Topic: "A Hero of Our Time" - the first psychological novel in Russian literature. A novel about an outstanding personality
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And a secret cold reigns in the soul,
When the fire boils in blood
M. Yu. Lermontov. Thought
I. "A Hero of Our Time" M. Yu. Lermontov - the first psychological novel in Russian literature, a novel about an outstanding personality. Age of Lermontov in the novel. Complexity of composition
Before studying the novel "A Hero of Our Time", one should repeat the facts of Lermontov's biography, connected with the history of his two references to the Caucasus, clarify what facts of the writer's life influenced the creation of the image of Pechorin. An emotional start to the lesson canbe reading one of the climactic scenes of the novel, for example, "Bela's Wound", "An Explanation with Mary", "The Capture of a Drunk Cossack" or others.
Lecture
The main form of work in the lesson is a lecture, during which the following theses will be developed:
1. The main period of Lermontov's work is associated with the era of the 1830s, the time of reaction and social stagnation after the defeat of the Decembrist uprising. An emotional description of this era is given in the poem "Duma". The features of his contemporaries captured in the Duma are also characteristic of Pechorin. Therefore, the "hero of our time" is a man of the 1830s.
2. The composition of the novel is specific and complex, which combines the features of romanticism and realism: this is a mismatch between the plot and the plot, the introduction of various sources of information about Pechorin, the presence of several storytellers, the special role of the landscape and subject details.
3. The opposition between Pechorin and society is revealed not in the plot of the novel, but in the form of a “projection” onto the inner world of the hero, an image of the states of his soul, although the events are based on a real historical context. Therefore, "A Hero of Our Time" is considered the first Russian socio-psychological novel.
4. Inconsistency is the main character trait of Pechorin, in the image of which the uncommon personality standing above the society around him, the strength and giftedness of his thinking and energetic nature, realized in active introspection, are combined. The courage and honesty of his character is combined with unbelief, skepticism and individualism, leading to contempt and hostility towards people. The hero is dissatisfied with modern morality, does not believe in friendship and love. But he strives to decide his own fate and be responsible for his behavior.
5. The main features of the image of Pechorin helps to reveal the system of images of the novel, each of which in its own way sets off different facets of the character of the hero. Problem analysis will be the methodological basis of the work. For this, the novel must be read in advance.
At the next stage of the lesson, the introduction to the novel can be read and its key points identified.
Discussion questions for the foreword
Paragraph 1. What is the author's opinion of the readers and the public? Why does the author accuse the reader, who has just opened the book, of “bad upbringing”?
Paragraph 2. How does the author relate to the reader's assessments of the "hero of our time"? What is the pathos of the author's reasoning?
Paragraph 3. How does Lermontov explain the features of the portrait of the "hero of our time"? What character did he want to show the reader?
Paragraph 4. What is the main goal of writing the novel? How does he intend to create a portrait of his hero?
It is interesting to compare the impressions of the preface, expressed by the students, with the opinion of N. G. Dolinina (Dolinina N. G. Pechorin and our time / N. G. Dolinina. -L., 1975. - S. 14-16), but give reading and discussing to individual students or groups small excerpts from her comments to the foreword (paragraph by paragraph).
II. Content overview
After a brief retelling of the plot of each of the novels and the most memorable fragments of the novel, it is possible to discuss the features of the genre of each novel: Bela is a romantic novella about a European's love for a savage. (Compare with Pushkin's poem "The Gypsies".)
"Maksim Maksimych" is a realistic narration of a wandering officer about a hero he had previously learned about from the stories of Maksim Maksimych.
"Taman" is a romantic story about the hero's fleeting passion for a girl who is preparing his death.
"Princess Mary" is a secular story with a "love triangle", which ends with a duel of rivals.
"Fatalist" - fantastic prose, which is inherent in the mystery and the intervention of higher powers.
Fable |
Plot |
Taman |
Bela |
Princess Mary |
Maxim Maksimych |
Bela |
|
Fatalist |
Taman |
Maxim Maksimych |
Princess Mary |
Preface to Pechorin's diary |
Fatalist |
Independent work
At the end of the lesson, a small written work on the knowledge of the text of the novel is appropriate:
1. From which chapters are these landscapes taken? Give reasons for your opinion.
a) “This valley is a glorious place! On all sides the mountains are impregnable, reddish rocks, hung with green ivy and crowned with clumps of plane trees, yellow cliffs, lined with gullies, and there is a high-high golden fringe of snow, and below Aragva, embracing another nameless river, noisily bursting out of a black gorge full of mist , stretches with a silver thread and sparkles like a snake with its scales. "
("Bela", since we are talking about the Koishaur valley.)
b) "A lot of low houses scattered along the banks of the Terek, which scatters wider and wider, flashed from behind the trees, and then the mountains turned blue like a jagged wall, and Kazbek in his white cardinal's hat peeped out from behind them."
("Maksim Maksimych", since "many low houses", Terek and Kazbek indicate that the action takes place in Vladikavkaz.)
c) “Meanwhile, the moon began to clothe itself with clouds and a fog arose on the sea; the lantern at the stern of the nearby ship barely shone through it; the foam of the boulders sparkled at the shore, threatening to sink it every minute. "
("Taman", as the fragment mentions the sea and ships.)
d) “I have a wonderful view from three sides. To the west, the five-headed Beshtu turns blue like "the last cloud of a scattered storm"; to the north, Mashuk rises like a furry Persian hat, and covers this entire part of the sky ... "
("Princess Mary", since Beshtu and Mashuk are located near Pyatigorsk and Kislovodsk, where the action takes place.)
e) “I was returning home through the empty lanes of the village; the moon, full and red like the glow of a fire, began to appear from behind the jagged horizon of the houses; the stars shone calmly
on a dark blue vault, and I felt funny when I remembered that there were once wise people who thought that the heavenly bodies were taking part in our insignificant disputes for a piece of land or for some fictitious rights! .. "
("Fatalist", since the action takes place in the village and in the passage, the philosophical reasoning of the author about the relationship between man and "heavenly bodies" is clearly visible.)
2. Who sings these songs and where?
a) As in a free will -
Across the green sea
All boats go
White-sailing ships.
(Undine girl on the roof of the hut.)
b) There are many beauties in our villages,
The stars shine in the darkness of their eyes.
It's sweet to love them, an enviable share;
But the brave will is more cheerful.
(Kazbich in conversation with Azamat at the wattle fence near his house.)
c) “Our young horsemen are slender, and their caftans are lined with silver, and the young Russian officer is slimmer than them, and the galloons on him are gold. He is like a poplar between us; onlynot to grow, not to bloom in our garden ”.
(Bela at her sister's wedding.)
3. Match the characters and their clothing items:
a) "an officer's coat without an epaulet and a Circassian furry hat"
(Maxim Maksimych);
b) "beshmet ... torn ... and the weapon is in silver"
(Kazbich);
c) "striped dress"
(undine girl);
d) "black silk beshmet"
(Bela);
e) "dusty velvet frock coat", "dirty gloves"
(Pechorin);
f) "closed dress gris de perles", "couleur puce boots"
(Princess Mary);
g) "coat, tie and vest of black color"
(Werner);
h) "straw hat", "black shawl"
(Faith);
i) "gray soldier's overcoat", "epaulettes of incredible size"
(Grushnitsky).
Where does it begin and where it ends in the romance of races
tale about Pechorin?
(In the fortress behind the Terek.)
How many storytellers are there in the novel?
(Three. Maksim Maksimych, itinerant officer, Pechorin.)
What is the chronological arrangement of the short stories?
("Taman", "Princess Mary", "Bela", "Fatalist", "Maksim Maksimych", "Preface to the" Pechorin's Journal "".)
Lesson summary
- The novel "A Hero of Our Time" is a unique phenomenon in Russian literature.
- The author pays the main attention not to the events and adventures of the hero, who has an extraordinary mind and differs from those around him in that he subjects all people to a moral test, but to the history of his soul, the reasons and motives of his behavior.
- The introspection of the characters in the novel is subjected to careful analysis by the author or narrator, which suggests that this is a psychological novel.
- The author also shows the social relations between Russians and highlanders, drawing different types of officers of the Russian army who fought in the Caucasus.
- The novel also reflected the Caucasian impressions of Lermontov himself.
Homework
Read carefully the chapters of Bela and Maksim Maksimych. Repeat the sequence analysis algorithm. Answer in writing the questions on the first two stories (chapters).
During the classes.
Organizing time. Emotional attitude. Motivation.
- Hello guys! Have a seat! My name is Irina Valentinovna, today I will give you a literature lesson.
- Look at slide 1. What do you see? (gift boxes) What do you think might be inside these boxes?
Slide 2 (it turns out, anything) this is how the first impression about a person can be deceiving.
- Do you think that during our work we will be able to learn at least a little about each other? (Yes) Sometimes, guys, a lifetime is not enough to discern a person's character, to understand his thoughts, the reasons for his certain actions.
I see you for the first time, but, nevertheless, I am sure that we will find a common language and our work with you will be successful.
2. Call.
- Look at slide 3, from which piece is this phrase taken? (Lermontov's poem "Mtsyri").
- How is Lermontov's poem related to his novel "A Hero of Our Time"? Pay attention to the question. He is key. (the author tried to reveal the soul of the hero, his experiences, to reveal the reason for his actions)
- What genre does this work belong to? Let's remember what it means
"Psychological romance"? (A psychological novel is an epic work in which attention is focused on the inner world of the hero, the movements of his soul, understanding the reasons for his actions) Whatman paper is attached to the board
-Lermontov in his novel tried to act as a psychologist. What is a psychologist? (a specialist who studies human behavior in various situations, tries to understand the reasons for this or that behavior, etc.) So today you will also try to act as psychologists.
2. Call. Reception "Tree of predictions" (Whatman with a tree is already on the board)
- So, take another look at the fundamental question and try to predict what we will be doing today? To do this, take a piece of paper, write down your forecast, read it out loud and attach it to the “tree of predictions”. (students' answers are written on pieces of paper and attached to the "Prediction tree")
- Who is this hero? (Pechorin) And now I open the second part of the topic, read it: "The riddle of the image of Pechorin"
3. Goal-setting. Slide 4
- So, who are we going to talk about, whose image to analyze? The topic of our lesson is "The Mystery of the Pechorin's Image". Please formulate the objectives of the lesson:
- To generalize knowledge in the image of Pechorin
- Try to find out what is the mystery of the image of the main character
- Create a psychological portrait of Pechorin
4. Reflection.
A) Reception of the "Association" 2 min
- Look at slide 5, what associations do you have when you see these people? What one word can you call them? (heroes). I suggest two groups to work with dictionaries, find a dictionary entry for the word "hero", and the rest of the guys tell me, who is a hero in your understanding?
