Socio-pedagogical foundations of the activities of military commissariats to improve the pre-conscription training of young people Mukhamadeev Marat Masgutovich. The modern role and significance of the military-patriotic club "Nakhimovets" in the moral education of young people is not

Single face-to-face competitions in various sports between pupils of other schools in the district

Attraction of additional funding (sponsorship, grants) for organizing competitions at various levels

Lack of parenting activity

Public incentives at school-wide events (certificates, letters of thanks)

Offers

to improve work aimed at military-patriotic education and pre-conscription training of youth

One of the conditions for improving the quality of work aimed at military-patriotic education and pre-conscription training of young people is face-to-face competitions, contests, gatherings of various levels (district, regional), providing students with the opportunity to test their strength, see the capabilities of other participants in the competition, and adopt positive experience. the best players;

- visits of qualified specialists - employees of district military registration and enlistment offices - to municipalities to conduct educational work with pre-conscription youth;

- creation of a regional bank of the best practices for the organization of military-patriotic education and pre-conscription training of youth.

Chapter I. Historiography and characteristics of the sources of the problem.

§ 1. Historiography of the problem.

§ 2. Characteristics of the research source base.

Chapter II. The formation and development of domestic military museums as cultural and educational institutions in the period from 1918 to 1991.

§ 1. Military museums in the system of education of military personnel.

§ 2. Creation and development of the legal framework for military museums.

§ 3. Activities of state and military authorities to improve the organizational structure of the military-museum network.

Chapter III. Cultural and educational work of military museums during the study period.

§ 1. Activities of military museums for excursion services for visitors.

§ 2. Stationary and traveling exhibitions as a form of cultural and educational work of military museums.

§ 3. Organization of public and search work.

Chapter IV. Popularization and publishing work of military museums in the period from 1918 to 1991.

§ 1. The work of military museums to popularize their funds and collections.

§ 2. The role of the publishing work of military museums in the cultural service of military personnel.

Dissertation introduction 2009, abstract on history, Kuznetsov, Andrey Mikhailovich

At present, the state and military administration bodies are faced with a serious task - strengthening the moral and psychological state of the personnel of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The practice of educational work has developed many directions, forms and methods of its solution, but the skillful and professional use of the capabilities of the centuries-old culture of the country, the armed forces, especially its material component, stands apart. The material component of culture is a collection of tangible objects that express the uniqueness and originality of a particular culture that has existed in human history. These can be tools of labor, samples of household utensils, items of clothing, architectural structures and, which is important for a military audience, items of military activity. Already at the dawn of their history, people began to collect and pass on to descendants the most significant and valuable objects of material culture, which served as the basis for the continuity of the traditions of a particular people. To ensure the safety of objects, the possibility of displaying them, special rooms began to be created, later called museums. With the development of civilization, the museum business improved, acquired new features and began to develop in certain directions. This is how historical museums appeared, specializing in the collection, study and display of various objects of the history of a particular state, art museums that collect and promote art objects, technical museums telling about the development of technology, etc. A special place among them began to be occupied by museums that collected and stored objects of the "material history" of the military practice of mankind.

The history of the creation, formation, development and functioning of domestic military museums indicates that they carried and carry in themselves a huge educational and cultural potential aimed at forming in the Russian army a sense of love for their homeland, the armed forces, and devotion to the best military traditions.

The study of the historical experience of the activities of domestic military museums at various stages of their development will expand the practical possibilities in organizing the leisure of military personnel, will contribute to the education of personnel on the examples of the heroic past of our Motherland.

One of the most significant periods in the development of Russian military museums was the period from 1918 to 1991. At this stage, the military-museum network was practically re-created by the state and military administration bodies, legal documents were developed, which formed the basis of its work.

The activities of military museums during the Soviet period have repeatedly passed the test of time. The events of the Civil War and foreign military intervention, the interwar period, the Great Patriotic War, the postwar period, the period from the 1960s to the early 1980s, and perestroika showed that the work on the preservation, accumulation and use of military history items in educational and cultural and educational work with military personnel was quite effective. In this regard, for military historians it is of particular interest to study the experience of the functioning of domestic military museums in the Soviet period, activities for the cultural services of military personnel and their families, which may be in demand in the practice of educational work and socio-cultural activities in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

The relevance of the study of this problem is due to the following circumstances.

