. The young person should be polite (the young person representing the younger generation).

1. Before nouns that are one of a kind:

the Earth - Earth, the Sun - Sun, the sky - sky

1. Before nouns that have a definition with them, expressed in a definitive restrictive turnover, sometimes with the preposition of.

The water in the river was very cold. The water in the river (water in this river) was very cold.
The English teacher of our group was ill. Our group's English teacher was sick.

1. Usually before nouns:

• which are determinedsuperlative adjectives (meaning "most").

He is the best student in our group. He is the best student in our group.

• which are used with definitions expressed by the words same - the same, very - the same, only - the only one, next - the next, last - the last.

Read the same text. Read the same (same) text.
You are the very man I am looking for. You are (exactly) the (very) person I am looking for.
The next day we went to Moscow. The next day we went to Moscow.

1. Before nouns denoting the names of rivers, seas, oceans, mountain ranges, ships, newspapers, some states, cities, as well as before proper names in the meaning of a whole family:
2. the Volga - the Volga, the Black Sea - the Black Sea, the Pacific Ocean - the Pacific Ocean, the Alps - the Alps, the Kurchatov - Kurchatov (ship name), the Pravda - Pravda (newspaper), the Ukraine - Ukraine, the Smirnovs - Smirnovs (the whole Smirnov family or Smirnov's husband and wife).
3. Before the names of musical instruments, when this type of instrument is meant in general, and not a unit, one of them.

She learns to play the flute. She is learning to play the flute.

1. Usually, before plural nouns, before which an indefinite article can be used in the singular.

Children usually go to school at the age of 6.

Children usually go to school at the age of 6.

1. Before their own names, titles and titles, the names of cities, streets, squares, etc., as well as before the names of the days of the week, months, seasons:

Nick - Nick, Smirnov - Smirnov, General Pavlov - General Pavlov, Professor Ivanov - Professor Ivanov, on Friday - on Friday, in October - in October, in (the) winter - in winter, London - London, France - France.

Exceptions: the USA - USA, the Sudan - Sudan, the Netherlands - Netherlands, the Ukraine - Ukraine, the Hague - The Hague, the High Street - High Street (e.g. main street in Oxford), the Smirnovs - Smirnovs (whole family or the husband and wife of Smirnov) and some others.

1. As a rule, before abstract nouns, when they do not go into details, and before the names of sciences, subjects, languages.

I like music. I like music (music in general).
Not studies history and English. He studies history and English.

1. Before the name of lunches, breakfasts, etc. in neutral use, if you do not mean a specific given lunch, etc. etc., if the meal is not solemn or unusual, or if this name is not specifiedadjective .

We have dinner (supper) at 6 o "clock. We (usually) have dinner (supper) at 6 o'clock.

1. As a rule, before uncountable nouns, when they are used in a neutral, general meaning, when they are not concretized, they do not stand out: advice, information, news, furniture, tea, coffee, etc. Before them are often used words such as: some, any, a little, a lot of, a piece of, etc.

I "ll give you a piece of advice.

I'll give you a little advice.

1. Before the word home (house, apartment), if it is used for its intended purpose and if there is no definition either before or after it.

Didn't go home. He went home.

BUT: They went to the bride's home. They went to the bride's home.

1. Before nouns followed byCardinal numbers indicating the number.

Open page 12. Open page 12.
We live in flat 27. We live in apartment 27.

1. In many cases, before nouns used with certainpretexts :

by land - by land, by sea - by sea, by air - by plane, in debt - in debt, by heart - for memory, at night - at night (in the evening), in trouble - in trouble, etc.

1. Before the words church (church), school (school), college (college), hospital (hospital), prison (prison), work (work), sea (sea), bed (bed), if these words are used for their intended purpose ...

We go to church to pray. We go to church to pray.

1. In frozen phrases and expressions:

at night - at night; at work - at work; by air - by air; by water - by water; by sea - by sea; by heart - by heart; by mistake - by mistake; by dinner - at lunch; in time - during; on sale - on sale; from time to time - from time to time.

1. Before the words few and little in a negative meaning with a connotation of "(very) little", "not enough", "barely", "a little", "almost not".

We had little time for amusement. We had little time for entertainment (we had almost no time, we were almost always busy).

Exercise 1. Insert the appropriate article where needed.

(1) ... Ted Shell is (2) ... worker. He works at (3) ... factory. It’s not in (4) ... center of the city. Every morning he has (5) ... breakfast and (6) ... cup of tea. Then he goes to (7) ... work by (8) ... bus. He works till five o'clock in (9) ... afternoon. He has (10) ... son. His name is Fred. Fred goes to (11) ... school. He likes (12) ... literature. Fred is (13) ... good pupil. He also likes (14) ... sports.

Exercise 2. Insert the appropriate article where needed.

1. ... butter is made of ... milk.

2. I am studying ... English. I am studying ... grammar.

3. We have… dog and… cat.

4. I seldom drink ... water.

5. I had ... tea and ... sandwich for breakfast.

6. ... history is my favorite subject.

7. There was ... kindness in her eyes.

8. I bought ... bottle of ... milk.

9. He has a lot of ... work today.

10. This vase is made of ... glass.

Exercise 3. Insert the appropriate article where needed.

(1) ... Frenchman was once traveling in (2) ... England. He did not know (3) ... English quite well. He could speak only (4) ... little. One day he was eating in (5) ... small pub and he wanted to order (6) ... eggs. But he didn’t know (7) ... English word for (8) ... eggs. Suddenly through (9) ... window he saw that (10) ... rooster (rooster) was walking in

(11) ... yard. He asked (12) ... waiter what was the English for (13) ... “roster”. (14) ... waiter told him. (15) ... Frenchman then asked what was the English for (16) ... “rooster’s wife”. (17) ... waiter told him that it was (18) ... hen. Next (19) ... Frenchman asked what was the English for “hen’s children”. (20) ... waiter told him that they were (21) ... chickens. (22) ... Frenchman asked what (23) ... chickens were before they were born. (24) ... waiter told him they were (25) ... eggs. “You’ve explained everything very well,”

(26) ... Frenchman said. “Please bring me two (27) ... eggs and (28)… cup of (29) ... coffee.”

Exercise 4. Insert the appropriate article where needed.

We are in (1) ... Scotland. Its capital is (2) ... Edinburgh. It is one of (3) ... most beautiful cities in (4) ... Great Britain. There are (5) ... many places of interest here.

(6) ... monument to (7) ... Walter Scott is in (8) ... center of (9) ... city. (10) ... National Gallery of Scotland is also situated in (11) ... center.

There is (12) ... fine collection of (13) ... pictures in (14) ... gallery. (15) ... Glasgow is (16) ... greatest city in (17) ... Scotland. Scotland is (18) ... land of (19) ... lakes.

They are called “Lochs” there. Let us go now to (20) ... Loch Lomond. What (21) ... beautiful lake it is!

Exercise 5. Determine the correct option.

1 a shower or the shower?

A) _________ is broken at the moment.

B There isn "t __________ in this bathroom.

2 a garden or the garden?

A) Our house hasn "t got ___________

B) Maria is outside in ____________

3 a poster or the poster?

A) Look at ____________

B) I "ve got ___________

4 a woman or the woman?

A) I can see _________

B) Who is ___________?

Exercise 6. Insert the appropriate article where needed

1.___ best pet for ___ child is ___ dog.

2. If you don’t like ___ public transport, you should get ___ car.

3.___ car isn’t ___ best way to travel in ___ city.

4. There was____dead mouse in _____ corner.

5. At ___ bottom of ___ page it said ‘Please turn over’.

6.I don’t take ___ sugar, thank you

Answers to the article exercises:

Exercise 1.

1 -, 2 a, 3 a, 4 the, 5 -, 6 a, 7-, 8 -, 9 the, 10 a, 11 -, 12 -, 13 a, 14 -

Exercise 2.1 - / -, 2 - / -, 3 a / a, 4 -, 5 - / a, 6 -, 7 -, 8 a / -, 9 -, 10 -

Exercise 3.1 A, 2 -, 3 -, 4 a, 5 a, 6 -, 7 the, 8 -, 9 the, 10 a, 11 the, 12 the, 13 a, 14 the, 15 the, 16 a , 17 the, 18 a, 19 the, 20 the, 21 -, 22 the, 23 -, 24 the, 25 -, 26 the, 27 -, 28 a, 29 -

Exercise 4.1 -, 2 -, 3 the, 4 -, 5 -, 6 a, 7 -, 8 the, 9 the, 10 the, 11 the, 12 a, 13 -, 14 -, 15 -, 16 the , 17 -, 18 the, 19 -, 20 -, 21 a

Exercise 5.1 the shower / a shower 2 a garden / the garden 3 the poster / a poster a woman / the woman

Exercise 6.1 the / a / a, 2 - / a, 3 a / the / a, 4 a / the, 5 the / the, 6 -

In many foreign languages ​​there is such a thing as an article. It will be a good option for those who want to know English to start learning grammar with this topic. The article (the rule of use will help to understand the issue) is an official part of speech in English. It shows certainty or uncertainty. Further in the text are the rules for its use when the article a (an), the is omitted.

Types of articles

There are two types of articles in English:

• definite - the;
• undefined - a (an) (two forms).

The definite article shows that we are talking about some well-known or familiar subject, which is more individualized, somehow stands out from others. And the indefinite indicates a more generalized meaning or about an object that appears in the text for the first time. Examples:

The girl has a dog. / The girl has a dog.

From this sentence, it can be understood that we are talking about a specific girl who is already familiar to the reader and she was previously mentioned in the text, but the word "dog" is more generalized, what kind of dog is unknown.

Origin

We have already found out that in English there is such a part of speech as the article: a (an), the. They originally came from other words and to some extent retained their old meaning.

For example, the definite article is an abbreviated form of the word that (that, that), which is why it carries such a specific meaning.

Comes from the word one (someone, someone).

Definite article

In English, the definite article has two functions: the first is concretizing, and the other is generalizing. And this part of speech is used if a person knows exactly what subject is being discussed, or if this subject is unique.

The definite article in the concretizing meaning

• It is used if one object stands out from the entire set, it has some excellent parameters, it stands out with a unique case, context. Before adjectives in

He is the best player in our team./ He is the best player in our team.

• Before following, last, next, only and very. They make the noun more specific.

And not the next day. / And not the next day.

• The definite article is also placed before adjectives in the superlative degree.

It is the worst day in my life.

The definite article in a generalized meaning

• In generalizing - when a noun can be attributed to a whole type of objects.

Examples include the German Shepherd - the double coat is straight, and short length. The coat has two characteristics: straight and short in length.

