Morning exercises (exercises) for children of different ages. Gymnastics for newborns and infants Physical exercises for children 1 year old

Gymnastics for infants is allowed from the first month of life. Exercise develops motor skills, muscles, balance, coordination of movement, and also has a beneficial effect on the respiratory, circulatory, cardiovascular, and nervous systems of the baby. Exercises should be carried out in a playful way and at the same time talk affectionately with the baby.

Before starting the procedure, you need to make sure that the child is healthy, not hungry and in a good mood. It is better to undress the baby completely and do exercises at a comfortable room temperature. It is also important to remember that the ligamentous apparatus of an infant, especially a newborn, is delicate and elastic. All movements should be soft and gentle. The intensity and amplitude of the exercises increases after six months, when the baby gradually masters basic motor skills: rolls over onto his stomach, sits, stands on all fours, crawls, stands up, squats, takes his first steps. At this age, the baby turns from a passive observer into an active participant in exercise.

Charging for newborns

How is gymnastics for newborns performed? And is it needed at all? This question should be asked by a mother whose baby was born absolutely healthy. From the first days of life, a difficult period of adaptation to the new environment begins. At this age, children sleep most of the time and eat during breaks. Apart from maternal warmth and care, the baby needs nothing else in the first weeks of life. Therefore, you can hear the following opinion: there is no need to rush with either massage or gymnastics. What does gymnastics include for a one-month-old baby? All exercises are aimed at developing balance and stabilization in the body, as well as training muscles. There should be no active movements. All exercises are performed in the most gentle, smooth mode, without forceful pressure.

• Exercise No. 1. The baby lies on his back, his pelvis is in a free position, it does not need to be lifted or, conversely, pressed. An adult stands on the side of the baby's feet and bends his legs at a right angle to the pelvis. Also, the legs should be bent at a right angle at the knees. In this position, you need to fix the baby's legs. It is necessary to ensure that the baby’s knees are in line with the shoulder joints. You should clasp your baby’s knees with your hands so that your thumbs rest on the shin and the inner surface of the knee joint. You need to hold your legs in this position for 3 minutes. During this period, you need to impact your knees for 7 seconds, then reduce the impact for 10 seconds, then hold your legs tighter again.
• Exercise No. 2. This exercise trains the muscles of the back and neck, and develops the skill of holding the head. The baby is lying on his stomach. The adult behind him bends down and wraps his arms around the baby’s shoulders. In this way, it helps the child to stay on his elbows. This position is mastered independently at about 3 months. You can slightly spread the baby's shoulders to the sides, this will lead to a reaction - the baby will begin to raise his head.
• Exercise No. 3. The baby is on his back, and the adult is standing to his left. You need to place your palm under the baby's head so as to fix his head. And with the other hand, the baby’s right knee is fixed in the same way as in the first exercise. You also need to hold the baby for 3 minutes, alternating exposure and relaxation. Then you need to move to the right side and perform the same exercise with your left leg.

The baby should not experience any pain during gymnastics. He may cry because of unusual sensations in the body that were previously unknown to him. The listed exercises are useful because they enable the body to respond to the influence. In this way, independent muscle training occurs and movement coordination is formed.

Second month

What does gymnastics include for a 2 month old baby? Charging begins with stroking and should alternate with massage movements. Read more about how to massage infants in our other article. All of the exercises listed are considered universal. They can be performed at any age in children under one year old. Only the duration and intensity of the movements change.

• Exercise No. 1. The baby lies on his back. You need to take him by the wrists and spread his arms to the sides, then cross them over his chest, as if the baby was hugging himself, and then return to the starting position. This exercise can be done 5-8 times.
• Exercise No. 2. Baby in the same position. You need to grab it by the forearms and raise the arms up to the level of the shoulder girdle, and then lower it down, pressing it to the body.
• Exercise No. 3. The baby is in the same position. It is necessary to grab the baby by the wrists and perform several circular movements with your hands forward and then in the opposite direction.
• Exercise No. 4. The baby is in the same position. It is necessary to grab the baby by the forearms and perform several alternating movements with your hands up and down.
• Exercise No. 5. The baby is in the same position. It is necessary to grab the child by the wrists and forearms and perform several striking, boxing movements with your arms forward.
• Exercise No. 6. The baby is in the same position. You can make circular movements with your hip joints while spreading your knees to the sides. You can also use the passive stabilization method, as is done in exercises for newborns.
• Exercise No. 7. The baby is in the same position. You need to alternately raise and lower your legs, pressing them to your stomach.
• Exercise No. 8. The baby is in the same position. You need to touch the heel of your right foot to the knee of your left, then change legs and perform the exercise in the same way.
• Exercise No. 9. The baby is in the same position. It is necessary to straighten and connect the baby’s legs at the knees and feet, then lift them up and down.
• Exercise No. 10. The baby is in the same position. You need to lift his legs up and do the well-known “bicycle” exercise, alternately rotating his legs.
• Exercise No. 11. The baby lies on his stomach, leaning on his forearms. It is necessary to bend your knees and press them to the hip joints, you will get the “frog” pose.
• Exercise No. 12. In the same position, you can alternately spread your legs to the sides and up, bending at the knees. When spreading your legs, you need to act gently, without pressure. You can also alternately bend your knees at right angles and imitate a movement similar to running.

Gymnastics for infants at 2 months is passive in most types of exercises. The child only watches his mother’s hands and reacts emotionally to kind words and strokes. But at the same time, the baby’s muscle responses reflexively turn on. Of course, it’s too early to talk about conscious movements at this age.

Third month

Gymnastics for a 3-month-old child should be aimed at developing an important skill - turning over onto his stomach. To do this, it is necessary to strengthen the muscles of the neck, back and abs, and develop balance. At this age, you can do the same gymnastics as at 2 months. Also, charging is complicated by other exercises.