B) Working with the dictionary (2 groups find dictionary entries while other children express their assumptions) Slide 6
- The word hero has several meanings. Which one is suitable for Pechorin? (Work with a dictionary, discussion in a group)
- an outstanding person for his courage, selflessness, accomplishing feats;
- the main character of a literary work;
- a person who attracts attention, who is a role model;
- a person who embodies the features of the era, environment.
Output. All meanings of the word hero, except the first, apply to our conflicting character and person.
C) Technique "Six Thinking Hats"
-So, the word hero is the key in the title of Lermontov's novel. The core of the novel is the disclosure of an extraordinary character. In various episodes, Pechorin always shows his different face. It is not his external heroic features that come to the fore, but his inner spiritual world.
- You already know a lot about Pechorin: this hero evokes the most contradictory feelings and attitudes. You can express your attitude towards the hero using the Six Thinking Hats technique. Slide 8
- Leave one representative from the group and choose the hat you like. Slide 8 (comment on each hat)
- Each hat has a mission card. Within 5 minutes, you need to complete your task, determine who from the group will come out to answer, and, putting on a hat, present the image of Pechorin according to the chosen type of thinking. (groups work with musical accompaniment)
- And so that the guests do not get bored, they also have to complete a creative task, like the group that chose the green hat.
D) Posting responses (slides 9 - 14)
Group 1 (white): Contradiction (sometimes committed rash, contradictory actions)
Group 2 (red): Passionate nature. Lermontov wrote a realistic work, but he himself was a romantic by nature. Therefore, in Pechorin passions are raging, which are carefully hidden by the hero himself. (turned pale, lost weight, cried)
Group 3 (black): Selfishness, indifference to others
Group 4 (yellow): Introspection, self-knowledge
Group 5 (green): A hero of his time
SinkwinePechorin
Lonely, strange (selfish, contradictory)
Bored, disappointed, does not forgive
A hero of his time (strives for self-knowledge or plays with the feelings of people)
Riddle (or contradiction (s) the hero of his time)
Deciphering the first letters of the word "nature" indicating the character traits of the protagonist:
H - persistent
A - ambitious
T - hard
U - smart
P - decisive
A - active
Group 6 (blue): Mysterious
- So, the writer does not give a complete picture in the understanding of the hero. The author allows us to draw completely incompatible conclusions, portraying Pechorin in our eyes as either a villain or a knight. But the character of this hero, the main features of which we have written on the board, is a reflection of the time in which our hero lived. This character has both dark and light sides.
5. Summing up. Socialization.
- Lermontov did not have such a task: to tell us the story of human life. He had another task: the “history of the human soul” was to be revealed to the reader. Lermontov needed to find a form for revealing the complex, contradictory character of the hero, which is why he shows Pechorin through the prism of double frames.
- Slide15 In "Bela" we see Pechorin as if from a window, through the double frames of the stories of Maxim Maksimych and his companion.
- Slide 16 B "MM" one frame opens: no longer two people, but one talks about his impression of Pechorin.
- Slide 17 In "Taman" - the window is wide open: the hero himself tells the reader about himself, but does not yet reveal his emotional movements - we learn a lot about the events and quite a bit - about the feelings and thoughts of the hero.
- Slide 18 Only in the last two stories - "Princess Mary" and "Fatalist" - the soul of the hero is fully revealed to us: in his diary entries.
Slide 19 And yet, in the words of the great Russian critic Belinsky, “Pechorin is hiding from us the same unsolved creature as he appears to us at the beginning of the novel,” because it is impossible to fully comprehend the human soul.
- Let's once again turn to the character traits of Pechorin. Which ones can manifest in our contemporaries? And which ones are in you?
- Slide 20 Vasily Aleksandrovich Sukhomlinsky, a Russian teacher, gives us advice: “You live among people ... Check your actions with your consciousness: do you cause harm, trouble, inconvenience to people with your actions. Make the people around you feel good. "
- What shouldn't be in a person? The one that destroys the soul is EVIL.
6. Reflection.
- Let's go back to our “Tree of Predictions”, did your predictions coincide with what we did in the lesson? Have we solved the tasks that we set ourselves?
- Slide 21 Now evaluate your work in the lesson using the ladder of success: select the level you need and attach the little man there.
Homework. Slide 22 Essay "My Pechorin" or essay reasoning "Who is the hero of our time for me? "
- I thank you for your active and fruitful work in the lesson. I wish you continued success in your literature studies, as well as successful exams!
Attached files
Theme:
THE IDEA OF THE ROMAN M. YU. LERMONTOV
"HERO OF OUR TIME". GENRE AND COMPOSITION
The purpose of the lesson: - Tasks: remind students about the characteristic features of the life of Russian society in the 30s of the XIX century, about the fate of the younger generation; to tell about the ideological concept of the novel "A Hero of Our Time" and about the responses to the publication of the work; find out the initial reader's impressions of the novel by Lermontov; dwell on the most important features of the composition (lack of a single plot, violation of the chronological order in the arrangement of parts of the work, the presence of three storytellers in the novel - the author, Maxim Maksimovich and Pechorin).Lesson type - a lesson in the assimilation of new knowledge.Equipment:
Lesson progress
Epigraph to the lesson:
"A Hero of Our Time" is by no means a collection of several novellas and short stories - it is a novel in which there is one hero and one basic idea, artistically developed.
V. G. Belinsky
I. Introductory speech of the teacher.
The novel "A Hero of Our Time" was conceived by Lermontov at the end of 1837. The main work on it began in 1838 and was completed in 1839. In the journal Otechestvennye zapiski appeared the story “Bela” (1838) with the subtitle “From the notes of an officer from the Caucasus”, at the end of 1839 the story “Fatalist” was published, and then “Taman”. Lermontov first named his novel “One of the Heroes of the Beginning of the Century”. A separate edition of the novel under the title "A Hero of Our Time" was published in 1840.
The 1830s-1840s in the history of Russia are the dark years of the Nikolaev reaction, the brutal police regime. The position of the people was unbearable, the fate of progressive thinking people was tragic. Feelings of sadness in Lermontov were caused by the fact that "the future generation has no future." Passivity, disbelief, indecision, loss of purpose in life and interest in it are the main features of the writer's contemporaries.
Lermontov, in his work, wanted to show what the Nikolaev reaction doomed the younger generation to. The very title of the novel "A Hero of Our Time" is evidence of its importance.
In the image of Pechorin, Lermontov gave an expressive realistic and psychological portrait of "a modern man as he understands him and, unfortunately, met too often"(A. I. Herzen) .
Pechorin is a richly gifted nature. The hero does not overestimate himself when he says: "I feel immense strength in my soul." With his novel, Lermontov answers why energetic and intelligent people do not find use for their remarkable abilities and "wither without a fight" at the very beginning of their life. The author's attention is drawn to the disclosure of the complex and contradictory character of the hero.
Lermontov, in the preface to the "Pechorina Journal" writes: "The history of the human soul, even the smallest soul, is almost more curious and not more useful than the history of an entire people ..."
Features of the genre... "Hero of Our Time" is the first Russianpsychological novel.
II. Clarification of the initial impressions of students about the novel "A Hero of Our Time".
Here are some ofquestions:
1. Which of the stories you read made the greatest impression on you?
2. Tell us about your attitude towards the main character.
3. What events in Pechorin's life did we learn from the chapter "Bel"?
4. In whose name is the story told? What role does this play?
5. Who is Maxim Maksimych? What do you learn about him?
6. Is Maksim Maksimych the person who is able to understand Pechorin?
7. What is your impression of the passing officer?
8. Read your favorite description of nature. What words help you feel the presence of the person painting the landscape?
III. Features of the composition of the novel.
Questions:
1. What is the plot of a work of art?
2. What elements of the plot do you know?
3. What is called a composition of a work of art? What compositional techniques have you encountered before when studying works?
4. What is the peculiarity of the composition "A Hero of Our Time"? Can you single out the elements of the plot that you know?(The peculiarity of the composition is the absence of a single plot line. The novel consists of five parts or stories, each of which has its own genre, its own plot and its own title. But the main character unites all these parts into a single novel.)
5. Let's try to imagine the difference between chronological and compositional order.
Pechorin goes to his place of service, stops in Taman, then visits Pyatigorsk, where he was exiled to the fortress for a quarrel and a duel with Grushnitsky. In the fortress, the events described in the stories "Bela" and "Fatalist" take place with him. A few years later, Pechorin meets with Maxim Maksimych.Chronological order of the stories:
1. "Taman".
2. "Princess Mary".
3. Bela.
4. "Fatalist".
5. "Maxim Maksimych".
Lermontov violates the order of the stories. In the novel, they follow:
1. "Bela".
2. "Maxim Maksimych".
3. "Taman".
4. "Princess Mary".
5. "Fatalist".
The last three stories are the diary of the protagonist,
a life story written by him.
Questions:
1) Why does Lermontov build his novel in this way?
2) What makes you think about such a composition?
3) In what form were the first two stories written? the last three?
Conclusions. “Pechorin is the main character of the novel. The characters are in contrast. The point is to emphasize: Pechorin is the center of the story, the Hero of his time. The composition of the work (change of narrators, violation of the chronology of events, genre of travel and diary notes, grouping of characters) helps to reveal the character of Pechorin, to reveal the reasons that gave birth to him "*.
IV. Responses to the novel by M. Yu. Lermontov “A Hero of Our Time
me ".
1. S. Burachek : Pechorin is a "monster", "slander against a whole generation."
2. S. Shevyrev : "Pechorin - there is only one ghost, thrown at us by the West."
3. V. Belinsky : "Pechorin ... a hero of our time."
4. A. Herzen : "Pechorin is" Onegin's younger brother. "
Questions:
1) Which critic is more objective in assessing Pechorin?
2) How does Lermontov himself speak of Pechorin in the preface?
Reading the preface.
("... The Hero of Our Time, my dear sirs, is like a portrait made up of the vices of our entire generation, in their full development ...")
Homework.