Here we are talking about all dogs belonging to a particular breed.

• Omitted if replaced with a possessive pronoun.

She sure had some love for her German Shepards. / She definitely loves her German Shepards.

• If you can put the word "this" before the noun.

The hotel also features easy access to the several subway stations./The hotel (this hotel) is also easily accessible from several metro stations.

• When indicating the era, significant events.

The First World War./The First World War.

• Before uncountable nouns, only if we are talking about a certain amount of substance.

And then the farmer has to find another way to deliver the juice.

• Before the names of body parts.

The hand

• Before social classes and strata of society.

The police./Police officers.

The definite article with proper names and some titles

It will help you better understand how to use with proper names and some article names, the table below. The definite article the must be added before all the words below.

Proper names	Examples of
Rivers	the Nakdong
Names of newspapers	the Washington Post
Geographic names	the north pole
Objects from astronomy	the moon
Mountain names	the Andes
Cardinal points	in the East
Surnames plural (meaning all family members)	the adamsons
Channels	the nicaragua canal
City districts	the west end
Nationalities	the Italian
Unique architectural structures	the winter palace
Deserts	the Bolivian
Names of bodies of water	the black sea
Vessel names	the aurora
Some countries	the Argentine
Nicknames	the tall ben

Definite article. Plural

• If the definite article is used before a word in the singular, then it is placed before it in the plural.

You can bring the ball with, if you want.

You can bring the balls with, if you want.

• Also, the article remains before the plural when it comes to a group as a whole.

The members of Golf club can breathe fresh air. (Everyone can breathe fresh air).

Indefinite article a (an)

Used "a" if the first letter in a word is a consonant, "an" - if a vowel:

• a table, a carpet, a dog / table, carpet, dog;
• an elephant, an eagle, an orange

Exceptions to the rule:

• the article "a" is always placed before words that begin with the letter "u" if it is pronounced like / ju: / (English is a universal language);
• before the words "one", "ones", the article "a" (a one-parent family) is always used;
• if abbreviations start with a consonant, but read with a vowel (F is pronounced like / ef /), then the indefinite article "an" (an FBI agent) is always used in front of them.

Classifying, generalizing and numeral meaning of the indefinite article

• In sentences with an expressive coloring, in exclamation sentences that begin with the word what, the indefinite article is used.

What a great! / How cool!

• Singular nouns preceded by words like rather, quite, such, and most.

In a rather prescient way./Very far-sighted.

• If a noun is a generalizing meaning for an entire class, species, layer, etc., then an indefinite article is placed in front of it. Most often, such a noun appears at the beginning of a sentence and does not carry any important information. More significant details are described later in the text.

A newspaper text is a very laconic and relevant essay.

• In the numerical value, the article denotes its original meaning - one.

I can stay in Paris for only a day./I could only stay in Paris for a day. (It is clear here that the particle -a can be replaced by one, the word from which the article a (an) was formed (the - from that). In this sentence, the particle takes its usual place).

The indefinite article a (an). Plural

Articles that are used before singular nouns are not used in the plural.

She had a book of astrology./ She had a book on astrology.

She had two books./ She had two books. (As you can see, the article is omitted.)

Proper names and the article a (an)

The article a (an) is used before if they:

• unknown

A Mr. Anderson has come to see you ./ A certain Mr. Anderson has come to see you.

• used as common nouns

You think, I am a Leonardoda Vinci? / Do you think I am Leonardo da Vinci?

• point to individual family members

It is no wonder; in fact, she is a Smith.

• describe the position of a place or object

We saw a rebuild Rome./We saw a rebuilt Rome.

In addition, there are fixed expressions that, regardless of the context, never change and always remain in place. You just need to learn such phrases:

a few / a few, it is a pity / sorry, a little / a little, etc.

When the article is not needed

In English there is such a concept as that is, when it is absent in sentences before nouns. Above in the article, cases have already been mentioned when the article is omitted. Let's consider a few more typical rules.

• If nouns are preceded by the adjectives old / old, little / small, poor / poor, lazy / lazy, honest / honest.

She is little girl. / She is a little girl.

• If there is no definition for the noun.

I do not like Peter./

• Before titles, titles.

Lord Green. / Lord Green.

Article exercises

To consolidate the knowledge gained, you need to do a few exercises. Then check your answers with the keys, analyze the mistakes. For example, you can do the task below.

Insert the missing article a (an), the:

Paris is… beautiful town./Paris is a beautiful city.

What "s going on? I think it’s… salute./ What's going on? I think it's a salute.

Britney Spears is… singer./Britney Spears is a singer.

This is Nick. He is… engineer./ This is Nick. He is an engineer.

… Spider has eight legs./ Spiders have eight legs.

It is… tomato./This is a tomato.

I am… nurse./I am a nurse.

She is… best./She is the best.

To take ... seat./Sit down.

In… country./In the country.

Answers to the exercise. How to correctly insert the article a (an), the:

1.a. 2. a. 3. a. 4. an. 5. a. 6. a. 7. a. 8. the. 9. a. 10. the.

Hello my dear.

I hope you all know my basic rule "learned the theory - do the exercises"? If not, then memorize it as soon as possible and begin to "live" into practice. It will help you a lot. And if so, welcome to a new lesson called "Exercises on articles in English".

Today, my dears, we will do general exercises to consolidate the learned theory, but to make your knowledge more complete, you can do exercises on individual topics that I have prepared for you:

Today we will practice the general rule for the use of the article, both for beginners and for those who already know at least something. You can find the answers at the end of the lesson.

Exercise 1.

This exercise is great for 2nd grade kids when their knowledge is still very limited.

I had dinner in _ café. _ Café was very beautiful.

There were _ lot of people on _ street.

I have _ lot of animals at home: _ cat, _ dog, _ parrot, _ golden fish.

There isn’t _ airport near our home.

I am going to visit grandmother in _ week.

My friend lives in _ beautiful house. It has _ big garden.

I don’t want _ ice-cream. I would prefer _ sandwich.

Exercise 2.

This task is already suitable for older children - for the 4th or 5th grade and, depending on the school curriculum.

Would you like _ grapefruit?

Man and _ woman were sitting in a restaurant. _ man seemed to be Italian, and _ woman seemed to be American.

Do you have _ car?

I was busy yesterday. I was cleaning _ car.

Our plane delayed. So we went to _ hotel to spend one more night there.

We had _ good evening. We were playing _ football, and my father was playing _ guitar.

Exercise 3.

When a student comes to grade 6, he already has a good lexical base, and grammar should already be at some level. We will check it now.

When was the last time you went to _ dentist?

Excuse me, where is _ nearest bus station?

We rent _ apartment in _ city center.

House was beautiful and _ park near it was enormous.

How much sleep do you need? - About 10 hours _ night.

Can you turn off _ light, please?

I don’t know who is _ owner of _ big car outside our house.

Exercise 4.

Well, let's check which of you can handle the assignments for grade 11.

Where did you go for _ holidays? - We went to __ Canada. These were _ best holidays I’ve ever had.

Tom works as __ cleaner in _ school.

My uncle went to _ hospital to visit my sister. She is in _ hospital after _ car accident.

Apples are good for you.

I like _ skating but I still don’t do it well.

Most people believe that _ marriage is _ essential part of every person's life.

Do you know _ people living _ next door?

In my opinion government doesn’t do enough to help _ poor. They should create something to help _ homeless and _ unemployed.

Exercise 5.

Amsterdam is _ main city of _ Netherlands.

We spent the summer traveling across _ North America. We stated in _ Canada and set off to _ north.

She went to _ station to buy _ tickets for our trip.

Which river flows in _ USA? - _ Mississippi.

Asia is larger than _ Africa, isn’t it?

He gave up his job to go to _ Nepal and climb __ Everest.

We went to _ Black Sea last summer. It was _ most exciting trip I’ve ever had.

Caribbean Islands attract lots of tourists every year.

What is _ highest mountain in the world?

In _ morning we need to see _ doctor. I am afraid you have _ flu.

Well, how, my dear ones, have they tested themselves? I am sure that you are pleased with your results, because you are very diligent with me. But remember: if you don't maintain your language level, don't do exercises in books or online, everything will quickly be forgotten.

Therefore, the doors of my blog are always open for your practice. Here you will find enough material to keep your English going. And I will help you even more and regularly upload new materials. Subscribe to my mailing list to always get everything first.

Answers.

Exercise 1.

Exercise 2.

A, a, the, the.

Exercise 3.

Exercise 4.

Exercise 5.

Remember the following rules:

Each common noun must be preceded by an article.

If you do not use the article before a noun, you should be able to

explain why.

The article is not used if the noun is preceded by a possessive

or a demonstrative pronoun, another noun in the possessive case,

cardinal or negation "on" (not "not ").

Control. 1. Insert the article where necessary.

This is ... book. It is my ... book. 2. Is this your ... pencil? - No, it isn "t my ... pencil, it is ray sister" s ... pencil. 3. I have ... sister. My ... sister is ... engineer. My sister "s ... husband is ... doctor. 4. I have no ... handbag. 5. Is this ... watch? - No, it isn" t ... watch, it "s .. . pen. 6. This ... pen is good, and that ... pen is bad. 7. I can see ... pencil on your ... table, but I can see no ... paper. 8. Give me ... chair, please. 9. They have ... dog and two ... cats. 10. I have ... spoon in my ... plate, but I have no ... soup in it.

When we mention a subject for the first time, we use the indefinite article before it. a (an ). Mentioning this the same object is secondary, we put a definite article in front of it the .

E.g. This is a book. The book is interesting.

Control ... 2. Insert the article where required.

1. This is ... tree. ... tree is green. 2. I can see three ... boys. ... boys are playing. 3. I have ... bicycle. ... bicycle is black. My ... friend has no ... bicycle. 4. Our ... room is large. 5. We wrote ... dictation yesterday. ... dictation was long. 6. She has two ... daughters and one ... son. Her ... son is ... pupil. 7. My ... brother "s ... friend has no ... dog. 8. This ... pencil is broken. Give me that ... pencil, please. 9. She has ... ball.. .. ball is ... big. 10. I got ... letter from my ... friend yesterday. ... letter was interesting.

Indefinite article a (an ) can only be used with countable nouns in the singular. The indefinite article is omitted before uncountable or plural nouns. Definite article the used with both countable and uncountable nouns, both with singular and plural.

E.g. This is a book. The book is interesting.

numerical

This is S meat. The meat is fresh.

uncountable

These are S books. The books are good.

plural

Control. 3. Insert the article where required.