• Lifting from a prone position. To do this, you need to place your thumbs in the child’s palms and clasp the forearms. Then you need to carefully lift the baby, as if sitting him down, then lower him to his original position. You can perform 3-4 lifts.
• Turn onto your stomach using your arms. The child lies on his back. You need to take him by one hand and move it across the body in the opposite direction. Then the same movement must be repeated with the other hand. Reflexively, the baby's body will reach for the hand. In this way, the skill of turning from back to stomach is practiced.
• Turn onto your stomach using your legs. The baby is lying on his back. You need to bend your leg and turn it in the direction of turning your body, as if throwing it over the other leg. The body will reflexively begin to move in the direction of the leg turn. You can also perform turns on your stomach from a position on your side.
• Extension of the spine on weight. To perform this exercise, the baby must be taken under the stomach and raised. Reflexively, the baby raises his head and straightens his back.

Fourth month

Gymnastics for a 4 month old child repeats the set of previous exercises. What is especially useful for children at this age and what do they perceive with delight?

• Exercise for legs. At this age, the baby begins to perceive all the actions of adults as a game. The “bicycle” exercise will be interesting for the baby. Children also love to “applaud” with their feet. To do this, you need to attach the child’s feet to each other and slam them. You can put your legs in the “frog” position and rock the baby, reach your nose with your toes, etc. You can also stretch in this way: you need to pull your right arm and left leg towards each other, then change the arm and leg.
• Hand charger. The “okay” exercise develops fine motor skills well and brings a lot of positive emotions. You can perform cross movements with your arms in the form of hugs, “boxing”, “swimming” - all those exercises that were performed in the first months of life.
• Exercises for the abs. Children of this age are already trying to do pull-ups with their hands if you place your thumbs in their palms. During the day, you can arrange lifts for your baby several times that will train the abdominal muscles, as well as the back, arms and neck.

At this age, all movements become more energetic and intense. The child gradually turns from a passive observer into an active participant in the process.

Fifth month

Gymnastics for a child of 5 months no longer brings discomfort, since hypertonicity goes away by this age. When bending and straightening the limbs, turning the torso and head, the baby feels more relaxed and free in movements. What is most interesting and useful at this age?

• Lifting by the handles from a lying position.
• Bend your knees and slide your feet along the surface while lying on your back.
• Stepping movements in a vertical position with feet resting on a hard surface (you need to hold the baby under the armpits).
• “Flying” on the stomach with a deflection of the spine (performed in weight).
• “Flying” on the back, when the child tenses the abdominal muscles and tries to hold the body in weight (performed in weight).
• Roll over from back to stomach and back.

A baby of this age moves all the time during wakefulness, that is, he trains, even if the mother does not perform any special exercises. It is important to motivate your child to move.

Sixth month

Gymnastics for children aged 6 months is aimed at gradually developing the skills of sitting and crawling. At this age and later, the baby may make the first attempts to get up on all fours. And you need to encourage him in every possible way to take this particular position. If a baby at this age is not yet sitting, this is normal. You shouldn’t sit him down too often and force the development of motor skills.

• Lifting the body. The exercise is performed from a lying position on your stomach. You need to lift the child’s arms, spread them apart and slightly pull the body towards you. In this position, the baby holds his head well and tries to get up on his knees. If the exercise does not work, the child is uncomfortable, there is no need to repeat it. We'll have to come back to it later.
• Crawling skill. This skill is inherent in nature; it does not need to be specially developed. But you can encourage your baby to crawl by motivating him with new toys, attractive, bright household items, etc. When the baby is lying on his stomach, you can put a bright toy in front of him. This will be a good incentive to move forward on your feet. You can also help your baby a little by stimulating his legs to move. To do this, you need to bend them at the knees one by one.
• Fine motor skills. Gymnastics for children of this age develops not only gross, but also fine motor skills. It is important to do finger exercises and massage your palms, while telling nursery rhymes. All children like finger games, and they also stimulate the brain. While spreading your arms to the sides, you can place toys in the form of rings in the child’s palms.

Features of gymnastics in the second half of life

Gymnastics for children under one year old is divided into two stages: passive and active. After 6 months, active gymnastics begins, when the child already understands a lot (especially by the end of the first year of life) and can perform a number of exercises independently, in a playful way.

• Encouraging crawling. It’s good if the baby is in no hurry to rise to a vertical position. It takes time for the back muscles to strengthen and develop. As before, crawling can be stimulated with new toys and bright objects. From a position on all fours, the baby will eventually try to rise to his feet.
• Strengthening the muscles of the back and abdomen. You can place the baby on your lap, belly down, so that the head, chest and shoulders sag. From this position, you need to ask the baby to pick up the toy from the floor. This task can be given with the child lying in the same position only on his back. The child will bend, making a bridge, and then rise to the starting position.
• Sport equipment. The older your baby gets, the more gross motor skills he develops. In the exercises, you can already use improvised means and sports equipment: jump ropes, balls, hoops, skittles. Read about fitball for babies in our other article.
• Walking skill. After about 10-11 months (for some this happens earlier, for others later), children get up on their own, try to stand without support and take their first steps, holding the hand of mom or dad. At this age, you can already encourage the baby’s desire to walk, squat, and stand up.

By the end of the first year of life, children love to copy the actions of adults. Therefore, exercises can be done together. The baby will willingly squat, bend to the sides, raise his arms up, throw a ball, bend over for a toy, stand on his toes, repeating the movements after his mother.

Basics of dynamic gymnastics: is it worth starting?

