The gates of the museum of the Ostankino estate from. Estate "Ostankino" - country residence of "Russian Croesus

Despite all its luxury and splendor, the building of the Ostankino Palace was built entirely of wood. At the same time, the palace in Ostankino is not at all like rural estates, and could well take its rightful place on the most beautiful streets of Moscow.

Ostankino. Plans for the first and second floors of the palace. Measurement I. Golosov

Only the large size of the building, designed to accommodate everything that is required for a wide aristocratic life, reminds that this is a rural estate. The palace was built and decorated over a period of one decade, which gives it extraordinary unity and integrity. Its project was developed by several remarkable architects, including such stars as M. Kazakov, D. Quarenghi, and D. Gilardi. In the central part of the palace, one can see the creative genius of M.F. Kazakov, it is easy to recognize the style of Quarenghi in the side wings, while Gilardi made minor additions after the palace was finished. The serf architects of the Sheremetevs - A. Mironov, G. Dikushin and A. Argunov were also involved in the work on the project of the palace.

Kazakov Matvey Fedorovich

Giacomo Antonio Domenico Quarenghi

Domenico Gilardi

In terms of its composition, the Ostankino Palace is built in the shape of the letter P ("peace") with a ceremonial courtyard, which is very traditional for estates of that time. The side wings are connected to the central building by one-story galleries, which emphasize the elegant splendor of the portico on the central part of the house. The dome towering above all this gives the entire building an extraordinary completeness and harmony. From the side of the garden facade, the building looks no less majestic. This is facilitated by the ten-column portico-loggia, which covers the entire second floor. The marble bas-relief completing the sonorous chord of the columns is made in the Greek style. Under the hot southern sun, the marble would have had dramatic effects, the dark shadows would have stood out even more sharply against the brilliance of the illuminated parts. In the gloomy Russian light, the shadows of the bas-relief acquire an unusually delicate harmony, their light mother-of-pearl-gray tints are wonderfully combined with the damp Moscow sky and the fadedness of the surrounding nature. Despite all the classicism of its forms, the Ostankino Palace is distinguished by its extraordinary elegance and luxury. And no wonder, because he could not but reflect the spirit of abundance and pretentiousness that prevailed in architecture and art throughout the 18th century. The count himself meticulously delved into the smallest details of the construction of his brainchild. I often consulted and argued with my architects. As a result, Ostankino does not look like the creation of one master, but it remarkably reflects the era and the understanding of beauty that united all the masters of the late 18th century.

Ostankino Palace of Count Sheremetyev

The Ostankino Estate Museum in Moscow is a unique architectural monument of the 18th century in the northern part of the capital. Located close to the center, it attracts with the strict forms of classic architecture, the beauty of the palace interiors and the silence of the old park. The Ostankino Estate Museum in Moscow belongs to the protected natural zone of the capital.

Photo - D. Kozakov Boyar patrimony with a pond (XVI century), the Church of the Holy Life-Giving Trinity (XVII century), a manor house and an oak grove at the end of the XVIII century becomes a palace-pack ensemble, a ceremonial summer residence of Count N.P. Sheremeteva

On the site of the modern estate Ostankino (originally Ostashkovo) 400 years ago there were dense forests, in which a few villages were scattered. In these places, the royal huntsmen often hunted bears and elks, for which the nearby lands were named "Losiny Ostrov", "Elk", "Medvedkovo".

The first written mention of the village and its owner dates back to 1558. Ivan the Terrible gave these lands into the possession of the servant Alexei Satin, who was executed by him during the years of the oprichnina. The well-known diplomat, clerk of the embassy order Vasily Shchelkalov was appointed the new owner of the estate. Under him Ostankino became a real estate (late 16th - early 17th centuries). Shchelkanov builds a boyar house with a settlement of business people, the wooden Trinity Church. At the same time, a large pond was dug, a vegetable garden was laid out, and an oak grove was planted.

After the Time of Troubles, the ruined estate was restored by new owners - the princes of Cherkassk, in addition, they built a beautiful stone church in honor of the Life-Giving Trinity on the site of a burnt-out wooden church with a five-domed church, with two side-altars, three hipped porches and a bell tower with a high spire. (now crowned with a tent).

Ostankino has been associated with the Sheremetevs' surname since 1743, when Count Pyotr Borisovich Sheremetev married Princess Varvara Alekseevna Cherkasskaya, the only daughter of the Cherkasskys. As a dowry, she received 24 estates, including Ostankino, and the young owner himself, who owned the Kuskovo estate, in Ostankino creates an orchard, breaks up a park, builds new mansions.