1. The stories "Bela", "Maxim Maksimych". (Heroes, content, features of composition and genre, attitude to Pechorin.)
2. Make a plan for the story "Bela", title the parts.
Summary of a literature lesson in grade 9. The date of the_____________________
Theme: "STRANGE MAN" PECHORIN (ANALYSIS OF THE CONTENT OF THE CHAPTERS "BELA" AND "MAXIM MAXIMYCH") The purpose of the lesson: - to arouse interest in the novel by M.Yu. Lermontov.Tasks: to interest students in the content of the stories "Bela", "Maksim Maksimych"; find out the features of the plot, composition, genre; by analyzing episodes to deepen ideas about the character of the protagonist, try to explain some of Pechorin's "oddities", tell about his actions and deeds (try to understand them), about relations with other characters.Lesson type - a commented lesson.Equipment: presentation, textbook, notebooks, cards.
During the classes
I. Homework survey.
1. What is the peculiarity of the construction of Lermontov's novel "A Hero of Our Time"?
2. What does such a composition make you think about?
II. Bela's story. (Heroes, content, features of the genre and composition, the attitude of the heroes of the story to Pechorin.)
1. Conversation on questions:
1) How many parts can the content of the story be divided into? What headlines to come up with?
2) In whose name is the story being told? In what form is it written?(The story is told on behalf of the author and Maksim Maksimych. Genre - travel notes: "... I'm not writing a story, but travel notes.")
3) What interesting things can you tell about the author and Maksim Maksimych?
The author is a “new” man in the Caucasus, yearning for his native land. He is curious, has a desire to "draw" some exciting story from Maksim Maksimych. The author is educated, observant, admires the wonderful nature of the Caucasus.
Head-captain Maksim Maksimych is an experienced person in the Caucasus, accustomed to a harsh life. Army service taught him responsibility and discipline, but did not harden him. Maxim Maksimych is disinterested and kind. Knowing well the life of the mountaineers, he knows how to understand their actions, appreciate strength and courage. His speech, although not always correct, is always sincere. Belinsky notes that Maksim Maksimych speaks "in a simple, rude language, but always picturesque, always touching and amazing ...". Acquaintance with Pechorin and joint service is an exceptional event in the monotonous life of a staff captain.
2. Retelling-analysisepisodes "Abduction of Bela" and "Death of Bela". Can be usedquestions:
1) Mentally reproduce the psychological state of Pechorin.
2) How do these episodes characterize the main character?
3) Why do you blame Pechorin?
4) What traits of his character are commendable? Why?
5) Is Pechorin's love for the mountain girl Bele a real feeling or is it just a hobby - a whim?
6) In what does Maksim Maksimych see Pechorin's strangeness?
Pechorin attracts the attention of others and arouses the interest of the author. But the author's attitude to the hero is contradictory. Oddities are striking both in appearance and in the character of Pechorin. Courage, energy, courage, noble impulses are combined in him with lethargy and indifference.
The story with Bela shows that Pechorin has a strong will, he knows how to achieve his goal. This arouses sympathy for him. But at the same time, the author condemns him for petty and selfish actions, the habit of reckoning only with his own desires.
The contradictoriness of Pechorin is revealed in the subsequent chapters of the novel in full, revealing the "illness" of the generation of that time.
3. Retelling-analysisstory "Maksim Maksimych" or reading by roles. Can be usedquestions:
1) What is the impression of what you read?
2) What are the features of the portrait of Pechorin? How does it differ from the portrait given by Maxim Maksimych in the story "Bela"?
3) What is the role of the narrator in the story?
4) How does Lermontov's ideological plan manifest itself?
5) Analyze the episode of Pechorin's meeting with the captain. Can Pechorin and Maxim Maksimych be called friends?
6) How do you explain the coldness of Pechorin? Why didn't he stay to dine with the captain?
7) What traits of Pechorin's character were revealed in the last meeting with Maxim Maksimych?
8) Which hero do you sympathize with?
9) What, in your opinion, should their meeting be?
10) What is the place and meaning of the story "Maxim Maksimych" in the novel?
(The compositional role of the story "Maxim Maksimych" is great. It is like a connecting link between "Bela" and "Pechorin's Journal." It explains how the magazine got to the author, a visiting officer.
The plot of the story is also simple. But the meeting between Pechorin and Maxim Maksimych is sad. Coldness, indifference and selfishness of the protagonist have grown. Travel is the last attempt to somehow fill your life with something useful, new impressions.)
The most important means of characterizing Pechorin in this story is a psychological portrait (features of appearance, the reflection of complex emotional experiences in it, the psychologism of the portrait).
Homework.
1. The story "Taman". Reading, retelling the plot. What is the meaning of the confrontation between Pechorin and the smugglers?
2. Analysis of the episodes "The Scene in the Boat" and "Yanko's Farewell to the Blind Boy". What's new about the main character?
3. Observations on the composition "Taman", the description of nature, the speech of the characters.
Summary of a literature lesson in grade 9. The date of the_____________________
Theme:
PECHORIN IN THE "CIRCLE OF HONEST
́
X SMUGGLERS "
("TAMAN").
The purpose of the lesson:
-
to arouse interest in the novel by M.Yu. Lermontov.Tasks:
to interest students in the romantic plot of the story "Taman"; pay attention to the unusual composition of the story and its role in revealing the character of the protagonist; by analyzing the episodes, the actions of the heroes, to deepen the idea of Pechorin as a brave, active and decisive person, but without the purpose and meaning of life; highlight the features of the writer's artistic skill in the story "Taman".Lesson type
–Commented lesson.Equipment:
presentation, textbook, notebooks, cards.
During the classes
I. Reading the preface to the "Pechorin Journal".
Question:How does the preface reveal the author's attitude to his hero?("Taman" is the first story from the "Pechorin Journal". Lermontov emphasizes the sincerity of the protagonist, who "mercilessly exposed his own weaknesses and vices."
II. Brief retelling of the plot of "Taman". (The plot of the story is determined by the character of the hero, his great desire to find “the key to this riddle”.)
Questions:
1. What is interesting about the story?
2. How is it built?
3. What is the meaning of the collision of Pechorin with the smugglers?
4. What seemed to Pechorin strange and mysterious in the behavior and character of the owners?
III. Episode analysis (by groups):
1stgroup... "Scene in the boat". (What explains the behavior of the girl in the boat? What traits of Pechorin's character were manifested in this scene?)
2ndgroup... "Yanko's Farewell to the Blind Boy". (What distinguishes the author in Yanko's appearance? What character traits does the author poetize? How does he convey the grief of the blind man? Why did Pechorin, who saw Yanko's farewell to the blind, "feel sad"?)
A beautiful “undine” is a strong and selfless nature, capable of taking risks. The proof is her fight in the boat.
Lermontov emphasizes Yanko's dexterity and courage, his love for will and freedom, and at the same time speaks of his indifference and callousness towards the blind boy.
IV. Conversation about the main character.
Questions:
1. What made Pechorin "intervene" in the events, become their participant?
2. How is his character revealed in the adventure in Taman?
3. Is the hero happy?
4. What does he blame himself for?
5. Why calls "the circle is honest́ x smugglers "to" peaceful "?
Pechorin is an active, active nature, fearless and persistent. But his actions, mind, observation, energy bring only misfortune. When the secret of the smugglers was revealed, "the aimlessness of Pechorin's decisive actions was exposed"(N.I. Gromov) ... "There is no goal in his life, his actions are accidental, his activity is fruitless, and Pechorin is unhappy."(Z. Ya. Rez) .
V. Mastery of Lermontov.
Z. Ya. Rez singles out in the story "Taman":
1. Skill in building a story (tension in the development of an action, conditioned by its character of a hero, clarity and harmony of composition, absence of secondary details, richness of action).
2. The variety of ways to create images of characters.
3. The nature and role of the landscape in "Taman".
4. Conciseness, clarity and simplicity of style in descriptions.
5. Vivid individualization of the character's speech.
Homework.
Reading the story "Princess Mary". Pechorin's attitude to the noble circle.
Summary of a literature lesson in grade 9. The date of the_____________________
Theme: "THE LIFE STORY OF PECHORIN WRITTEN BY HIMSELF" ("PRINCESS MARY"). The purpose of the lesson: - to arouse interest in the novel by M.Yu. Lermontov.Tasks: to consider the conflict of Pechorin with the surrounding noble environment, to show the inevitability of this collision; give students the opportunity to express their views on the personality of Pechorin, his friends and enemies; analyze the episode "Duel of Pechorin with Grushnitsky", find out how the characters of the heroes are revealed in this episode; consider illustrations, drawings by artists M. Vrubel, V. Serov, D. Shmarinov and others to the story "Princess Mary", try to explain what attitude the artists expressed towards Pechorin.
Visual aids: illustrations and drawings by M. Vrubel, V. Serov, D. Shmarinov and others to the story "Princess Mary".Lesson type - a commented lesson.Equipment: presentation, textbook, notebooks, cards.
During the classes
Epigraph to the lesson:
Why do they all hate me? My gall was agitated. I began jokingly - and ended with sincere anger ...
M. Lermontov. Hero of our time.
(Words of the main character of the work - Pechorin)
I. The image of the noble society in the story "Princess Mary".
Pyatigorsk. The noble "water society" is the social environment to which Pechorin belongs.
Conversation on questions:
1. Tell us about Lermontov's attitude to the noble society.
2. How is this society shown in the novel? (List those heroes of the work who sympathize with Pechorin, who hate him, who “just endure”.)
3. How is the life of the representatives of the "water society" going? What are their occupations, interests?
4. How does Pechorin turn out to be in this environment?
5. How do Pechorin's needs and ideals differ from the ideals of a "water society"?
Lermontov satirically depicts a noble society. The arrived Moscow nobility, the steppe landowners, the local elite, visiting officers - the heterogeneous "water society" of Pyatigorsk. Numerous novels and hobbies, gossip, maps, walks, balls - this is what interests the secular society of Pyatigorsk.
Against the "background" of these gentlemen, the clever and decisive Pechorin stands out brighter. He despises both the Moscow nobility and the Pyatigorsk noble society. A conflict between Pechorin and society is inevitable.
Lermontov convinces that such a hypocritical and empty society is not capable of nominating real heroes from its midst. In Pechorin, however, an intense work of thought is constantly going on, he is persistent, he himself analyzes his actions, sympathies and antipathies, seeks to "get to the bottom".
II. Pechorin and Grushnitsky. Analysis of the episode "Duel of Pechorin
with Grushnitsky ".
Conversation on questions:
1. Tell us about Grushnitsky.
2. Why does Pechorin despise him?
3. What apt characteristics do Pechorin and the author give him?(Grushnitsky is a “poser.” “His goal is to become the hero of a novel.” “To produce effect is his pleasure.” “He does not know people and their weak strings, because he has been busy with himself for a whole life.” “There are many good qualities in their souls , but not a penny of poetry. ")
4. Reading the scene of the duel (or retelling, close to the text).
5. What caused the quarrel?
6. Did Pechorin want a duel and Grushnitsky's death? (Provide quotes that help to understand the state of mind of the protagonist.)