Dynamic gymnastics is a set of active motor exercises that are performed on weight in the air. Dynamic gymnastics for infants is a controversial topic. You can find fair positive reviews about this extreme charging. Which ones exactly?

• Not only the skeleton and muscular system develop well, but also the vestibular apparatus.
• Muscle tone is corrected.
• Dynamic gymnastics builds strong character and self-confidence.
• Children in most cases have a positive attitude towards aerial exercises.

A polar negative view is associated with fears that dynamic gymnastics can harm the child, lead to joint lability, extinction of natural motor reflexes, and stress. What is important to know?

• Yes, indeed, if the exercises are performed ineptly or incorrectly, the baby can be injured, first of all, damage to the joints, cartilage, and ligaments.
• Therefore, parents who decide to engage in dynamic gymnastics with their child must undergo training from a certified instructor.
• It is important to learn how to make correct and reliable grips on the baby’s limbs.
• You need to start with the simplest exercises, gradually increasing the time and intensity of aerial exercises.
• You cannot immediately perform complex exercises: throws over your head, scrolls, twists, etc.
• An adult must be confident in his abilities and actions, and if in doubt, it is better not to do the exercise.
• With dynamic gymnastics, there is a high risk of the baby falling.
• The risk of injury increases if you start exercising after 6 months, since the ligaments are not trained and the child’s body weight has increased significantly.
• The optimal age to start classes is 1.5 months.

Dynamic gymnastics for kids includes the following basic exercises:

• pendulum by hand;
• pendulum for legs;
• pendulum by hand and foot;
• rocking back and forth by arms and legs;
• a cross for the legs and a cross for the arms;
• hand casts;
• turns by hand and foot.

Contraindications to dynamic gymnastics: hypertonicity or hypotonicity associated with neurological diseases; hip dysplasia, joint mobility and other orthopedic disorders. Parents may not always notice these deviations. Therefore, before starting classes, you should definitely consult with a neurologist and orthopedist.

Gymnastics for babies can be therapeutic and general health-improving. Therapeutic gymnastics should be carried out by a specialist in exercise therapy. But if the child does not have any disorders, parents can independently learn simple, safe exercises and perform them daily.

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Exercises to promote walking development.

Children begin to walk independently from 8-13 months. First, the first hesitant steps appear, which cannot yet be called walking in the full sense of the word. Subsequently, walking improves, the child begins to change its direction without stopping, and learns to walk over “rough” terrain - bumps, uneven spots (at first, unsteadily, then steadily). Soon mastery of walking in an even rhythm occurs, and fast walking appears. Gradually, the child begins to walk up the stairs (everyday walking) with an added step with and without support, as well as with alternating steps. Imitative walking develops parallel to speech understanding. In this case, familiarity with animal images plays an important role. Some children master automated walking only by the age of 3 years 6 months, while others - up to 2 years. Walking enhances the activity of the cardiovascular, respiratory and nervous systems, and balances basic nervous processes. To develop rhythmic walking in children, coordination exercises are used: walking on uneven terrain, matching your step with the step of a friend (at the age of 3 years). The duration of walking increases with age. Thus, children 3 years old, provided they are emotionally interested (to go see how planes fly, how ducks swim, etc.) can walk 500 m or more (small tourism).

During the "long walk" it is advisable to make stops - rest to explore the surrounding nature.

Here is an approximate list of exercises for developing and improving walking:

Walking through sticks with and without support.

Walking on “bricks” with and without support.

Walking through a hoop or through hoops (Fig. 22).

Walking around a hoop.

Walking around the rope.

Walking with a bag on your head (Fig. 23).

Walking between laid out sticks.

Walking between clubs (Fig. 24).

Walking for the ball.

Walking through hoops together.

Walking over rough terrain.

Imitation walking, etc.

While performing exercises to develop and improve walking, you must constantly monitor your posture.

Exercises to promote running development.

Most children master this type of movement only by the age of 2 or 3 years. Apparently, the development of this motor act up to 2.5 years is associated with motor talent.

Its development goes through a number of stages: fast walking, running without “flight”, with a little “flight”. Only by the end of the 3rd year and later do children begin to “fly” in running. When walking and running quickly, it is difficult for children to change direction, but by the age of 3, many of them master this.

Running develops speed and endurance: a large number of muscles are involved in this movement, blood circulation and breathing are significantly enhanced. The pace and rhythm of running in preschool children should be arbitrary. It is advisable to change the rhythm while running under a figurative command: “let’s go faster”, “the car is slowing down”, etc. The position of the hands should also be arbitrary, and in the future, with full ability to run, the hands move in combination with the movements of the legs. To teach running it is very convenient to use the horse game. Here is an approximate list of exercises for developing and improving running:

Running “like horses” (Fig. 25).

Catch up with a rolling ball or hoop.

Run around the hoop (Fig. 26).

Run around the rope.

Run around the mace.

Run around the stick.

Running with an object (hoop) that imitates a car steering wheel (Fig. 27).

You can use other exercises as well. While running, you need to monitor the position of your head, which should not be lowered.

Exercises to help develop balance.

Children themselves often make movements related to maintaining balance (climbing onto a tall object, standing on a surface with a small support area, etc.). Some children are “cowardly” and master movements related to maintaining balance later.

This skill in such children has to be trained for a long time.

Performing exercises to develop the ability to maintain balance contributes to the development of coordination of movements, dexterity, courage, and attention. At the same time, the functional relationship of the analyzers (vestibular, visual and motor) is improved.

Here is an approximate list of exercises for developing and improving the ability to maintain balance.

Walking on a limited plane (Fig. 28),

Stepping over an object (Fig. 29).

Walking on a board (width 25-15-10 cm) with and without the help of an adult.

