The passionate hero of Pushkin's novel “Eugene Onegin. Eugene Onegin The teacher reads an excerpt "The sky was already breathing in autumn"

I liked his features.

A. S. Pushkin

With the title of the novel, Pushkin emphasizes the central position of Onegin among the other heroes of the work. Onegin is a secular young man, a metropolitan aristocrat, who received a typical upbringing for that time under the guidance of a French tutor. He leads the lifestyle of "golden youth": balls, walks along Nevsky Prospect, visits to theaters. Although Onegin learned "something and somehow", he still has a high level of culture. Pushkin's hero is a product of the society in which he lives, but at the same time he is alien to him. The nobility of the soul, the "sharp, chilled mind" distinguish him from among the aristocratic youth, gradually lead to disillusionment with the life and interests of a secular society, to dissatisfaction with the political and social situation:

No, early feelings in him cooled down, He was bored with the noise of the light ...

The emptiness of life torments Onegin, he is possessed by blues, boredom, and he leaves secular society, trying to engage in socially useful activities. The lordly upbringing, lack of habit to work ("hard work he was sick of") played a role, and Onegin does not complete any of his undertakings. He lives "without purpose, without work." In the village, Onegin behaves humanely towards the peasants, but he does not think about their fate, he is more concerned with his own moods, the feeling of emptiness of life.

Onegin rejects the love of Tatyana Larina, a gifted, morally pure girl, unable to unravel the depth of her requests, uniqueness of nature. Onegin kills his friend Lensky, succumbing to class prejudices, frightened by "the whisper, the laugh of fools", In a depressed state of mind ("in anguish of heart pangs") Onegin leaves the village and begins wandering around Russia. These wanderings give him the opportunity to see life more fully, to understand how fruitlessly he wasted his years.

Onegin returns to the capital and meets the same picture of the life of a secular society. ("He came back and got, like Chatsky, from the ship to the ball"). Love for Tatiana, now a married woman, flares up in him. Tatiana rejects Onegin's love. In a high society beauty, holding herself with such cold dignity, he cannot find a trace of that former Tanya. With Onegin's love for Tatyana, Pushkin emphasizes that his hero is capable of moral revival, that this is a person who has not cooled to everything, the forces of life are still boiling in him. Onegin writes a letter to Tatiana. Revealing his soul in front of his beloved woman, he now does not at all look like that metropolitan dandy who once read her a "sermon". Pushkin leaves his hero in a "evil" minute for Onegin, after Tatyana's parting words: "I ask you to leave me."

Pushkin burned the last chapter of the novel, and we do not know the further fate of Onegin. A young noble intellectual of the early 19th century, Eugene Onegin is a realistic type. This is a person whose life and destiny are determined both by his personal qualities and by a certain social environment of the 18-20s. In the image of Onegin, Pushkin showed the path taken by a part of the enlightened intelligentsia. On the one hand, they refused to serve the tsarism, were critical of the way of life of the noble society, on the other, they stood aloof from socially useful activities. This doomed them to inactivity. In Onegin, Pushkin showed the features of a "superfluous person", which we will later see in Pechorin and other characters of Lermontov, Turgenev, Goncharov.

Lesson 3. Topic: A. Pushkin. "Eugene Onegin". "Strange" hero of Pushkin's novel

Goals: to reveal the uncommon nature of Onegin, the spiritual evolution of his character, the meaning of his spiritual quest, the results of his life;

develop the ability and skills of the analysis of the protagonist;

to cultivate the ability to love and fight for their love, to cultivate the resilience of students.

Equipment: portrait of Pushkin, text of the novel "Eugene Onegin".

Lesson type: study and consolidation of new knowledge.

During the classes.

I... Motivation for learning activities.

The teacher reads the passage "Already the sky was breathing in the fall."

Guys, from which work is this passage?

Students' answers.

Question :

What work of A.S. Pushkin will we get acquainted with today?

Students' answers.

Formulation of the topic and objectives of the lesson. The teacher proofreads and writes down the topic of the lesson on the chalkboard.

II... Work on the theory of literature.

Let's get a grasp of the topic. Word "novel"- what it is? Let us recall the main features of the novel: the prose genre of the epic of a large form; plays the main organizing role plot(development of characters and events); has several storylines; depicts the history of human destinies for a long time; broadly embraces reality.