1. This is ... pen. ... pen is red. 2. These are pencils. ... pencils are black. 3. This is ... soup. ... soup is tasty. 4. In the morning I eat ... sandwich and drink ... tea. 5. She gave me ... coffee and ... cake. ... coffee was hot. ... cake was tasty. 6. Do you like ... ice-cream? 7. I see ... book in your ... hand. Is ... book interesting? 8. She bought ... meat, ... butter and ... potatoes yesterday. She also bought ... cake. ... cake was very ... tasty. We ate ... cake with ... tea. 9. This is my ... table. On ... table I have ... book, two ... pencils, ... pen and ... paper. 10. This is ... bag. ... bag is brown. It is my sister "s ... bag. And this is my ... bag. It is ... yellow.

Remember the following phrases in which the article is not used:

at S school at S home at S work

Control. 4. Insert the article where necessary.

1. I have two ... sisters. My ... sisters are ... students. 2. We are at ... home. 3. My ... brother is not at ... home, he is at ... school. 4. My ... mother is at ... work. She is ... doctor. 5. I am not ... doctor. 6. I have no "... sister. 7. He is not ... pilot. 8. I have thirty-two ... teeth. 9. He has ... child. 10. She has two ... children. Her children are at ... school. 11. Is your father at ... home? - No, he is at ... work. 12. Where is your ... broth er? - He is at ... home.

If an adjective is used before a noun, it stands between the article and the noun.

E.g. This is a book. This is a good book.

Control 5. Insert the article where necessary.

1. We have ... large ... family. 2. My granny often tells us ... long ... interesting .. stories. 3. My ... father is ... engineer. He works at ... factory. ... factory is large. 4. My ... mother is ... doctor. She works at ... large ... hospital. She is at ... work now. 5. My ... aunt is ... teacher. She works at ... school. ... school is good. My ... aunt is not at ... school now. She is at ... home. She is drinking ... tea and eating ... jam. ... jam is sweet. I am at ... home, too. I am drinking ... tea and eating ... sandwich. ... sandwich is tasty. 6. My sister is at ... school. She is ... pupil. 7. My cousin has ... big ... black ... cat. My cousin "s ... cat has two ... kittens. ... milk, too. Cat likes ... milk. ... kittens like

Control. 6. Insert the article where necessary.

1. I am ... engineer. 2. My ... son is ... pupil. 3. He is ... good ... pupil. 4. This is ... house. 5. This is my ... pencil. 6. You have some ... pencils, but I have no ... pencil. Give me ... pencil, please. 7. I like your ... beautiful ... flower. Give me ... flower, please. 8. My ... mother is at ... home. She is reading ... interesting ... book. 9. My ... father is not at ... home. He is at ... work. He is ... doctor. He is ... good ... doctor. He works at ... hospital. ... hospital is large.

Often, even when we mention the subject for the first time, we nevertheless use the definite article before it:

a) if the item mentioned is the only one in the world

E.g. Thesun is shining brightly.

c) if this item is specific according to the situation

E.g. Put the book on the table.

Control. 7. Insert the article where necessary.

1. What "s ... weather like today? - ... weather is fine. 2. ... sun is yellow. 3. ... sky is gray today. 4. ... earth is ... planet . 5. We had ... English lesson yesterday. ... teacher asked me many ... questions. ... questions were difficult.

4. Where is your ... brother? - He is at ... home. He is in his ... room. He is sitting at ... table. He is doing his ... homework. ... homework is difficult. 5. Our ... cat is sitting on ... sofa. 6. It is very dark in ... room. Turn on ... light, please. 7. Nick went into ... bathroom, turned on ... water and washed his ... hands.

Control. 8. Insert the article where necessary.

1. This is ... good ... book. Take ... book from ... table. Put this ... book into ... bookcase. 2. ... weather is fine today. ... sky is blue. ... sun is shining brightly in ... blue ... sky. 3. This is ... boy. ... boy is at ... school. He is ... pupil. This ... boy is my ... brother "s ... friend. He has ... cat, but he has no ... dog. He likes his ... cat. He gives ... cat .. . milk every day. 4. Yesterday I received ... letter from my ... friend. ... letter was interesting. 5. We live in ... big house. I like ... house very much. 6. Are you ... worker? - No, I am ... student.

In addition, there is a huge number of so-called "frozen phrases," in which the article is used or absent traditionally. These phrases have to be learned by heart.

Remember the following constructs.

There is a ... Where is the ...?

Remember also the following sentences:

The(book) is onthe(table). Ho: The (book) is ona little(table) 1

Control. 9. Insert the article where necessary.

1. Where is ... cat? - .. cat is on ... sofa. 2. Where is ... book? - .. book is on ... shelf. 3. Where are ... flowers? - ... flowers are in ... beautiful vase. 4. Where is .. vase? - ... vase is on ... little table near ... window. 5. Open ... window, please. ... weather is fine today. I can see ... sun in ... sky. I can see ... nice little bird. ... bird is sitting in ... big tree. ... tree is green. 6. There is ... little white cloud in ... sky. 7. We have ... large room. There is ... big sofa in ... room and ... little lamp on ... wall over ... sofa. I like to sit on ... sofa and read ... good book.

1 Nouns in parentheses can be anything. The adjective can also be anything. Instead of the preposition "on", there can be any other preposition or a phrase that replaces it, for example, "in front of".

in S front

Control. 10. Insert the article where necessary.

1. Where is ... soup? - ... soup is in ... big saucepan on ... gas-cooker. 2. Where are ... cutlets? - ... cutlets are in ... refrigerator on ... little plate. 3. There is no ... bread on ... table. Where is ... bread? 4. There is ... little brown coffee-table in our ... room in ... front of ... sofa. 5. Where is ... table in your ... room? 6. There is ... thick carpet on ... floor in my mother "s ... room. 7. Is your brother at ... home? - No, he is at ... work. He works at. .. big factory. He is ... engineer. 8. My sister has many ... books. ... books are in ... big bookcase. 9. ... weather is fine today. Let "s go and play in ... yard. There are many ... children in ... yard. They are playing with ... ball.

Remember the following constructs that require the indefinite article:

I have a ... This is a ... I am a ... She is a ... That is a ... Not a ... I see a ... It is a ... She is a. ..

There is a ...

Control ... 11. Insert the article where required.

1, We have ... big dog. ... dog is very clever. 2. My friend has ... very good computer. 3. This ... boy is big. He is ... student. 4. There is ... very big piano in ... hall. 5. This is ... tree and that is not ... tree. It "s ... bush. 6. I am ... boy. I am ... pupil. I learn at ... school. 7. My sister is at ... work. She is ... secretary. She works at ... large office. 8. This is ... very difficult question. I don "t know ... answer to it. 9. Do you see ... little girl with ... big ball in her ... hands? She is ... pupil of our ... school. 10. There was ... beautiful flower in this ... vase yesterday. Where is ... flower now?

in the middle in the corner to the right to the left

Control. 12. Insert the article where necessary.

There is ... thick red ... carpet in my ... room. ... carpet is on ... floor in ... front of ... sofa. 2. Where is ... table in your brother "s ... room? - His ... table is near ... window. 3. I can see ... fine ... vase on ... shelf. Is it your ... vase? 4. We have no ... piano in our ... living-room. 5. My ... uncle is ... married. He has ... beautiful wife. They have ... son, but they have no ... daughter. 6. I can see ... nice ... coffee-table in ... middle of ... room to ... right of ... door. It is ... black and ... red. I like ... coffee-table. 7. Our ... TV-set is on ... little ... table in ... corner of ... room. 8. There is ... beautiful picture in my father "s ... study, ... picture is on ... wall to ... left of ... window.

Control. 13. Insert the article where necessary.

My aunt "s flat is in ... new house. There is ... living-room, ... bedroom, ... study, ... bathroom and ... kitchen in ... flat. ... bedroom is ... large room with ... two windows. ... room is light as ... windows are large. There are ... white curtains on ... windows. There are ... two beds with. .. large pillows on them. There are ... small tables near ... beds. There are ... lamps on them. To ... left of ... door there is ... dressing-table with .. . looking-glass on it. There is ... low chair at ... dressing-table. There are ... several pictures on ... pale green walls. There is ... thick carpet on ... floor. ... carpet is dark green. ... room is very cozy.

If there is (there are) is followed by an uncountable or plural noun, the word "some." Is often (not necessary) used instead of the omitted indefinite article.

Control. 14, Insert article where necessary.

There is ... sofa in ... corner of ... room. 2. There are ... cushions on ... sofa, 3. There are ... books on ... shelf. Give me ... book, please. 4. Look into ... refrigerator. What can you see on ... shelves? - There is ... butter in ... butter-dish. There is ... sausage, but there is no ... cheese. There are ... eggs and ... apples. There is ... orange, ... lemon, and ... jam in ... little vase. 5. There is ... juice in this ... cup. May I drink ... juice? 6. There are ... girls in ... yard, but I can see no ... boys. Where are ... boys? - Oh, all ... boys are playing football at ... stadium.

Control. 15. Insert the article where necessary.

I have ... color TV-set. ... TV-set is on ... little table in ... corner of ... room. 2. There is ... book, ... pen, and ... paper on my ... writing-desk. 3. My ... brother is ... teacher. He works at ... school. He has ... very good books. His ... books are in ... big bookcase. 4. There is ... tea in my ... glass. There is no ... tea in my ... friend "s ... glass. His ... glass is empty. 5. Where is ... coffee-table in your ... room? - ... coffee -table is in ... front of ... sofa. There is ... cup on ... coffee-table and ... newspapers. There is ... coffee in ... cup.

Remember the following congestion phrases:

in the morning in the afternoon

in the evening at s_ night

And :

to go to S bed to go to S_ work

to go to S_ school

Control ... 16. Insert the article where required.

1. My ... friend has to get up early in ... morning because he goes to ... school. That "s why he usually goes to ... bed early in ... evening. 2% ... weather was very bad in ... morning yesterday. ... sky was gray and it was raining. But in .. . middle of ... day ... weather began to change. ... rain stopped and ... sun appeared from behind ... clouds. In ... afternoon it was very warm. I did not want to stay at ... home and went into ... yard.There were ... boys and ... girls in ... yard.We played in ... yard till late in ... evening. When I came ... home, I drank ... tea, ate ... sandwich and went to ... bed at once. I slept very well at ... night.

to go S_ home to come S_ home

to leave S home for S_ work (for S_ school) at S_ half past five at a quarter past five

Control. 17. Insert the article where necessary.