Entering an inclined plane with support.

Entering an inclined plane of different heights without support (Fig. 30).

Walking on a gymnastic bench with support,

Walking on a gymnastic bench without support.

Walking on a bench with objects (Fig. 31).

Walking on a hewn log with and without support.

Walking on a rope (Fig. 32).

Walking on a hoop.

Lateral walking on a stick (Fig. 33).

Walking with a bag on your head.

Walking up the stairs.

When performing exercises, it is imperative to monitor your posture (starting from 1 year 2 months, children, when walking on a board, follow the toy standing at the end of the board). If children one and a half years old and older do not yet know how to jump, the children’s descent from the bench should be “soft.”

Exercises to promote jumping development.

This motor act occurs quite early. Its improvement largely depends on the individual characteristics of the child. For example, most children begin to jump over a stick at the age of 2 years 6 months, but there are children who can do this already at 1 year 7 months.

Children of the first years of life can access the simplest elements of jumping, for example, “dancing”, bouncing, jumping over an object at a short distance (5-10-15 cm) with or without support, jumping off.

Jumping is an exercise that develops dexterity and coordination of movements; after performing them, breathing becomes more frequent and deepens.

It is necessary to pay attention to the ease of jumping (like a mouse, like a cat) and teach it in an imitation way (like a bunny, like a ball). You should jump from a height after the child learns to easily jump on the spot. There is no need to overuse jumping, given the imperfect structure and characteristics of the arches of the feet in children.

While performing jumps, you need to monitor your posture.

Here is an approximate list of exercises for developing and improving jumps:

Jumping in place with support from your hands.

Jumping in place without support.

Long jump (“bunny jumps”).

Jumping into a hoop - forward, backward (Fig. 34, a, b).

Jumping over a stick or rope with two feet starting from a height of 2 cm (Fig. 35)

Jumping on one leg alternately.

Jumping from a gymnastic bench with a soft landing (Fig. 36).

Jumping with both feet along the rope.

Jumping around a bag, etc.

Exercises to promote climbing development.

This is one of the types of movement that develops early (it is based on the ability to crawl, which appears at 5-6 months) and is easily improved. For children who have insufficient balance skills, learning to climb a vertical ladder is not easy.

Crawling, creeping, climbing are movements that help reduce the load on the spine, which at the age of 2-3 years is already quite large when sitting at a table for a long time (during classes and eating).

Here is an approximate list of exercises that contribute to the development and improvement of climbing:

Climb the gymnastic ladder with the help of an adult.

Get into the hoop, get out of it (Fig. 37).

Climb the hill on all fours.

Climb over an object - a gymnastic bench, a rope (Fig. 38).

Crawl under an object (bench, table, chair, stick, rope (Fig. 39).

Crawling on a gymnastic bench.

Crawling into a hoop or hoops (Fig. 40).

Crawl on all fours between two parallel ropes (Fig. 41).

Crawling on all fours between the clubs.

Climbing on a ladder.

Crawling on all fours around a hoop, stick, bag (Fig. 42).

Climbing a vertical ladder with an attached, variable step.

Crawl behind the “running” rope (Fig. 43).

Stand on the bench and get off.

Exercises to promote the development of throwing.

This movement in children is manifested by throwing objects down or at a horizontal target. It develops dexterity, coordination of movements, speed, and develops the muscles of the shoulder girdle. First, the object is thrown with one hand, then with two (this is more difficult). Gradually, the child masters the elements of voluntary throwing at a vertical target.

This exercise involves the motor, vestibular and visual analyzers, but the leading role belongs to the latter. The position of the body during this movement should be arbitrary.

Here is an approximate list of exercises that contribute to the development and improvement of throwing:

Place the ball into a horizontal target (basket or hoop) located at different distances;

a) a horizontal target at a height of 80-100 cm/its diameter is 60 h:m, the distance to the target is the outstretched arms of a child (Fig. 44);

b) horizontal target at a height of 100-120 cm, diameter - 50-60 cm, distance - the same.

Throw the ball at a vertical target with a diameter of 60 cm, located at the height of the child’s outstretched arms.

Throw a large ball with both hands at a horizontal target with a diameter of 50-60 cm from a distance of 50 to 100 cm.

Throw a small ball separately with your right and left hands at a target with a diameter of 50-60 cm from a distance of 50 to 100 cm (Fig. 45).

Knock down pins or clubs with a ball.

Rolling a large or small ball through a confined space or towards each other.

Ball games: catch the ball at different distances from the floor and from the wall; hitting the ball with your hand.

Throw the ball over a rope or stick.

Roll the ball under the rope.

Throwing a large ball with two hands (movements - ball at the chest, above the head, behind the head and from this position throw at a vertical target with a diameter of 60 cm, a height of 80-120 cm, from a distance of 80-150 cm).

Both the goal and the distance are the same - throwing small balls alternately with the right and left hands.

Hoops of different sizes and colors are used as targets. When throwing, you need to pay attention to your posture and the obligatory alternation of hands. In children under 3 years of age, throwing is voluntary.

Formation of correct posture.

In the formation of correct posture, the main role is played by general muscle tone and, in particular, the tone of the muscles of the back, abdomen (“muscle corset”) and buttocks. Here is an approximate list of exercises that additionally contribute to the formation of posture.

Crawling and creeping exercises that strengthen the muscles of the back and abdomen.

Sitting on a toy or object (Fig. 46).

From the starting position, lying on your stomach with fixed straight legs, lift the stick with two half-bent arms (arms at the width of the child’s shoulders). In this case, you need to make sure that the child does not sag.

From the starting position on the stomach, make “wings”.

Roll down the hill in a position on your stomach, hold your hands behind your back (Fig. 47).