Genre " not a novel,and the novel is in verse – devilish difference! " Why?

The novel is written in poetic form (poetic form – affiliation of the lyrics.)

The novel in verse is written in the "Onegin stanza". This stanza was specially created by Pushkin for his novel. It consists of 14 lines (like a sonnet). It uses three main ways of rhyming: cross (abab), adjacent (aabb) and shingles (abba) rhymes.

Why did Pushkin create a special stanza? Why such a varied rhyme? (In this way, the author made the story alive, not monotonous, it is very easy to read.)

III... Work on the topic of the lesson.

Message or project of the creative group about the history of the creation of the novel in verse "Eugene Onegin" (as homework).

Analysis of the image of Eugene Onegin.

- What does the title of the novel say?(Onegin is the main character.)

Work on the sides of the cube.
Teacher:

- The image of Eugene Onegin, like any person, is multifaceted. Using the edges of the cube, we will try to give the same number of assessments to the Pushkin hero, we will answer the problematic question of the lesson: "Is Onegin's path tragic?" Each facet characterizes some of its features. How do you imagine Eugene Onegin - the main character of the work? Now you will draw on the pieces of paper Eugene Onegin in your mind.

We attach the sheets to the board.

And now we will analyze the hero along the lines. I have a cube in my hands.

The first face.

- Name Eugene (ancient Greek) means "noble". And what can we say about the hero, based on the letters of his surname and taking into account his character and behavior?

(O – gifted, original;

N – new hero, well-read, unusual;

E - European warehouse, NS - egoist;

G – main hero, hedonism (pleasure, direction v ethics, approving pleasure how the highest goal human behavior);

AND – intellectual, intellectual, interesting interlocutor;

N - extraordinary, incomprehensible.)

Second facet.

- What does Onegin have in common with Chatsky?

(Theseheroesintelligent, seeking and not finding satisfaction in the ordinary life of a noble society, progressive people of their time, do not want to vegetate, but to feel the need for meaningful, useful activity, feel dissatisfaction with themselves, with secular society.)

- What are the differences between Oneginand Chatsky?

(Chatsky knows exactly what he wants, and Onegin is in search.)

Third facet.

- Does Onegin have anything in common with Maul chalin?

(Only that they are young nobles.)

- What are the differences between Onegin and Molchalin?

(Do Molchalina base goals are a successful career and a lot of fun. Onegin is not satisfied with this.)

Fourth facet.

- What do Lensky and Onegin have in common?

(They are timesthink and argue on philosophical, scientific oneswe, about good and evil, about fate and the meaning of life.)

- What is the difference between Lensky and Onegin?

(Lensky is a romantic, Onegin is a realist.)

Fifth facet.

- What was his life path and what is the result?

Group work.

Researchers of the first group, relying on the text of chapters 1, 2, 8, tell how they treated Onegin in secular society, how the local nobility, St. Petersburg society perceived him, conclude that society condemns Onegin. These are people of an average level, and loneliness is the lot of everyone who rises above them.

The second group of researchers, relying on the text of chapters 1, 6, 8, tells about how Onegin spent his time, living in St. Petersburg, and then in the countryside; about the inner, spiritual world of Eugene; about the author's attitude to his hero, they conclude about the recovery of Onegin's soul, who has gone from admiring his exclusivity to self-improvement, that the author loves and regrets Onegin and hopes for the best in his fate.

Sixth facet.

- So is Onegin's path tragic? (Turning outIt means that a person with a “sharp, chilled mind” has a heart! Onegin's way– this is the painful path of searching for a person who has become a victim of "stormy delusions of unbridled passions", the path from an egoistic understanding of the world "we honor everyone as zeros, but ourselves as units" to self-knowledge and self-improvement, to the recovery of the soul,–the way is clear and close to the author himself.)

Output:

- And now we will make a characterization of Eugene Onegin.

Signs that characterize Eugene Onegin: irony, self-irony, doubts, denial, pretense, mask, sarcasm, disappointment, independence, prudence, sober calculation, introspection, "inimitable strangeness and a sharp, chilled mind", unusual and complex character, cold prosaicity.