7. Could he have done otherwise?
8. The night before the duel. What sides of Pechorin's soul open up to readers? What explains Grushnitsky's hatred of Pechorin?
9. How are the characters of Pechorin and Grushnitsky revealed in the duel scene?
10. Does this duel look like a duel between Onegin and Lensky?
According to Belinsky, Grushnitsky is a standard of "ideal phrasemongers" that were encountered "at every step." Contrasted in everything with Pechorin, in his leading features he personifies the disappointment and false romanticism fashionable in the 30s of the 19th century.
The portrait of Grushnitsky is not given in statics, but constantly changes depending on the state of mind of the hero. Minded in mind, envious and vain, all "woven" of falsehood, Grushnitsky prefers a false posture to natural movements. The main thing for him is to produce an effect, to seem tragic and mysterious.
People like Grushnitsky, according to Pechorin, in old age "become either peaceful landowners, or drunkards, sometimes both."
But Grushnitsky did not live to see old age. He became entangled in lies and intrigues and was killed in a duel with Pechorin. In the last moments in Grushnitskiy "there was a struggle", which manifested itself in depression and embarrassment, in the admission of his wrongness. He passed away with the words: "I despise myself."
Pechorin left the enemy "the possibility of a peaceful outcome." He fired when Grushnitsky shouted: "There is no place for us on earth together." But is Pechorin happy with this outcome? There is no joy and triumph of the winner. Pechorin's state of mind is difficult. He has "in his heart ... a stone." But at the same time, there are hidden forces in Pechorin, the ability to endure the condemnation of people and remain yourself.
III. Working with illustrations.
Questions:
1. How did the artists portray the heroes of Lermontov's novel?
2. What mood of Pechorin and the seconds are conveyed in the drawings?
Homework.
Reading the chapter "Fatalist", reports ormessagesabout Pechorin's attitude to Mary, Vera.
Summary of a literature lesson in grade 9. The date of the_____________________
Theme:
“… I ALWAYS GO BOLDER WHEN I DON'T KNOW,
WHAT TO EXPECT ME "(THE STORY" FATALIST ")
The purpose of the lesson: - to arouse interest in the novel by M.Yu. Lermontov.Tasks: to define the main idea of the story "Fatalist"; deepen the students' understanding of the character, behavior and actions of the protagonist; help to comprehend the plot-compositional role of the story "Fatalist".
Lesson type - a commented lesson.Equipment: presentation, textbook, notebooks, cards.
During the classes
I. Implementation of homework.
Student speeches with reports (ormessages) about Pechorin's attitude to women.
1. Pechorin and Princess Mary.
Questions:
1) Why did Pechorin need to plot an intrigue with Mary?
2) What deeds and actions did Princess Mary despise?
3) Why did Mary fall in love with Pechorin after all?
2. Analysis of the episode "Pechorin's Farewell to Mary".
Question:What new things did you learn about the characters from this scene?
3. Pechorin's attitude to Vera.
Questions:
1) Is Pechorin capable of feeling - love?
2) Could the heroes - Vera and Pechorin - stay together and be happy?
Love for Pechorin gave nothing to Mary or Vera, except for suffering. Pechorin, even those whom he sincerely loved and respected, could not make happy (“... he loved for himself, for his own pleasure,” “did not sacrifice anything for those whom he loved”). In love, Pechorin is an egoist.
But the heroines (both Vera and Mary) singled out among many ... Pechorin. This "makes you see the unusualness of the hero, the spiritual beauty hidden in him, and enhance the charm of the hero."
II. The story "Fatalist".
The story "Fatalist" ends Pechorin's diary and the whole novel as a whole.
Pechorin is in a familiar circle of officers. Events are taking place on the Caucasian line.
Questionsfor students:
1. Briefly retell the content of the story.
2. Why does the chapter "Fatalist" end the novel? What is fatalism?
3. Is there rock, destiny or not? What explains the fact that Pechorin for some time believed in predestination?
4. What thoughts does the main character think of the contemplation of the night sky?
5. What conclusion can be drawn after the death of Vulich? Is there a predestination or not?
5. What is the final conclusion that the author brings us, talking about the episode of the capture of a drunken Cossack?
Output... The author of his story wanted to say that in the life of people there are many accidents, circumstances, but in spite of everything, one must act, fight, show one's will and determination.
“As for me, I always go forward more boldly when I don’t know what awaits me,” says Pechorin.
III. Composition of the story "Fatalist".
If time remains, you can draw up a composition scheme.
A. A. Murashova proposes suchschema* :
1. An episode with Vulich (there is a destiny).
2. Reflections of the hero while contemplating the starry sky (doubts about the existence of predestination).
3. The death of Vulich (rock exists).
4. Capture of a drunken Cossack (Pechorin challenges fate and wins thanks to accurate calculation, dexterity, strength).
Output.In any case, you need to act.
Homework.
The image of Pechorin. Make a plan for the image, pick up quotes.
Summary of a literature lesson in grade 9. The date of the_____________________
Theme:
“MY WHOLE LIFE WAS ONLY A CHAIN OF SAD
AND UNSUCCESSFUL CONTRADICTIONS TO THE HEART OR MIND "
(IMAGE OF PECHORIN).
The purpose of the lesson: - to arouse interest in the novel by M.Yu. Lermontov. Tasks:
Lesson type - a commented lesson.Equipment: presentation, textbook, notebooks, cards.
During the classes
Epigraph to the lesson:
I look sadly at our generation.
M. Yu. Lermontov
I. Conversation with students about the hero of Lermontov's novel, drawing up a plan for the image of Pechorin.
Exemplary plan to the image of Pechorin :
I. Pechorin is the central image of the novel "A Hero of Our Time". The variety of means of its characterization.
II. The tragedy of fate and life of Pechorin.
1. The story of the hero.
2. Inconsistency of Pechorin's life with his internal capabilities and needs:
1) uncommonness in the richness of interests, the complexity of the spiritual world, the critical mindset;
2) the thirst for action and the constant search for the use of their powers as a distinctive feature of Pechorin;
3) his inconsistency and discord with himself;
4) the growth of selfishness, individualism and indifference in the character of the hero.
3. Pechorin - one of the representatives of the progressive noble intelligentsia of the 30s:
1) his closeness to the best people of the 30s and Lermontov;
2) features that make Pechorin akin to the heroes of The Duma.
III. The reasons for the death of Pechorin:
1. The socio-political situation in Russia in the 30s.
2. Lack of public inquiries and a sense of homeland.
3. Education and the influence of light.
IV. Similarities and differences between Onegin and Pechorin.
V. The value of the image of Pechorin in the social and literary struggle of the 30-40s.
II. Conclusions.
The leading theme of "A Hero of Our Time" is the depiction of the socially typical personality of the nobility in the 30s of the 19th century, that is, after the defeat of the Decembrist uprising. The main idea of the novel is the condemnation of this personality and the social environment that gave birth to it.
NG Chernyshevsky correctly noted that Lermontov "presents his Pechorin as an example of how the best, strongest, noblest people become under the influence of the social situation."
Nikolayev's reality deprived Pechorin of a high goal and thought in life, the hero is bored, he constantly "feels his uselessness." Life confronts Pechorin with a variety of people. He wishes no one harm, but nevertheless causes it. For the hero, the people around him are only a means of satisfying curiosity, dispelling boredom or experiencing new adventures. He is selfish. "In the first place with him," writes Belinsky, "he is always himself, his desires."
The character and behavior of Pechorin are extremely contradictory.
But for what purpose did he live? “And, it’s true, it existed, and, it’s true, there was a high purpose for me, because I feel immense strength in my soul,” Pechorin reflects.
Lermontov also writes about the positive qualities of his hero. He notes the deep mind of Pechorin, a huge thirst for life, activity, strong will, courage, perseverance in achieving goals, and most importantly - the desire for self-knowledge. Unable to realize himself, he directs all the forces of his soul to self-knowledge, and his energy to petty and unworthy deeds and actions. “… I was carried away by the lures of empty and ungrateful passions,… I have lost forever the ardor of noble aspirations,” the hero says.
In the 1930s, progressive people understood service to the motherland and the people as "noble aspirations". Therefore, Pechorin criticizes himself that, "despising his contemporaries for the pettiness of their existence, he himself did not serve lofty goals."(N.I. Gromov) .
III. VG Belinsky about the novel "A Hero of Our Time".
“A deep sense of reality,” wrote Belinsky, “the correct instinct of truth, simplicity, artistic depiction of characters, richness of content, irresistible charm of presentation, poetic language, deep knowledge of the human heart and modern society, the breadth and boldness of the brush, the strength and power of the spirit, luxurious fantasy , an inexhaustible abundance of aesthetic life, originality and originality - these are the qualities of this work, which is a completely new world of art "(V.G.Belinsky) .
The final lesson in the image of Pechorin can be conducted in the form of a literary trial of Pechorin.
Who is Pechorin? Let's give the floor to the "investigator". In the case are "witnesses": Maxim Maksimych, Grushnitsky, Princess Mary, Vera, Doctor Werner, the author himself - Lermontov.
Constant dialogue between defendant Pechorin, judge, investigator, lawyer, prosecutor *.
Homework.
1. Synopsis of Belinsky's article "A Hero of Our Time".
2. Prepare for the essay, repeat the questions from the textbook at the end of the topic.
Lessons
50–51
COMPOSITION ON THE CREATIVITY OF M.YU. LERMONTOV
Sample Topics:
1. Poem by M. Yu. Lermontov "When the yellowing cornfield is worried ..." (Perception, interpretation, assessment.)
2. Poem by M. Yu. Lermontov "No, I do not love you so ardently ..." (Perception, interpretation, assessment.)
3. The fate of the generation of the 30s in the lyrics of M. Yu. Lermontov.
4. What is close to us the poetry of M. Yu. Lermontov.
5. The last meeting of Pechorin and Maxim Maksimych. (Analysis of an episode from the novel by M. Yu. Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time".)
6. The scene of the capture of the Cossack assassin in the novel by M. Yu. Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time". (Analysis of the episode from the chapter "Fatalist".)
7. "We have become friends ..." (Pechorin and Werner in M. Yu. Lermontov's novel "A Hero of Our Time".)
8. Pechorin and the "water society" in the novel by M. Yu. Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time".
9. The theme of fate in the novel by M. Yu. Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time", Pechorin and Vulich.