After the death of Sheremetev Sr. (1788), his son Nikolai Petrovich Sheremetev entered the rights of the heir, to whom not only the Ostankino estate passed, but also the father's possessions in 17 provinces with 200 thousand peasants, with prosperous villages in which the peasants were engaged in artistic crafts.

The young Count Sheremetev was one of the richest and most enlightened aristocrats of his time: he knew several foreign languages, studied abroad, traveled to many European countries, getting acquainted with literature and art, and collected a large library.

Upon his arrival in Russia, he conceived to create in Ostankino a Palace of Arts with a theater, art galleries, with richly decorated ceremonial rooms and halls, open to both domestic and foreign guests. He saw in this a service not only to personal needs, but also to all-Russian glory.

The palace was built from 1791 to 1798. Architects Giacomo Quarenghi, Francesco Camporesi, as well as Russian architects E. Nazarov and serf architect P. Argunov took part in its design. The construction was carried out by serfs, who were led by the responsible architects A. Mironov, G. Dikushin, P. Bizyaev. The interiors were also designed by serf artists: decorator G. Mukhin, artist N. Argunov, carvers F. Pryakhin and I. Mochalin, parquet flooring workers F. Pryadchenko, E. Chetverikov. The finishing of the building was completed by P. Argunov.

The Ostankino Palace was built in the style of classicism. Monumental and majestic, it seemed to be built of stone, although wood served as the material for it.

The overall composition of the palace is based on a scheme in the form of the letter "P" with a ceremonial courtyard. The building is designed in classical symmetry. A large dome crowns the central part of the building, decorated with three classic porticos: the central one and two side ones. The pavilions on both sides (Italian and Egyptian) are connected to the main building by one-story galleries.

The main room in the center of the palace is the theater hall. It should be noted that the count created an unusual theater where serfs received a good acting education from famous Russian and foreign artists. The musical part was in charge of the composer, conductor and singing teacher Ivan Degtyarev, the complex mechanisms of the stage were controlled by Fyodor Pryakhin.

All this was created by masters of gold - the serf craftsmen of the count, who recruited the most talented peasants in different villages, sent them to study at the Academy of Arts and even in Italy.

In 1801, Sheremetev left for St. Petersburg forever, marrying the young, but already famous actress of her theater, Praskovya Ivanovna Kovaleva-Zhemchugova, the daughter of a serf blacksmith, not recognized in the world and died of consumption at 34 after the birth of her son Dmitry. Soon the count himself dies. Their son was brought up by the ballerina of the same theater T.V. Shlykova-Granatova.

The interiors of the state rooms have retained their original decor and decoration. Lighting fixtures made of crystal, bronze and gilded carved wood give the halls a special elegance. The decoration of the Ostankino interiors is inlaid art parquet.

From June to September, the traditional festival "Sheremetev Seasons" is held at the Ostankino Theater, continuing the musical and theatrical traditions of the estate. Staging of operas and ballets of the 18th century, various concert programs performed in the hall of the historical theater, provide an opportunity to feel the theatrical purpose of the Ostankino Palace, immerse yourself in the atmosphere of manor holidays

Sculptures and moldings of the facade of the Sheremetyevsky Palace

Church in Ostankino
The Church of the Life-Giving Trinity (1678-1692) was built of red brick. The facades of the building are decorated with multicolored tiles depicting flowers, fantastic birds and animals, white stone carvings, and figured brickwork. In the central part of the church there is an iconostasis with icons of the 17th-18th centuries

Ostankino remained the family estate of the Sheremetevs until 1917. After the revolution of 1917, the estate was nationalized and functioned as a museum-estate, and since 1938 - as a museum of serfs' creativity. Since then, a lot of scientific work on the restoration and restoration of the palace has been constantly carried out here, catalogs of its collections are being created.