IV... Summing up the lesson:

Can we blame Onegin for something? Judge him harshly? Substantiate your opinion. Express your point of view using the Press method. Let me remind you of the 4 steps of the method:

1) state your thought: "I believe that ...";

2) explain the reason for the appearance of this thought: "Because ...";

3) provide arguments in support of your position: "For example ...";

4) conclude: "Thus ..."

V... Homework.

1. Create a page of the reader's diary (What did you like, what did you remember?):

Which chapters of the novel have you read with the greatest interest?

Which chapters would you like to draw illustrations for? Describe one of them.

Which of the heroes aroused sympathy, dislike, and why?

Why does Tatiana, loving Onegin, reject him at the end of the novel?

What questions arise when reading a novel?

What would you like to discuss?

2. Learn the passages you like from the novel.

VI... Assessment of student responses.

Eugene Onegin ... How many times have I heard these words, even before I read the novel. In everyday life, this name has become almost a household name. From the very beginning of the work, I realized that Eugene Onegin is a very strange and, of course, special person. He, of course, somewhat resembled the people around him, had the same hobbies and concerns as they did, but at the same time sharply from them. was different. The society in which Onegin lived, which raised him, did everything for its own pleasure, of its own free will, and Eugene did everything

I did it mechanically, saw no point in anything and forced myself to do it because it was fashionable and prestigious.

Onegin cannot know happiness, his soul is closed to real human feelings, and is subject only to fleeting, endless and useless hobbies. For him, probably, there is only a sense of his own dignity, independence and the pride with which he treats all the people around him. He doesn't despise them, no. It's just that Onegin is indifferent to everything, he is indifferent to everything. The hero of the novel, as it were, submits to society, does not argue with anyone, does not contradict anyone, but at the same time he conflicts with it:

He doesn't care what they think of him. Eugene seemed to be joking with his life, never thought about tomorrow. And this is again of no use to him. After all, his every day is like the next. It just exists, quietly floats with the flow. He sets fashion before himself the highest goal, in it he sees almost the law of life. This glance at the opinions of others, this dependence on light deprives Onegin of his real life, of the struggle for happiness; he cannot become himself, he treats everything superficially. Eugene Onegin sometimes does not even think about what he is doing: with amazing ease he moves from one activity to another.

Again, following the same fashion, Eugene watched himself very carefully, he was a terrible dude:

Like windy Venus

When, putting on a man's outfit,

The goddess goes to the masquerade.

After reading Pushkin's novel further, we learn that Onegin met Tatyana Larina and that this acquaintance later changed his fate. Onegin, brought up by such a society, of course, considers himself very wise, who has already experienced everything, who has seen everything at such a young age and, having learned that young Tatiana fell in love with him, tried to set her on the right path, advised him to “just take it and throw it out” heads these weaknesses of the soul - love and tenderness.

It was all that easy for him. As with everything, he also treated high feelings jokingly, just playing with love. It seems to me that his attitude to love is entirely rational and feigned. It is built in the spirit of a secular society, the main goal of which is to enchant and seduce, to seem in love, and not to be in reality:

How early could he be a hypocrite

Conceal hope, be jealous

Reassure, make you believe

To seem gloomy, to languish ...

No, he did not scoff at Tanya's feelings. He simply chose for himself and played well the role of a mentor, an older friend, teaching her to "learn to rule herself." But in the conversation, perhaps out of habit, he could not resist and left Tanya a little hope:

I love you with my brother's love

And maybe even more tender ...

These words again tell us about Onegin's undisguised selfishness. He never thought about the feelings of others. In the village of Onegin, he met his neighbor Lensky, probably only because he was dying of boredom in this wilderness. They spent time together, stopped by the Larins and were already considered friends. But their friendship ended tragically because of a misunderstanding that happened through the fault of Eugene and Olga, Lensky's beloved. Onegin decided to joke and prove to everyone that love does not exist, not realizing that he would thereby push his friend into the grave. Onegin and Lensky fought in a duel, which was also like a game for Eugene. He simply did not feel the full depth of events. Only later, when Yevgeny killed the man, did he no longer feel his former superiority. I think it was at that moment that a turning point occurred in his soul. After this incident, Eugene Onegin set off on a journey, trying to forget and erase the past from his memory.