10. Grushnitsky and Pechorin. Comparative characteristics.
11. The tragedy of Pechorin.
12. Nature in the image of M. Yu. Lermontov (based on the novel "A Hero of Our Time").
13. "A Hero of Our Time" M. Yu. Lermontov is an eternal book.
14. Favorite pages in the novel by M. Yu. Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time".
Homework.
Individual performancesstudents by groups:
1stgroup... "Gogol's childhood and adolescence."
2ndgroup... "In the Nizhyn gymnasium."
3rdgroup."Evenings on a farm near Dikanka" (read 2-3 stories).
4thgroup... Collection "Mirgorod".
5thgroup... Gogol the playwright.
6thgroup... The last years of the life of the writer.
Summary of a literature lesson in grade 9. The date of the_____________________
Theme:
The purpose of the lesson: to reveal the assimilation of the topic.
Tasks: help students comprehend the character of the protagonist, understand the drama of an outstanding personality; find out how the hero himself evaluates his life and himself; to determine the attitude of Lermontov to his hero.Lesson type - control of knowledge and skills.Equipment: tests.
During the classes
I. Test work.
Exercise 1.
Mikhail Yurievich Lermontov lived:
1. In 1814-1841.
2. In 1824-1849.
3. In 1812-1837.
Task 2.
Define the motives (themes) of M. Yu. Lermontov's lyrics by groups of poem titles:
1. "Letter", "Chalice of Life", "Monologue", "Angel", "K ***".
2. "Monologue", "Cemetery", "Confession", "Death", "Earth and Sky".
3. "Death of a Poet", "Dagger", "Poet", "Journalist, Reader and Writer", "Prophet".
4. "Novgorod", "Complaints of a Turk", "Sail", "Desire", "Goodbye, unwashed Russia ...", "Dagger".
5. "Homeland", "Borodino", "Farewell, unwashed Russia ...".
6. “Both boring and sad ...”, “Cliff”, “In the wild north”, “Prisoner”, “Neighbor”, “Neighbor”, “Captive Knight”.
7. "I am writing to you", "Caucasus".
the theme of poet and poetry
love lyrics
the motive of fighting against God
homeland theme
nature theme
philosophical lyrics
freedom-loving lyrics
Task 3.
Determine the size of versification:
And the proud Demon will not lag behind,
As long as I live, from me,
And he will illuminate my mind
A ray of heavenly fire.
Shows the image of perfection
And suddenly it will take away forever.
And, giving a premonition of bliss,
Will never give me happiness.
1. Yamb.
2. Chorea.
3. Dactyl.
4. Amphibrachium.
5. Anapest.
Task 4.
Indicate the number of feet in the verse: "I am sitting behind bars in a damp dungeon ..."
1.2 feet.
2. 3 feet.
Task 5.
Determine the period of the poet's creativity, to which the indicated poems and poems of Lermontov belong:
1. "Mtsyri", "Demon", "What's the use of living ...".
2. "Prayer", "In memory of A. I. Odoevsky", "Testament".
romantic
realistic
Task 6.
Find metaphors and comparisons in the lines below:
1. "In the space of abandoned luminaries ..."
2. "Kazbek is underneath, like the edge of a diamond ..."
metaphor
comparison
Task 7.
Hyperbola is:
1. One of the tropes, which consists in deliberate implausibility, artistic understatement, emotionally affecting the reader.
2. Such an image of inanimate or abstract objects, in which they are endowed with the properties of living beings.
3. One of the tropes: artistic exaggeration that enhances any qualities or results of actions and emotionally affects the reader.
Task 8.
Underline the hyperboles used in the text:
I am the one whose gaze destroys hope,
I'm the one that nobody loves
I am the scourge of my earthly slaves.
I am the king of knowledge and freedom.
I am the enemy of heaven.
I am the evil of nature.
And, you see, I'm at your feet!
I brought you in tenderness
A quiet prayer of love
Earthly first torment
And my first tears.
Task 9.
According to the ideological content of Lermontov's works, determine their names:
1. The exaltation of man in his striving for freedom, for unlimited knowledge of the world, the search for “eternal renewal”, “eternal rebirth”, “history of the soul” of the protagonist - a powerful personality with unrealized possibilities.
2. A protest against the stifling bondage that enslaves man, the poeticization of struggle as a natural expression of human strength, a call for freedom, an affirmation of love for the motherland.
3. Protection of honor, rights and dignity of a person, a call for freedom, a clash of two opposing forces.
"Song about the merchant Kalashnikov ...".
"Mtsyri".
"Daemon".
Task 10.
To what ideological and aesthetic direction in literature does the novel "A Hero of Our Time" belong?
1. Romanticism.
2. Critical realism.
3. Sentimentalism.
4. Educational realism.
5. Classicism.
Task 11.
The theme of a work of art is:
1. Characters and situations taken by the author from reality and transformed in a certain way in the system of this artistic world.
2. The main episodes of the event series of a literary work in their artistic sequence, provided for by the composition of this work.
3. The main generalizing idea of a literary work, the main problem posed in it by the writer.
Task 12.
Define the idea of the novel "A Hero of Our Time":
1. The image of the socially typical personality of the noble circle after the defeat of the Decembrist uprising, analysis of modern society and psychology.
2. Condemnation of the typical personality of the noble circle and the social environment that gave birth to it.
Task 13.
About whom it is said: “In nothing he sees the law for himself, except himself”?
1. About Pechorin.
2. Onegin.
3. To Dr. Werner.
4. Grushnitsky.
Task 14.
What is the tragedy of Pechorin?
1. In conflict with others.
2. In dissatisfaction with the surrounding reality and in his characteristic individualism and skepticism. In a clear understanding of his inconsistency, the gap "between the depth of nature and the pitiful actions" (V. G. Belinsky).
3. In indifference to everything that surrounds him: people, events.
4. Selfishness.
Task 15.
Determine who owns the listed characteristics:
1. Direct, whole, honest, kind, generous, sane, "an honest soul and a heart of gold", courageous and humble to the point of self-deprecation, humble, loyal.
2. "The standard of ideal phrase-mongers", incapable of "either real good or real evil," narrow-minded, impersonal, boastful, proud, envious, false, with unfounded conceit.
3. A commoner of progressive views, materialist by conviction, critical and satirical mind. A high noble soul, a man of great culture, skeptic and pessimist, honest and direct, humane.
4. Direct, spontaneously passionate, sacrificially loving.
5. Smart, well-read, noble, morally pure.
Grushnitsky.
Princess Mary.
Maxim Maksimych.
Dr. Werner.
Bela.
Task 16.
Who of the heroes of the novel is the story about?
“He was a nice fellow, I dare to assure you, only a little strange. After all, for example, in the rain, in the cold all day on the hunt, everyone will be chilled, tired - but he has nothing. And another time he sits in his room, the wind smells, he says that he has caught a cold, the shutter will knock, he will shudder and turn pale, and in my presence he went to see the wild boar one-on-one.BIt used to be that you can't get a word for hours on end, but sometimes, as you begin to tell, you will tear your bellies with laughter ... Yes, sir, I was very strange ... "
1. Grushnitsky.
2. Pechorin.
3. Maxim Maksimych.
4. Dr. Werner.
Task 17.
In order to emphasize the ideological essence of the novel, to increase its tension, to strengthen the impression of the strangeness, contradictory and tragic character of the hero and to show more clearly the ruined possibilities of his rare nature, the chronology of the events of the novel has been disrupted. Restore the chronological sequence of events in "A Hero of Our Time".
1. "Bela".
2. "Maxim Maksimych".
3. Preface to the journal Pechorin.
4. "Taman".
5. The end of the journal Pechorin.
6. "Princess Mary".
7. "Fatalist".
Task 18.
Determine whose portrait it is.
“... He was a wonderful person for many reasons. He was a skeptic and a materialist ... and at the same time a poet, and in earnest, a poet in fact always and often in words, although he never wrote two poems in his life. He studied all the living strings of the human heart ... He was small in stature and thin and weak as a child ... His small black eyes, always restless, tried to penetrate your thoughts. There was taste and neatness in his clothes, his thin little hands flaunted in light yellow gloves. His coat, tie and waistcoat were always black. "
1. Grushnitsky.
2. Pechorin.
3. Werner.
4. Maxim Maksimych.
Task 19.
The psychological nature of the landscape in the novel precedes the state of the characters, events, and their outcome. What event does this landscape precede?
“... Around, lost in the golden fog of the morning, the tops of the mountains were crowded like an innumerable herd, and Elbrus in the south stood up like a white bulk, closing the chain of icy peaks, between which filamentary clouds were already wandering from the east. I went to the edge of the platform and looked down, my head almost started spinning: it seemed dark and cold down there, as in a coffin; the mossy teeth of the rocks, thrown off by thunder and time, were waiting for their prey. "
1. Duel of Pechorin and Grushnitsky.
2. The abduction of Karagez.
3. The death of Bela.
4. Shot Vulich.
Task 20.
By characteristic features, determine to which genre the work of M. Yu. Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time" belongs:
1. In Russian medieval literature, this was the name of any work telling about an event.
2. A short dynamic story with a poignant plot and an unexpected ending.
3. The genre of the epic, in which the main problem is the problem of personality and which seeks to depict with the greatest completeness all the diverse connections of man with the surrounding reality, all the complexity of the world and man.
Task 21.
Pechorin's name was:
1. Maxim Maksimych.
2. Grigory Alexandrovich.
3. Sergey Alexandrovich.
4. Alexander Grigorievich.
III. Lesson summary.
GM Friedlander writes: “Pechorin is both an actor and a director of his life drama; getting into new circumstances, each time he puts on a new play, in which the hero himself plays the main role. Each short story is another such "play" staged and performed by the hero himself. "
Which of the "plays" staged and performed by Pechorin was he most successful? In which role does he show his true face?
Homework:
1) repeat the biography of Gogol from the textbook;
2) an individual task: the message "Interesting about Gogol."
M.Yu. Lermontov. Lyrics.
1. M.Yu. Lermontov lived:
1. 1814 – 1841 2. 1824 – 1849 3. 1812 – 1837
2. Identify the motives (themes) of Lermontov's lyrics by groups of poem titles:
1. "Letter", "Chalice of Life", "Monologue", "Angel", "K ***".
2. "Monologue", "Cemetery", "Confession", "Death", "Earth and Sky".
3. "Death of a Poet", "Dagger", "Poet", "Journalist, Reader and Writer", "Prophet".
4. "Novgorod", "Complaints of a Turk", "Sail", "Desire", "Goodbye, unwashed Russia ...", "Dagger".