Starting position on your stomach, on a bench; make a "swallow".

Exercises with the ball: starting position - sitting astride a bench:

a) ball on head; b) put the ball on the floor on the right; c) put on the left on the floor; d) put the ball on your head again (Fig. 48, a, b).

Exercises with a hoop: a) stand in a hoop; b) sit down; c) raise the hoop up with outstretched arms; d) pull the hoop forward; e) put the hoop on the floor (Fig. 49, a, b).

From the starting position, sitting astride a bench with a hoop:

a) raise the hoop up (“I’ll look at the roof”); b) place the hoop on the right side of the floor; c) raise the hoop up; d) put the hoop on the left; e) put the hoop on the bench.

Pulling up by the stick (Fig. 50).

Pulling sticks or ropes (Fig. 51, a, b).

While lying on your stomach, roll the ball and other objects (Fig. 52).

When performing exercises, you should monitor your posture (position of the head and shoulders).

Exercises for the muscles of the legs and feet (prevention of flat feet).

The child, sitting on a chair and leaning on its back, with his hands on the seat, rolls the ball with his feet back and forth (Fig. 53).

The starting position is also to roll a stick with your feet (Fig. 54).

Sitting on a chair, collect the rope with your feet.

Sitting on a chair, lift the bag or ball with your feet (inside) (Fig. 55). Balls of different sizes.

Sitting on a chair, roll the mace with your feet.

From a standing position (the teacher holds the child under the arms), roll the ball with your feet.

Description of exercises with individual objects. In gymnastics classes, various objects should be used, which should be changed (alternate) daily.

In the first days of classes, the exercises are repeated 2 times, then their number increases and reaches 5 for children under 2 years old and 8 for children under 3 years old. It should be borne in mind that age when performing certain exercises is to some extent relative. Different children can master the same exercise either a little earlier or later. Thus, exercises performed at 1 year 6 months can be mastered by some children at 2 years and later.

Gymnastics equipment (bench, box, ball, hoops, sticks, ropes, clubs, bag - in Fig. 56) makes it possible to conduct gymnastics classes in an interesting and emotional way at home and in a group setting.

When using objects, children get involved in activities faster and better, and their creative abilities develop more intensively.

Classes for children from 1.5 to 3 years old are conducted in a small group method (4-5 people per group). Children are united based on their skills. Exercises are repeated 3-4 times or more depending on the health status and individual abilities of each child. Some exercises are repeated more often (exercises for the back and abdominal muscles), especially with sluggish and poor posture.

Movement is the basis of our entire life. Even light physical activity is very useful for every person for normal well-being.

For the correct and timely development of the child, parents should thoroughly study the theoretical material about special exercises for infants and use the acquired knowledge in practice every day.

How are gymnastics beneficial for infants?

In the first months of life, the baby spends most of his time sleeping: while he is just gaining strength in order to actively explore the world around him. Therefore, gymnastics in combination with is a great way to keep a child’s muscles in good shape.

Let's look at what else is useful in gymnastics:

1 Development of motor coordination. By about 1-2 months, the baby begins to make coordinated movements with his hands, and by 3 months, he begins to consciously and with interest feel objects around him. And by 6-7 months, you can already notice how the baby maintains balance in a sitting position, without your help.

Thus, the child confidently overcomes many stages in order to take his first independent steps. The correct formation of the musculoskeletal system occurs precisely thanks to a set of exercises for developing balance (for example, exercises on a fitball).

2 Improving the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract. Physical exercise has a beneficial effect not only on muscles, but also on the functioning of internal organs. In particular, movement ensures a healthy appetite, better digestion of food, and reduces the likelihood of gastric disorders and colic.

3 Speech development. As a rule, during gymnastics, the mother voices her actions, communicates with the child, praises him and encourages him in every possible way.

Auditory perception of sounds helps the baby form his own idea of ​​speech. The child imitates his mother, thereby acquiring the very first speech skills.

4 Improving blood circulation and metabolism. Any movement promotes proper blood circulation throughout the body and, as a result, normalization of the heart and blood vessels. Gymnastics at an early age will help avoid the development of diseases and abnormalities associated with blood pressure. Also, the flow of blood to the soft tissues has a positive effect on growth.

5 Communication, development of tactile sensations. During gymnastics, there is direct contact between mom or dad and the child: both tactile and visual. Joint activities provide an opportunity to get to know each other better and make the child feel that he is important to his parents. This calms the child and has a beneficial effect on sleep and the nervous system as a whole.

Interesting! How to properly bathe a newborn

At what age can you start doing gymnastics for children?

You can begin introducing the first elements of gymnastics from the age of several weeks.
These are gentle stroking of the limbs and tummy, which, in fact, are part of the massage complex, but also play the role of preparation for gymnastics.

If the baby does not have corresponding contraindications, then reflex exercises (flexion and extension of limbs, “walking”, etc.) can be started from 1-1.5 months.

It is interesting that the best first gymnastics experience for a child is swimming. Having come into our world from a humid environment, babies retain the instinctive ability to swim for up to three months. By carefully monitoring the baby, you can conduct swimming sessions in a home bath from the moment the umbilical wound is completely healed. If you are not confident in your abilities, since swimming is a rather traumatic procedure, consult a pediatrician for help.

Basic rules of gymnastics for infants

Naturally, a newborn baby needs a more delicate approach in absolutely everything. In order for gymnastics to bring only benefits, this process must be treated carefully and carefully. There are several simple rules thanks to which you can achieve maximum effect from exercises:

1 Realistically assess the child’s abilities. The main goal of gymnastics is still stimulation and skill development, and not serious sports training. Take your time, choose exercises that are appropriate for your baby’s age. If you see that the child cannot cope with the load, reduce the amount of time allotted for training, reduce the intensity of the actions performed.