Several years later, Onegin returns to the capital again, having already really seen the world. At one of the balls, he meets Tatiana. And the image of Tanya, who all this time lived somewhere in the depths of Onegin's soul, is revived in memory. Tatyana was still the same, but Eugene was amazed, surprised and could not hide his admiration for her:

Is it really the same Tatiana?

That girl ... or is it a dream? ..

Onegin is in love. Finally, his heart knew a real passionate feeling. But now it is as if fate is laughing at him. Tanya is already a married woman and will be faithful to her husband for the rest of her life. She truly loves Eugene, but despite this, she taught him a lesson that he will remember all his life.

Eugene is standing ...

As if struck by thunder.

What a storm of sensations

Now he is immersed in his heart!

Isn't it true that at the end of the novel we even feel sorry for Eugene. But life taught him an unforgettable lesson, thanks to which it will be easier for him to live further, not to exist, but to live!

So, the plot of the novel is built in such a way that the characters seem to go beyond its framework. They clearly live in two spheres - the author's imagination and in the real environment, where they become acquaintances of the author. Alongside the "novel of heroes" is the "novel of life" in which the characters meet with the author, Pushkin. And if the "romance of heroes" ends tragically, then the "romance of life" is not yet complete. An artistic illusion arises that the events in the novel are not invented by Pushkin, but only spied on in reality itself. And this proves the deep vitality of the plot of "Eugene Onegin". The novel has a peculiar beginning: a new artistic device for the literature of that time:

Onegin was born into a wealthy but ruinous noble family. His childhood was spent in complete isolation from the people, from everything Russian, national, he was brought up by the French. Both the upbringing and education of Onegin were superficial and did not prepare him for work, real life. Such an upbringing was typical for the vast majority of the capital's nobles.

In the first chapter, Onegin's lifestyle approaches the dominant ideal, the norm of society at that time. The main task of the first chapter is to show the social conditions that shaped Onegin, to show the environment that gave birth to him. Young Onegin seeks to fully meet the ideal of a secular person: wealth, luxury, enjoyment of life, brilliant success in society, success among women -

"Having fun and luxury child" Onegin got a life typical of that time: balls, restaurants, walks along Nevsky Prospekt, visits to theaters. But the theater for him is only a tribute to a certain ritual of social life. Onegin is more interested in meetings and intrigues with charming actresses than the stage, art. He is deeply indifferent to the inimitable "brilliant" Istomina, and to the magnificent performances of Didlot. With men from all sides Bowed, then looked at the stage In great distraction, looked away, Turned away and yawned. And he said: “It's time to replace everyone; I endured ballets for a long time, But I got tired of Didlot.

The author notes his "involuntary devotion to dreams, inimitable strangeness and a sharp chilled mind", a sense of honor and nobility of the soul. This could not lead Onegin to disappointment and the interests of a secular society, to dissatisfaction with the political and social situation in Russia after the Patriotic War of 1812. What words does the poet say about his friendship with Onegin? What did Pushkin like about him? How does the poet write about the similarities and differences in their moods and views? Let's re-read the last three lines of stanza 45: Both were awaited by the malice of Blind Fortune and people In the very morning of our days. Pushkin emphasizes Onegin's negative attitude to the environment: "jokes with bile in half"; speaks of the "malice of the gloomy epigrams", of the "caustic" dispute. All this shows that Onegin belongs to those who "lived and thought." This is how the image of Onegin gradually becomes clear and the features of a talented, intelligent person full of noble aspirations emerge. The former irony, when it came to Onegin - a slave of secular habits and views - is replaced by a sympathetic and serious tone, the author emphasizes his closeness to Onegin, the commonality of some of their views and moods.

Breaking with the light (“the conditions of light, overthrowing the burden”), Onegin set about self-education: “I set up a shelf with a detachment of books, I read, read - and everything is useless ...” Speaking about reading Onegin, one should also recall those books that he brought to the village , - Tatyana looks through them when she comes to his empty house. Pushkin names here (chapter seven, stanza 22) first of all Byron ("The Singer of Giaur and Juan"). Byron was in the eyes of his contemporaries the personification of freedom-loving humanity. Pushkin repeatedly points out that Byron is Onegin's favorite poet: "Lord Byron's portrait" is in his office. This is how Pushkin reveals Onegin's intellectual superiority over his environment.