1. My brother is ... pupil. He goes to ... school.He goes to ... school in ... morning. He has five or six ... lessons every day. In ... afternoon he goes ... home. At ... home he does his ... homework. In ... evening he reads ... books. He usually goes to ... bed at ... half past ten. At ... night he sleeps. 2. My father goes to ... work in ... morning and

comes ... home in ... evening. 3. I get up at ... half past seven in ... morning and go to ... bed at ... quarter to eleven in ... evening. 4. When does your mother leave ... home for ... work? - She leaves ... home for ... work at ... quarter past eight. 5. When do you leave ... home for ... school? - I leave ... home for ... school at ... half past ... eight.

The article is not used before the names of the months and days of the week.

School begins in S_ September. We rest on S_ Sunday.

The definite article is usually used before ordinal numbers.

Our classroom is on the second floor. Today is the tenth of May.

Control. 18. Insert the article where necessary.

1. There are three rooms and ... kitchen in our new flat. 2. My new dress is made of ... silk. 3. If you want to write something on ... blackboard, you must have ... piece of ... chalk. 4. Are there any pupils in ... classroom? 3. I have ... new English book. ... book is very interesting. 6. There is ... garden in ... front of our school. ... garden is not large, but it is very nice. 7. ... May is ... fifth month of the year. 8. ... Saturday is ... sixth day of the week. 9. ... Sunday is ... day off.

Remember the following congestion phrases:

after S_ work from -S work

after S_ school from S school

Control. 19. Insert article where necessary.

1. My friends live in ... small town. It is ... new town. ... streets in ... town are broad and straight. There are ... beautiful buildings in them. ... town is very green, and so ... air is fresh. There are ... beautiful parks and gardens in ... town. ... people like to go there after ... work. In ... evening you can hear ... sounds of ... music from ... parks. There are ... schools, ... libraries, ... hospital, ... theater, ... cinemas, ... polyclinics and ... kindergartens in ... town. 2. This is ... classroom. ... classroom is large and light. 3. There is ... picture on ... wall. 4. What is ... date today? It is ... seventh of ... December. 5. ... third lesson today is ... lesson of English. 6. Pete, go to ... blackboard. 7. After school I usually go ... home. 8. My father always comes from ... work late: at eight o "clock or at ... half past eight. But on ... Friday he comes ... home early: at half past four or at ... quarter to five. On ... Saturday and on ... Sunday he does not go to ... work.

Remember the following frozen phrases:

to have (cook, make, prepare) S _ breakfast

S_ lunch. ~ S_ tea S_ dinner S_ supper

Control. 20 Insert article where necessary.

I go to ... school in ... morning, so I get up early. I usually get up at ... quarter past seven. I go to ... bathroom, turn on ... water and wash my face and hands. My father and mother also get up early in ... morning. My mother works at ... office. She is ... typist. My father is ... doctor. He works at ... polyclinic. We have ... breakfast in ... kitchen. We eat ... porridge and ... eggs. We drink ... tea. My father and mother leave ... home for ... work at ... half past eight. My father goes to ..\ polyclinic, and my mother goes to ... office. I don "t leave ... home with my parents: ... school where I learn is near our house. I leave ... home for ... school at ... quarter to nine. My granny stays at .. . home and cooks ... dinner. I have ... lunch at ... school after ... third lesson. My father and mother have ... lunch at ... work. When we come ... home, we have ... dinner.

Control ... 21. Insert the article where required.

1. Every day my husband goes to ... work, my son goes to ... school and I go to ... institute.

2. There is ... new school at ... corner of our street.

3. My daughter came ... home from ... school on ... Monday and said to me: "There will be ... parents" meeting on ... tenth of February at six o "clock in ... evening. " 4. ... teacher told us ... very interesting story at ... lesson. 5. When ... bell rang, ... pupils went into ... classroom. 6. We are usually at ... school from nine o "clock in ... morning till two o" clock in ... afternoon. 7. We don "t go to ... school on ... Sunday.

Remember the following

frozen phrases-

niya :

after S breakfast

before S breakfast

after S lunch

before S_ lunch

after S tea

before S tea

after S_ dinner

before S dinner

after S supper

before S_ supper

at S_ breakfast

for S_ breakfast

at S lunch

for S lunch

at S tea

for S tea

at S dinner

for S dinner

at s_ supper

for S_ supper

Control. 22. Insert the article where necessary,

1. What do you do after ... breakfast? - After ... breakfast I go to ... school. 2. My granny likes to read ... book after ... lunch. 3. ... people usually have ... breakfast in ... morning. They have) ... dinner in ... afternoon. In ... evening ... people have ... supper. 4. There is a proverb: "After ... dinner sleep awhile, after ... supper walk ... mile. 5. Who cooks ... dinner in your family? 6. Yesterday lather told us ... very interesting story at ... breakfast. 7. What did you have for ... lunch at ... school on ... Wednesday? - We had ... salad and ... tea. 8. My mother never has .. supper with ... family because she does not like to eat in ... evening. 9. When do you clean your teeth in ... morning: before ... breakfast or after ... breakfast?

Control. 23. Insert the article where necessary,

For ... breakfast I have ... coffee with ... milk and ... sugar. I have ... jam, too. There are ... different things on ... dinner-table. There is ... bread, ... butter and ... ham. There are ... cups and ... glasses there. There is ... jug on ... table. ... milk in ... jug is hot. There is ... tea-pot on ... table. There is ... tea in ... tea-pot. ... tea is hot, too. There are ... plates, ... forks and ... knives on ... table. 2. ... lamp is on ... table. 3. There is ... lamp on ... table. 4. Is there ... lamp on ... table? 5. Is ... lamp on ... table? 6. Is there ... clock on ... wall? 7. There are two ... shelves on ... wall. 8. Where are ... shelves? - ... shelves are on ... wall. 9. They have ... large flat. There are ... four rooms in ... flat. 10. Is ... newspaper on ... table? 11. Is there ... newspaper on ... table? 12. There is ... butter on ... plate. 13. Where is ... butter?

Butter is on ... little plate. 14. There is ... white and ... brown bread on ... table.

Remember the following frozen phrase

to watch S_ TV

Control. 24. Insert article where necessary.

1. My ... aunt and my ... uncle are ... doctors. They work at ... hospital. They get up at seven o "clock in ... morning. They go to ... bed at eleven o" clock. 2. I work in ... morning and in ... afternoon. I don "t work in ... evening. I sleep at ... night. 3. When do you leave ... home for ... school? - I leave ... home at ... quarter past eight in ... morning. 4. What does your mother do after ... breakfast? - She goes to ... work. 5. Is there ... sofa in your ... living-room? - Yes, there is. .. cozy little ... sofa in ... living-room. - Where is ... sofa? - It is in ... corner of ... room to ... left of ... door. I like to sit on this ... sofa in ... front of ... TV-set in ... evening. 6. There is ... nice coffee-table near ... window. There are ... newspapers on ... coffee-table. 7. There is ... tea in ... glass. 8. When do you watch ... TV? - I watch TV in ... evening. We have ... large color TV -set in our ... room. There is ... beautiful vase on ... TV-set. There are ... flowers in ... vase. 9. I have ... large writing-desk in .. . study. There is ... paper on ... writing-desk. My ... books and ... exercise-books are on ... writing-desk, too.

Control. 25. Insert the article where necessary.

1. Pete has ... small family. He has ... father and ... mother. He has no ... brother, but he has ... sister. His sister is ... pupil. She is ... good girl. She has ... many Russian books, but she has no ... English books. 2. There is ... writing-desk in ... room. ... writing-desk is good. There is ... lamp on ... writing desk. 3. My uncle has ... large family. They are six in ... family. 4. My father is ... engineer. He works at ... big factory. 5. We have ... good library. Our books are in ... big bookcase. 6. Is your sister ... married? 7. What do you do after ... breakfast? - I go to ... school. 8. When do you come ... home? - I come ... home at ... half past two. 9. Do you like to watch TV in ... evening?

If the noun is preceded by an interrogative or relative pronoun, the article is omitted

E.g. What S_ color is your cat?

I want to know what S_ book you are reading.

Control. 26. Insert article where necessary.

1. What ... color is your new ... hat? - It "s ... red. 2. Is there ... refrigerator in your ... kitchen? 3. Where is ... refrigerator in your ... kitchen? - It is in ... corner of .. . kitchen. 4. There are ... flowers in our ... living-room. ... flowers are in ... beautiful vase. 5. I have ... tea in my ... cup. 6. He has no ... coffee in his ... cup. 7. What ... book did you take from ... library on ... Tuesday? 8. I have ... books, ... exercise-books and ... pens in my ...

bag. 9. I am ... engineer. I work at ... office. I go to ... office in ... morning. As ... office is far from ... house I live in, I take ... bus to get there. 10. What ... bus do you take to get to ... work? 11. Whose ... pen is this?

Control. 27. Insert the article where necessary.

My friend "s ... flat is very comfortable. There are ... three rooms in ... flat:, .. living-room, ... study and ... bedroom. ... living-room is not very large. ... walls in ... living-room are blue. There are ... pictures on ... walls. There is ... table in ... middle of ... room with some chairs around it . To ... left of ... door there is ... sofa. Near ... sofa there are ... two large armchairs. They are very comfortable. There is ... piano in my friend "s liv- irg-room. ... piano is to ... right of ... door. ... bedroom and ... study are small. ... furniture in ... flat is brown.

Control. 28. Insert article where necessary.

Here is ... large window. Through ... window we can see ... room. Opposite ... window there is ... door. On ... door there is ... curtain. In ... corner of ... room there is ... round table. On it we can see ... books and ... telephone. There is ... bookshelf over ... table. On ... bookshelf we can see ... newspapers and ... book by ... Jack London. There are ... two ... pictures in ... room. One ... picture is small, ... oilier picture is very large. There are ... two bookcases in ... room. ... bookcases are full of ... books. There is ... large sofa in ... room. On ... sofa we can see ... bag. Whose ... bag is that? There is no ... bed in ... room. On ... small table near ... window there are ... flowers and ... glass of ... water. In ... front of, .. window we can see ... armchair.

The article is not used before the names of sciences, subjects and languages.

E.g. He studies S_ chemistry. I speak S_ English.

Control. 29. Insert article where necessary.

1. When my grandfather was ... young man, he studied ... physics. 2. Do you speak ... Spanish? 3. My uncle is ... great specialist in ... biology. 4. ... Japanese is more difficult than ... French. 5. We listened to ... very interesting lecture on ... English literature yesterday. 6. Yesterday at ... lesson of ... geography ... teacher told us ... very interesting things about ... famous travelers. 7. My father speaks ... English and ... French, but he does not speak ... German. 8. We had ... lesson of ... mathematics yesterday. We wrote ... test-paper in ... mathematics. ... teacher said: "I shall correct ... test-papers in ... evening. Tomorrow you will know ... results".

Control. 30. Insert the article where necessary.