5. "Homeland", "Borodino", "Farewell, unwashed Russia ...".
6. "Both boring and sad ...", "Cliff", "In the wild north ...", "Prisoner", "Neighbor", "Neighbor", "Captive Knight".
7. "I am writing to you ...", "Caucasus".
3. Determine the size of versification:
“And the proud Demon will not lag behind,
As long as I live, from me,
And he will illuminate my mind
A ray of wonderful fire.
Shows the image of perfection
And suddenly it will take away forever.
And, giving a premonition of bliss,
Will never give me happiness. "
1. iambic 2. trochee 3. dactyl 4. amphibrachium 5. anapest.
4. Indicate the number of feet in the verse:
"I am sitting behind bars in a damp dungeon ..."
1.2 feet 2.3 feet
5. Determine the period of the poet's creativity, to which the specified poems and poems of Lermontov belong:
1. "Mtsyri", "Demon", "What's the use of living"
2. "Prayer", "In memory of AI Odoevsky", "Testament".
1.Romantic
2.realistic
6. Find metaphors and comparisons in the following lines:
1. "In the space of abandoned luminaries."
2. "Kazbek is underneath, like the edge of a diamond"
1.metaphor 2.comparison
7. Hyperbola is:
1. One trope of deliberately implausible artistic understatement that emotionally affects the reader.
2. The image of inanimate or abstract objects, in which they are endowed with the properties of living beings.
3. One of the tropes, artistic exaggeration that enhances any qualities or results of actions and emotionally affects the reader.
8. Indicate hyperboles in the text:
“I am the one whose gaze destroys hope,
I'm the one that nobody loves
I am the scourge of my earthly slaves.
I am the king of knowledge and freedom.
I am the enemy of heaven. I am the evil of nature.
And, you see, I'm at your feet!
I brought you in tenderness
A quiet prayer of love
Earthly first torment
And my first tears ”.
M.Yu. Lermontov. Lyrics. Key.
1. 1
2. 1 - love l., 2 - the motive of fighting against God, 3 - the theme of poet and poetry, 4 - freedom-loving l., 5 - the theme of the motherland, 6 - philosophical l., 7 - the theme of nature.
3. 1
4. 2
5. 1 - romantic, 2 - realistic.
6.1 - metaphor, 2 - comparison.
7. 3
8.none
Summary of a literature lesson in grade 9. The date of the_____________________
Theme: FINAL WORK ON THE CREATIVITY OF M. Yu. LERMONTOV
The purpose of the lesson: to reveal the assimilation of the topic.
Tasks: help students comprehend the character of the protagonist, understand the drama of an outstanding personality; find out how the hero himself evaluates his life and himself; to determine the attitude of Lermontov to his hero.Lesson type - control of knowledge and skills.Equipment: tests.
M.Yu. Lermontov Roman "A Hero of Our Time".
1. To what ideological and aesthetic direction in literature does M.Yu. Lermontov's novel "A Hero of Our Time" belong?
1.Romanticism 2.Critical Realism
3.sentimentalism 4. enlightenment realism 5. classicism
2. The theme of a work of art is:
1. Characters and situations taken by the author from reality and transformed in a certain way in the system of this artistic world.
2. The main episodes of the event series of a literary work in their artistic sequence, provided for by the composition of this work.
3. The main generalizing idea of a literary work, the main problem posed in it by the writer.
3. Define the idea of the novel "a hero of our time":
1. The image of the socially typical personality of the noble circle after the defeat of the Decembrist uprising, analysis of modern society and psychology.
2. Condemnation of the typical personality of the noble circle and the social environment that gave birth to it.
4. About whom it is said: "In nothing he sees the law for himself, except himself."
1. Pechorin 2. Onegin 3. Dr. Werner 4. Grushnitsky
5. What is Pechorin's tragedy?
1. In conflict with others.
2. In dissatisfaction with the surrounding reality and inherent individualism and skepticism. In a clear understanding of his contradictions "between the depth of nature and the pitiful actions" (VG Belinsky).
3. In indifference to everything that surrounds him: people, events.
4. Selfishness.
6. Determine who owns the listed characteristics:
1. Direct, whole, honest, kind, generous, sane, "an honest soul and a heart of gold", courageous and humble to the point of self-deprecation, humble, loyal.
2. "The standard of ideal phrase-mongers", incapable of "neither real good, nor real evil"; narrow-minded, impersonal, boastful, proud, envious, false, with extraordinary conceit.
3. A commoner of progressive views, materialist by conviction, critical and satirical mind. A high noble soul, a man of great culture, skeptic and pessimist, honest and direct, humane.
4. Direct, spontaneously passionate, strange, sacrificially loving nature.
5. Smart, well-read, noble, morally pure.
1. Grushnitsky 2. Princess Mary 3. Maxim Maksimych 4. Doctor Werner 5. Bela
7. About which of the heroes of the novel is the story:
“He was a nice fellow, I dare to assure you, only a little strange. After all, for example, in the rain, in the cold all day on the hunt, everyone will be chilled, tired - but he has nothing. And another time he sits in his room, the wind smells, assures that he caught a cold, the shutter will knock, he will shudder and turn pale, and when I went to see the wild boar one-on-one, it used to be that you won’t get a word for hours, but sometimes you’ll start telling , so you will tear your tummies with laughter ... Yes, sir, with great weirdness ... "
1. Grushnitsky 2. Pechor 3. Maksim Maksimych 4. Doctor Werner
8. In order to emphasize the ideological essence of the novel, to increase its tension, to enhance the impression of the strangeness, contradiction and tragedy of the character of the hero and to show more clearly the ruined possibilities of his rare nature, the chronology of the events of the novel is violated. Restore the chronological sequence of the events of the novel "A Hero of Our Time".
1. "Bela" 2. "Maksim Maksimych" 3. foreword to Pechorin's journal
4. "Taman" 5. end of the Pechorin magazine 6. "Princess Mary" 7. "Fatalist"
9. Determine the identity of the portrait of the hero:
“… He was a wonderful person for many reasons. He was a skeptic and a materialist ... and at the same time a poet, and in earnest, a poet in fact always and often in words, although he never wrote two poems in his life. He studied all the living strings of the human heart ... He was small in stature and thin and weak as a child ... His small black eyes, always restless, tried to penetrate your thoughts. There was taste and neatness in his clothes, his thin little hands flaunted in light yellow gloves. His coat, tie and waistcoat were always black. "
1 Grushnitsky 2. Pechorin 3. Werner 4. Maxim Maksimych
10. The psychological nature of the landscape of the novel precedes the state of the characters, events, and their outcome. What event does this landscape precede?
“... Around, lost in the golden fog of the morning, the tops of the mountains crowded like an innumerable herd, and Elbrus in the south stood up like a white bulk, closing the chain of icy peaks, between which filamentary clouds that had come from the east were already wandering. I went to the edge of the platform and looked down, my head almost started spinning: it seemed dark and cold down there, as in a coffin; the mossy teeth of the rocks, thrown off by thunder and time, were waiting for their prey. "
1.the duel between Pechorin and Grushnitsky 2.the kidnapping of Karagöz
3.Bela's death 4.Wulich's shot
11. By characteristic features, determine to which genre the work of M.Yu. Lermontov "a hero of our time" belongs:
1. In Russian medieval literature, this was the name of any work telling about an event.
2. A short dynamic story with a poignant plot and an unexpected ending.
3. The genre of the epic, in which the main problem is the problem of personality and which seeks to depict with the greatest completeness all the diverse connections of a person with the surrounding reality, all the complexity of the human world.
12. Pechorin's name was:
1. Maxim Maksimych 2. Grigory Alexandrovich
3.Sergey Alexandrovich 4.Alexander Grigorievich
M.Yu.Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time". Key.
1. 2 2. 3 3. 1 4. 1 5. 2 6. 1 - Maxim Maskiych, 2 - Grushnitsky, 3 - Werner, 4 - Bela, 5 - Princess Mary. 7. 2 8. 4 - "Taman", 6 - "Princess Mary", 7 - "Fatalist", 1 - "Bela", 2 - "Maxim Maksimych", 3, 5 - Pechorin's magazine. 9. 3 10. 1 11. 3 12. 2
02.12.2014 12323 0Goals:
. Educational: analysis of the work: to reveal the features of the novel "A Hero of Our Time" as a psychological work; to trace how the contradictoriness of Pechorin sharply emerges against the background of the life of ordinary people; to reveal the author's attitude to the hero as a whole and to understand the reasons for the Pechorin tragedy;
2.Developing: teaching monologue speech, developing expressive reading skills;
3. Educational: fostering interest in the study of M.Yu. Lermontov.
Equipment:
illustrations for the novel by M.Yu. Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time"
During the classes
I. Organizational moment.
II ... Communication of the topic and objectives of the lesson.
By creating the novel A Hero of Our Time, Lermontov made a huge contribution to the development of Russian literature, continuing Pushkin's realistic traditions. M.Yu. Lermontov summarized in the image of Pechorin the typical features of the younger generation of his era, the 30s XIX century, the era that came after the defeat of the Decembrist uprising in Russia, when freedom-loving views were persecuted, when the best people of that time could not find application for their knowledge and abilities, prematurely lost their youthful soul, devastated life in pursuit of new impressions. This is precisely the fate of Grigory Pechorin, the protagonist of Lermontov's novel.
The topic of today's lesson is "A Hero of Our Time" - the first psychological novel in Russian literature. A novel about an outstanding personality "
How do you understand the expression "extraordinary personality"?
(Unusual, standing out from others)
We must find out what the outstanding personality of Pechorin is.
And besides, we must reveal what the psychology of the novel is.
How do you understand the meaning of the word "psychologism"?
(Note in a notebook: Psychologism is an in-depth image of mental, emotional experiences.
(Explanatory dictionary)
III ... Homework check.
What is the peculiarity of the composition of the work?
(The novel consists of 5 independent stories. The central hero, Pechorin, ties together all the parts of the novel. The stories are arranged in such a way that the chronology of the hero's life is clearly violated.
You needed to restore the plot of the work. Remember what a Fable is?
(The plot is the location of the main events (episodes) of a literary work in their chronological sequence.)
Subject order Phase order
1. "Bela" 4
2. "Maxim Maksimych" 5
3. "Taman" 1
4. "Preface to the journal Pechorin" 6
5. "Princess Mary" 2
6. "Fatalist" 3
(The author uses the principle from "external" to "internal" to reveal the character of the protagonist. First, other people tell about Pechorin (Maksim Maksimych, officer "Traveling on a public need"). Then Pechorin himself talks about himself in the stories "Taman", "Fatalist ", As well as in his diary - confessions.)