2 You should not start gymnastics if you are not in the mood. Exercises with your child should be interesting and desirable, and not a boring routine procedure.

If you feel that you are tired enough today, then it is better to take a day off than to once again spoil the mood for yourself and your baby.

Approach the exercises exclusively with a positive attitude and the child, like the best unbiased psychologist, will definitely reciprocate your feelings. The same applies to the child - if the baby wants to rest and is capricious, you should not force him.

3 It is advisable to develop a training regimen. The ideal time to practice with your baby is midday. By this time, the baby should be well-fed and ready to exercise, but at least 20-30 minutes should have passed since the last feeding.

Postpone gymnastics classes if your child is not healthy. Also, exercises should not be performed for several days after vaccinations.

5 Ventilate the room well before gymnastics, but also monitor the air temperature in the room. The exercises will be much more effective if the baby is naked during them, so temperatures below 22-23 degrees are not acceptable for exercise.

Gymnastics for children 1-3 months

During this period, all exercises are reflexive in nature. The main principle is irritation of the baby’s skin in order to obtain a response. All movements are made only with the help of adults. The workout lasts no more than 15 minutes. It is worth remembering that any gymnastics begins with a light massage and stroking.

Interesting! When does a child start walking?

1 Laying on the stomach. Perhaps the simplest exercise. When laying a baby on his stomach, for example, for a back massage, one of his interesting instinctive features appears: the baby immediately puts his head to the side. This exercise helps develop the muscles of the neck and back.

2 Reactions to touch, flexion and extension of fingers. Gently hold the child's leg by the ankle joint and run your fingertips along his foot. The baby will bend and straighten his toes.

3 "Crawl". Starting position – lying on your stomach. The legs are bent to the sides. Gently hold the baby under the chest with one hand, and touch the feet with the other. The child reflexively straightens his legs, pushing off and as if “crawling” forward.

4 "Walking". Holding your baby firmly but carefully under the armpits, place him on his feet. The heel should touch the surface of the table or couch. Feeling a solid base, the child will reflexively move his feet.

5 Spinal extension. Starting position – lying on your side. Hold the baby's legs with one hand, and use the thumb and forefinger of the other to draw a line along the spine. This exercise is aimed at developing the flexors and extensors of the back.

Gymnastics for children 4, 5 and 6 months old

In addition to the previous ones, exercises that provoke the child to act independently, as well as exercises with a ball, can be added to the complex.

1 "Boxer". This exercise consists of performing rhythmic flexion and extension of the child’s arms. Gently grab his wrists, placing your thumbs in his palm. Raise your arms one by one: if the left one is raised, then the right one is in a bent position, and vice versa.

2 Place the child on the ball(it should not cause unpleasant sensations in the child, for example, being cold). The baby should spread his knees slightly, ensuring a more stable position. Holding it behind your back, slowly swing the ball from side to side. The same exercise can be performed while lying on your back.

Let's try to make sure that the morning exercise for children, and sports in general, have become an integral part of our children’s lives, like the need to brush their teeth in the morning...

Children's exercises

If from a very early age the baby starts the day with a 10-minute warm-up, this will become familiar, natural and completely unburdensome for him. At first he will study with mom or dad and under their guidance, and later he will begin to do the exercises on his own.

In order to strengthen your desire to engage with your baby, it would be useful to remember the enormous benefits that such activities will bring. Movement for a child is life. Scientists have long noticed a direct connection between a person’s motor activity and the metabolic processes that occur in his body. If the baby moves enough, his metabolism improves, his respiratory, cardiovascular, and immune systems work more productively. This means, in general, he will become stronger and healthier. Simple morning exercises chargers for children They are not aimed at training any serious sports skills and abilities, they do not overtire the baby, but maintain the body in good tone, help its overall development and strengthening, improve sleep, appetite, and accelerate growth. Even the name itself – “charging” – carries a special meaning. She will charge our little nimble kids with health, strength, endurance and good mood!

But that's not all! Morning exercises are also a wonderful developmental activity for the baby. The baby will learn to understand the adult’s tasks, repeat them correctly, and at the same time develop not only muscles and ligaments, but also speech, thinking, attention, and memory.

Certainly, exercise for children It is better to practice in the morning, immediately after waking up. Because one of its tasks is to help the body wake up, start all those processes that slow down at night, stretch the “stagnant” joints of the arms, legs, and spine, giving them the opportunity to gently and without overexertion join the daily rhythm of life. It is better to perform exercises on an empty stomach, in a well-ventilated room, and in the warm season - with an open window. Dress your little athlete in clothes that do not restrict movement.

And it’s best to practice in panties, a T-shirt and barefoot.

Young children do not yet know how to maintain attention on one activity for a long time. If you exercise them for too long, they will lose all interest in the exercises. Therefore, with a 1–2 year old child, it is enough to exercise only 5–7 minutes a day. By the age of 3, the time of morning exercises can be increased to 10–15 minutes.

If for some reason you are unable to work with your child immediately after waking up, this is not a reason to refuse classes altogether. Find a little time in the first half of the day, when the baby is in a good mood, and do a little warm-up. It will still be very useful!

Sometimes parents complain that the baby categorically refuses to do exercises. This usually happens when we turn what should be a fun and joyful game into a boring chore. Is there such a kid in the world who refuses to do what gives him pleasure? Hardly. This means you need to do exercises with fun and enthusiasm! The baby will very quickly get tired of the tedious: arms forward, to the sides, up, forward, to the sides, up... He will not yet be able to understand that all this is being done for the sake of his health. That’s why every exercise needs to be turned into a fun one. educational game: flying on an airplane, washing the cat, bunny dance, frog jumping, etc. Suitable thematic rhymes are welcome! They will help bring a certain meaning to the exercises, set the rhythm, and will additionally contribute to the development of the child’s speech. And, of course, mom or dad should encourage the child to practice by their own example!