1. I study ... English. I attend ... English classes in ... evening. On ... days when I have no ... classes, I stay at ... home and do some work about ... house. I have ... dinner with my ... family. After ... dinner I talk to ... members of my ... family, watch ... TV and read ... books, ... newspapers and ... magazines. I go to ... bed late at ... night. 2. I am thirsty. Give me ... water, please. 3. There is ... book on ... table. Give me ... book, please.

If after the name of the language hp there is the word "language". Otherwise, the definite article is used. E.g. ... Chinese is difficult.

The Chinese language is difficult.

Remember the following frozen phrases:

to play S_ chess to play S_ football

out of

to play the piano to play the guitar

doors

Control. 31. Insert article where necessary

1. Do you play ... piano? 2. There is ... big black piano in our living-room. It is at ... wall to ... left of ... door opposite ... sideboard. My mother likes to play ... piano. She often plays ... piano in ... evening. 3. ... boys like to play ... football. 4. What do you do in ... evening? - I often play ... chess with my grandfather. 5. Where are ... children? - Oh, they are out of ... doors. ... weather is fine today. They are playing ... badminton in ... yard. 6. What ... games does your sister like to play? - She likes to play ... tennis. 7. Do you like to play ... guitar? 8. What ... color is your guitar?

Control. 32. Insert article where necessary.

When we want to write ... letter, we take .... piece of ... paper and ... pen. We first write our -... address and ... date in ... right-hand corner. Then on ... left-hand side we write ... greeting. We may write, for instance, "My dear brother," "Dear Henry," etc., and then on ... next line we begin ... real letter. We must not forget to leave ... "> Remember that the article is omitted before reference.

E.g. What are you doing, S_ children?

in a loud voice

in a low voice

in an angry voice

in a thin voice

in a ... voice

Control. 33. Insert article where necessary.

It was ... hot day. ... sun was shining brightly in ... blue sky. ... wolf and ... lamb met at ... stream. ... water in ... stream was cool and clear. ... wolf saw that ... lamb was fat and wanted to eat it. He began to shout: "You, ... fool, you are making ... water dirty!" ... lamb was afraid. It looked at ... wolf and said in ... thin voice: "But, ... Mr. Wolf, I cannot make ... water dirty for you from ... place where I am standing, because ... stream runs from you to me. " "Stop talking!" shouted ... wolf in ... angry voice. "I know you! I met you six months ago, and you were very rude to me." "You are wrong, ... Mr. Wolf," cried ... lamb, "you could not meet me six months ago: I am only four ... months old." "Never mind," said ... wolf, “if it wasn" t you, it was your brother. " And with these ... words he seized ... poor lamb and carried it into ... wood.

Remember that the definite article is used before the superlative of adjectives.

E.g. Asia is the largest continent.

My brother is the best pupil in his class.

1. Bill Robins was ... very rich man. He was ... richest man in ... village. 2. Pete is ... tallest boy in our class. Nick is ... shortest boy, but he is very ... strong. He is ... stronger than many boys who are ... taller than he. I think Nick is ... strongest boy in ... class. 3. Granny often tells us ... long stories. Today her story was still ... longer. It was ... longest story. She began telling it after ... dinner and finished only before ... supper. But ... story was very interesting. I think it was ... most interesting of Granny's stories. 4. Which was ... most difficult exercise in ... test-paper? 5. Which is ... best season of the year? 6. February is ... shortest month of the year. 7. Do you know ... longest river in our country? 8. In ... May ... days are ... longer than in ... April.

Remember the rules for using the article with geographical names.

The definite article is used before the names of rivers, canals, seas, bays, straits, oceans, archipelagos, mountain ranges.

The article is not used before the names of lakes, mountains, islands, continents, cities, countries.

Exceptions:

the United States of America

the United Kingdom of Great Britain and

Northern Ireland the Netherlands the Ukraine the Crimea the Congo.

Control. 34. Insert the article where necessary.

1 .... Moscow is situated on ... Moscow River. ... Moscow is a river that moves very slowly. There is ... canal called ... Moscow-Volga Canal which joins ... Moscow to ... Volga. ... Volga runs into ... Caspian Sea. 2. Several rivers run into ... sea at ... New York. ... most important is ... Hudson River which empties into ... Atlantic Ocean. Besides ... Hudson there are ... two other rivers: ... East River and ... Harlem River. 3. In ... Siberia there are many long rivers: ... Ob, ... Irtysh, ... Yenissei, ... Lena and ... Amur. 4. ... Altai Mountains are ... higher than ... Urals.

Remember the following congestion phrases:

in the north in the south in the east in the west

to the north to the south to the east to the west

Control. 36. Insert the article where necessary.

1. ... Neva flows into ... Gulf of ... Finland. 2. ... Pacific Ocean is very deep. 3. ... Urals are not very high. 4. ... Kazbek is ... highest peak of ... Caucasus. 5. ... Alps are covered with ... snow. 6. ... Shetland Islands are situated to ... north of ... Great Britain. 7. ... USA is ... largest country in ... America. 8. ... Crimea is washed by ... Black Sea. 9. ... Lake Baikal is ... deepest lake in ... world. 10. ... Paris is ... capital of ... France. 11. Lomonosov was born in ... small village on ... shore of ... White Sea. 12. Gogol was born in ... Ukraine in 1809.13 ... Caucasus separates ... Black Sea from ... Caspian Sea. 14. ... Europe and ... America are separated by ... Atlantic Ocean. 15. ... Baltic Sea is stormy in winter. 16. There are many small islands in ... Pacific Ocean. 17. ... North Sea separates ... British Isles from ... Europe. 18. ... Balkans are old mountains. 19. ... Nile flows across ... north-eastern part of ... Africa to ... Mediterranean Sea. 20. Which are .... highest mountains in ... Russia?

Control ... 37. Insert the article where required.

Thames is ... short river. 2. ... Russia is washed by ... Arctic Ocean in ... north. 3. Kiev is to ... south of ... Moscow. 4. ... Europe is ... continent. 5. ... Moscow is ... capital of ... Russia. 6. Is ... Asia ... island or ... continent? 7. ... Black Sea is in ... south of our country. 8. ... White Sea is in ... north of our country, 9. This is ... map of ... world. What can you see on ... map? What ... color are ... valleys on ... map? 10. Petrov is ... architect. He is ... experienced architect. He is in ... Far East. He has ... wife. His wife is ... typist. They have ... son and ... daughter. 11. ... Philippines are situated to ... south-east of ... Asia.

Control. 38, Insert article where necessary.

1. This is ... pen. It is ... good pen. ... pen is black. It is on ... table. 2.1 have got ... dog. ... dog "s name is Spot. He is ... big gray dog. ... dog is very strong. 3. My friend has ... sister. Her name is Ann. ... girl is ... pupil. 4. We have ... picture in ... living-room. ... picture is very good. It is on ... wall. 5. ... Irish Sea is between ... Great Britain and. .. Ireland. 6. There is ... map on ... wall of ... classroom. It is ... map of ... world. There are many seas and lakes on ... map. This is. .. Mediterranean Sea and that is ... Red Sea. These are ... Himalayas. They are ... highest mountains in ... world. 7. We live in ... St. Petersburg. ... St. Petersburg is ... very large city. It is one of ... largest cities in ... Russia. 8. My brother is ... doctor. His flat is in ... center of ... city. It is in ... new house. There are three rooms in ... flat. ... living-room is .. largest of all. It is ... nice light room. There are ... pictures on ... walls . There is ... round table in ... middle of ... room. There is ... sofa at ... wall with ... large thick carpet in ... front of it. ... study and ... bedroom are small, but very comfortable.

Control. 38. a Insert article where necessary.

1. ... Russia occupies ... eastern half of ... Europe and ... northern third of ... Asia. 2. ... climate of ... northern part of ... Russia is severe. 3. This winter is ... true Russian winter with ... hard frosts. 4. It is warm in ... Crimea and ... Caucasus. 5. ... Washington is ... capital of ... United States of America. 6. I want to go to ... New York some day. 7. ... best way to know and understand ... people of ... other countries is to meet them in their own homes. 8. Is ... Australia ... island or ... continent? 9. ... Red Sea is between ... Africa and ... Asia. 10. There are six continents in ... world, 11. ... France is to ... north of ... Italy.

Remember the following congestion phrases:

to have a good time

from S_ morning till S _ night

all S_ day long

a lot of

Control. 40. Insert article where necessary.

1. Did you have ... good time in the country? - Oh yes. ... weather was fine. We were out of ... doors from ... morning till ... night. We played ... football, ... volley-ball and ... other games. We came ... home late at ... night and went to ... bed at once. 2. Look at ... clock! It is ... quarter past ten. Go to ... bed at once. 3. ... sun rises in ... east and sets in ... west. 4. We spent last summer in ... Ukraine, in ... little village on ... bank of ... big river with ... very warm water. There was ... wood on ... other side of ... river. We often went to ... wood and gathered ... lot of ... mushrooms. 5. My friend likes to play ... chess. He is ready to play ... chess all ... day long. He is ... best chess player in our school.

In front of the names of the universities, the article is not used.

E.g. I shall study at S_ St. Petersburg University.

My grandfather graduated from S_ Oxford University

Control. 41, Insert article where necessary.

1. Teckle comes from ... very old country on ... Nile. It is called ... Ethiopia. ... Ethiopia is ... beautiful mountainous country. Teckle is ... young man. He wants to become ... engineer. He is very happy to be ... student of ... St. Petersburg University. He spends ... lot of time at ... library reading and studying different subjects. Very often in ... evening his new friends and he walk about ... city talking about their native countries. 2. Galina lives in ... Ukraine. She lives in ... small village near ... Odessa. She is ... librarian. In summer she has ... lot of ... work: she takes ... newspapers and ... magazines to ... people who work in the fields. Galina wants to enter ... Moscow University and now she is preparing for ... entrance examinations. 3. My friend lives in ... America. He is ... student. He studies ... history at ... Harvard University.

Remember the following frozen phrase:

What "s the use?

Control. 42. Insert the article where required.

Once there lived ... man who was very fond of ... gold. He used to say: "While I have my gold, I am ... happiest man in ... world." And so all his life he saved ... money. One day he was traveling in ... desert of ... North Africa. He lost his way. He had no ... food or ... water. He was almost dying of ... hunger. He was so weak that he could not walk, he could only crawl. ... heat was terrible. There were only ... stones and ... sand around. Just then he saw ... bag lying on ... sand. He hoped that he would find ... food in it and ... water, too, He crawled up to ... bag and opened it. He saw that ... bag was full of ... gold. What is ... use of ... gold to ... hungry man in ... desert? He left ... bag on ... hot sand, crying bitterly: "I am ... most unhappy man in ... world."