Firstly, its insufficient development, the absence of major generalizing scientific works on this topic, revealing the activities of domestic military museums in 1918-1991. and their role in cultural and educational work with military personnel.

Secondly, the study of the activities of military museums during this period meets the requirements of the State Program "Patriotic Education of Citizens of the Russian Federation for 2006-2010", orders of the Minister of Defense

RF No. 265 of June 10, 2001 "On military-historical work in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation" and No. 79 of February 28, 2005 "On improving educational work in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation."

Order No. 265 of June 10 * 2001, in particular, states: “The use of military-historical knowledge in the education of servicemen is carried out in order to develop their abilities to realize and deeply understand their military duty and personal responsibility for defending the Fatherland. It is carried out as part of the performance of official duties by the relevant commanders (chiefs) together with the educational work of the Armed Forces in the course of studying the military history of the Fatherland in the system of public and state training, as well as carrying out activities to promote it through the popularization of the heroic deeds of Russian soldiers, the activities of outstanding commanders and military leaders "1.

Historical items that are in the funds and expositions of military museums are the material basis for conducting military history work and contribute to a more substantive formation of patriotism among Russian soldiers.

Order No. 79 of February 28, 2005 states that cultural and leisure activities are part of the complex of educational work organized in the RF Armed Forces. One of the forms of cultural and leisure activities is visiting museums by military personnel on weekends and holidays.

In addition, the order contains a provision stating that commanders of all levels must take measures to develop and update expositions of military museums, museum-type formations, and rooms of military glory. For their effective work, appropriate councils must be elected2.

To implement these provisions into practice, it is necessary to closely study the relevant experience of the activities of military command and control bodies, the military-museum network, accumulated in the period from 1918 to 1991.

1 See: Order of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation No. 265 of June 10, 2001 "On military-historical work in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation." - M., 2001 .-- S. 3-4.

2 See: Order of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation No. 79 of February 28, 2005 “On improving educational work in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation”. - M., 2005 .-- S. 15-16.

Third, the increasing role of military museums in the education, education and cultural services of servicemen and their families.

Fourth, the need to improve the activities of state and military administration bodies, educational structures in the field of cultural services for the personnel of the Russian Armed Forces on the basis of the experience accumulated by domestic military museums.

Fifthly, the increasing public attention to the objects of material culture of military activity and everyday life of the domestic armed forces, stored in military museums, and the possibility of their use in the patriotic education of the younger generation.

The relevance, insufficient degree of elaboration of the problem determined the choice of the topic, determined the object, subject, scientific problem, chronological framework, goal and objectives of this dissertation research.

The object of the research is Russian military museums in the period 1918-1991. The author considers it necessary to note that only those institutions that were under the jurisdiction of the military department will be considered under military museums. Museums of other ministries that stored, among others, items of military activity and everyday life (culture, internal affairs, state security, etc.), were not included in the research object.

The subject of the research is the activity of state and military administration bodies, museum management on the formation and development of a network of military museums, the organization of their cultural and educational work with military personnel in the period under review.

Substantiation of the chronological framework of the study.

The events of October 1917 marked the beginning of a new stage in the development of national statehood, which was associated with the coming to power of the Bolsheviks, who oriented the country towards building the world's first socialist state. For his armed protection, the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR on January 15 (28), 1918, adopted a decree on the creation of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army (RKKA), and on January 29 (February 11), 1918, on the creation of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Fleet (RKKF) ... From that moment on, the military museums of the Soviet Republic were focused on working with the servicemen of the RKKA and RKKF.

On December 8, 1991, the heads of the republics of the Russian Federation, Ukraine and Belarus, in an agreement signed by them, announced the termination of the existence of the USSR and the creation of the Commonwealth of Independent States. Along with the collapse of the Soviet Union, its Armed Forces and the military-museum network ceased to exist, the activities of which, first of all, were aimed at educating and providing cultural services to the servicemen of the Soviet army and navy.