You can come up with some special ritual with which you will start charging. Maybe the baby’s favorite song will serve as a signal to start each time. Or some short poem that you and your little gym teacher will recite while cheerfully marching around the room.

To make the exercise more interesting, use balls of different sizes, a hoop (for example, you can climb through it, jump into it and jump out), and ribbons (a path on the floor along which you need to walk) in the exercises. Kids usually love exercises with fitballs. But dumbbells and other weights cannot be used yet.

Charging in 1 year

Now let's get down to charging. If your baby is 1 year old or a little older, try these simple but very useful exercises with him. They are not yet very similar to full-fledged exercises, but they help the baby improve walking skills and develop coordination of movements.

As a warm-up, walk around the room with your baby, holding him by the hand. In this case you can say:

Stomp with one foot, stomp with another,
I'm already big
And they walk on their own
Feet straight to mom.

They stomped their feet:
Top-top-top!
Hands clapped:
Clap-clap-clap!
Sit down! Get up! Sit down again!
And then they ate all the porridge!

In the words “sit down and stand up,” squat with your baby, get up and squat again. Repeat the entire exercise game from the beginning.

Place small “obstacles” on the floor at some distance from each other: a path of cubes, sticks, a jump rope, etc. Walk with your baby across the room, stepping over the obstacles with him.

We walk along the path.
Top-top, legs, top!
We step over everything.
Top-top, legs, top!
Hey kids!
Hey guys!

Place a chair in front of the baby and place a toy on the floor on the other side. Help your child crawl under the chair to the toy. When the baby understands what is required of him, he himself will happily crawl back and forth under the chair.

Oh-oh-oh, ah-ah-ah,
Crawl through the hole
Crawl through the hole
And get out of the hole!

Give your child a large ball (preferably an inflatable beach ball), let him throw it on the floor, then pick it up and throw it again.

The ball doesn't whine or cry,
Just jumping, jumping, jumping.
Often together with the ball
Fathers, mothers and children are jumping.
(Yu. Kasparova)

Five minutes and five useful exercises for children's exercises! That's it, you can rest...

Children's exercises at one year and 6

The baby has grown a little. This means that charging can be a little more complicated. Show the exercises to your baby, saying: “Do as mom does.” Let him try to repeat after you. After each successful attempt, be sure to praise your little smart guy.

Breathing exercise. Stand opposite the baby, spread your arms to the sides at shoulder height. Inhale through your nose. Quickly cross your arms in front of your chest so that your palms slap your shoulder blades, as if you were hugging yourself. Noisy exhalation through the mouth. Then smoothly return your hands to the starting position. Repeat the exercise 5-7 times. Of course, the baby will not be able to breathe correctly right away. But over time he will definitely learn. To begin with, let him simply move his hands apart and bring them together.

Let's spread our arms to the sides,
And then we’ll hug ourselves!
Let the sun hear,
How our nose breathes, breathes...
(Yu. Kasparova)

Walking. We walk around the room with the baby, alternating fast and slow walking. And then we'll run a little. You can stomp along to a nursery rhyme song about a bunny:

Bunny, walk around,
Gray, go!
Like this, like this!
Like this, like this!
Bunny, go for a run,
Gray, go for a run!
This way, this way, go for a run!
This way, this way, go for a run!

Bend forward. Place a cube or ball on the floor. The baby should bend down, pick up the toy from the floor, straighten up, lift it high above his head, and then put it back on the floor. We repeat several times. At the same time, we imagine that we are little gnomes picking mushrooms.

In the morning the gnomes went into the forest,
On the way we found a mushroom
And behind him, one, two, three,
Three more showed up!
(E. Karelskaya)

Tilts from side to side. Now let’s put the handles on the belt and try to bend from side to side:

Ding dong, ding dong,
The gnomes are building a new house,
Paint the walls, roof, floor,
They clean everything up.
(E. Karelskaya)

Small birds. The baby raises his arms to the sides and flaps them like wings. Any nursery rhyme about birds is suitable for this exercise:

Birds, birds have flown,
They sat on the head.
We sat down, sat down, sat down,
We flew again...

Instead of birds, you can depict an airplane. The boys will surely love this. If you don't know the right rhyme, try to come up with something on the fly. Poems for exercise do not have to be poetic masterpieces. It is much more important that they are foldable, rhythmic and understandable to the baby... For example, like this:

I'm a pilot, I'm a pilot!
I'm flying my plane
The plane is flying,
The plane is humming...

We raise our legs. The baby lies on his back, arms to the sides. Raise the legs up, then place them on the floor. We perform the exercise 4–5 times.

Legs, legs, rise up,
Stretch straight towards the sun...

Now we raise the straight legs, then bend them, press them to the stomach and clasp them with our hands. We repeat the exercise 5-6 times.

All! Well done! Let's rest.
Two years? Let's recharge!

Children's exercises at 2 years old

Two-year-old children already understand a lot and can do a lot. For such children, exercises with rhymes and imitation of the movements of different animals are best suited. Such is the “beast animal”. It would be nice to perform it to cheerful music. But you shouldn’t forget about the previous exercises. They are still relevant.

Cow and calf. We depict how slowly and importantly the cow walks and how the small curious calf runs. We repeat the poem several times, alternating between walking and running.

The cow walks sternly by,
And she doesn’t know us and doesn’t want to know us!
And the little calf runs and stops:
He really wants to meet you!
(E. Moshkovskaya)

horse. We gallop like a horse, trying to raise our knees higher. On the command “whoa,” the baby should freeze in place. Then we repeat the poem and “jump” further.