Remember the following congestion phrases:

to the cinema to the theater to the shop to the market

at the cinema at the theater at the shop at the market

to go for a walk

Control ... 43. Insert the article where necessary.

1. Let "s go to ... shop. I must buy ... bread and ... milk. 2. I was at ... cinema yesterday. - What ... film did you see? - Oh, I saw ... very good film. I think it is ... best film of ... year. 3. Do you often go to ... theater? - No, I don "t. I like to go to ... theater, but I am very busy. I work from ... morning till ... night. I even have no ... time to play ... piano. 4. Oleg has ... lot of ... interesting books at ... home. 5. ... lot of ... tourists from ... different countries come to ... St. Petersburg. They want to see one of ... most beautiful cities in ... world. 6. My new friend said to me: "I am ... student of ... first course." 7. We went to ... cinema in ... evening. 8. What ... foreign languages ​​does your father speak? - He speaks__English. He studied ... English at ... school. 9. I am interested in ... history.

10. We played ... tennis at ... lesson of ... physical training yesterday. We had ... good time. 11. Did you go for ... walk yesterday? - No, we didn "t. ... weather was bad, and we went to ... cinema. 12. What are your friends doing? - Mary is playing ... piano. Tom and Nick are playing ... chess ...

Control. 44. Insert the article where necessary.

Once there lived ... king. His name was Midas. He had ... little daughter. They lived in ... beautiful palace with ... wonderful garden around it. Now ... king was very fond of ... gold. He loved ... gold more than anything else in ... world. One day, when ... king was looking at his gold, ... young man appeared before him. "You are ... very rich man, Midas," said ... young man. "Yes," said ... king, "but I would like to be richer. I would like to have ... golden touch. I want everything that I touch to turn into ... gold." ... young man was ... magician, and he gave ... king ... golden touch which he wanted to have. ... king was very happy. He touched ... table, and ... table became gold. He went into ... garden. There were ... beautiful roses in ... garden. He touched ... roses, and they also became gold. ... king "s daughter, who loved ... roses very much, saw it and began to cry." Don "t cry, ... dear daughter," said ... king and touched his daughter "s head. ... next moment ... girl turned into ... beautiful gold statue.

Control. 45. Insert the article where necessary.

Three men came to ... New York for ... holiday. They came to ... very large hotel and took ... room there. Their room was on ... forty-fifth floor. In ... evening ... friends went to ... theater and came back to ... hotel very late."I am very sorry," said ... clerk of ... hotel, "but ... lifts do not work tonight. If you don" t want to walk up to your room, we shall make ... beds for you in ... hall. " "No, no," said one of ... friends, "no, thank you. We don "t want to sleep in ... hall. We shall walk up to our room." Then he turned to his friends and said: "It is not easy to walk up to ... forty-fifth floor, but we shall make it easier. On ... way to ... room I shall tell you some jokes; then you, Andy, will sing us some songs; then you, Peter, will tell us some interesting stories. " So they began walking up to their room. Tom told them many jokes; Andy sang some songs. At last they came to ... thirty sixth floor. They were tired and decided to have ... rest. "Well," said Tom, "now it is your turn, Peter. After all ... jokes, I would like to hear ... sad story. Tell us ... long and interesting story with ... sad end. " "... story which I am going to tell you," said Peter, "is sad enough. We left ... key to our room in ... hall."

Remember the following constructions:

The famous English writer Dickens lived in the 19th century. Dickens, a famous English writer, lived in the 19th century.

Remember the following frozen phrases:

onS _ horsebackonS_ boardaship

Control. 46. ​​Insert the article where necessary.

Swift, ... famous English writer, was traveling one day on ... horseback with his servant. ... weather was bad, it was raining, and ... roads were muddy. In ... evening the two 1 men came to ... inn. Before going to ... bed Swift told his servant to clean his boots. But ... servant was lazy and did not do it. In ... morning Swift asked ... servant why he had not cleaned ... boots. "What" s ... use cleaning ... boots now? "Said ... servant." ... roads are muddy, and ... boots will soon be dirty again. "" All right, "said .. . writer. "Let" s go. We must continue ... journey. " "But I haven" t had ... breakfast, "said ... displeased servant." "Well, what" s ... use giving you ... breakfast now? "Said Swift:" You will soon be hungry again. "

Remember the following frozen phrases:

in S _ fact

the same

Remember the use of the article in exclamation sentences starting with the word "what":

What a good boy! What a long story! What a day!

1 Draw the nnimanik to use the definite article before the cardinal number. In this case, the definite article means "these": "These two men;" "These are the bottom of a man."

Control. 47. Insert the article where necessary.

In ... small town in ... East there was once .., man who had ... parrot. ... parrot was taught to say ... words: "There is no doubt about it." It used to repeat these words all ... day long. Every time it was asked ... question, it gave ... same answer, "There is no doubt about it." One day ... man decided to sell ... bird; so he put ... parrot into .., cage and went to ... market with it. "Twenty pounds for ... very clever parrot!" he cried. ... man who was passing by heard this and turned to ... parrot "Are you worth twenty pounds?" he asked. "There is no doubt about it!" answered ... parrot. "What ... clever parrot!" said ... man and bought ... bird, He took ... parrot home and invited his friends to look at ... clever bird. ... friends came and looked at ... parrot and talked to it. Now you must know that ... man was not rich. In ... fact, he was often short of ... money. So ... week or two later, sitting in ... armchair and looking at ... parrot, he said: "What ... fool I was to throw away such ... lot of ... money!" "There is no doubt about it!" cried .., parrot. And this time ... bird was right.

Remember the following congestion phrases:

it "s S_ high time to take S_ care of to take S_ aim such a ...

Control. 48. Insert article where necessary.

Crow once said to her children: "It" s ... high time for you to look for ... food. "With these words she turned them out of ... nest and took them to ... field. But. .. crow "s children did not like ... idea. "We" d rather go back to ... nest, "they cried." It "s so nice when you bring ... food to us!" "Indeed!" said their mother. "You are big enough to feed yourselves. My mother turned me out of ... nest when I was much younger, and I had to take ... care of myself." "But ... people will kill us with their guns," said ... young crows. "No ... fear of that," answered their mother. "Before ... people shoot, they take ... aim, and that takes ... time. When you see ... man raising ... gun to his face, you must just fly away." . "That" s ... simple thing to do, "said ... children," but supposing ... man or ... boy wants to throw ... stone at us: in such ... case he won "t have to take ... aim." "Well, then he will have to bend down to pick up ... stone," said ... crow. "But what if he carries ... stone in his hand ready?" "Why, if you are clever enough to think of that," said ... mother, "you are clever enough to take ... care of yourselves." And she flew away leaving ... young crows in ... field.

Control ... 49. Insert the article where required.

1. Is this ... interesting book? Is this ... very interesting book? Is this ... very interesting book you have spoken about so much? It is such ... interesting book. Is it ... same book you have recommended to us? 2. She is ... teacher. She is ... good teacher. She is ... teacher of our school. She is ... teacher of ... English. Here is ... teacher, ask her about ... question which interests you. 3. There is ... word in ... text which I cannot understand. There is ... very difficult word, too, which I cannot pro nounce. Here is ... word I was looking up in the dictionary. This word is ... adverb. 4. ... first men wore vegetarians. 5. Serfdom was abolished in ... Russia in ... 19th century. 6. Columbus, who discovered ... America, was ... native of ... Genoa, 7. ... Rome is ... ancient town. 8. ... Ireland, .., Scotland and ... Wales are parts of ... United Kingdom.

Control. 50. Insert article, where necessary.

Russia is such ... large country that when it is night in one part of ... country, it is day in another part, when it is winter in one part of ... country, it is already summer in another. Imagine it is ... beginning of ... May now. It is spring in ... St. Petersburg. ... weather is fine. It is still cool at ... night, but it is quite warm in ... afternoon. It sometimes rains, but ... rain is warm, too. ... ground is covered with ... soft green grass, and ... trees are covered with ... green leaves. But while it is spring in St. Petersburg, it is still winter in ... north of our country at ... beginning of ... May, Here it is cold and sometimes frosty, ... rivers and ... seas are covered with ... ice. ... ice does not melt in some places even in summer. ... ground is covered with ... deep snow. In ... south of our country ... weather is quite different. It is already summer in ... Caucasus and in ... Crimea. It is much warmer than in St. Petersburg. It is sometimes even hot. ... sky is usually cloudless and it seldom rains here. People wear ... summer clothes.

Control ... 51. Insert the article where required.

... train stopped at ... little station. ... passenger looked out of the window of ... train carriage and, saw ... woman selling ... cakes. ... man had not had. "... breakfast in ... morning. He was hungry and wanted to buy ... cake. ... woman was standing rather far from ... carriage. ... man did not want to go and buy ... cake himself because he was afraid to miss ... train. He saw ... boy who was walking along ... platform near ... carriage. He called ... boy and asked him: "How much does ... cake cost?" "Three pence, sir," answered ... boy. ... man gave him a sixpence and said: "Bring me ... cake, and with ... other three pence buy ... cake for yourself." ... boy took ... money and went to ... woman. A few minutes later ... boy returned. He was eating ... cake. He gave ... man three pence change and said: "... woman had only one cake, sir."

Remember the following frozen phrase:

The fact is (was) that ...

Note the use of the article with the word other:

another - another (indefinite), some other, one more (in the plural or before an uncountable noun - other.)

theother - the other (specific), the other, the other of the two.

Control. 52. Insert the article where necessary.

Group of ... farmers were sitting in ... village house, and among ... other things they began talking about ... echoes. One of ... farmers said that there was ... wonderful echo in ... field near his farm where there was ... large group of ... trees. All ... other farmers said that they would like to hear ... echo, and ... farmer invited them to come ... next afternoon. But ... fact was that ... farmer did not really have ... echo he had told ... other farmers about. So when he came ... home, he sent for ... son of ... cook and told him to go to ... field, hide himself among ... trees and imitate everything that was said. ... next day ... other farmers came, and ... farmer took them to ... field to listen to ... wonderful echo. When they were in ... field, he shouted at ... top of his yoice: "Are you there?" The answer came back: "Yes, I" ve been here for two hours! "

Control. 53. Insert the article where necessary.

It was ... nice summer day. ... weather was fine, ... sun was shining in ... blue sky, ... air was fragrant with ... smell of ... grass and ... flowers. ... dog which was running about ... streets of ... little town saw ... butcher "s ... stall with ... lot of ... meat. ... dog cautiously approached ... stall and, when ... butcher turned away to talk to ... woman, quickly seized ... big piece of ... meat and ran away with it. On ... way home ... dog had to cross .. . stream by ... narrow bridge. As he was crossing, £ he looked down into ... stream and saw his reflec- | tion in ... water. He though it was ... other dogf with ... other piece of ... meat. He snapped at ... reflection and dropped his own piece of ... meat. That "s how ... dog was punished for ... greediness.