The scientific problem of the dissertation research is to comprehensively investigate and summarize the historical experience of the activities of state and military bodies, museum leadership on the formation and development of a network of military museums in the country, the organization of their work on cultural services for military personnel in the period from 1918 to 1991, to identify the characteristic features and trends, formulate scientific conclusions, historical lessons and practical recommendations.

The purpose of the work is to carry out a systematic and comprehensive study of the activities of state and military administration bodies, museum management on the creation and development of a network of military museums, the organization of their cultural and educational work with military personnel in the period under review, to draw scientifically substantiated conclusions, formulate historical lessons, practical recommendations and development trends of military museums of the Russian Federation.

To achieve this goal, the candidate formulated the following main research objectives.

1. Assess the degree of elaboration of the problem and characterize the source base of the study.

2. Determine the role of Soviet military museums in the education of military personnel, taking into account the previous experience of the military-museum network of imperial Russia.

3. Investigate the activities of state and military administration bodies to create and improve the legal and organizational foundations of military museums in the period under review.

4. To reveal the work of military museums for the cultural services of the personnel of the army and navy in the period from 1918 to 1991.

5. Analyze the popularization and publishing work of military museums during the study period.

6. Make scientifically grounded conclusions, formulate historical lessons arising from the activities of domestic military museums in 1918-1991, practical recommendations for further study and use of the results of dissertation research, trends in the development of military museums in the Russian Federation.

The dissertation proposal offers the following research concept.

The revolutionary events of October 1917 and the creation in January 1918 of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army, and then the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Navy, determined the new content of the activities of military museums and served as the starting point of the Soviet stage in the development of military museum affairs.

During the years of the Civil War and foreign military intervention (1917-1920), the state and military authorities made efforts to preserve the rich historical and cultural heritage stored in military museums, as well as to create a fundamentally new military-museum network, which should was to become in the service of education and cultural service of the command and rank-and-file personnel in the spirit of the new ideology.

In the interwar years (1921-June 1941), the foundations of the legal and organizational development of the Soviet military-museum network were laid, the tasks and directions of its development were determined. During this period, the material base of the existing military museums was significantly strengthened, the construction of new ones began. These processes took place under the control of the bodies of party, state and military administration.

Great Patriotic War 1941-1945 became a test of the strength of the established Soviet military-museum network. The experience of military museums in solving the tasks assigned to them confirmed the correctness of the position that their role in educational and cultural work with soldiers of the army and navy was very significant.

The functioning of military museums in the USSR in the post-war years was closely linked with the need to collect and preserve documents and materials showing the greatness of the feat of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945, improving the legal and organizational structure, material and technical base, and building new museums.

With the development of the country, quantitative and qualitative changes in the Soviet Armed Forces, the state and military administration bodies adjusted the tasks of military museums in the field of training soldiers. The main directions were the education of the personnel of high discipline, the desire to master weapons and military equipment, loyalty to the military oath, respect for their history and the heroic traditions of the Armed Forces.

Late 1980s and early 1990s were marked by turbulent processes in Russian history. During this period, there were two trends in the development of military museums. On the one hand, the lifting of bans for ideological reasons, publicity, accessibility to previously unknown sources made it possible to expand the exposition complexes of military-historical museums, "saturate" them with new museum items.

On the other hand, the transition to a market economy, the lack of proper attention from the state led to the fact that many military museums have become unprofitable enterprises. The consequence of this was a dilapidated material fund, the departure of qualified employees, the leasing of their premises to commercial organizations, the transformation of military museums in some cases into warehouses, hostels, etc.

Military museums of the Soviet period carried out active cultural and educational work among military personnel and their families. It was aimed at promoting moral and aesthetic education, establishing glorious combat traditions in military collectives, raising the cultural level, participating in organizing the full-fledged leisure of servicemen.

The generalized experience of the work of military museums of the Soviet period in the education and cultural services of military personnel can be used in the practice of the activities of the modern military museum network.

The structure of the thesis includes an introduction, four chapters, conclusion, list of sources and literature, applications.

Conclusion of scientific work dissertation on the topic "Military museums and their role in cultural and educational work with military personnel"

Chapter Conclusions

In the period from 1918 to 1991, Russian military museums carried out popularization and publishing work, which significantly influenced the quality of cultural services for visitors.