A number of hints, undisclosed by the author, show other aspects of Onegin's inner life. And although he was an ardent rake, But he finally fell out of love And abuse, and a saber, and lead. (Chapter 1, stanza 37) In his first youth He was a victim of violent delusions And unbridled passions. (Chapter 4, stanza 9) Then he sees the enemies of the forgotten, Slanderers, and evil cowards, And a swarm of young traitors,

Here Pushkin brings Onegin's feelings closer to his own moods: let us recall such confessions of Pushkin as: “I am a victim of slander and vengeful ignoramuses” (Dedication to the “Kakvkaz prisoner”) or lines from the elegy “The daylight went out. I ran you, pets of delights, Minute youth, minute friends; And you, confidantes of vicious delusions, Which I sacrificed myself without love, Peace, glory, freedom and soul, And you are forgotten by me, young traitors, My golden spring secret friends, And you are forgotten by me ... (1820) I am not sorry for you, unfaithful friends, Wreaths of feasts and circular bowls, I'm not sorry for you, young traitors ... (1820)

This is how the poet gradually draws the positive features of Onegin: he is an outstanding person, he has a sharp critical mind, he is dissatisfied with the life around him, he is stuffy in a secular environment, he has advanced literary sympathies, favorite books and heroes, he has a noble soul, he is honest and proud. These features of Onegin's life and character make his image complex and rich, internally significant.

The third period of Onegin's life Onegin's stay in the village, which lasted for about a year, in many respects adjoins the period of secular life. - What unites them? Has Onegin's mood changed? ("In the village, the same boredom") - What did Onegin do to improve the lives of his peasants? How did the peasants appreciate this? - How did you react to this

Onegin acts as a representative of the new in his noble deed. The influence of light and the views, norms of morality and behavior accepted in the noble circle are overcome by Onegin. But this process is complicated and could not be fast. The prejudices of the world, fixed by the entire course and conditions of Onegin's upbringing and youthful life, were strong in his soul, they could be overcome only by life trials, mental suffering for himself and for people, only by close contact with the real life of the people, and Pushkin shows contradictions in the novel in Onegin's thinking and behavior, the struggle of the “old” and “new” in his mind, comparing him with other heroes of the novel - Lensky and Tatiana, weaving their fates.

What are Onegin's first impressions when he received Tatiana's letter? Let's re-read stanza 11 of the fourth chapter: But, having received Tanya's message, Onegin was vividly touched: The language of girlish dreams In it, he revolted the thoughts with a swarm; And he remembered Tatiana dear And a pale color, and a dull look; And he plunged into a sweet, sinless sleep with his Soul. Perhaps an ancient ardor took possession of Him for a moment; But he did not want to deceive The credulity of an innocent soul. Everything good, pure, light in his soul, everything not clouded, not polluted by light and secular morality, woke up in Onegin: “Your sincerity is dear to me; She brought excitement to long-silenced feelings. "

The depth and significance of Tatyana's spiritual world, the sincerity and strength of her feelings are understood and appreciated by Onegin, they gave birth to the same pure and deep response in his soul: "I love you with the love of my brother And maybe even more tender." And a little earlier, he said to Tatyana: “Having found my old ideal, I would have chosen you alone. As a friend of my sad days, All beautiful things as a pledge ...” In the eighth chapter, the hero explains, after a few years, his refusal to respond to her feelings: Having met you once, I noticed a spark of tenderness in you, I did not dare to believe her: I didn’t give way to a cute habit; I didn't want to lose my hateful freedom ... I thought: freedom and peace A substitute for happiness. "

Indifference to life, passivity, desire for "peace", indifference and inner emptiness then came into conflict in Onegin's soul with a young, warm and sincere feeling - and won, suppressed it. Even more tragic is the clash of "old" and "new" in Onegin's mind is revealed in his relationship with Lensky. -