Remember the following congestion phrases:

after a while

from S place to S place

Control. 54. Insert article where necessary.

Guide was once showing ... group of ... rich American tourists ... places of ... interest in ... little town in ... south of ... Italy. He took ... tourists from ... place to ... place, but as ... town was small, after ... while ... guide could not think of anything that might be of ... interest to. .. Americans. "Tell us something unusual about ... weather or ... climate of this place," said ... American lady to ... guide. "What can I tell her about our climate?" thought ... guide. Then he had ... idea. "Well," he said, "there is one unusual thing about our climate. One can easily notice that the wind here always blows from ... west." "Really?" said ... lady in ... surprised tone: "What ... interesting thing!" But ... other tourist said: "You must be wrong. Look! ... wind is blowing from ... east now!" At ... first moment ... guide did not know what to say. But he was ... clever man and soon found ... way out. "Oh," he said, "is that so? Well, then it must be ... west wind coming back."

Remember the following frozen phrases:

It was S _ morning

It was night

It was S_ daytime

Itwasevening

Control. 55. Insert the article where necessary.

Once ... Frenchman was traveling in ... Sweden. He stopped at ... hotel in ... little Swedish town. It was ... evening, ... man was tired, so he went to ... bed at once. In ... morning he had ... breakfast in ... hotel restaurant. After ... breakfast he went for ... walk. He walked along ... streets of ... town, visited ... museum and ... shops. Presently he felt hungry and dropped into ... cafe for ... lunch. He sat down at ... table, called ... waiter and ordered ... mushrooms. But ... Frenchman did not know ... Swedish and ... waiter did not know ... French. Nobody in ... cafe could speak... French. Then ... Frenchman took ... piece of ... paper and ... pencil and drew the picture of ... mushroom. ... waiter looked at ... picture and left ... room at once. Five minutes later he returned with ... umbrella.

Remember the following congestion phrases:

at S_ sunrise at S_ sunset

in the country to the country

by S_ bus by S_ tram by S_ train by S_ car

in S_ town to S_ town

Control. 56. Insert the article where necessary.

On ... Sunday our family went to ... country. We got up at ... sunrise and quickly had ... breakfast. After ... breakfast we left ... home. There is ... little village not far from ... St. Petersburg where we have ... friends. We went thereby ... train. We had, .. very good time in ... country. ... weather was fine. ... sky was blue and ... sun was shining. We stayed out of ... doors all ... day long. We played ... volley-ball and ... tennis. We returned to ... town late in ... evening. When we came ... home, we had ... supper and went to ... bed at once.

Remember the following frozen phrases:

in S _ spring in S summer

in S_ autumn in S winter

Exercise, 57. Insert the article where necessary.

Look at ... sky. It is covered with ... dark clouds. Let "s hurry ... home. 2. It was very pleasant to live in ... country in ... summer. ... weather was fine and it seldom rained. Summer is ... fine season. 3. How lovely ... night is! There are no ... clouds in ... sky and ... air is so fresh, 4. When spring comes, ... sun shines brighter, ... snow melts, ... days become longer. 5. Winter is ... good time for sports. 6. On ... Sunday my friend and I usually go to ... country. We ski, skate, play ... snowballs and have ... very good time. 7. ... fog is so dense that it is difficult to walk. 8. My friend is ... very good chess-player. 9. In ... summer we lived in ... country and went up to ... town by ... train. 10. Tomorrow is ... Sunday. If it is too hot in ... town, we shall go to ... country. And on ... Monday we shall come back.

Control. 58. Insert the article where necessary.

Mr. Jones was ... teacher of ... physics at ... school, He was fond of the experimental method in ... physics and often told his pupils to use this method. One day Mr. Jones came to ... school on ... new bicycle. ... bicycle had ... pair of ... pneumatic tires, which had just been invented, and none of ... pupils had ever seen them. During ... lesson ... teacher took ... pupils into ... school yard and showed them ... new invention. "Now, ... children," he said, "who can tell me what is inside this tire that makes it so hard and yet so elastic? "... boys touched ... tires." ... cotton-wool, "said one of them." ... steel springs, "said ... other." Oh no, " said ... teacher, "you are wrong." Suddenly ... little boy, who was standing beside ... bicycle, cried out, looking very happy: "I know what it is! There "s ... wind inside." Mr. Jones smiled and said: "You are" "Well, I used ... experimental method," said ... boy: "I stuck ... nail into ... tire, and some wind came out of it." For ... first time in his life Mr. Jones did not like ... use of ... experimental method.

Control. 59. Insert the article where necessary.

1. I bought ... new hat yesterday. ... shop-assistant said it was ... latest style. 2. I want to ask you to accompany rne to ... shop. I must buy ... dress. 3. Where did you buy this overcoat? - I bought it at ... big store in Nevsky Prospect on ... Tuesday. 4. My sister bought ... blue hat on ... Wednesday. ... color suits her very nicely as she has got ... blue eyes. 5. I must buy ... pair of ... new gloves. 6. Where is ... shoe department? - It is on ... third floor, 7. I think ... coat is a little tight. 8. We came to ... big store to find out if we could have ... suit made to order. 9. I don "t like ... hat you have chosen. ... color is not becoming to you. 10. Here is ... department of ready-made clothes. Let" s go in and see if we can buy ... nice pair of ... trousers for you. 11. I am going to give him ... tie as ... birthday present.

Control. 60. Insert the article where necessary.

I knew ... man who had traveled very much in his life. He had visited many ... countries in ... east and in ... west. He loved ... children and often told them ... interesting stories. I remember some of ... stories which he told me. One of ... stories was about ... adventure he had in ... London. He was ... young man at that time and was interested in ... history of ... architecture. One day he visited one of ... towers of ... Houses of ... Parliament. He came out on to ... balcony of ... tower and began to look at ... ornaments on ... walls. Then he climbed up on ... roof. Suddenly ... man came running to him and seized him by ... arm. He began shouting something in ... English, but my friend knew only a few words of ... English and did not understand him. ... Englishman called ... policeman. ... fact was that he thought that ... Russian tourist wanted to kill himself by jumping from ... top of ... tower. Later, when everything became clear, they laughed ... lot over it.

Control. 61. Insert the article where necessary.

1. Everyone in our country knows Lomonosov, .. founder of ... first Russian university. 2. Nekras-ov. ... famous Russian poet, described ... life of ... Russian peasants. 3. I don "t want to miss ... concert which will take place at ... Philharmonic on.,. 15th of ... April. 4. He graduated from ... university six years ago. Now he is. .. scientist. And though he is ... young scientist, his name is well known. 5. My aunt is ... teacher of ... physics. 6, Yesterday I read ... book by Dickens, ... famous English writer. 7. I am sorry, I don "t know ... way to ... nearest cafe: I am ... stranger here myself. 8. ... town I was born in is on ... Volga. 9. Who is ... author of this book? 10. ... quarter of ... hour was left before ... beginning of ... concert. We entered ... hall and saw ... group of ... pupils of our school. We joined them. 11. During ... vacation I attended some interesting lectures. I remember two of ... lectures best of all. They were about ... Russian music. 12. I am sure he won "t stay in ... town for ... vacation. 13. Two weeks are left before ... end of ... school year. ... examinations are coming. On ... first of ... June we shall take ... examination in ... literature. 14. Today is my day off. I am going to spend ... day in ... country. 15. My brother brought ... new book yesterday. When I looked at ... title, I was very glad: it was ... book which I had wanted to get for ... long time. 16. My sister is acquainted with ... actor who played ... leading part in ... play you saw yesterday. 17. "What ... river is ... longest in ... Europe?" "Why, what ... strange question to ask! Any schoolboy can tell you that it is ... Volga. "18. I am afraid you will have ... lot of ... trouble with this business. 19. ... day was not bright yesterday. ... sky was covered with ... clouds.

Control. 62. Insert the article where necessary.

English king Richard the Lion Heart was ... tall, strong man. He was very proud of his strength and liked to show ... people how strong he was. Once, as he was riding on ... horseback in ... coun try-side, his horse lost ... shoe. Luckily he was not far from ... village and soon he found ... blacksmith. "Give me ... good horseshoe," he said to ... man. ... blacksmith gave ... king ... horseshoe. Richard took it in his hand and broke it in two. "This horseshoe is no good," he said, "give me ... better one." ... blacksmith did not say ... word. He gave ... king ... other horseshoe, but Richard broke it, too. The blacksmith gave him a third shoe. This time Richard was satisfied and ordered ... black- smith to shoe his horse. When ... work was done, Richard offered ... man ... coin. ... blacksmith took ... coin between his fingers and broke it in two. Now it was Richard "s turn to be surprised. He took ... larger coin out of his pocket and handed it to ... blacksmith. ... man broke it, too, saying:" This coin is no good, give me ... better one. "Richard smiled and gave ... man ... gold coin.

Remember the following congestion phrases:

to go on S_ strike to be on S_ strike

Control. 63. Insert the article where necessary.

Many years ago ... London theater performed ... play in which there was ... great storm on the sea. In those days ... theaters had no ... machines. That is why ... manager engaged ... several boys to make ... waves of ... sea. They jumped up and down under ... big piece of ... sea-green cloth. ... boys received ... shilling ... night for their work. They worked for ... several weeks. But then ... manager decided to pay them less ... money - only six pence ... night. So ... boys decided to go on .., strike. During ... performance, when ... storm be gan, when ... wind blew and it was raining, ... sea remained calm - there was not ... single wave on it. ... angry manager lifted one corner of ... "sea" and said to ... boys: "Make ... waves, ... boys, make ... waves!" "Do you want ... waves for ... shilling or for sixpence?" asked ... boy in ... loud voice, "Oh, for ... shilling," answered ... manager. ... boys began to jump up and down, and did it so well, that ... storm looked quite real

Remember the following frozen phrase:

to set S sail

Control. 64. Insert article where necessary.