Promotional work focused on those people who had insufficient knowledge about a particular museum and its work. Its main goal was to provide primary information about the museum, its objects and collections and to attract as many visitors as possible to the museum halls. Publishing work, in turn, was aimed at a trained audience, which sought to obtain additional information about the museum and its activities. Its goal was to systematize, expand and deepen knowledge about various aspects of museum activities, exchange experience in museum work.

The first provisions concerning the conduct of popularizing and publishing work by military museums were reflected in the legal documents regulating the activities of the military museum network in the 1920s and 1930s.

The work of military museums to popularize their funds and collections in the 1920s and 1930s. was quite specific and meaningful. A large place in it was given to the cooperation of museum collectives with representatives of the media. This made it possible to expand the possibilities for information support of various areas of museums' activities, cultural events.

Starting from the 1950s-1960s, military museums began to actively use the possibilities of cinema in their popularization work, which implied, firstly, cooperation with the central film studios of the country in the production of informational and educational products, and, secondly, the creation of for these purposes their own film studios.

An important event that influenced the expansion of the geography of the popularizing work of military museums was the entry of the USSR into

International Council of Museums (ICOM) in 1957. This made it possible to establish a mutual exchange of experience in this direction with their foreign colleagues.

In the second half of the 1980s. the changed political4 and socio-economic conditions have made changes in the work of military museums to popularize their objects and collections. This was expressed, on the one hand, in the strengthening of the technical base for its implementation, the acquisition of the right by museum collectives to independently choose the forms and methods of popularization work, and, on the other hand, in the reduction of state funding, which led to a decrease in the indicators of its effectiveness.

The publishing work of military museums in the period under review was a complex of activities for the production of printed materials, which reflected important issues of museum activities. The direction of its development was the transition from the publication of small-circulation literature of one or two types (guidebooks, catalogs) to the publication of large volumes of literature and many types (catalogs, guidebooks, booklets, brochures, own periodicals, etc.).

When it was organized in the first years after the October Revolution of 1917, the military museums adopted the corresponding experience of the military-museum network of imperial Russia.

Despite the fact that the issues of publishing work of military museums were reflected in legal documents that appeared in the 1920s-1930s, in practice it developed at an insufficient pace. The reasons for this were the weak material and technical base of military museums, the lack of qualified personnel, and the lack of proper attention to publishing on the part of the museum leadership.

In the 1940s-1960s. there was an increase in the volume of publishing work of military museums, which was associated with the creation of editorial and publishing groups in their states. Their main task was the preparation and production of printed materials corresponding to the profile of the museum and areas of activity. One of the types of printed publications that came out during this period were guidebooks to military museums, which played a large role in educational and cultural work with military personnel.

In the 1950s. the largest Soviet military museums began to prepare and publish their own printed periodicals, which became a platform for discussing the most important issues of museum activities. A significant place on the pages of the publications was devoted to the coverage of various aspects of cultural and educational work with visitors.

In the 1970s-1980s. orders of the USSR Ministry of Defense were issued, which adjusted the goals and objectives of publishing in accordance with the realities of the time. In addition, large military museums issued a number of internal documents that specified the procedure for the preparation and publication of printed materials.

Significant changes in the publishing work of military museums took place in the second half of the 1980s. The weakening of military censorship, the acquisition of high-quality printing equipment and technology, and the expansion of the independence of military museums in the planning and production of printed materials were supposed to bring the publishing work of military museums to a qualitatively new level. However, this was prevented by the collapse of the Soviet Union and its military-museum network.

Report of Archpriest Sergiy Privalov, Chairman of the Synodal Department for Cooperation with the Armed Forces and Law Enforcement Agencies: “Shepherd and clergy in the army. The role of the personality of a military clergyman in the spiritual and moral education of military personnel. "

The service of the military clergy at the present stage of the development of the Armed Forces poses before the Church topical issues of understanding the role of a clergyman in the troops, ways of improving spiritual and moral education and assessing the effectiveness of pastoral work.

The Russian Orthodox Church is aware of its spiritual responsibility and seeks to convey to every person the light of the Gospel Truth: “And light a candle, they do not put it under a vessel, but on a candlestick, and it shines on everyone in the house” (Matthew 5:15).