As a public museum, the Ostankino estate was opened for visitors on May 1, 1919 at the initiative of the Department for Museums and the Protection of Art and Antiquities of the People's Commissariat for Education. Now the museum is undergoing a comprehensive scientific restoration. Every year from May 18 to September 30, the part of the palace open for display is included in a sightseeing tour of the estate

The Ostankino Palace was built of Siberian pine with external plastering and interior decoration (1792-1798) in the style of Russian classicism. Architects: Camporezi, Starov, Brenna. The modest decor of the plastered walls consists of plaster bas-reliefs on mythological themes, the wall niches are "enlivened" by sculptural images of the heroes of ancient mythology associated with the cult of Dionysus and Apollo

Its plastered walls seem to be stone. The pale pink color of the palace facade bore the poetic name "the color of a nymph at dawn". This exquisite color and white columns created a sense of purity. The harmony of lines and the beauty of the interiors have fascinated guests for several centuries.

The main façade is decorated with a majestic six-column Corinthian portico, set on the ledge of the first floor. The facade facing the park is decorated with a ten-column Ionic loggia. The outer walls of the palace are decorated with bas-reliefs by sculptors F. Gordeev and G. Zamaraev. The most important part of the palace is the theater hall, connected by closed galleries with the Egyptian and Italian pavilions, which were used for ceremonial receptions and theatrical performances

Theater of the Ostankino Estate Museum

At that time, one of the fashionable fun was the theater. Passion for the theater at N.P. Sheremetev grew into his life's work. According to the Count's plan, the Ostankino Palace was to become the Pantheon of Arts, in which the theater reigns. The theater was opened in 1795 with the opera by I. Kozlovsky to the words of A. Potemkin "Taking Ishmael or Zelmir and Smelon". The theater troupe consisted of about 200 actors, singers and musicians. The repertoire included ballet, operas and comedies.

Wind machine

Thunder Machine
Not only works by Russian authors were staged, but also works by French and Italian composers. Count Sheremetev organized celebrations in honor of high persons, which were usually accompanied by a performance with the participation of talented actors. The serf actress Praskovya Zhemchugova, a talented singer, shone on the stage of the theater.

The last holiday in honor of Emperor Alexander I took place in 1801. The theater was soon disbanded and the owners left the palace. The theater hall has survived to this day in its "ballroom" form, but even today ancient operas are staged here and chamber orchestras sound. The hall remains the best acoustic hall in the capital. It is built in the shape of a horseshoe, which provides good visibility from all locations and excellent acoustics. The hall is decorated in blue and pink colors and can accommodate up to 250 spectators.

Auditorium
The auditorium was small, but decorated with great grace. The amphitheater was separated from the parterre by a balustrade, behind which, between the Corinthian columns, the mezzanine loggias were located, and above them, under the very ceiling, the upper gallery. The halls of the palace were intended for the foyer and were used as concert and banquet halls: the Egyptian hall, the Italian hall, the Crimson living room, the art gallery, the concert hall, etc. They can be called ceremonial rooms with crystal chandeliers, parquet floors, paintings, gilded stucco molding, stylish furniture , wall upholstery with silk, paintings, prints, sculptures. Even small corner rooms and transitional galleries were luxuriously decorated.

Theater ceiling

The two-story theater is located in the center of the palace and is surrounded by a system of ceremonial halls. A kind of theatrical version of classicism was used in the design of the ceremonial halls. The interiors are decorated with fabrics, gilding and wood carving, painting on paper.

Interior decoration

The interior decoration of the palace surprises with its elegance and simplicity. Most of the decor is made of wood imitating marble, bronze and other materials. The main type of decoration of the halls is gilded carving. Most of the carved decor was made by the carver P. Spol. It is especially beautiful in the Italian pavilion.

Egyptian Hall

Patterned parquet of rare wood, walls upholstered with satin and velvet. The ceremonial rooms of the palace are famous for the gilded furniture of the 18th and early 19th centuries, made by Russian and European masters. Lamps, wall decorations and other decorations were often made especially for the Ostankino Palace. All items are in their places and have come down to us in their original state. As an eyewitness wrote: "... everything glitters with gold, marbles, statues, vases."

Egyptian Hall
There is also a collection of portraits from the 18th and 19th centuries. works of famous masters, as well as rare canvases by unknown artists. Unfortunately, out of thirty genuine antique sculptures, only five have survived to this day. Therefore, the palace sculpture is mainly represented by copies. Also preserved are the works of Western European sculptors Canova and Lemoine, Boiseau and Triscorny. Among the porcelain items, items from the Cherkassky collection have been preserved. These are products of Japanese and Chinese porcelain of the 16-18th centuries. You can also see the collection of fans from the collection of the famous collector F.E. Vishnevsky
.