IV ... Work on the topic of the lesson (analysis of the work)
1) Work on questions:
In the first chapter we see Grigory Aleksandrovich Pechorin through the eyes of Maxim Maksimych. What can you say about this person?
(Shtabs - the captain, who spent most of his life in the Caucasian fortress, is able to accurately reproduce the external course of events, but cannot explain them. He is far from understanding the hero's spiritual search. The motives of his actions for Maksim Maksimych are inexplicable.
What did you learn from Bela's story about Pechorin's life in the fortress?
What character traits do his actions indicate?
(Pechorin has a brilliant analytical mind, he evaluates people, the motives of their actions, and, on the other hand, he is quickly overcome by boredom, he has no purpose in life.)
What did you learn about Pechorin's life before coming to the fortress?
How is psychologism manifested in this episode?
(We see here not only a description of life, but also the emotional experiences of the hero)
Under what circumstances do we meet the hero when reading the chapter "Maksim Maksimych"?
Who describes the portrait of Pechorin
What seemed unusual in the hero's appearance?
(Combination of blond hair and black eyes; “the eyes did not laugh when he laughed.” The author concludes that this is a sign of either bad temper or deep, constant sadness.)
Did Pechorin change after leaving the fortress?
(Pechorin's indifference to life, to people, apathy, selfishness increased.)
For what purpose does the narrator print "Pechorin's Journal"?
(Show the history of the human soul)
Who is the narrator in the story "Taman"?
Who is the main character?
How did Pechorin show himself in a clash with smugglers, how is his character revealed?
(Pechorin finds himself in the role of an observer, accidentally witnessing the actions of smugglers. But gradually he leaves the role of an observer and becomes a participant in events. The desire to intervene in events speaks of the hero's activity, he does not want to be content with the passive role of a contemplator of life.)
What aspects of character does the story "Taman" show?
(Activity, desire for action, drive for danger, perseverance, observation)
Why, having such opportunities in character, Pechorin does not seem happy?
(All his actions do not have a deep goal. He is active, but neither he nor others need activity. He is smart, resourceful, observant, but all this brings misfortune to people. There is no goal in his life, his actions are random).
In the story "Princess Mary" we see Pechorin in Pyatigorsk.
How did his relationship with the Water Society develop?
How is Pechorin's relationship with Grushnitsky developing?
Analyze the history of Pechorin's relationship with Princess Mary.
(The story of Mary's seduction is based on the knowledge of the human heart. This means that Pechorin is well versed in people)
How and why does the relationship between Pechorin and Vera develop?
What does the tragic scene of the pursuit of Vera indicate?
(His love for Vera awakens with renewed vigor precisely when there is a danger of losing forever the only woman who understood him.)
Why doesn't the hero find happiness in love? How does he say this himself?
(Read excerpts)
"Fatalist"
How does Pechorin tempt fate?
What does his act say?
V ... Working with illustrations.
1) Illustration by L. M. Nepomnyashchy for the novel "Hero of Our Time"
"Death of Bela"
Exercise:
1. Describe the illustration
2. Find lines from the text that convey the state of the characters in the illustration
(In the foreground of the drawing is Maksim Maksimych, shocked by Bela's death. In the doorway near Bela's bed, Pechorin is seen full-length. His face expresses the same complex feelings as in Lermontov's narration (“... I have never noticed a single tear on his eyelashes: whether he really could not cry or had control of himself - I don't know ... "," ... his face did not express anything special, and I felt annoyed: I would have died of grief in his place ")
2) Illustration by L.E. Feinberg to the novel "A Hero of Our Time"
"Pechorin and the Wandering Officer"
3) Illustration by P. Ya. Pavlinov "Pechorin and the Smuggler"
Vi. Lesson summary
What is the uncommon personality of Pechorin?
What is the psychologism of the novel?
The character of Pechorin cannot be assessed unambiguously. In it, bad and good, good and evil, are intricately intertwined. The fact is that in his actions he proceeds from his own selfish motives. One's own "I" is the goal, and all people around are only a means to satisfy the desires of this "I". Pechorin's individualism formed a transitional era, a sign of which was the absence of a lofty goal, social ideals.
Vi. Home assignment: Creativity M.Yu. Lermontov
LessonI: "M.Yu.Lermontov" Hero of Our Time "- the first psychological novel in Russian literature. Complexity of composition. Age of M.Yu. Lermontov in the novel. Pechorin as a representative of the" portrait of a generation "
The Hero of Our Time ... is a portrait made up of the vices of our entire generation.
M.Yu. Lermontov
History of creation
The creative history of the creation of the novel "A Hero of Our Time" is restored only in general terms.
It is known that it was based on Lermontov's impressions of a trip to the Caucasus in 1837, where he was exiled for poetry to the death of Pushkin, and the novel itself was created in St. Petersburg in the period from 1838 to early 1840. Unfortunately, neither Lermontov's letters nor his notes contain any information regarding the work on the novel. The handwritten heritage is also extremely scarce, which does not allow to fully compare the text of the novel with the manuscript.
The idea of the novel as a "long chain of stories" was finally formed by Lermontov, probably in 1838.
The first two stories - "Bela" and "Fatalist" - were published in 1839 in the journal "Otechestvennye zapiski", at the beginning of 1840 in the same place - "Taman". All of them went under the heading "Notes of an officer in the Caucasus."
In April 1840, the stories were combined into a single novel under the title A Hero of Our Time. This includes two new stories - "Maxim Maksimych" and "Princess Mary".
The novel consists of six parts, five novellas plus the Preface to the Pechorin's Journal, each with its own genre, its own plot, its own title. The stories "Bela", "Maksim Maksimych", "Princess Mary" are named after the characters with whom the story is connected. The remaining two are named "Taman" and "Fatalist".
Taman ( Tamanskaya) stanitsa of the Temryuk district of the Krasnodar Territory, a port on the shore of the Taman Bay of the Krechensky Strait.
Fatalist- a person prone to fatalism.
Fatalism- belief in the inevitability of fate, in the fact that everything in the world
predetermined by a mysterious force, fate.
Fatal- 1. Predestined by rock; mysteriously incomprehensible.
2. Fatal, tragic in its essence, in the results.
The meaning of the name.
- How do you understand the meaning of the title of the work of M. Yu. Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time"?
Let's try to define the word "hero".
Ozhegov's dictionary gives several definitions to this concept:
A hero is a person who performs feats, unusual in his courage, valor, and selflessness.
The hero is the one who attracted attention to himself (more often about the one who arouses admiration, surprise).
The hero is the main character of a literary work.
A hero is a person who embodies the features of an era, environment.
- Which of these definitions will we take to explain the title of the novel?
-What is the name of the main character of the novel? (Grigory Alexandrovich Pechorin)
-Now let's move on to the second part of the title. "Our time" - whose is it? (This is the time of the heroes, the author-narrator, Lermontov himself)
The main period of Lermontov's work is associated with the era of the 30s of the XIX century - the time of Nikolaev reaction in all spheres of public life and social stagnation after the defeat of the Decembrist uprising. Pechorin is a person who embodied the characteristic features of the public consciousness of people of the 30s: the intensity of moral and philosophical searches, exceptional willpower, analytical mind, outstanding human abilities.
Ideological crisis is a crisis of ideas. The ideas, ideals, goals and meaning of the life of the Pushkin generation - everything was destroyed. These are hard times, later they will be called the era of timelessness. In such years, they talk about lack of spirituality, about the decline in morality.
The need to master the “mistakes of the fathers”, to rethink what seemed immutable to the previous generation, to develop their own moral and philosophical position is a characteristic feature of the epoch of the 1920s and 1930s.
Thus, Pechorin is a person who embodied the characteristic features of the public consciousness of people of the 30s.
The main feature of the modern generation Pechorin is inconsistency.
Man and destiny, man and his purpose, the purpose and meaning of human life, its possibilities and reality, freedom of will and necessity - all these questions were figuratively embodied in the novel.
The problem of personality is central to the novel: "The history of the human soul ... is almost more curious and not more useful than the history of an entire people."
Controversy around the novel.
The appearance of M. Yu. Lermontov's novel immediately caused a sharp controversy in society.
Nicholas I found the novel “disgusting,” showing the “great depravity of the author”.
Protective criticism attacked Lermontov's novel, seeing in it a slander against Russian reality. Professor S.P. Shevyrev strove to prove that Pechorin was nothing more than an imitation of Western models, that he had no roots in Russian life.
Conservative criticism- slander against Russian reality, "the whole novel is an epigram"
W. Kuchelbecker- "... it's still a pity that Lermontov wasted his talent on portraying such a creature as his ugly Pechorin"
V.G. Belinsky earlier than others, with extraordinary fidelity, he appreciated the "Hero of Our Time", noting in it "richness of content", "deep knowledge of the human heart and modern society."
author to the second edition of A Hero of Our Time, he wrote the Preface, in which he insisted that "The Hero of Our Time, my dear sirs, is like a portrait, but not of one person: this is a portrait made up of the vices of our entire generation, in their full development."
Ideological concept.
- What task did Lermontov set for himself when he wrote "A Hero of Our Time"?
The novel was conceived as an artistic study of the inner world of a person, his soul. Lermontov himself said this in his "Preface" to "Pechorin's Journal": "The history of the human soul, even the smallest soul, is almost more curious and not more useful than the history of an entire people, especially when it is a consequence of the observation of a mature mind over itself ..."
Understanding the ideological concept of Lermontov is necessary for understanding the genre and compositional features of the work.
Composition. A Hero of Our Time as a Psychological Novel. 1
In A Hero of Our Time, composition organizes, builds a plot, not a storyline. To understand the difference, it is necessary to clarify the concepts of plot and plot.
Fable- a set of events and incidents in their mutual internal connection, developing in chronological sequence.
Plot- the same set of events and incidents, as well as motives and stimuli of behavior in their compositional sequence, those. plot - the distribution of events in a work of art, built by the author for the purposes he needs.
– How does Lermontov build the plot of the work?
| Plot- a set of events in a work of art. "Bela" / 4 / "Maxim Maksimych" / 5 / "Preface" to the "Pechorin Journal" / 6 / "Taman" / 1 / Princess Mary "/ 2 / Fatalist "/ 3 / | Fable- events in a literary work in their sequential connection.
"Taman" Princess Mary " "Fatalist" |
– Restore the chronological order of events.
The chronology of events underlying the work, according to V. Nabokov.