At present, the close attention of society to the representatives of the Church is becoming not only obvious, but is the subject of the struggle for the souls of people. Opponents of Orthodoxy, looking for the disorder and spiritual weakness of a particular person ordained to the priesthood, are trying to discredit the entire fullness of the Church, which consists primarily of the celestials - the angels of the Church, who have already acquired the right to ceaselessly praise the Lord, as well as people who have embarked on the path of Christian good deeds , but due to the weakness of the forces stumbling and getting up for further battle with the forces of evil in the heavens. The head of the Church is the Savior of the world - our Lord Jesus Christ.

Pastoral service in the army is the service of a person who has dedicated himself to God. All the attention of the military is directed to the military clergyman, not only because of his black cassock and cross unusual for the military class, but primarily because of the unusualness of his service, which, mysteriously, not always clear, stands out from ordinary military life and those tasks, which are performed on a daily basis by military personnel.

The military priest is not just in plain sight, they want to see Christ and holiness in him, to which they would like to strive and find the meaning of their life. If only believers gather in parish churches, then a military unit is a collective of like-minded people who perform a single combat mission, but in their own worldview can belong to a variety of groups, currents of religious beliefs, stand at different levels of churchliness and participation in religious sacraments and rituals ...

There is no need to talk about the highest level of responsibility of a military clergyman for the observance of moral and ethical standards that should be inherent in any citizen of our state. We are talking about the manifestation of the qualities characteristic of the holy fathers of the Church and, first of all, of clergy.

A military priest should become not only a good pastor who performs the established Divine services, preaches correctly, conducts incessant educational and spiritual and moral work, participates in social and patriotic events, helps the command in eradicating negative phenomena in the army, but first of all should be a prayer book - a confessor, whose sacred mission should be the spiritual core of a military formation.

We are talking about spiritual warfare or spiritual warfare, which began even before the creation of the world by the fall of the angels and continues here on earth throughout the entire existence of civilization. The struggle for the human soul, for its choice of movement towards God or towards the devil, never stops. It has big and small victories, temporary retreats and advances, but the result of everything is unity with God or a departure from Him. In this battle, the prayer of the priest-confessor for the child he herd is the main work of the clergyman.

Invisible abuse, but clearly felt by the soul of a soldier, for whom his relatives, parents, colleagues and priest-confessor pray, is his real life. External events only replace the surroundings of the struggle for the main thing - the acquisition of the spirit of the Holy God.

“Acquire a peaceful spirit, and thousands will be saved around you,” said the Monk Seraphim of Sarov. This order of the holy elder should be considered a motto for the entire corps of military clergy.

The role of the personality of the clergyman sometimes becomes a key element of the pastoral ministry in the army. On the one hand, the authority of the shepherd, his spiritual qualities are an attractive force for the military. The desire to see in the priest a friend, a colleague, a kind interlocutor offers him entry into the sphere of relations that are weakly consistent with his vocation - serving God. Priorities in ministry are shifting to the spiritual, not the spiritual component. Prayer and inner work fades into the background. And this does not always happen at the will of the priest himself. The whole complex of tasks that have to be solved makes the military shepherd an administrator, organizer, builder, a disciplined executor of the will of the command, shifting the emphasis in his activities towards socially significant events.

The initial stage of earning in a military collective ends, and questions arise that are not always easy to give unambiguous answers. What is the return on the invested efforts in the churching of servicemen, what percentage of the total number of personnel attends divine services, lectures and conversations on Orthodox topics conducted by a clergyman? In what quantities can the inner world in a team be measured with the arrival of a clergyman? How many suicidal incidents have been prevented by the efforts of the assistant commander for work with religious military personnel?

We, as specialists in the field of organizing the activities of the military clergy, will have to formulate general approaches to assessing pastoral work, but the highest measure will remain the conscience of the priest and God's judgment on our ministry. I would like the measure of our strength and capabilities to coincide with the providence of God about the ways of laying down the soul for his friends.