2nd floor balcony

Ostankino park

Together with the construction of the palace, N.P. Sheremetev set up a regular French-style park, and later he created a landscape park. The regular park was the main part of the so-called Amusement Garden, which also included the parterre and the "Parnassus" mound, "Own Garden" and a cedar grove. The amusement garden was located next to the palace. The part of the grove closest to the estate (the so-called Supplementary Garden) was turned into the English Park. An English gardener worked on the creation of a natural landscape garden. 5 artificial ponds were created. In the garden there were oaks and lindens, maple and various shrubs - hazel, honeysuckle and viburnum. The Sculpture Park is located along Botanicheskaya Street. There are flower beds, two pavilions with columns, a stage and an open gallery.

The museum is actively involved in exhibition work, presenting temporary exhibitions from its own funds both in the palace and outside it. The theater, part of the ceremonial halls and the park are open for visitors. Today, the Ostankino Museum-Estate in Moscow is a unique palace and park ensemble with the only wooden theater building in Russia from the late 18th century

North-East of Moscow. Years. Developments. People (hands of the author's collection K.A.Averyanov). M., 2012.S. 325 - 342. ISBN 978-5-9904122-1-7.
Ostankino - article from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia
Ostankino - an article from the New Encyclopedic Dictionary of Fine Arts
Glozman I.M., Rapoport V.L., Semenova I.G. Kuskovo. Ostankino. Arkhangelskoe. - M .: Art, 1976 .-- 207 p. - (Cities and museums of the world).

Foundation and establishment of the estate

The first mention of the village dates back to 1558, but the history of the estate dates back to 1584. This year, the custodian of the state seal, clerk Vasily Shchelkalov, who at that time owned the village of Ostankino, is building a boyar house in it, planting a grove and laying a wooden church. The buildings created by Shchelkalov were destroyed during the Time of Troubles, and only the pond he created has survived to this day.

Manor "Ostankino", 18th century. photo: Ghirlandajo, Public Domain

The estate, the boyar house and the Trinity Church are being restored by Prince Cherkassky, to whom Ostankino was granted by Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich in 1601. The nephew of Prince Yakov, who inherited the land, has been equipping hunting grounds in Ostankino since 1642, and his son, Mikhail Yakovlevich, instead of a dilapidated wooden church erects a stone one, and orders to plant a cedar grove. By the beginning of the 18th century, the estate became one of the most beautiful in the Moscow region. In 1743, the granddaughter of Mikhail Yakovlevich, Princess Varvara Alekseevna, the only daughter of the Chancellor of the Russian Empire, Prince Alexei Mikhailovich Cherkassky, one of the richest brides in Moscow, married Count Pyotr Borisovich Sheremetev, the Ostankino estate is part of the dowry.

, Public Domain

Since Pyotr Borisovich lived in his family estate in Kuskovo, Ostankino was mainly used for economic purposes. Despite this, on his instructions, a park was laid out, greenhouses and greenhouses were built, and the house was partially rebuilt.

Creation of the palace-theater

In 1788, after the death of his father, the estate was inherited by his son Nikolai Petrovich.

unknown, Public Domain

XVIII-XIX centuries

The ensemble took shape over several centuries and was finally formed under Count N.P.Sheremetev at the turn of the 18th-19th centuries. Having visited in the 1830s. in Ostankino, A. Pushkin noted: “Horn music does not thunder in the groves of Ostankino and Svirlovo (Sviblovo) ... Buns and colored lanterns do not illuminate English paths, now overgrown with grass, but once planted with myrtle and orange trees dating back hundreds of years its existence. The manor house is decrepit ... ”However, the interiors of the palace have almost fully retained their decor and decoration. Artistic parquet flooring is one of the main attractions. The original look gives the halls an abundance of carved gilded wood. Chandeliers, furniture and other decoration items are in their original places. The Ostankino Palace is practically the only theater building of the 18th century in Russia that has preserved the stage, auditorium, dressing rooms and part of the machinery of the engine room.

Shakko, CC BY-SA 3.0

Ostankino Estate Museum

Since 1918 - the state museum, where you can now see the original interiors of the 18th century, hear the music of that time and operas from the repertoire of the Sheremetev theater.

The master plan of the park of the estate, which bore the name "Park of Culture and Leisure named after Dzerzhinsky", was developed by the architect V. I. Dolganov together with Yu. S. Grinevitsky.