Chapter 6, stanzas 9-11 Onegin and his motives Onegin told Zaretsky, having received Lensky's challenge "... that he is always ready." At this first and very important moment in the history of the duel, Onegin does not think, does not analyze his behavior, but answers with a ready-made, obligatory formula suggested to him by the secular environment. This is how the secular automatics of thoughts and actions, the norms of secular morality came into effect. Why did Eugene blame himself “alone with his soul”? In what way was he wrong before Lensky? Could and should he have prevented the duel? Would he have been able to "disarm the young heart"? Why didn't he do it, what held him back? Again, secular moral norms dominate Onegin's behavior: But the wildly secular enmity is afraid of false shame. So the duel became murder. This is the word that Pushkin uses to denote the tragic death of Lensky. Well? killed, the neighbor decided. (Chapter 6, stanza 35) Killing a friend in a duel ... (Chapter 8, stanza 12) The murderer of a young poet ... (Chapter 6,

The murder of Lensky in a duel in the name of the norms of secular morality was recognized as a crime primarily by Onegin himself. A painful tragedy of his conscience began. He fled the village, languishing with late and useless remorse and anguish. He left his village, Forests and fields of solitude, Where a bloody shadow appeared to Him every day (Ch. 8, stanza 13) And before him the imagination of His motley mosque Pharaoh. Then he sees: on the melted snow, As if asleep at an overnight stay, Immobile young man lies, And hears a voice: what then? killed! (chap. 8, stanza 37)

4. The fourth stage in Onegin's life begins with his three-year journey across Russia: "He was seized by anxiety, the Hunt for wandering." Onegin's journey across Russia gave him the opportunity for the first time in his life to get to know his Motherland, to see its real position, to learn the truth about the suffering of the people, about universal oppression. Onegin wanted to find himself a new path in life, some kind of useful work. In the draft, we read: Onegin (I'll do it again), Killing a friend in a duel, Having lived without a goal and work Until twenty-six, languishing in the arms of leisure, Without service, without a wife, without work, I wanted to be something for a long time. The journey was supposed to outline the path of Onegin's reincarnation, help him find his place in life (“to be something”) Belinsky said: “At the age of 26, to go through so much, having tasted life, to be so exhausted, tired, having done nothing, to reach such an unconditional denial without going over any convictions: this is death! " Impressions from the pictures of the life of the people filled Onegin's soul with a new longing: it became pain for the Motherland, for its shameful present, for an aimless and useless life.

The last stage of Onegin's life, described in the finished chapters of the novel, depicts him returning to the secular Petersburg society. The picture of this society in the eighth chapter differs sharply from the picture of social life depicted in the first chapter. If good-natured irony and joke prevailed there, now Pushkin depicts a secular environment with feelings of indignation and anger. This new mood of the author is in tune with the mood of his hero. Onegin is now a completely different person. The attitude of the secular society to him also changed dramatically. If the light caressed the young man, now they hate him. Let's reread the 7-12 stanzas of the eighth chapter. In the midst of Onegin's hateful environment, Tatiana shone for him with a new light. Onegin fell in love with her. There is no doubt about the depth of his feelings. Onegin's letter was written by Pushkin with extraordinary enthusiasm and strength. Excitement, shock, passion have replaced cold indifference, fashionable disillusionment in the life of young Onegin.

Onegin never stopped thinking about Tatiana. Let's open the fourth chapter: Lensky has arrived. Onegin's question: “Well, what about the neighbors? What is Tatiana? That Olga is your frisky? ”(Stanza 48) - first the question was asked about Tatiana, not about Lensky's fiancée. This is how Pushkin prepared us for the perception of Onegin's sincere and deep outburst of love, which found expression in his letter to Tatyana. “And now! - what brought you to my feet? what a little! How with your heart and mind Be the feelings of a petty slave? "But Onegin's love is far from a" petty feeling. " To the reader

Belinsky finishes his analysis of Onegin's image: “What happened to Onegin afterwards? Had passion resurrected him for a new suffering more in line with human dignity? Or did she kill all the strength of his soul, and his joyless melancholy turned into dead cold apathy? - We don't know, and why should we know this when we know that the forces of this rich nature were left without application, life without meaning, and romance without end? It is enough to know this, so that one does not want to know anything else ... "Onegin entered Russian literature as an image of an extra person who did not find his life path, did not have the necessary strength of character to break out of