It seems important in this audience to remind the representatives of the military command about the share of responsibility that is determined by God and those who hold power. The role of the commander-chief in the process of spiritual and moral education determines not only the fulfillment of the assigned combat missions, but, first of all, the fate of a person who is at that age when everything good is still absorbed like a sponge, but everything bad is deposited in the soul for life through moral or immoral attitudes and formed behavioral stereotypes.

It is easy for us to remember our military youth, when copying the methods of action for managing cadet units was included in the style of behavior, in flesh and blood for many years of life. It is good if the teachers were moral and spiritually mature commanders. You should learn these skills all your life, and taking responsibility for the fate of others, keep in mind not only the physical, but also the spiritual life of subordinates, which is many times more expensive. The life of the spirit is eternal, and everyone involved in the formation of a warrior of the Russian state should worry about it.

Spiritual and moral enlightenment is not a set of sayings from the texts of Holy Scripture, it is, first of all, a personal example of keeping the commandments of God and communion with the grace-filled gifts of the Church of Christ, which enlightens the soul and transforms the body. The path of all life is the path of knowing God within your heart. And in this field it is impossible to be alone, without advice, guidance and prayer of the confessor.

Can a military priest be the confessor of the entire military collective? How many spiritual children can he bring to God, protect them from the perniciousness of this world? Can it be hoped that 10 - 12 soldiers who regularly communicate with the priest and participate in divine services will have sufficient potential to become the "salt" of the military brotherhood?

The Lord likens His disciples to salt, which keeps the human race from moral decay: "You are the salt of the earth," and adds: "If the salt loses its strength, then how will you make it salt?" (Matthew 5:13).

Fundamental theological questions require fundamental knowledge and pastoral experience. It cannot be obtained only in an educational institution. The growth of the spirit in a military priest should be a constant process, where humility, obedience and the struggle with sinful passions produce spiritual fruit - a state of Divine love, which is “patient, merciful, is irritated, does not think evil, does not rejoice in unrighteousness, but rejoices in the truth; Covers everything, believes everything, hopes everything, endures everything. Love never fails ”(1 Cor. 13: 4-8). It has its source in God Himself, who is Love (1 John 4:26).

What demands does the time put forward before the military clergy? The mission of the Church in the Army has never been so auspicious. On the one hand, the exacerbation of all the contradictions of the modern spiritless civilization, which is roughly oriented not towards raising a person to the image and likeness of God, but towards bringing him down to a state of madness and consumption of everything that harms the soul. On the other hand, the question about the meaning of human life, questions of good and evil, honesty and justice, Divine predestination and personal choice of the spiritual paradigm, is becoming more and more obvious for the sane part of humanity. Where, if not in the Army, and even on the brink of a large-scale war, with a constant threat to life, a person should sober up and return to true spiritual values, rethink his life and behavior, uniting in prayer with God and consciously standing up to defend the Fatherland, which is being reborn for serving God.

The Russian Army is currently the second largest in the world in terms of military potential after the United States. And according to the fairness of goals and objectives and the spiritual potential that restrains satanic aggression, of course, it is the first in the world. The military clergy at the present stage of the development of the Armed Forces is more and more weighty declaring their potential. The development of church-military relations grows into collaboration, where the role of the priest-confessor will only grow. Our task is to prepare for serious and intense work and correspond to the mission that God has prepared for us.

Defense in a country depends on the state of the army. It acts solely for defense purposes. Compulsory military service is a key element in the existence of the army. Russia, and all of its territory, belongs to the number of just such a state. All links in the formation of the army and the defense system as a whole ensure the security of all citizens and the entire country. Ensuring conscription into the ranks of the army is the main task of military commissariats. Military commissariats belong to military enlistment offices. The specialists working in this structure are an important link in the entire chain of defense in the country. It would be wrong if the employees of the military registration and enlistment offices were not registered in the country. For this reason, one of the approved state holidays is dedicated to them and their work - the holiday of military commissariats and their employees, approved by the Decree.

Even the Soviet government dated April 8, 1918. There are many reasons for approving the holiday. The main one is, of course, the formation of the composition of the Red Army. At that time, these were volost, district, governor military commissariats, which merging one into one, formed one main district commissariat of military affairs in the country.