- But! - we said to the horse
And they rushed off without looking back.
The mane curls in the wind.
Here is the house. Horse, whoa!
(V. Berestov)

Owl. Gently stretch your neck, turning your head left and right. Then we make slow rotations of the head in one direction and the other.

Little owl, big head,
She sat on an oak tree, turned her head,
Wings flap-flop!
Legs stomp stomp!

Bear. We tell the baby a rhyme and perform the necessary movements together. There are two ways to spin. First: the baby spins on the spot on his own. Second: baby and mother hold hands and spin.

Bear, raise your paws,
Bear, put your paws down,
Teddy bear, Teddy bear, spin around,
And then touch the ground
And rub your tummy
One, two, three, one, two, three!

Toads. Hands on the belt, we jump in place on two legs to a poem about toads. When your baby learns to confidently jump in place, you can try jumping forward.

The toads came out into the meadow,
The toads all stood in a circle.
Here they clapped their hands,
Here we jumped a little,
Let's gallop, gallop...
Oh, tired, oh, tired...

Dolphin. If you have a hoop, have your child pretend that he is a dolphin jumping through the hoop. The child takes the hoop with his hands, steps over it first with one leg, then with the other, then lifts it up along the body, lowers it down and steps back. We repeat the exercise 2-3 more times.

Our little dolphin is a champion,
He dives the best!
And also to envy you
Loves to jump on the waves!
(Yu. Kasparova)

When your baby remembers the rhymes, let him tell you the words.

Charging for children aged 3 years

Despite the fact that three-year-old children are very serious little people who strive to argue with their mother shouting “I do it myself!”, they will still be happy to do exercises accompanied by funny rhymes. But now one verse can contain several consecutive movements that are performed one after another. Tell the poems slowly so that the baby has time to figure out what he needs to do. And, of course, show the baby the movements. Each verse can be repeated several times. Surely some of them will become your baby’s favorite...

We have a nice posture
We squeezed our shoulder blades together.
We walk on our toes
And then on your heels.
Let's go softly, like little foxes,
Well, if you get tired of it,
Then let's all go clubbing,
How bears go into the forest.

In the morning the butterfly woke up
She smiled and stretched.
Once she washed herself with dew,
Two - she spun gracefully,
Three - bent down and sat down,
At four, it flew away.

Fidget-wind
Knows everything in the world. (we wave our hands above our heads)
He knows how the frog sings:
"Kwa-kwa-kwa." (squat and jump)
Knows how a shell makes noise:
“Shu-shu-shu.” (cup your palms and bring them to your right and then to your left ear)
He knows how the crow screams:
"Kar-kar-kar." (we wave our arms like wings)
He knows how a cow mooes:
"Moo-moo-moo". (clap our hands)
And how the clock goes:
“Tick-tock, tick-tock” (put your hands on your belt, bend to the sides),
And how the legs run into the forest:
“Top-top-top, top-top-top...” (running in place)
And finally, let’s stretch properly: we alternate between raising our arms up and squats.

Up to the sky, down to the grass.
Spun around, spin around
And they fell to the ground...

And exercise can also be thematic. For a three-year-old child, you can conduct an exercise-game on a specific topic. It is no longer necessary to use rhymes here, but each exercise should still be played out. For example, tell your baby that you are taking the train and going to the forest. Here's your first warm-up exercise: walking around the room at different paces simulating riding a train:

Chuk-chuk-chu, puff-chu, grunt-chu.
I don't want to stand still.
I'm turning my wheels, I'm turning them,
The wheels are knocking, knocking.
Sit down quickly, I'll give you a ride!
Chu! Chu! Chu!

We arrived in the forest. We walk along the path. Suddenly, shoo-hoo... the bird flew (we waved our “wings”, stretched our arms), and there a bunny jumped behind a stump, and there was a clumsy bear hobbling... And who is this? A fleet-footed deer runs, raising its legs high. Oh, and here a snake is crawling... A strong wind blew, the trees swayed (we tilt left and right). And here is a clearing where the strawberries are ripe (we do bends and squats, as if we were picking strawberries). There can be a lot of options for the game - imagine with your baby.

Charging: mother and baby

Starting to do morning routine exercises with a child, we, of course, think first of all about the health of our son or daughter. But don't forget about yourself! Do the exercises with your baby - it will be a good daily warm-up. You can also come up with exercises that will be a good physical activity for the mother and a wonderful fun game for the baby. Here, for example, is an effective exercise for the press. Lie on the floor on your back, place or sit the child on the shins of your legs bent at the knees and begin, holding the baby, swinging your legs up and down. Mom strengthens her abs, and the baby swings like on a swing. And then the mother will train the muscles of the arms and chest, and the baby will “fly.” We lift the baby up with outstretched arms, then press him to the chest and up again. The lighter the child, the greater the number of repetitions that can be done. And at the end of the training, the baby “jumps”, and the mother squats, while holding the baby in her arms.

Child development– this is pure creativity! It is appropriate even when we are just talking about morning exercises. Try to come up with your own set of exercises, “tuning” it to the interests of your little athlete. To do this, we find in a book, magazine or the Internet an approximate set of exercises that is suitable for the child’s age, and we put into each exercise some meaning that is understandable and interesting to the child. Does your little son really like cars? We come up with a “car” charger. Does your daughter love horses? We compose “horse” gymnastics. Let's add thematic poems to the exercises, and the complex of morning exercises is ready!

Surely, the baby will enjoy doing the exercises! How else? After all, this is mom’s exclusive! And only for him, the best, the most beloved.

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