In ... fifteenth century ... people knew only three continents: ... Europe, ... Asia and ... Africa. They knew nothing about such ... big continent as ... America. ... man who discovered ... America was born in 1451 in ... Italy. His name was Christopher Columbus. He became ... sailor at ... early age. Knowing that ... earth was round, he decided to reach ... India sailing to ... west. He tried to arrange ... expedition, but did not have ... money, and nobody wanted to help him. At last ... king of ... Spain gave him ... money for ... expedition. He set ... sail in 1492. ... voyage was very dangerous and difficult. On ... 12th of ... October his ship reached ... land. When they landed, they saw ... strange trees and ... flowers. ... men and ... women with ... olive-colored skins gathered around ... sailors and looked at them with ... great surpriseColumbus was sure that he had discovered ... new way to ... India. Some time later ... other sailor reached ... America. ... name of ... sailor was Amerigo Vespucci. He understood that it was ... new continent.

Control ... 65. Insert the article where required.

1. My brother read to me ... extract from ... book which he had brought ... day before. ... main character of ... book is ... young doctor who went to ... distant village in ... Siberia. 2. ... weather was very bad in ... October. 3. When he came into ... room, he saw ... man sitting on ... sofa. He at once remembered that it was ... man he had seen

at ... theater ... night before. 4. Yesterday I saw ... film you are speaking about. 5. He took ... taxi and gave ... address to ... driver. 6. Tower Bridge is ... first bridge over ... Thames coming from ... sea. Built in 1894, it is ... suspension-bridge. ... central portion of it can be opened to admit ... ships to ... docks in this part of ... river. When ... ship arrives, ... traffic is stopped and ... great bridge opens in ... center: its two halves go up into ... air and ... ship passes through.

Control. 66. Insert the article where necessary.

Room in which ... boys were fed was ... large stone hall, with ... copper at one end, out of which ... cook took ... gruel which he put into each bowl at ... meal- times. Each boy had one portion of ... gruel, and no more, and on ... Sundays they had two ounces and ... quarter of ... bread besides. ... bowls never needed washing - ... boys polished them with their spoons till they shone again. At last ... boys got so wild with ... hunger that one boy said he was afraid he would some night eat ... boy who slept. next to him. ... boys believed him. ... council was held. Oliver was chosen to go up to ... cook that evening after ... supper and ask for more. ... evening arrived, and ... boys took their places. ... cook stood at ... copper. ... gruel was served out and disappeared. Then Oliver rose from ... table and advancing to ... cook, said in ... weak voice: "Please, sir, I? Want some more." ... cook was ... healthy man, but he turned pale. "What?" said he in ... trembling voice. ... man could not believe his ears.

Control. 67. Insert the article where necessary.

Africa is ... very large continent lying to ... south of ... Europe and to ... south-west of ... Asia to which it is joined by ... Isthmus of Suez. Less than one hundred years ago ... men knew almost nothing of ... middle of ... continent. ... travelers from ... Europe made ... long journeys into ... center but they met with ... terrible difficulties, for ... continent is covered with ... forests full of ... fearful wild animals ... Some travelers died of .., hunger or ... thirst or ... strange illnesses, ... others were killed by ... lions, still ... others by ... natives; but nevertheless bold men were found ready to go along ... rivers into ... heart of ... Africa. The merchants who came from ... European countries had much to sell, and here were ... millions of ... people ready to buy; here was ... country, ... richness of which was unimaginable.

Remember the following frozen phrase:

therestofthe ...

Control. 68. Insert article where necessary.

In the old days it was necessary for all ... parts of ... city to be close together, in order that ... defensive wall might surround it, and ... streets, therefore, were made as narrow as possible. Many ... European cities began with ... walls round them. But in ... America there was little need for ... defensive walls, and that "s why many ... American cities have been built on ... regular plan, modified a little according to ... natural surroundings,. . streets in ... American cities, instead of having ... names, are numbered, and so when one has once understood ... plan of ... American city, it is very easy to find one "s way from one part of it to ... other. ... old part of ... New York lies in ... southern half of ... Manhattan Island, and there ... streets are narrow and twisted, as in ... towns of. ... old world. But ... rest of ... streets, with but few exceptions, all run in ... straight lines. There is ole street in ... city, however, that does not follow ... straight line. And that is Broadway, ... New York "s most famous street. It starts within sight of ... dancing waters of ... harbor and runs between tall skyscrapers in ... north-western direction. This great street is. .. longest in ... world.

Remember the following congestion phrases:

in a day in a week

in a month in a year

Control. 69. Insert the article where necessary.

"Is there ... post-office near ... house you live in?" "

"Yes, there is. Go t6 ... corner of ... street along which ... trams run. Then turn to ... left and walk ... I short distance down ... street. Do not cross. .. street, of course. You will see ... sign over ... door which says "Post-and-Telegraph Office."

"Thank you very much. I am sure I shall find if without ... difficulty. I must buy ... stamps, send ... telegram and ask whether they receive ... parcels there. I want to send ... parcel to ... old friend, It will be her birthday in ... week. Perhaps you can tell me where I can find ... shop that sells ... nice things that one can give as ... presents? "

"Yes, certainly. There" s ... very good shop not "far from here. You can easily walk there in a few minutes. Go straight down ... street that you will see directly in ... front of you when you come out of ... Post-office till you. come to ... wide street along which ... buses and ... trolley-buses run. Then turn to ... left again and almost immediately you will come to ... beautiful shop with ... big windows full of all sorts of ... things. I am sure you will find ... nice presents there. "

Remember the following congestion phrases:

for S_ life a great deal

Control. 70. Insert the article where necessary.

Until near ... end of ... 19th century it was the law in ... England that if ... man was unable to pay ... debt, even ... small one, he could be imprisoned. This imprisonment might very well be for ... life, as it was impossible for ... people in prison to work at their ordinary occupations and so make ... money to repay ... sum they had borrowed. If they had ... friends who could bring them ... materials to work with, they might work with their hands, sewing or making ... boots, for instance.

Great English novelist Charles Dickens knew ... great deal about the debtors "prisons from personal experience, for when he was about ten, his father was imprisoned for debt, and ... whole family had to go arid live with him in .. . prison because they had nowhere else to live. ... mother and ... children, however, could leave ... place when they wished; but at ten o "clock every evening ... great gates were shut for the night , and no one could leave or enter until morning. Dickens described ... life in the debtors "prisons in some of his novels. It was largely because of Dickens" sharp criticism that ... English Government was finally forced to do away with ... debtors "prisons.

Control. 71. Insert the article where necessary,

At ... beginning of ... 19th century ... little boy was born in ... family of John Dickens, ... clerk at ... office in ... Portsmouth, and was named Charles. He had ... sister who was older than himself, arid there were several other children in ... family. When Charles was seven, he was sent to ... school. He was not ... strong child. He did not like to play ... cricket or .. football and spent all his free time reading. In 1821 ... family went to ... London, and little Charles left behind him ... happiest years of his childhood. His father was in ... money difficulties, and ... family became poorer and poorer. ... boy hadto give up his studios. Mr. Dickens was put into ... debtors "prison. Little Charles learned to know all., Horrors and cruelty of ... large capitalist city. He had to go to work at ... blacking factory. He worked there from ... morning till ... night. When his father came out of prison, Charles was sent to ... school for some time. Soon he got work as ... clerk. Then he learned ... stenography and became ... reporter ; in Parliament. In 1836 at ... age of 24 Charles Dick-1 en? published his first book. It was ... collection of ... stories. ... title of ... book was "Sketches by Boz . "There were followed by" Pickwick Papers "and" Oliver Twist "and many other famous novels. Charles Dickens is one of ... greatest writers of ... 19th. Century. His novels are now translated into most languages ​​of .. . world.

Ex. 72. Insert article where necessary.

Control ... 73. Insert the article where required.

1. George Bernard Shaw, ... well-known English playwright, was born in ... Ireland in 1856. He was ... son of ... clerk and had to begin working at ... early age. At ... age of twenty he moved to ... London where he became ... journalist.

2 .... play "Widowers" Houses "shows ... egoism and hypocrisy of some businessmen who got their profits from ... London slums where ... poorest people lived.

3. While traveling in .. *. Germany Harry Trench, ... young English doctor, got acquainted with Mr. Sartorius, ... respectable-looking gentleman, and his daughter Blanche. ... young people fell in love with each other and were going to get married. Trench knew that Sartorius was rich, but he did not know what ... kind of ... property he had. Helearned about it from ... conversation with Lickcheese, Sartorius "rent collector. It turned out that Sartorius was ... owner of some tenement houses in the London slums, and that all ... property he had was built by getting ... money out of ... poor people who lived there. Trench was greatly shocked. He did not want to take ... money from Blanche "s ialher. But Blanche said she could not live on ...small income Trench had. They had ... quarrel, and Trench left ... house. After some time Trench learned that ... land on which Sartorius "houses were built belonged to Trench "s aunt and that he himself was living on ... money got in ... same way. Everything comes out" all-right "in ... end: Trench marries Blanche and becomes ... partner in Sartorius "business. The author shows that in ... fact Trench is no better than Sartorius, Lickcheese and the like.

Control. 74. Insert article where necessary.

During ... American War of ... Independence, ... commander of ... small unit of soldiers was giving ... orders to his men about ... heavy cannon that they were trying to lift to its place at. .. top of some fortifications. It was almost beyond their power to lift ... weight, and ... commander kept shouting ... encouraging words. ... officer, not in uniform, was passing by, and he asked ... commander why he did not help ... soldiers. Greatly surprised, ... man turned round and said proudly: "Sir, I am ... corporal!" "Oh, you are, are you?" replied ... officer: "I did not know that. I beg your pardon, Mr. Corporal." Then he got off ... horse he was riding and, taking hold of ... rope that ... men were pulling at, he pulled with all his strength. And when ... cannon was in its place, he turned to ... little great man and said: "Mr. Corporal, when you have ... other job like this and have not enough ... men, send for your commander-in-chief, and I shall gladly come and help you. " ... corporal was struck with ... astonishment. ... man who had helped his soldiers was George Washington.

Control. 75. Insert the article where necessary.

Robert Burns, ... son of ... small farmer in Ayrshire, was born on ... 25th of ... January, 1759. His parents were poor, so that Burns could not get a good education. He worked hard as ... plow boy. He was fond of reading and always had ... ballad-book before him at ... dinner. After ... death of his father Robert and his brother and sisters took over ... farm together. Working in ... fields Burns wrote many wonderful songs. However, things became so bad on ... farm, that ... poet decided to go to ... Jamaica hoping to get ... job on ... plantation there. Luckily some friends helped Burns to publish ... book of poems. ... book was noticed and praised highly. In 1786 Burns went to ... Edinburgh, and his book of poems unlocked ... doors of ... rich Edinburgh houses to a peasant with such a wonderful talent. In 1788 he married Jean Armor and spent ... peaceful and happy year. ... rest of his life-story is ... tale of ... poet "s hardships. ... hard life ruined ... poet" s health, and on ... 21st of ... July, 1796 he died at ... age of thirty-seven.