Their main task is to prepare young men of military age to join the ranks of the army and learn how to conduct compulsory military service. No matter how the military commissariats are now called, and the plenipotentiaries of the army and military commissariats, they all say one thing, this is the main soldier's structure, founded to conduct the admission of citizens into the ranks of the army for military service. After all, it is from here that every newly-called young man begins his service. It is here that many military retirees turn for help in difficult times. They come here, with the last hope of help, and veterans-front-line soldiers,

Perhaps this is the main reason why a holiday dedicated to the employees of the military registration and enlistment office, which is annually celebrated on April 8, has appeared on the calendar.

To date, the number of military commissariats has increased significantly. All new branches of military registration and enlistment offices are being opened. But, at the same time, they all belong to the Ministry of Defense of Russia, through the interaction of the main organizational and mobilization department of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

Military enlistment offices are a network of structures whose main task is to fulfill the defense task of the state. In close cooperation with local executive authorities, the work of military enlistment offices is aimed at developing plans for the implementation of ensuring the mobilization of citizens, transport resources throughout the subordinate territory. This applies to the military registration and enlistment offices of regional territorial bodies, regional and city. Even in the event of their reorganization, the tasks of the country's armed forces have not been canceled. Their main goal remains unchanged. That is, ensuring reliable protection of citizens, the state and its entire territory. The armed forces must, under any conditions, receive the necessary contingent for conscription.

A whole range of major tasks follows from this. The main ones are the organization and maintenance of strict accounting, the organization of the conscription of citizens, the compilation of a reserve fund of military personnel. And also, securing the reserve and booking for enterprises. All measures are designed to protect the state and are carried out in the interests of the Armed Forces and military formations in the country.
Now the main goal of military commissariats is to provide citizens with a decent defense force, and the state with the mobilization of all the necessary resources to serve in the ranks of the Armed Forces of Russia. In addition, the military registration and enlistment offices are engaged in the selection of candidates for admission to educational institutions related to military service and defense. They exercise control over the passage of service by citizens who have expressed to serve under a contract. Also, the military registration and enlistment offices take part in the education of young people, instilling in them patriotism, provision and social protection of servicemen in reserve. In general, they deal with all vital issues, in relation to conscripts, those who have served, reserve soldiers and in relation to those who are in reserve, who have retired.

Almost a hundred years have passed since the military commissariats were established. Much has changed over the years. The entire history of the development of the country's Armed Forces is connected with the day of the formation of military registration and enlistment offices. The military registration and enlistment office, as before, make a great contribution to the development of the state's defense capability. No matter how time changes, the defense of the country has always remained the most important task in which military enlistment offices occupy one of the main places.

History of military commissariats

The history of the emergence of military registration and enlistment offices begins long ago. It takes a long period of time, from the time of the formation of the Soviet Union to the present day.

But, if you go even deeper, then we can say with confidence that the first military registration and enlistment office appeared during the reign of Peter the Great. It was during his reign that the first regular troops were created. At that time, this option was not taken seriously, the emergence of the regular army was called more amusing troops than the defense of the country. It was 1687, many years had passed before the emergence of the real Armed Forces. First, in 1699, Russia introduced the so-called recruiting troops, which were finally approved only in 1705. From that moment on, the development of defense, the emergence of regular troops began to develop on the path of development, which was the reason that already in 1716, Peter the Great created the first decree in the history of Russia on a regular army. And 4 years later, by the end of 1720, the decree of Peter the Great was supplemented, also with decrees in relation to the naval forces, which was named so, the naval decree of the regular army of Peter the Great.
At that time, history remembers that war is only a matter of aristocrats. But after a while nobles, merchants, paying citizens and members of the clergy were released from urgent compulsory service. In this regard, only bourgeois and peasants were drafted into the army. At the same time, the term of service in the army was, neither more nor less, only 25 years.