The architectural ensemble of the estate

Church of the Holy Trinity

Lodo27, GNU 1.2

The Church of the Life-Giving Trinity in Ostankino is one of the oldest buildings preserved in the estate. In September 1678, according to the petition of Prince Mikhail Cherkassky, Patriarch Joakov blessed the construction of a stone church to replace the dilapidated wooden one. The construction of the temple was carried out from 1678 to 1683 according to the project of the serf architect Pavel Sidorovich Potekhin, slightly away from the old church, so as not to affect the cemetery located around it.

Front yard

Vladimir OKC, Public Domain

A park

Gazebo "Milovzor" on the artificial hill Parnas in the park of the Ostankino estate. The original gazebo was built in 1795. The next one was built in the late 1920s. XIX century. The modern gazebo was recreated in 2003.

Museum-estate "Ostankino"

The Ostankino Estate Museum is a unique architectural ensemble located in the northern part of the capital. Previously, it was a manor near Moscow, but now it can be reached in just 20 minutes from the city center. Ostankino attracts visitors with the beauty of its classic forms, sophistication and sophistication of its interior interiors and a magnificent old park.

The Ostankino estate was built at the end of the 18th century by one of the richest representatives of the Moscow nobility, Count Nikolai Sheremetyev. The land on which the house and other buildings were built went to the Sheremetyev family as a dowry for the mother of Nicholas, nee Princess Cherkasskaya.

The ensemble of the estate was formed over several centuries and was finally formed at the beginning of the 19th century. The museum is interesting, first of all, because the interior decoration and decor elements have been almost completely preserved in it. The main attraction of the Sheremetyevs' palace is a unique inlaid parquet made with high artistry, as well as an abundance of carved gilded wood. Everything here is amazing - chandeliers, antique furniture, mirrors and other decoration items. The Ostankino estate is the only architectural monument in Russia where a home theater with a stage, an auditorium, remnants of the machinery of the engine room and actors' make-up rooms have been preserved. The fame of the Sheremetyevo Theater resounded far beyond the borders of Moscow.

After the revolution, the estate was nationalized and already in 1918 a museum exposition was opened in it. Probably, this saved the Sheremetyevs palace from looting and we can now admire the interiors of the 18-19 centuries, listen to the music of that time and watch operas from the repertoire of the Sheremetyevsky theater.

Exposition of the museum-estate "Ostankino"

The first mention of Ostankino dates back to the 16th century. At that time, the village of Ostashkovo stood here on dry land, which belonged to the serviceman Alexei Satin, who was a relative of the tsar's okolnich. Then the land was owned by a foreigner Orn, who served as the guardsman for Ivan the Terrible. In 1585 the land was transferred to the Duma clerk Vasily Shchelkanov. Under him, a wooden church, a man-made pond, as well as cedar and oak groves appeared in the village, the remains of which have survived to this day.

The estate of Count Sheremetyev in Ostankino is a kind of challenge to the harsh Russian nature, because all the buildings here are made of wood. Everything here seems very fragile and unrealistically beautiful. The estate was built by the serfs of the count, the famous troupe of the Sheremetyevsky theater also consisted of serfs.

The uniqueness of the interiors of the count's palace lies in the fact that almost all decorative elements in it are made of wood. The columns of the palace, which seem to be marble, are actually made of wood, the halls are decorated with wooden chandeliers with numerous crystal pendants, wooden vases and sculptural compositions of high artistic performance are installed around. All the interiors of the palace have retained their eclecticism and originality.

The halls of the palace have a certain theme - its owner tried to reflect the entire history of mankind in a limited space. Sphinxes can be seen in the Egyptian hall, and Enlightenment statues and cupids in the Roman hall. The lobbies of the palace are decorated with ornaments in the spirit of Versace, in the study where Emperor Alexander II loved to do business, on the contrary, officialdom reigns with wood panels and strict leather furniture.

Architectural monuments on the territory of Ostankino

The oldest building that is part of the architectural ensemble of the estate is the Temple of the Life-Giving Trinity. Its construction began in 1678, after Patriarch Jacob blessed the petition of Prince Mikhail Cherkassky. The stone church was built on the site of a dilapidated wooden house church. The project of the church was developed by the serf prince Pavel Sidorovich Potekhin. The family cemetery was located to the side of the church.

Events of the Museum-Estate "Ostankino"

18th century classical music evenings;
- opera performances from the repertoire of the theater of Count Sheremetyev.

The Ostankino Estate Museum is an architectural complex of stunning beauty that has preserved the originality of its interior interiors.