“Taman ": about 1830 - Pechorin is sent from St. Petersburg to an active detachment and stops in Taman;
“Princess Mary ": May 10 - June 17, 1832; Pechorin comes from an active detachment to the waters in Pyatigorsk and then to Kislovodsk; after a duel with Grushnitsky, he was transferred to the fortress under the command of Maksim Maksimych;
“Fatalist": December 1832 - Pechorin comes from the fortress of Maxim Maksimych to the Cossack village for two weeks;
“Bela ": spring 1833 - Pechorin kidnaps the daughter of “Prince Mirnov”, and four months later she dies at the hands of Kazbich;
“Maxim Maksimych ": autumn 1837 - Pechorin, going to Persia, again finds himself in the Caucasus and meets with Maxim Maksimych. "
If we bear in mind the chronology of events, in "A Hero of Our Time", i.e. plot, then it should look like this:
the adventure of Pechorin with the "undine" in Taman ("Taman");
the story of Mary with Grushnitsky, duel ("Princess Mary");
episode with Wulich ("Fatalist");
the abduction of Bela and the journey of the wandering officer-storyteller with Maksim Maksimych (“Bela”);
meeting with Maksim Maksimych in Vladikavkaz (“Maksim Maksimych”);
news of the death of Pechorin ("Preface to the" Journal of Pechorin ".
The arrangement of the parts according to the chronology (plot) of the novel, therefore, is as follows:
"Maxim Maksimych"
"Preface" to the "Pechorin Journal".
"Taman"
"Princess Mary"
"Fatalist"
Did Lermontov accidentally abandon the chronological principle in the arrangement of the stories included in the novel, from the order of their initial publication?
Belinsky wrote: "Parts of this novel are arranged in accordance with internal necessity." And then he explained: "Despite its episodic fragmentary character, it cannot be read in the wrong order in which the author himself arranged it: otherwise you will read two excellent stories and several excellent stories, but you will not know the novel."
- Why does Lermontov violate the chronology of events? What was Lermontov's goal pursuing by arranging the story in such a sequence?
Positioning the stories in such a sequence, the author pursued the goal arising from the ideological plan - to reveal more broadly and deeper the complex nature of Pechorin.
Let us remind once again that the novel was conceived as an artistic study of the inner world of man, a description of the "history of the human soul."
Lermontov created a completely new novel - new in form and content: a psychological novel, anticipating the further development of Russian prose in this direction. From now on, the Russian novel in its best, classical models will become a psychological novel. He will always focus on the inner world of the heroes and will shy away from direct and contrasting assessments.
Psychologism- this is a fairly complete, detailed and deep image of the feelings, thoughts and experiences of a literary character with the help of specific means of fiction.
Psychological novel- a type of novel in which the introspection of the characters is aimed at the characters and motives of behavior and in which this introspection of the characters is criticized and evaluated by the author or narrator.
Lermontov lets us first hear about the hero, then look at him and, finally, opens his diary before us.
So,violation of chronology, i.e.discrepancy between plot and plot,due to the following:
selection of the most significant episodes;
emphasis on psychological thinking rather than describing events.
For example, the duel between Pechorin and Grushnitsky, if chronology is followed, occurs before the reader receives the news of Pechorin's death, the reader's interest will then be directed to the duel itself, and the tension will be maintained by the question: what will become of Pechorin, will Grushnitsky kill him, or will the hero survive? In this case, the reader's attention is focused on the event itself. In the novel, Lermontov relieves the tension by the fact that before the duel he already reports (in the “Preface to the“ Pechorin's Journal ”) about the death of Pechorin, who was returning from Persia. The reader is informed in advance that Pechorin will live, and the tension towards this important episode in the hero's life is reduced. But on the other hand, the tension is increased towards the events of Pechorin's inner life, towards his reflections, towards the analysis of his own experiences.
Output: the events and incidents of Pechorin's life are involved only to the extent that they help to comprehend his soul.
the choice of the narrator is not accidental;
the need to correlate the hero with other characters appearing in a certain sequence;
comprehensively and deeply reveal the image of the hero of his time, trace the history of his life.
Psychological portrait of Pechorin. 2
- Does the character of the main character change during the course of the story or does it remain the same?
The character of Pechorin is given by an established and stable attitude. This is a trait of romanticism: the hero is a static figure. Pechorin's character does not change from episode to episode. It took shape once and for all. The inner world of Pechorin is the same from the first story to the last. It doesn't develop.
Unlike the hero of PS Pushkin's novel "Eugene Onegin", where the main character, being the hero of a realistic work, undergoes changes, develops under the influence of new feelings and circumstances.
How do we see Pechorin? What can we say about his character, attitude to life and the people around him, what principles and considerations is he guided by in his life?
From life experience, the hero brought out a skeptical attitude towards reality and towards the people around him.
Everywhere he sees the same banality, triviality, but continues to chase life, each time thinking that the next adventure will be new and unusual, will refresh his feelings and enrich his mind. The main goal is to get rid of Pechorin's main illness - boredom (analogy with Eugene Onegin).
However, sincerely surrendering to a new attraction, he turns on the mind, destroying immediate feeling.
The hero's skepticism becomes, as it were, absolute: it is not love, truth and sincerity of feeling that is important - power over a woman. Love for him is not a duel of equals, but submission to oneself. He sees pleasure and delight in being "the cause of pain and joy, without having any positive right to do so."
In the same way, he is incapable of friendship, because he cannot give up part of his freedom, which would mean for him to become a “slave” (in friendship, one is always the slave of the other). With Werner, he keeps his distance in the relationship. He makes his detachment feel to Maxim Maksimych, avoiding friendly hugs.
Free will, growing into individualism, serves as the principle of life behavior for Pechorin.
He is full of interest in both people and nature, seeks and finds adventure, creating situations that are beneficial for himself, where his mind could triumph over victory.
The desire to constantly test not only others, knowing their weaknesses and guessing possible reactions to his words and actions, but also himself, often at risk and in danger.
The ultimate goal of life activity is the knowledge of the meaning of reality and one's personality. This striving for higher goals distinguishes Pechorin from the environment, demonstrates the scale of his personality and character. However, the insignificance of the results and their repetition form a spiritual circle in which the hero is closed. Pechorin feels infinitely unhappy and deceived by fate. The immense forces felt by him, not only did not become a blessing for him, but also turned into suffering and torment. Hence the thought of death as the best outcome from a vicious and enchanted, as if predetermined circle, arises. The hero courageously carries this cross and cannot come to terms with it, making more and more attempts to change his fate, to give a deep and serious meaning to his stay in the world.
Inconsistency- the main character trait of Pechorin, in the image of which the uncommon personality, standing above the society around him, the strength and giftedness of his thinking and energetic nature, realized in active introspection, the courage and honesty of his character are combined with unbelief, skepticism and individualism, leading to contempt and hostility attitude towards people. The hero is not satisfied with modern morality, does not believe in friendship and love. But at the same time he strives to decide his own fate and to be responsible for his behavior.
The novel tells about a new attempt to find food for the soul - Pechorin goes to the East. His developed critical consciousness is addressed to the essential problems of human life and the world. It has not ended and has not acquired harmonious wholeness. Lermontov makes it clear that in Russia Pechorin is doomed to his previous state. Traveling to exotic, unknown countries is also imaginary, because the hero will not be able to run away from himself.
Let's return once again to the Preface written by the author to the second edition of his novel: “The Hero of Our Time, my dear sirs, is like a portrait, but not of one person: this is a portrait made up of the vices of our entire generation, in their full development”
In the history of the soul of a noble intellectual of the middle of the 19th century, a duality was initially concluded: the consciousness of the individual felt free will as an immutable value, but took on painful forms, the personality opposed himself to the environment and faced such external circumstances that gave rise to a boring repetition of norms of behavior, similar situations and responses to them, capable of leading to despair, making life meaningless, drying out the mind and feelings, replacing the direct perception of the world with cold and rational, to take out of this bitter experience only a negative view of the world.
Image system
-In the novel, there is a change of narrators. What is the reason for the change of storytellers?
The main features of the image of Pechorin are helped to reveal the system of images of the novel, each of which in its own way sets off different facets of the character of the hero.
We have already said that the image of Pechorin is static.
Therefore, the change of narrators is aimed at making the analysis of the inner world deeper and more comprehensive. Different characters tell about Pechorin. The reader sees his character from different points of view, including from the point of view of the hero himself, who was given the floor. Changing angles of view is needed not to observe the development of character, but in order to immerse oneself in the inner world of the hero.
There are three narrators in the novel: Maxim Maksimych, an itinerant officer, and Pechorin himself. Yu.M. Lotman writes: "Thus, the character of Pechorin is revealed to the reader gradually, as if reflected in many mirrors, and none of the reflections, taken separately, gives an exhaustive description of Pechorin. Only the combination of these arguing voices creates a complex and contradictory character of the hero." ...
First, the reader looks at Pechorin through the eyes of Maxim Maksimych, a person of a completely different consciousness than Pechorin. At the same time, the point of view of the staff captain was conveyed by another person, an itinerant officer. In other words, the hero becomes known from afar and through other people's assessments.
The narrator then meets with him and communicates his observations directly.
Finally, the reader gets acquainted with the "Pechorin's Journal", where the hero describes his adventures and analyzes them. The reader looks at Pechorin through his eyes and learns about him from his words. The inner world of Pechorin approaches the reader, who gets the opportunity to enter and immerse himself in it.
The genre of the novel.
In "A Hero of Our Time" and in prose in general, Lermontov follows, as in the lyrics, the path of combining genre forms.
Let's try to define the genre of each of the stories.
"Bela" - a travel sketch merged with a romantic novella about the love of a European for a savage.
"Maxim Maksimych" - psychological novel
"Taman" - combines the genres of an adventurous short story, an action-packed story
"Princess Mary" is a genre of diary entries, as well as the influence of the genre of a secular story contemporary to Lermontov is obvious.
"Fatalist" - contains signs of a romantic tale with its mysteriousness and inexplicable intervention of higher powers.
HOMEWORK
Prepare a selective retelling on the topic "Pechorin as presented by Maxim Maksimych" according to the following plan:
What is the social position of Pechorin and his past in the understanding of Maxim Maksimych?
What does Pechorin see as the strangeness of his character?
Why does Maxim Maximy condemn Pechorin?
1 D / z: build stories according to the plot, restore the chronological order of events
2 D / s: prepare a psychological portrait of Pechorin, make a list of his life principles (attitude towards women, friendship, life). Answer the question: what do you think Pechorin sees the meaning of life