Since then, the army has undergone systematic changes and reforms. The first reform of the army took place in 1874. The founder, whom he became - D.A. Milyutin. He introduced universal military service, which extended to the entire male population in the state. At that time, the word recruit was changed to, recruit. It was at that moment that the need arose to create bodies that would deal with issues related to the equipment of the army. First, military presences were formed, that is, the predecessors of the current military registration and enlistment offices.
In Soviet times, military service was voluntary. But, with the outbreak of the civil war, it became clear that the country cannot do without a compulsory army. Since then, military service has remained mandatory for men of a certain age. The military presences were replaced by military commissariats. Their role was considered the most significant. They were engaged not only in providing the army with personnel, but also trained the mobilized, bringing them to full readiness to serve for the good of the Motherland.

After the end of the war, military obedience became mandatory for every male citizen. Conscription was approved by law. One Law was adopted for all - the obligatory appeal of young men aged 18 years. At the same time, the service life in the army was 2-3 years. This is stated in the presidential decree of the Russian Armed Forces of May 7, 1992. A year later, the main decree of the president of the country was changed. Citizens of the male contingent between the ages of 18 and 278 can be called up for military service in the ranks of the army. This means that if a young man cannot repay his debt to the Motherland in the ranks of the army at 18, then he will always have time to do this before the age of 27. At the same time, almost 15 years, the service life was set for 2 years, but due to the reduction since 2008, it was already only 12 months.

The innovations came out only by the year 200, when the obligatory term of service in the ranks of the army was 18-21 months. More recently, a military reform was again carried out in the defense area. Associated with it are the massive dismissals of military enlistment officers who no longer wear military uniforms and are ordinary citizens of Russia, even though there is military service, which involves serving not only in wartime, but also in peacetime.

On April 8, 1918, the Council of People's Commissars adopted the "Decree on the Establishment of Volost, Uyezd, Provincial and District Military Commissariats," whose activities made it possible to create a strong Red Army in the shortest possible time. April 8 marks the 100th anniversary of the creation of military commissariats. On April 8, 1918, the Council of People's Commissars adopted the "Decree on the Establishment of Volost, Uyezd, Provincial and District Military Commissariats", whose vigorous activity subsequently made it possible in the shortest possible time to create a strong Red Army, equip it with privates and command personnel, arm and provide everything necessary for the conduct of hostilities. Military commissariats played an extremely important role during the Great Patriotic War. Thanks to their active and intense work, the courage of the military commissariats, already in the first most difficult days of the Great Patriotic War, it was possible to mobilize human resources and equipment from the national economy. During the war, military commissariats drafted more than 30 million people into the Red Army, supplied thousands of pieces of equipment from the national economy, provided general military training for citizens, thereby making an important contribution to achieving victory over Nazi Germany. In the post-war years, the staff of the military registration and enlistment offices took on a large burden of meeting, registering and employing the victorious soldiers who were subject to demobilization. An enormous amount of work was done by the military commissariats in recruiting the troops performing their international duty in Afghanistan and taking part in the establishment of the constitutional order in the North Caucasus. Great service of the military commissariats and in the elimination of the consequences of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. Thanks to the professional activities of the military enlistment office employees, hundreds of thousands of citizens were called up for special gatherings from the reserve to carry out emergency work and thousands of pieces of equipment from the national economy were attracted, thereby ensuring the implementation of a huge range of work to eliminate the consequences of a nuclear accident. At present, military commissariats are entrusted with tasks, the timely and high-quality implementation of which determines the state of combat and mobilization readiness of the Armed Forces: preparing young people for military service, accounting for mobilization human and transport resources, planning mobilization on the territory of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, organizing and conducting the conscription of citizens for military service. Military commissariats also bear a large social burden, ensuring the implementation of measures of legal and social protection of citizens dismissed from military service, and their family members, family members of killed (deceased) servicemen. On the eve of the 100th anniversary of the military commissariats, an exhibition and conference on the topic "The history of the formation and development of military commissariats" was organized for the participants of the gathering. Under the leadership of the GOMU of the General Staff, the military-historical work “Military commissariats: the history of creation and development. Work is underway to issue a commemorative coin and a postage stamp. A significant contribution to this work is made by the veteran organization created in the GOMU of the General Staff, the chairman of which is the former head of the GOMU of the General Staff, retired Lieutenant General Valery Astanin. It should be noted that at present more and more reserve officers who served in the General Staff wish to join the veteran organization, thereby passing on their precious practical experience, preserving the continuity of generations and delighting us with their presence.